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New Sensibilities in the Hybrid City

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New Sensibilities in the Hybrid City THE MEIATED CITY CONFERENCE Architecture_MPS; Ravensbourne; Woodbury University London: 01—03 April, 2014 NEW SENSIBILITIES IN THE HYBRID CITY CRISTINA MIRANDA DE ALMEIDA UNIVERSITY OF THE BASQUE COUNTRY INTRODUCTION When the physical and the digital dimensions of reality blend a hybrid reality is formed. Nowadays society is immersed on a hybrid reality, which does not fall inside the scope of society’s perceptive window. There is little social awareness about what a hybrid reality is and about the benefits that can be explored. In this context it is necessary to analyse how the very concept of nature and matter are forged according to the model of experience that is being formed in the process of embedding the virtual into the physical and matter is turning into a digitally assisted kind of matter. The first objective of this paper is to help expand this perceptive window, to offer a more inclusive analytical framework to make visible some essential dimensions of this kind of reality that encompasses a hybrid materiality so that society can better situate itself in relation to a reality in which digital seamlessly blends with physical matter and the world gains agency. The second objective is to challenge the current view that matter, objects and environments are inanimate, by analysing how interactions between people, social processes, things and environments are undergoing a transformation triggered by technology1. In order to construct this framework, this research is grounded in the intersection of art, ICT and the urban experience from a Constructivist approach and Actor-Network Theory (Latour 1987, 2005; Law and Hassard, 1999). The main dimensions to be explored and analysed are (1) the merging of digital and analogue forms of experience, in particular from art (e.g. augmented realities); (2) presence of new actors and forms of interaction in the city2; (3) forms of heterogeneous knowledge construction; (4) lively interfaces and animated environments; and (5) biotechnological convergence. THE PROBLEM The accelerated impact of Internet on matter, time, identity, self and environments is still not clearly understood by society regarding its different dimensions. In particular, considering matter only from the point of view of its physicality is not enough to analyse the new layers that are being embedded into everything, from living beings to urban ecosystems. The embedding of the Internet in the core of our physical and social realities affects not only the process of the subject’s experience, but also the very definition of matter what requires new analytical tools that take into consideration the very dissolution of the screens into the physical world, the blending of digital into matter and the emergence of digital matter as a new layer of nature. A number of examples can be used to illustrate how this blending is occurring. For example when access to digital urban data (Big data as well) is being facilitated almost exclusively through visual data representation and simulation and other forms of sensorial channels or experiences are not offered. THE MEIATED CITY CONFERENCE Architecture_MPS; Ravensbourne; Woodbury University London: 01—03 April, 2014 This is the case of data (in particular from first person perspective) that is transformed into data visualizations to be accessed by means of mobile technologies, apps and wireless sensor networks that can be seen in projects as Amsterdam Real Time 3 , Smart Environments 4 , Libelium 5 , London Dashboard6, Mappiness7, Next City8, Collective Consciousness App9, RunKeeper10. Other examples relate to data that is offered to people to be experienced by other senses beyond vision (examples: Beloff, L. 2013, Appendix11; SENSEable City Lab MIT, DataDrives12; Iacconesi; Persico, 2013, The Human Ecosystems13). Although these two kinds of ways to deal with data are starting to be pervasive, urban administrations and other local and regional institutions are not fully aware of all actors interacting with data and how urban data is being produced, mined and represented by different kinds of actors. For example, data is considered basically a human product but nowadays also non-human actors or actants (Latour) are taking part in the weaving of the World Wide Web/Big Data pool. Even animals are sending Twits to update a platform about their movements. At the same time, although data is mined in the global scale data treatment is localised and there is little collaborative transversality to compare different cities taking into consideration a broader cross-border group of stakeholders when it comes to projects. Data visualizations are rendered in a partial, fragmented and (not always) scientific way by designers, artists and developers, mostly linked to private sectors, who lack a full perspective on the social complexity that is involved in the representation of urban data and how it affects citizenship. On the same way there is a lack of transversality in relation to fields of activities, what reflects the fragmentary approach mentioned. RESEARCH QUESTION AND HYPOTHESIS Which are the main factors that shape the change that result from the impact of the inscription of Internet on matter and environment? The hypothesis is that a ‘strange’ kind of urban reality14 is being formed that needs to be addressed by institutions of all levels in order to prevent a new kind of digital illiteracy. ANALYTICAL MODEL TO UNDERSTAND EXPERIENCE IN A HYBRID REALITY The role of technology, the action of subject and the relationship technology-subject are historically dependent. Internet of Things is being embedded in all dimensions of urban life and bringing to people new forms of experience that include human and non-human actors and actants, (Latour 1987, 2005; Law and Hassard1999) are given agency in everyday life and opening new opportunities to knowledge building. Michael Callon (1991, 1995, 1997) and Bruno Latour (1987, 2005) developed the actant- network model. According to this model actants can be anything or any being that has the capacity to act, such as objects, inscriptions, artifacts, concepts, institutions, environments and other non-human living beings. In concrete, Latour states that actants can network and associate forming actant- networks that connect, influence and empower each other (Latour, 1988). The actants’ form of interaction is called “heterogeneous engineering” (Law 1987; Law and Hassard1999; Latour, 1987, 2005). In the scope of this research actants are considered special forms of subjects. THE MEIATED CITY CONFERENCE Architecture_MPS; Ravensbourne; Woodbury University London: 01—03 April, 2014 These series of factors contribute to the formation of a “strange” reality that is forging the environment that frames the subjects’ experience. In order to explore this strange reality I propose an analytical model based on five dimensions: Digital-analogical merging Biotechnological "Strange" convergence interactions Lively interfaces and environments Heterogenous Knowledge (sensors, controls, context- construction aware systems) Figure 1: Five Dimensions of the analytical model to understand experience in hybrid realities The first dimension relates to the impact of Internet of Things in the merging of physical and digital layers of data into the physical environment enabling the addition of a new layer to reality in the form of augmented realities in which computing is becoming ubiquitous, pervasive, and invisible, environments, things and beings are being increasingly wirelessly networked, geo-localized and tagged. In parallel, the merging of biological, mechanical and electronic parts of organisms is being achieved by bio and mechanic sensors, controllers and actuators. Research in the field of Bio- mechatronics (MIT) deepens in how neuroscience and robotics can integrate in these hybrid creatures. One paradigmatic example of this process is the Robotic Plant that is being created by Barbara Mazzolai and her team at the Italian Institute of Technology in Genoa “that mimics the behaviour of real plants”. Robotic Plants (Plantoid Robots) have roots that grow underground and are environmentally self-aware as they are able to detect their own needs for water, temperature and PH15. There are many possibilities that open with projects like this one on the sense of monitoring nature in urban environments16. The second dimension is the access to continuous (always on and real time) global-glocal forms of interaction offered to society. The possibility to electronically coding physical objects, beings and environments and tagging systems like RFID, Quick Response Codes tags opens the possibility to cities to integrate an emotional subjective layer in the urban tissue by enabling direct access from THE MEIATED CITY CONFERENCE Architecture_MPS; Ravensbourne; Woodbury University London: 01—03 April, 2014 urban contexts, equipment and institutions to social networks. This is an extraordinary possibility to include interactive bottom up creativity and knowledge construction processes in the core of cities supported by mobile social media. As a consequence of these aspects matter is gaining agency in this ‘strange reality’. The third dimension is that not only humans but also actants are able to tag (apart from being tagged) and to share contents, what presents challenges to digital inclusion, triggering new form of media illiteracy. This process is supported by the increasingly development of Cloud computing that enables the pervasiveness of knowledge. In that process of knowledge construction
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