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Volcanology and Mineral Deposits
THESE TERMS GOVERN YOUR USE OF THIS DOCUMENT Your use of this Ontario Geological Survey document (the “Content”) is governed by the terms set out on this page (“Terms of Use”). By downloading this Content, you (the “User”) have accepted, and have agreed to be bound by, the Terms of Use. Content: This Content is offered by the Province of Ontario’s Ministry of Northern Development and Mines (MNDM) as a public service, on an “as-is” basis. Recommendations and statements of opinion expressed in the Content are those of the author or authors and are not to be construed as statement of government policy. You are solely responsible for your use of the Content. You should not rely on the Content for legal advice nor as authoritative in your particular circumstances. Users should verify the accuracy and applicability of any Content before acting on it. MNDM does not guarantee, or make any warranty express or implied, that the Content is current, accurate, complete or reliable. MNDM is not responsible for any damage however caused, which results, directly or indirectly, from your use of the Content. MNDM assumes no legal liability or responsibility for the Content whatsoever. Links to Other Web Sites: This Content may contain links, to Web sites that are not operated by MNDM. Linked Web sites may not be available in French. MNDM neither endorses nor assumes any responsibility for the safety, accuracy or availability of linked Web sites or the information contained on them. The linked Web sites, their operation and content are the responsibility of the person or entity for which they were created or maintained (the “Owner”). -
Geologic Storage Formation Classification: Understanding Its Importance and Impacts on CCS Opportunities in the United States
BEST PRACTICES for: Geologic Storage Formation Classification: Understanding Its Importance and Impacts on CCS Opportunities in the United States First Edition Disclaimer This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference therein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed therein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. Cover Photos—Credits for images shown on the cover are noted with the corresponding figures within this document. Geologic Storage Formation Classification: Understanding Its Importance and Impacts on CCS Opportunities in the United States September 2010 National Energy Technology Laboratory www.netl.doe.gov DOE/NETL-2010/1420 Table of Contents Table of Contents 5 Table of Contents Executive Summary ____________________________________________________________________________ 10 1.0 Introduction and Background -
Self-Guiding Geology Tour of Stanley Park
Page 1 of 30 Self-guiding geology tour of Stanley Park Points of geological interest along the sea-wall between Ferguson Point & Prospect Point, Stanley Park, a distance of approximately 2km. (Terms in bold are defined in the glossary) David L. Cook P.Eng; FGAC. Introduction:- Geomorphologically Stanley Park is a type of hill called a cuesta (Figure 1), one of many in the Fraser Valley which would have formed islands when the sea level was higher e.g. 7000 years ago. The surfaces of the cuestas in the Fraser valley slope up to the north 10° to 15° but approximately 40 Mya (which is the convention for “million years ago” not to be confused with Ma which is the convention for “million years”) were part of a flat, eroded peneplain now raised on its north side because of uplift of the Coast Range due to plate tectonics (Eisbacher 1977) (Figure 2). Cuestas form because they have some feature which resists erosion such as a bastion of resistant rock (e.g. volcanic rock in the case of Stanley Park, Sentinel Hill, Little Mountain at Queen Elizabeth Park, Silverdale Hill and Grant Hill or a bed of conglomerate such as Burnaby Mountain). Figure 1: Stanley Park showing its cuesta form with Burnaby Mountain, also a cuesta, in the background. Page 2 of 30 Figure 2: About 40 million years ago the Coast Mountains began to rise from a flat plain (peneplain). The peneplain is now elevated, although somewhat eroded, to about 900 metres above sea level. The average annual rate of uplift over the 40 million years has therefore been approximately 0.02 mm. -
The Surface Reactions of Silicate Minerals
RESEARCH BULLETIN 614 SEPTEMBER, 1956 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION J. H. Longwell, Director The Surface Reactions Of Silicate Minerals PART II. REACTIONS OF FELDSPAR SURFACES WITH SALT SOLUTIONS. V. E. NASH AND C. E. MARSHALL (Publication authorized September 5, 1956) COLUMBIA, MISSOURI TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction .......... .. 3 The Interaction of Albite with Salt Solutions . .. 4 The Interaction of Anorthite with Salt Solutions ........ .. 7 Relative Effectiveness of Ammonium Chloride and Magnesium Chloride on the Release of Sodium from Albite . .. 9 Surface Interaction of Albite with Salt Solutions in Methanol . .. 13 Experiments on Cationic Fixation ............................... 16 Detailed Exchange and Activity Studies with Individual Feldspars .......... .. 19 Procedure .. .. 20 Microcline . .. 21 Albite .................................................... 22 Oligoclase . .. 23 Andesine . .. 24 Labradori te . .. 25 Bytownite ................................................. 25 Anorthite . .. 27 Discussion ........ .. 28 Summary ..................................................... 35 References .. .. 36 Most of the experimental material of this and the preceding Research Bulletin is taken from the Ph.D. Thesis of Victor Nash, University of Missouri, June 1955. The experiments on cation fixation were carried our with the aid of a research grant from the Potash Rock Company of America, Lithonia, Georgia, for which the authors wish to record their appreciation. The work was part of Department of Soils Research Project No.6, entitled, "Heavy Clays." The Surface Reactions of Silicate Minerals PART II. REACTIONS OF FELDSPAR SURFACES WITH SALT SOLUTIONS. v. E. NASH AND C. E. MARSHALL INTRODUCTION The review of literature cited in Part I of this series indicates that little is known of the interaction of feldspar surfaces with salt solutions. The work of Breazeale and Magistad (1) clearly demonstrated that ex change reactions between potassium and calcium occur in the case of or thoclase surfaces. -
Structural Geology of the Upper Rock Creek Area, Inyo County, California, and Its Relation to the Regional Structure of the Sierra Nevada
Structural geology of the upper Rock Creek area, Inyo County, California, and its relation to the regional structure of the Sierra Nevada Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic); maps Authors Trent, D. D. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 27/09/2021 06:38:23 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/565293 STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY OF THE UPPER ROCK CREEK AREA, INYO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA, AND ITS RELATION TO THE REGIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE SIERRA NEVADA by Dee Dexter Trent A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF GEOSCIENCES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1 9 7 3 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE I hereby recommend that this dissertation prepared under my direction by __________ Dee Dexter Trent______________________ entitled Structural Geology of the Upper Rock Creek Area . Tnvo County, California, and Its Relation to the Regional Structure of the Sierra Nevada ________________ be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement of the degree of ____________Doctor of Philosophy_________ ___________ P). /in /'-/7. 3 Dissertation Director fJ Date After inspection of the final copy of the dissertation, the following members of the Final Examination Committee concur in its approval and recommend its acceptance:* f t M m /q 2 g ££2 3 This approval and acceptance is contingent on the candidate's adequate performance and defense of this dissertation at the final oral examination. -
Non-Clastic Sedimentary Rocks by Cindy Grigg
Non-Clastic Sedimentary Rocks By Cindy Grigg 1 Rocks can be put into three main groups. They are grouped by how the rocks formed. Sedimentary (sed-uh-MEN-tuh-ree) rocks are formed on or near Earth's surface. Sedimentary rocks are sorted into other groups. They can be sorted as clastic or non-clastic. This group tells something about the rocks' beginning and what they formed from. 2 Non-clastic rocks are created when water evaporates or from the remains of plants and animals. Limestone is a non-clastic sedimentary rock. Limestone is made of the mineral calcite. It often contains fossils. Limestone formed in the ocean from the shells and skeletons of dead sea creatures. Some of the fossils in limestone are too small to be seen without a microscope. Chalk is a type of limestone that is usually white. It consists almost entirely of the shells of tiny dead sea creatures. Limestone is a common building material. 3 Coal is another non-clastic rock. It formed from the dead remains of plants. Millions of years ago, plants fell into swamps. They were covered with layers of sediment and did not rot. Over millions of years, as the remains were buried deeper under more and more layers of sediment, they were changed by pressure into coal. Coal is commonly used as fuel in power plants to make electricity. 4 Evaporite rocks formed when minerals such as gypsum and halite (rock salt) were left behind as water evaporated from oceans and lakes. Evaporite is common in desert areas, where evaporation is high, such as the Great Salt Lake in Utah. -
Unsupervised Classification of Intrusive Igneous Rock Thin Section Images Using Edge Detection and Colour Analysis Note: Published As S
Unsupervised Classification of Intrusive Igneous Rock Thin Section Images using Edge Detection and Colour Analysis Note: Published as S. Joseph, H. Ujir and I. Hipiny, "Unsupervised classification of Intrusive igneous rock thin section images using edge detection and colour analysis," 2017 IEEE International Conference on Signal and Image Processing Applications (ICSIPA), 2017, pp. 530-534, doi: 10.1109/ICSIPA.2017.8120669. S. Joseph H. Ujir and I. Hipiny Faculty of Computer Science & Information Technology Jabatan Mineral dan Geosains (Sarawak), Universiti Malaysia Sarawak Kementerian Sumber Asli dan Alam Sekitar, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia {uhamimah & mhihipni}@unimas.my [email protected] Abstract—Classification of rocks is one of the fundamental tasks in a geological study. The process requires a human expert It requires a human expert with substantial knowledge and to examine sampled thin section images under a microscope. In experience in combining multiple petrographic and microscopy this study, we propose a method that uses microscope automation, classification criteria, e.g., texture, colour, cleavage, twinning digital image acquisition, edge detection and colour analysis and tartan pattern, to perform the point counting. Due to this, (histogram). We collected 60 digital images from 20 standard thin sections using a digital camera mounted on a conventional we argue that an unsupervised classification of the rock thin microscope. Each image is partitioned into a finite number of cells sections to replace the human operator is therefore necessary. that form a grid structure. Edge and colour profile of pixels inside This paper presents our unsupervised classification method each cell determine its classification. The individual cells then and the classification results using edge and colour as the determine the thin section image classification via a majority discriminating features. -
Mineral Mania
The Rock Factory A Pre-Visit Information Guide for Teachers Meets Next Generation Science Standards: 5-PS1-3; MS LS4-1,2; MS ESS1-4; MS-ESS2-1 How does our Earth create so many different types of rocks? Learn about the different processes that form and reform rocks as you identify many types of rocks, minerals and fossils. Students will learn to think like geologists as they move through interactive investigation stations packed with specimens from the Museum’s collections. OBJECTIVES The Rock Cycle: Students will examine the three types of rocks - igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary – and discover the processes that create them. Tracing the connections between shale and slate, limestone and marble, students will discover how the rock cycle changes the very ground beneath our feet! Characteristics of Rocks Students will learn how to observe and identify rocks through their unique characteristics, looking for telling clues such as layering, crystal size, fossils, magnetism, and more. Students will practice their observational skills as they describe the Museum’s unique rock and mineral specimens. Investigation Stations: Students will explore Museum geology specimens up close at investigation stations to answer such questions as: “Why do fossils form only in certain rocks?” “How do rocks form from volcanic eruptions?” “How can I recognize different types of rocks?”. ACTIVITIES Teachers are encouraged to conduct pre-visit and post-visit classroom discussions and activities with their classes to make the most of their experience. Encourage your students to start a classroom rock collection, and create an exhibit with the rocks organized by type – igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic. -
Geologic Boulder Map of Campus Has Been Created As an Educational Educational an As Created Been Has Campus of Map Boulder Geologic The
Adam Larsen, Kevin Ansdell and Tim Prokopiuk Tim and Ansdell Kevin Larsen, Adam What is Geology? Igneous Geo-walk ing of marine creatures when the limestone was deposited. It also contains by edited and Written Geology is the study of the Earth, from the highest mountains to the core of The root of “igneous” is from the Latin word ignis meaning fire. Outlined in red, numerous fossils including gastropods, brachiopods, receptaculita and rugose the planet, and has traditionally been divided into physical geology and his- this path takes you across campus looking at these ancient “fire” rocks, some coral. The best example of these are in the Geology Building where the stone torical geology. Physical geology concentrates on the materials that compose of which may have been formed at great depths in the Earth’s crust. Created was hand-picked for its fossil display. Campus of the Earth and the natural processes that take place within the earth to shape by the cooling of magma or lava, they can widely vary in both grain size and Granite is another common building stone used on campus. When compa- its surface. Historical geology focuses on Earth history from its fiery begin- mineral composition. This walk stops at examples showing this variety to help nies sell granite, they do not use the same classification system as geologists. nings to the present. Geology also explores the interactions between the you understand what the change in circumstances will do to the appearance Granite is sold in many different colours and mineral compositions that a Map Boulder Geologic lithosphere (the solid Earth), the atmosphere, the biosphere (plants, animals of the rock. -
VOLCANIC INFLUENCE OVER FLUVIAL SEDIMENTATION in the CRETACEOUS Mcdermott MEMBER, ANIMAS FORMATION, SOUTHWESTERN COLORADO
VOLCANIC INFLUENCE OVER FLUVIAL SEDIMENTATION IN THE CRETACEOUS McDERMOTT MEMBER, ANIMAS FORMATION, SOUTHWESTERN COLORADO Colleen O’Shea A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE August: 2009 Committee: James Evans, advisor Kurt Panter, co-advisor John Farver ii Abstract James Evans, advisor Volcanic processes during and after an eruption can impact adjacent fluvial systems by high influx rates of volcaniclastic sediment, drainage disruption, formation and failure of natural dams, changes in channel geometry and changes in channel pattern. Depending on the magnitude and frequency of disruptive events, the fluvial system might “recover” over a period of years or might change to some other morphology. The goal of this study is to evaluate the preservation potential of volcanic features in the fluvial environment and assess fluvial system recovery in a probable ancient analog of a fluvial-volcanic system. The McDermott Member is the lower member of the Late Cretaceous - Tertiary Animas Formation in SW Colorado. Field studies were based on a southwest-northeast transect of six measured sections near Durango, Colorado. In the field, 13 lithofacies have been identified including various types of sandstones, conglomerates, and mudrocks interbedded with lahars, mildly reworked tuff, and primary pyroclastic units. Subsequent microfacies analysis suggests the lahar lithofacies can be subdivided into three types based on clast composition and matrix color, this might indicate different volcanic sources or sequential changes in the volcanic center. In addition, microfacies analysis of the primary pyroclastic units suggests both surge and block-and-ash types are present. -
Part 629 – Glossary of Landform and Geologic Terms
Title 430 – National Soil Survey Handbook Part 629 – Glossary of Landform and Geologic Terms Subpart A – General Information 629.0 Definition and Purpose This glossary provides the NCSS soil survey program, soil scientists, and natural resource specialists with landform, geologic, and related terms and their definitions to— (1) Improve soil landscape description with a standard, single source landform and geologic glossary. (2) Enhance geomorphic content and clarity of soil map unit descriptions by use of accurate, defined terms. (3) Establish consistent geomorphic term usage in soil science and the National Cooperative Soil Survey (NCSS). (4) Provide standard geomorphic definitions for databases and soil survey technical publications. (5) Train soil scientists and related professionals in soils as landscape and geomorphic entities. 629.1 Responsibilities This glossary serves as the official NCSS reference for landform, geologic, and related terms. The staff of the National Soil Survey Center, located in Lincoln, NE, is responsible for maintaining and updating this glossary. Soil Science Division staff and NCSS participants are encouraged to propose additions and changes to the glossary for use in pedon descriptions, soil map unit descriptions, and soil survey publications. The Glossary of Geology (GG, 2005) serves as a major source for many glossary terms. The American Geologic Institute (AGI) granted the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) permission (in letters dated September 11, 1985, and September 22, 1993) to use existing definitions. Sources of, and modifications to, original definitions are explained immediately below. 629.2 Definitions A. Reference Codes Sources from which definitions were taken, whole or in part, are identified by a code (e.g., GG) following each definition. -
Reply Refer To
IN REPLY REFER TO: UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W A SHI NGTON 25, D. C . October 10, 1958 AEC-126/9 Mr. James E. Reeves Assistant Manager for Test Operations Albuquerque Operations Office u. s. Atomic Energy Commission P. 0. Box 5400 Albuquerque, New Mexico Dear Mr. Reeves: Transmitted herewith are ten copies of TEI -729, "The action of heat and of superheated steam on the tuff of the Oak Spring formation," by George W. Morey, August 1958. This report is part of our Nevada Test Site project. We plan to incorporate the information in TEI-729 with that in other reports on this project for publication by the Geological Survey. · Sincerely yours, -~ . ~~ ~/Vc):,R j..,- W. H. Bradley Chief Geologist UNI1rED STAIJ::'ES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GE LOGI CAL SliRVEY THE .AC TION OF HFJ\.T A~TD OF SUPERHEATED STEAM ON ·IE~ T0~ OF TFili OAK SPRING FORMATION* George Wa Morey Augu.st 1958 Trace El ements Investiga t i ons Report 729 This preliminary report is distributed without editoria l and. technical review f or conformity ·with official standards and nomenclature . It is not f or public . inspection or quot ation. *This report concerns work done on behal f of Albuquerque Operations Office, U. s. Atomi c Energy Commission .. 2 USGS - TEI- 729 Distribution No. of copies Albuquer que Opera t:i.ons Office ( J.. :F~.. Ree·7es) o •• o " .... o .... " ... o e .. ., .. o • ., .. 10 Division of Re search, Washington (D .. R. Mi.l_er) .... .... ., ., .. o. o.......... 2 Office o.f the Commissioners, Washington (J .