Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rock Identification Guide

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Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rock Identification Guide

EARS 1 Lab 4 Name___________________________ SEDIMENTARY ROCK GUIDE Rock Name Composition Clast Size Possible Depositional Environment Arkose (sandstone) Feldspar (orthoclase mostly), quartz, some Medium to Alluvial fan, river (fluvial) iron-oxides coarse Arenite (sandstone) >90% quartz Medium to River (fluvial), aeolian, beach, shallow coarse water marine Greywacke Rock (lithic) fragments and quartz in a muddy Medium to Shallow water to deep water marine fan (sandstone) matrix coarse Mudstone Clay Very fine River (fluvial) floodplain, delta, lagoon Shale Clay, quartz, some iron-oxides Very fine Lake, delta, deep marine Siltstone Quartz, clay Fine River, shallow marine Sandstone Various Medium to Alluvial fan, river (fluvial), beach, aeolian, coarse others Conglomerate Various Coarse to very Alluvial fan, river (fluvial), glacier coarse Breccia Various Coarse to very Alluvial fan, river (fluvial), glacier coarse Fossiliferous Calcium carbonate, pieces of marine shells, - Shallow water marine limestone corals Chert Cryptocrystalline quartz (has characteristic - Deep water marine, evaporate, chemical conchoidal fracture) precipitation in other rocks Bituminous coal Organic matter, clay - Swamp/Lagoon EARS 1 Lab 4 Name___________________________ METAMORPHIC ROCK GUIDE Rock Name Mineralogy Diagnostic textures Metamorphic grade Protolith (slatey cleavage, compositional (low, medium, high) banding, schistosity, etc.) Slate Clay, quartz, micas Slatey cleavage (breaks into flat Low Shale planes) Phyllite Micas, quartz, garnet Sheen, medium-to-well developed Medium Shale porphyroblasts foliation Schist (include Micas, garnet Schistosity (shiny and well-foliated) Medium-High Shale dominant porphyroblast, quartz mineralogy) Gneiss Orthoclase feldspar, Compositional banding High Granite, shale/siltstone quartz, amphibole Quartzite Quartz Massive Low-High Quartz sandstone Marble Calcite, variable Massive (fizzes in HCl) Low-High Limestone or dolostone impurities Amphibolite Amphiboles, feldspar Commonly massive, also can be High Basalt or gabbro compositionally banded Anthracite - - Low-High Peat, coal .

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Draft - Draft - Draft
Map Unit Classification 2/8/2002 DRAFT - DRAFT - DRAFT Geologic Map Unit Classification, ver. 6.1 A proposed hierarchical classification of units for digital geologic maps. Lithology: The description of rocks, esp. in hand specimen and in outcrop, on the basis of such characteristics as color, mineralogic composition, and grain size (Bates and Jackson, 1980). Note: The intent is to classify lithologically homogeneous components of mapped units (either rock or sediment), not to classify heterogeneous map units with a single term. Heterogeneous units are best classified by dividing them into relatively homogeneous components, which are then classified and given an estimated volume proportion of the entire unit. Thus, a mixed clastic sedimentary unit might be classified as follows: arkose (60%), conglomerate (30%), and siltstone (10%). However, this may be impossible when classifying units from older published maps. Several mixed classification units have been included in the current version; however, users are encouraged to use the more precise terms whenever possible. Note 2: Yes, I realize unconsolidated sediments are not rocks and cannot, therefore, be classified by lithology in the strict sense. I have now dropped the term lithology from the title of the classification. The classification that follows is a combination of lithologies, depositional environments, and morphologies. I am trying to build an inclusive list of categories that are used to define geologic map units, or parts of units. I would like to make sure all map units can be classified without too much distortion of meaning, while at the same time keeping the classification scheme as short as possible.
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