The Republic of Montenegro Migration Profile
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Montenegro Investment Climate Statement
MONTENEGRO INVESTMENT CLIMATE STATEMENT 2015 U.S. Department of State 2015 Investment Climate Statement | June 2015 Table of Contents Executive Summary 1. Openness To, and Restrictions Upon, Foreign Investment 1.1. Attitude Toward FDI 1.2. Other Investment Policy Reviews 1.3. Laws/Regulations of FDI 1.4. Industrial Strategy 1.5. Limits on Foreign Control 1.6. Privatization Program 1.7. Screening of FDI 1.8. Competition Law 1.9. Investment Trends 1.9.1. Tables 1 and if applicable, Table 1B 2. Conversion and Transfer Policies 2.1. Foreign Exchange 2.1.1. Remittance Policies 3. Expropriation and Compensation 4. Dispute Settlement 4.1. Legal System, Specialized Courts, Judicial Independence, Judgments of Foreign Courts 4.2. Bankruptcy 4.3. Investment Disputes 4.4. International Arbitration 4.4.1. ICSID Convention and New York Convention 4.5. Duration of Dispute Resolution 5. Performance Requirements and Investment Incentives 5.1. WTO/TRIMS 5.2. Investment Incentives 5.2.1. Research and Development 5.3. Performance Requirements 5.4. Data Storage 6. Right to Private Ownership and Establishment 1 U.S. Department of State 2015 Investment Climate Statement | June 2015 7. Protection of Property Rights 7.1. Real Property 7.2. Intellectual Property Rights 8. Transparency of the Regulatory System 9. Efficient Capital Markets and Portfolio Investment 9.1. Money and Banking System, Hostile Takeovers 10. Competition from State-Owned Enterprises 10.1. OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of SOEs 10.2. Sovereign Wealth Funds 11. Corporate Social Responsibility 11.1. OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises 12. Political Violence 13. Corruption 13.1. -
Montenegro Old and New: History, Politics, Culture, and the People
60 ZuZana Poláčková; Pieter van Duin Montenegro Old and New: History, Politics, Culture, and the People The authors are focusing on how Montenegro today is coming to terms with the task of becoming a modern European nation, which implies recognition not only of democracy, the rule of law, and so forth, but also of a degree of ‘multiculturalism’, that is recognition of the existence of cultural, ethnic, linguistic and religious minorities in a society that is dominated by a Slavic Orthodox majority. In his context they are analyzing the history of the struggle of the Montenegrin people against a host of foreign invaders – after they had ceased to be invaders themselves – and especially their apparently consistent refusal to accept Ottoman sovereignty over their homeland seemed to make them the most remarkable freedom fighters imaginable and led to the creation of a special Montenegrin image in Europe. This im- age of heroic stubbornness and unique martial bravery was even consciously cultivated in Western and Central Europe from the early nineteenth century onwards, as the Greeks, the Serbs, the Montenegrins and other Balkan peoples began to resist the Ottoman Empire in a more effective way and the force of Romantic nationalism began to influence the whole of Europe, from German historians to British politi- cians, and also including Montenegrin and Serbian poets themselves. And what about the present situa- tion? The authors of this essay carried out an improvised piece of investigation into current conditions, attitudes, and feelings on both the Albanian and the Slavic-Montenegrin side (in September 2012). key words: Montenegro; history; multiculturalism; identity; nationalism; Muslim; Orthodox Montenegro (Crna Gora, Tsrna Gora, Tsernagora) is a small country in the Western Balkans region with some 625,000 inhabitants,1 which became an independent nation in 2006 and a can- didate-member of the EU in 2010. -
Montenegro's Tribal Legacy
WARNING! The views expressed in FMSO publications and reports are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. Montenegro's Tribal Legacy by Major Steven C. Calhoun, US Army Foreign Military Studies Office, Fort Leavenworth, KS. This article appeared in Military Review July-August 2000 The mentality of our people is still very patriarchal. Here the knife, revenge and a tribal (plemenski) system exist as nowhere else.1 The whole country is interconnected and almost everyone knows everyone else. Montenegro is nothing but a large family—all of this augurs nothing good. —Mihajlo Dedejic2 When the military receives an order to deploy into a particular area, planners focus on the terrain so the military can use the ground to its advantage. Montenegro provides an abundance of terrain to study, and it is apparent from the rugged karst topography how this tiny republic received its moniker—the Black Mountain. The territory of Montenegro borders Croatia, Bosnia- Herzegovina, Serbia and Albania and is about the size of Connecticut. Together with the much larger republic of Serbia, Montenegro makes up the current Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY). But the jagged terrain of Montenegro is only part of the military equation. Montenegro has a complex, multilayered society in which tribe and clan can still influence attitudes and loyalties. Misunderstanding tribal dynamics can lead a mission to failure. Russian misunderstanding of tribal and clan influence led to unsuccessful interventions in Afghanistan and Chechnya.3 In Afghanistan, the rural population's tribal organization facilitated their initial resistance to the Soviets. -
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View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Bilkent University Institutional Repository p fr-; C ß R £ S1ÍU2Y lifem ; - i ; : : ... _ ...._ _ .... • Ûfc 1î A mm V . W-. V W - W - W__ - W . • i.r- / ■ m . m . ,l.m . İr'4 k W « - Xi û V T k € t> \5 0 Q I3 f? 3 -;-rv, 'CC/f • ww--wW- ; -w W “V YUGOSLAVIA: A CASE STUDY IN CONFLICT AND DISINTEGRATION A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE INSTITUTE OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES BILKENT UNIVERSITY MEVLUT KATIK i ' In Partial Fulfillment iff the Requirement for the Degree of Master of Arts February 1994 /at jf-'t. "•* 13 <5 ' K İ8 133(, £>02216$ Approved by the Institute of Economics and Socjal Sciences I certify that I have read this thesis and in my opinion it is fully adequate,in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts in International Relations. Prof.Dr.Ali Karaosmanoglu I certify that I have read this thesis and in my opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts in International Relations. A j ua. Asst.Prof. Dr. Nur Bilge Criss I certify that I have read this thesis and in my opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts in International Relations. Asst.Prof.Dr.Ali Fuat Borovali ÖZET Eski Yugoslavya buğun uluslararasi politikanin odak noktalarindan biri haline gelmiştir. -
Assessment of the National Integrity System of Montenegro
ASSESSMENT OF THE NATIONAL INTEGRITY SYSTEM OF MONTENEGRO This project is supported by the European Union. The content of this does not reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Responsibility for the information and views expressed in the report lies entirely with the author ASSESSMENT OF THE NATIONAL INTEGRITY SYSTEM OF MONTENEGRO Title: ASSESSMENT OF THE NATIONAL INTEGRITY SYSTEM OF MONTENEGRO Publisher: Network for affirmation of NGO sector - MANS Monitoring and Analytic Programme Authors: Vanja Ćalović, Executive Director Vuk Maraš, Monitoring and Analytic Programme Director Aleksandar Maškovic, Analytic Programme Coordinator Veselin Radulovic, MANS’ Legal Advisor Print: 3M - Makarije Edition: 30 copies Contact: Dalmatinska 188, Podgorica, Montenegro Phone: +382 20 266 326 Fax: +382 20 266 328 E-mail: [email protected] www.mans.co.me CONTENTS I INTRODUCTORY NOTE ........................................................................................................................... 7 II EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................... 11 III ABOUT THE NATIONAL INTEGRITY SYSTEM ASSESMENT .............................................. 21 IV COUNTRY PROFILE OF MONTENEGRO ..................................................................................... 27 V CORRUPTION PROFILE ......................................................................................................................... 31 VI ANTI-CORRUPTION ACTIVITIES ..................................................................................................... -
Human Rights in Montenegro
MONTENEGRO Program: Monitoring of Human Rights in Montenegro Human Rights in Montenegro - 2010 Podgorica, February 2011 Monitoring programme and human rights protection programme implemented by YIHR MNE with the assistance and cooperation of Civil rights defenders Youth Initiative for Human Rights, Montenegro February 2011 Publisher Boris Raonić Authors Boris Raonić Milan Radović Edina Hasanaga Čobaj Marija Vujović Dejan Minić Denis Zvrko Proofreading Jelena Vukoslavović Ristović Translation Jelena Vukoslavović Ristović Design Nikola Milenković Print AP print, Podgorica 400 copies CONTENT I Previous information ...........................................................................................5 II Legislation and institutional framework of protection in human rights area .......7 III Facing past ......................................................................................................15 IV Torture ............................................................................................................21 V Politically motivated violence ............................................................................41 VI Free legal aid ...................................................................................................49 VII Freedom of expression ....................................................................................55 VIII Religious freedom .........................................................................................65 IX Discrimination ................................................................................................69 -
Montenegro Guidebook
MONTENEGRO PREFACE Podgorica, the capital of Montenegro, lies in a broad plain crossed by five rivers and surrounded by mountains, just 20 kilometers from the Albanian border. The city has a population of around 180,000 people. Bombed into rubble during World War II, Podgorica was rebuilt into a modern urban center, with high-rise apartment buildings and new office and shopping developments. While the latest Balkan war had a low impact on the physical structures, the economic sanctions had a devastating effect on employment and infrastructure. With the help of foreign investment, urban renewal is evident throughout the city, but much of it may still appear run down. Podgorica has a European-style town center with a pedestrian- only walking street (mall) and an assortment of restaurants, cafes, and boutiques. To many, its principal attraction is as a base for the exploration of Montenegro’s natural beauty, with mountains and wild countryside all around and the stunning Adriatic coastline less than an hour away. This is a mountainous region with barren moorlands and virgin forests, with fast-flowing rivers and picturesque lakes; Skadar Lake in particular is of ecological significance. The coastline is known for its sandy beaches and dramatic coves: for example, Kotor – the city that is protected by UNESCO and the wonderful Cathedral of Saint Typhoon; the unique baroque Perast; Saint George and Our Lady of the Rock islands – all locations that tell a story of a lasting civilization and the wealth of the most wonderful bay in the world. The area around the city of Kotor is a UNESCO World Heritage site for its natural beauty and historic significance. -
Vulnerabilities to Russian Influence in Montenegro
KREMLIN WATCH REPORT VULNERABILITIES TO RUSSIAN INFLUENCE IN MONTENEGRO Kremlin Watch Program 2019 EUROPEAN VALUES CENTER FOR SECURITY POLICY European Values Center for Security Policy is a non-governmental, non-partisan institute defending freedom and sovereignty. We protect liberal democracy, the rule of law, and the transatlantic alliance of the Czech Republic. We help defend Europe especially from the malign influences of Russia, China, and Islamic extrem- ists. We envision a free, safe, and prosperous Czechia within a vibrant Central Europe that is an integral part of the transatlantic community and is based on a firm alliance with the USA. Our work is based on individual donors. Use the form at: http://www.europeanvalues.net/o-nas/support- us/, or send your donation directly to our transparent account: CZ69 2010 0000 0022 0125 8162. www.europeanvalues.net [email protected] www.facebook.com/Evropskehodnoty KREMLIN WATCH PROGRAM Kremlin Watch is a strategic program of the European Values Center for Security Policy which aims to ex- pose and confront instruments of Russian influence and disinformation operations focused against West- ern democracies. Author Mgr. Liz Anderson, student of Security and Strategic Studies at Masaryk University and Kremlin Watch Intern Editor Veronika Víchová, Head of Kremlin Watch Program, European Values Center for Security Policy Image Copyright: Page 1, 4, 12: NATO 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY With a population of a little more than 650,000 citizens, levels of Montenegrin society, but most prominently in Montenegro is NATO’s newest and smallest member. It the economic, political, civil society, media, and religious joined the Alliance controversially and without a realms. -
R Isk B U Lletin
ISSUE 1 | SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 2020 THE CIVIL SOCIETY OBSERVATORY TO COUNTER ORGANIZED CRIME IN SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE SUMMARY HIGHLIGHTS 1. No lockdown for the Kotor gangs 4. The Balkan Route and COVID-19: For more than five years, there has been a gang war More restrictions, more misery between two criminal groups from Kotor, on the During 2015, tens of thousands of refugees and coast of Montenegro. While most of Montenegro migrants moved through South Eastern Europe on was in lockdown during the COVID-19 crisis, the their journeys to the West of the continent. Today, killings continued. Despite the ongoing violence, the so-called Balkan Route is largely closed: borders the two leaders of the feuding Kavač and Škaljari have been securitized, and desperate migrants and clans, who were arrested with much ado in 2018, asylum-seekers are being pushed back. Some of are now both out on bail. The new government in the few winners in this crisis are migrant smugglers. Montenegro has pledged to fight against organized We examine how a growing number of migrants crime and corruption. Will it be able to stop the are entering the Western Balkans from Greece via cocaine war? Albania, and the methods that are used to smuggle them. This story also highlights the impact that this 2. Albanian cannabis moves indoors is having in Bosnia and Herzegovina, where, because Albania has gained the dubious reputation of being of tight border controls with Croatia and fears of ranked as Europe’s top cannabis producer. Some COVID-19, there is a growing humanitarian crisis. -
Political Status of Ethnic Groups in Montenegro
Montenegro Ethnicity in Montenegro Group selection We identify the following politically relevant ethnic groups: Alba- nians, Bosniak/Muslims, Croats, Montenegrins, Roma, and Serbs. With 44,9% of the population, Montenegrins are the largest ethnic group in the country. Serbs constitute the largest minority with 28,7%, followed by Bosniaks and Albanians (3464, 3465, 945). For 3464 [Census, 2011] the 2003 census, the term “Bosniaks” was introduced, but Muslims 3465 [Bieber, 2010] and Bosniaks are included in one single category, although there is a slight difference between Serbian speaking Muslims and Bosnian speaking Bosniaks. This is in line with Bieber (3466, 944), who also 3466 [Bieber, 2010] considers Bosniaks and Muslims in Montenegro as a combined ethnic group. Power relations 2008-2016 In 2006, Montenegro declared independence from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. Montenegrins are the political majority and they dominate the government. They are mostly represented by the Democratic Party of Socialists (DPS), which has been in power from independence to 2020. Serbs are represented by the party alliance Serbian List (Srpska lista), and more recently the Democratic Front, but Serbs also vote for other parties and approximately 30 percent of the parliament members, from the Serbian and other parties, considered themselves as Serbian (3467, 945). Yet, as the parties representing the Serbs are 3467 [Bieber, 2010] in opposition, and thus without governmental influence, Serbs are considered politically powerless according to the EPR coding rules. In Montenegro, seats are allocated using the d’Hondt method. There is a three percent threshold to gain representation. If none of the lists of a specific minority group achieve a threshold of 3 percent, a lower threshold of 0.7 percent is used (for Croatians, this becomes 0.4 percent) (3468). -
Eight Fragments Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian
EIGHT FRAGMENTS FROM THE WORLD OF MONTENEGRIN LANGUAGES AND SERBIAN, CROATIAN, SERBIAN, CROATIAN, BOSNIAN SERBIAN, CROATIAN, BOSNIAN AND FROM THE WORLD OF MONTENEGRIN EIGHT FRAGMENTS LANGUAGES Pavel Krejčí PAVEL KREJČÍ PAVEL Masaryk University Brno 2018 EIGHT FRAGMENTS FROM THE WORLD OF SERBIAN, CROATIAN, BOSNIAN AND MONTENEGRIN LANGUAGES Selected South Slavonic Studies 1 Pavel Krejčí Masaryk University Brno 2018 All rights reserved. No part of this e-book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written permission of copyright administrator which can be contacted at Masaryk University Press, Žerotínovo náměstí 9, 601 77 Brno. Scientific reviewers: Ass. Prof. Boryan Yanev, Ph.D. (Plovdiv University “Paisii Hilendarski”) Roman Madecki, Ph.D. (Masaryk University, Brno) This book was written at Masaryk University as part of the project “Slavistika mezi generacemi: doktorská dílna” number MUNI/A/0956/2017 with the support of the Specific University Research Grant, as provided by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic in the year 2018. © 2018 Masarykova univerzita ISBN 978-80-210-8992-1 ISBN 978-80-210-8991-4 (paperback) CONTENT ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................. 5 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 7 CHAPTER 1 SOUTH SLAVONIC LANGUAGES (GENERAL OVERVIEW) ............................... 9 CHAPTER 2 SELECTED CZECH HANDBOOKS OF SERBO-CROATIAN -
“Thirty Years After Breakup of the SFRY: Modern Problems of Relations Between the Republics of the Former Yugoslavia”
RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, INSTITUTE OF ECONOMICS “Thirty years after breakup of the SFRY: modern problems of relations between the republics of the former Yugoslavia” 15th independence anniversary of Montenegro: achievements and challenges Prof. dr Gordana Djurovic University of Monenegro 21 May 2021 1 An overview: from Doclea to the Kingdom of Montenegro (1) • During the Roman Empire, the territory of Montenegro was actually the territory of Duklja (DOCLEA). Doclea was originally the name of the Roman city on the site of modern Podgorica (Ribnica), built by Roman Emperor Diocletian, who hailed from this region of Roman Dalmatia. • With the arrival of the Slovenes in the 7th century, Christianity quickly gained primacy in this region. • Doclea (Duklja) gradually became a Principality (Knezevina - Arhontija) in the second part of the IX century. • The first known prince (knez-arhont) was Petar (971-990), (or Petrislav, according to Kingdom of Doclea by 1100, The Chronicle of the Priest of Dioclea or Duklja , Ljetopis popa Dukljanina, XIII century). In 1884 a during the rule of King Constantine Bodin lead stamp was found, on which was engraved in Greek "Petar prince of Doclea"; In that period, Doclea (Duklja) was a principality (Byzantine vassal), and Petar was a christianized Slav prince (before the beginning of the Slavic mission of Cirilo and Metodije in the second part of the IX century (V.Nikcevic, Crnogorski jezik, 1993). • VOJISLAVLJEVIĆ DYNASTY (971-1186) - The first ruler of the Duklja state was Duke Vladimir (990 – 1016.). His successor was duke Vojislav (1018-1043), who is considered the founder of Vojislavljević dynasty, the first Montenegrin dynasty.