Environmental Impact Assessment report for Proposed Exploratory Drilling in AA-ONN-2009/3 Block NELP-VIII at Teok Village, Jorhat District, Assam Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

3.0 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS

3.1 Introduction

This chapter illustrates the description of the existing environmental status of the study area with reference to the prominent environmental attributes. The study area covers entire AA-ONN-2009/3 block area in Jorhat District, Assam.

The entire block area considered for the study, description of biological environment and Human environment such as environmental settings, demography & socio-economics, land-use/land cover, ecology & biodiversity have been carried out during study period. However, as a universally accepted methodology of EIA studies, physical environmental attributes such as Ambient Air Quality, Water Quality, Soil Quality, Noise Levels, Physiography, Hydrology, Odour, Solid Waste Generation have been studied at selective locations representing various land uses such as industrial, rural/residential, commercial and sensitive locations including the densely populated areas, agricultural lands, forest lands and other ecologically sensitive areas, if any falling within block area.

The existing environmental setting is considered to know the baseline environmental conditions, which are described with respect to climate, hydro- geological aspects, atmospheric conditions, water quality, soil quality, ecology, land use and socio-economic profiles of people. The baseline studies are carried out in winter season covering December 2012 to February 2013.

This Report incorporates the baseline data monitored for winter season and secondary data collected from various Government and Semi-Government organizations.

3.2 Hydrogeology and Geomorphology

The area is underlain by unconsolidated alluvial sediments of the Quaternary age, which can be differentiated into i) Older and ii) Younger alluvium. The Older alluvium occupies the upland areas with sediments of oxidized and relatively compact nature, while the Younger alluvium occurs along the low-lying tracts of the area along the river courses (Plate II). The southern part of the area, adjacent to the Naga hill range is covered by surficial blanket of clay, belonging to Younger alluvium and probably has been derived from the adjacent hills which are composed of the rocks of Tertiary age.

Ground water in the district occurs under water table to semi-confined conditions in the near surface conditions and in the deeper horizon, under semi-confined to confined conditions. Depth to water level in the water table zone varies from 0.41 to 3.07 m bgl in the pre-monsoon period and 0.56 to 3.41 m bgl during post- monsoon period. Panel diagram prepared based on available sub-surface data indicates that in the central parts, three to four prolific aquifer system exist down to explored depth of 300 m(Plate III). In the vicinity of Brahmaputra River, five to six aquifer systems with limited thickness exist within the depth range of 400 m. In the southern parts, the aquifer system fades out due to mixing of finer particles of sand and clay leading to decrease in thickness of aquifer system. The geometry of the aquifer system varies widely. In the northeastern and northwestern parts, the thickness of the aquifer increases and clear sand beds VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-1 Environmental Impact Assessment report for Proposed Exploratory Drilling in AA-ONN-2009/3 Block NELP-VIII at Teok Village, Jorhat District, Assam Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

exists. Throughout the district, varied thickness of clay beds overlying and underlying the aquifer system exist. The thickness of the clay beds increases southwards i.e. towards Titabar where it attains a maximum thickness of 103 m. The predominance of clay formation in the depth of 30 to 50 m poses problem in storage of ground water in the district, however, local variation in the existence of very limited thickness of sand beds mixed with clay performing as conduits of ground water is also observed.

The world’s largest inland island ‘Majuli’ is located in the eastern parts of the district. The area is very much suitable for construction of ground water abstraction structures for discharges ranging from 100 to 300 m 3/hr. Ground water occurs under water table conditions. Water table is shallow and rests within 4 m bgl. The geology & mineral map of Assam state is given in Figure-3.2.1 .

3.2.1 Geomorphologic Features and Landforms

Five geomorphological units are discernible in Jorhat district,

i. The flood plain of the Brahmaputra River in the north ii. The central upland area covering younger alluvial formations iii. The central upland area covering older alluvial formations iv. The southern undulating hill area running along the Naga-Patkai range covering the piedmont plain v. Structural hills.

The elevation of the flood plain area varies from 80 to 90 m while in the central upland area it is 95 to 110 m above Mean Sea Level. The altitude of the hills in the southern and eastern parts of the district is up to 312 m above MSL. The general trend of the hills is NE-SW and at places to N-S.

The mighty River Brahmaputra and its important tributaries like south Dhansiri, Bhogdoi and Kakodonga drain the district. The tributaries originate in Naga-Patkai range and flow northward to join the Brahmaputra River almost at right angles which give rise to sub-parallel type of drainage. These tributaries retain only meager base flow during the dry winter months. The rivers and streams are highly meandering in nature and sudden changes in courses of these rivers possibly due to heavy siltation and epiorogenic movements cause the flood havocs. A total of 109 wetlands with a total area of 21 sq. km. are distributed in the district.

Out of the total geographical area of 2.8 lakh ha, about 1.19 lakh ha is the net cropped area. Forest occupies significant area 0.22 lakh ha. The recent alluvial soils of recent rivers are light grey to dark grey in colour and are confined to the flood plain area adjacent to the Brahmaputra River and its tributaries. The older

alluvial soil is sandy loam to silty and clay-loam. It is light yellowish brown to light brown in colour. The pH is 4.5 to 6.0. Being acidic in nature, these soils are suitable for tea plantation. The soils of the district are characterized by organic matter and available phosphorus and low potash. The soils in the southern parts are residual in origin, derived from the semi-consolidated rocks underlying these areas.

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FIGURE-3.2.1 STRATIGRAPHY OF NORTH ASSAM SHELF, A & AA BASIN

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3.3 Land Use Studies

Studies on land use aspects of eco-system play important roles for identifying sensitive issues, if any, and taking appropriate actions for maintaining the ecological balance in the development of the region.

3.3.1 Objectives

The objectives of land use studies are:

• To determine the present land use pattern; • To analyze the impacts on land use due to plant activities in the study area; and • To give recommendations for optimizing the future land use pattern vis-a-vis growth of plant activities in the study area and its associated impacts.

3.3.2 Methodology

For the study of land use, literature review of various secondary sources such as District Census Handbooks, regional maps regarding topography, zoning settlement, industry, forest etc., were taken. The data was collected from various sources like District Census Handbook, Revenue records, state and central government offices and Survey of India (SOI) Top sheets and also through primary field surveys.

3.3.3 Land use Based on Secondary Data

Based on the census report, entire study area has been considered. These areas were studied in detail to get the idea of land use pattern in the study area. The land use pattern of the study area is given in Table-3.3.1 and in detail presented in Annexure-IV.

TABLE-3.3.1 LAND USE PATTERN IN THE STUDY AREA

Sr.No Particulars of Landuse Total Area (ha) Area % 1 ForestLand 0 0.00 Land under Cultivation 2 a) IrrigationLand 0 0.00 b) Un Irrigated Land 4697 70.38 3 Cultivable Waste Land 641 9.61 4 Area not Available for Cultivation 1336 20.01 Total Area 6674 100.00 Source: District Census Hand Book –2001

• Forest

No forest lands are present in the block area as per Jorhat Census Hand Book (2001).

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• Land under Cultivation

The study area does not have any irrigated land. The un-irrigated land measures about 4697 ha and works out to about 70.38% of the total study area.

• Cultivable Waste

This land includes which was cultivated sometime back and left vacant during the past 5 years in succession. Such lands may either be fallows or covered with shrubs, which are not put to any use. Lands under thatching grass, bamboo bushes, other grooves useful for fuel etc., and all grazing lands and village common lands are also included in this category. The study area comprises about 9.61% cultivable wastelands.

• Land not available for Cultivation

The land not available for cultivation is 20.01% of the total study area.

3.3.4 Land Use Based on Satellite Imagery

Remote sensing satellite imageries were collected and interpreted for the AA- ONN-2009/3 block area for analyzing the land use pattern of the study area. Based on the satellite data, land use/ land cover maps have been prepared.

Land use/Land Cover Classification System

The present land use/ land cover maps were prepared based on the classification system prescribed by MoEF for the Oil and Gas Exploration projects. For explanation of each of the land use category, the details as given in Table-3.3.2 were considered. TABLE-3.3.2 LAND USE/LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

Level I Level II Level III 1. Built-up land 1.1. Built-up land 1.1.1. Settlements 1.1.2. Industry/Institutional area 2. Agricltural land 2.1. Cropped land 2.1.1. Double cropped 2.1.2. Kharif irrigated 2.1.3. Kharif un-irrgated 2.2. Fallow - 2.3. Plantation - 3. Forest 3.1. Evergreen/Semi-evergreen 3.1.1. Dense 3.2. Degraded scrub land - 3.3. Forest blank 3.3.1. Degraded forest 3.3.2. Forest blank 3.4. Forest plantation - 4.1. Marshy/Swampy land - 4. Waste land 4.2. Land with or without scrub - 4.3. Sandy area (coast al) - 4.4. Barren rocky/stony waste/sheet rock areas - 5. Water bodies 5.1. River/Stream - 5.2. Lake/'reservoir/tank/canal - 5.3. Bay of Bengal - 6. Others 6.1. Shifting cultivation 6.1.1. Current 6.2. Mining area 6.2.1. Quary/mining area 6.2.2. Mining/Industrial dump

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• Data Requirements

IRS Resourcesat-2 LISS3 dated 31 st January 2013 was acquired for land use pattern and was used for the mapping and interpretation. Besides, other collateral data as available in the form of maps, charts, census records, other reports and especially topographical survey of India maps are used. In addition to this, ground truth survey was also conducted to verify and confirm the ground features.

• Methodology

The methodology adopted for preparation of land use/ land cover thematic map is monoscopic visual interpretation of geocoded scenes satellite image and colour cartographic map will be developed based on field observations. The various steps involved in the study are preparatory field work, field survey and post field work.

• Prefield Interpretation of Satellite Data

The False Color Composite (FCC) of IRS Resourcesat-2 LISS3 satellite data has been used for prefield interpretation work. Taking the help of toposheets, geology, geomorphology and by using the image elements the features are identified and delineated the boundaries roughly. Each feature is identified on image by their image elements like tone, texture, colour, shape, size, pattern and association. A tentative legend in terms of land cover and land use, physiography and erosion was formulated. The sample areas for field check are selected covering all the physiographic, land use/land cover feature cum image characteristics.

 Ground Truth Collection

Both toposheets and imagery were taken for field verification and a transverse plan using existing road network was made to cover as many representative sample areas as possible to observe the broad land use features and to adjust the sample areas according to field conditions. Detailed field observations and investigations were carried out and the land use features are noted on the imagery.

 Post Field Work

The base maps of the study area were prepared with the help of Survey of India toposheets. Preliminary interpreted land use and the land cover features boundaries from IRS Resourcesat-2 LISS3 False Colour Composite were modified in light of field information and the final thematic details were transferred onto the base maps. The final interpreted and classified thematic map was cartographed. The cartographic map was colored with standard colour coding and detailed description of feature with standard symbols. All the classes noted and marked by the standard legend on the map.

• Final Output

The final output would be the land use/land cover map numerals which were given different colour code for each category as shown in map. Area estimation of all features of Land use/Land cover categories was noted.

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• Observations

The following are the main interpreted land use/land cover classes of the study area and their respective extent are given in hectares in Table-3.3.3 as on date of satellite imagery. The thematic map and land use pattern of within 10 kmblock area radius based on IRS Resourcesat-2 LISS3 is shown in Figure-3.3.1 and Figure-3.3.2.

TABLE-3.3.3 LANDUSE BREAKUP BASED ON IRS RESOURCESAT-2 LISS3 DATED 31 ST JANUARY 2013

Area Area Sr.No. Land Use (Hectares) (%) Built-up Land 1 Settlements 2512 29.33 2 Industry/Institutional Land 10 0.11 Forest 3 Dry Deciduous Forest 0 0.00 4 Degraded Scrub Land 0 0.00 5 Forest Blank 0 0.00 Agricltural land 6 Plantation 1383 16.15 7 Double Crop/Irrigated Land 101 1.18 8 Other Agriculture Land 3994 46.63 9 Fallow Land 9 0.10 Waste Land 10 Land with Scrub 535 6.25 11 Land without Scrub 9 0.10 12 Rocky/Stony/Barren Land 0 0.00 13 Quary/Mining Land 0 0.00 Water Body 14 Stream/River/Tank/Reservoir 12 0.14 Total 8565 100.00 Source: IRS Resourcesat-2 LISS3 dated 31st January 2013

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FIGURE-3.3.1 SATELLITE IMAGERY OF THE STUDY AREA

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FIGURE-3.3.2 LAND USE PATTERN BASED ON SATELLITE DATA

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3.4 Soil Characteristics

For studying soil profile of the region, sampling locations were selected to assess the existing soil characteristics in and around the exploratory drilling area representing various land use conditions. The physical, chemical and heavy metal concentrations were determined. The samples were collected by ramming a core- cutter into the soil upto a depth of 90 cm. A total of 10 numbers of samples within the study area were collected and analyzed. The details of the soil sampling locations are given in Table-3.4.1 and are shown in Figure-3.4.1. The sampling has been carried out once in the study period representing winter season (Dec 2012 - Feb 2013).

TABLE-3.4.1 DETAILS OF SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS

Sampling Station Location S1 Kakojan S2 Mudaijan S3 Gaj puria S4 Rajai S5 Sundarpur S6 Naginijan TG S7 Solai bari S8 Budh baria S9 Morangaon S10 Lakhibari

The soil quality at all the locations during the study period is given in Table– 3.4.2. The results are compared with standard classification given in Table - 3.4.3.

3.4.1 Baseline Soil Status

o It has been observed that the texture of soil is mostly clay type in the study area. The pH of the soil 7.2 – 8.1 indicating that is slightly alkaline to moderately alkaline in nature. o The Electrical conductivity was recorded as 135 µS/cm to 315 µS/cm. Minimum concentration was observed at S10 and maximum concentration at S7 during the study period. o The Organic Carbon content in the study area observed as 0.11 % to 0.28 %, which the soil falls under very less to less category. o Available potassium was observed as minimum 73 Kg/ha at S10 and maximum observed as 145 Kg/ha at at S8 indicating that the soil falls under very less to less category. o Available Nitrogen was observed as 20 Kg/ha to 36.0 kg/ha. Minimum concentration is observed at site S10 and the maximum observed concentration observed at S5 and S8 locations. Based on the above values the soil falls under very less category. o Available phosphorous was observed as 35 kg/ha to 57 kg/ha in the study region. The minimum value observed at S10 location and the maximum was observed at S4 location. It shows the soil falls under medium to average sufficient category.

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FIGURE-3.4.1 SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS

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TABLE 3.4.2 SOIL ANALYSIS RESULTS

Sr.No. Location Unit S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 1 pH -- 8.1 7.9 8 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.7 7.6 7.9 7.2 2 Conductivity µs/cm 235 210 310 250 186 290 315 185 260 135 3 Texture -- Silty Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay Sandy clay loam silt 4 Sand % 12 9 7 12 11 14 13 10 9 42 5 Silt % 20 16 14 20 13 23 18 16 14 32 6 Clay % 68 75 79 68 76 63 69 74 77 26 7 Bulk Density g/cc 1.1 1.2 1.1 1 1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1 1 8 Exchangeable Calcium as Ca mg/kg 5325 5895 6670 7125 5760 5940 7080 4890 6725 4560 9 Exchangeable Magnesium as Mg mg/kg 525 612 598 540 638 570 610 570 565 365 10 Exchangeable Sodium as Na mg/kg 42 55.9 63.5 50.7 48.9 53.4 60.4 48.9 42.6 60 11 Exchangeable Potassium as K Kg/ha 94 102 115 89 105 130 115 145 120 73 12 Available Phosphorous as P Kg/ha 46 52 46 57 42 50 46 43 55 35 13 Available Nitrogen as N Kg/ha 25.5 31.2 21.3 29 36 20 27 36 30.5 20 14 Organic Matter % 0.43 0.32 0.39 0.24 0.32 0.48 0.67 0.41 0.37 0.19 15 Organic Carbon % 0.25 0.19 0.23 0.14 0.19 0.28 0.39 0.24 0.22 0.11 16 Water soluble chloride as Cl mg/kg 120 102 136 145 120 104 115 98.5 140 105

17 Water soluble sulphates as SO 4 mg/kg 35.4 40.2 32.4 35.6 40.5 46.5 58.14 40.2 39.4 36.5 18 Sodium Absorption Ratio -- 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.06 0.10 19 Aluminium % 1.23 0.99 1.32 1.24 1.08 1.14 1.35 1.44 1.18 1.08 20 Total Iron % 0.92 0.88 1.03 1.15 1.22 1.09 0.96 1.13 1.04 0.99 21 Manganese mg/kg 96.3 87.8 102.3 123.2 106.8 110.6 120.3 98 120 85 22 Boron mg/kg 43.3 52.2 35.5 30.65 49.8 56.5 42 50.6 46 38 23 Zinc mg/kg 70 58 64 59 63 55 72 65 57 62

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TABLE-3.4.3 STANDARD SOIL CLASSIFICATION

Sr. No. Soil Test Classification 1 pH <4.5 Extremely acidic 4.51- 5.50 Very strongly acidic 5.51-6.00 Moderately acidic 6.01-6.50 Slightly acidic 6.51-7.30 Neutral 7.31-7.80 Slightly alkaline 7.81-8.50 Moderately alkaline 8.51-9.00 Strongly alkaline >9.00 Very strongly alkaline 2 Salinity Electrical Conductivity Upto 1.00 Average (ppm) 1.01-2.00 harmful to germination (1 ppm =640 µmho/cm) 2.01-3.00 Harmful to crops (sensitive to salts) 3 Organic Carbon Upto 0.20: Very less 0.21-0.40: Less 0.41-0.50: Medium, 0.51-0.80: On an avg. sufficient 0.81-1.00: Sufficient >1.00 : More than sufficient 4 Nitrogen (Kg/ha) Upto 50 Very less 51-100 Less 101-150 Good 151-300 Better >300 Sufficient 5 Phosphorus (Kg/ha) Upto 15 Very less 16-30 Less 31-50 Medium, 51-65 On an avg. sufficient 66-80 Sufficient >80 More than sufficient 6 Potash (Kg/ha) 0 -120 Very less 120-180 Less 181-240 Medium 241-300 Average 301-360 Better >360 More than sufficient Source: Hand Book of Agriculture, ICAR, New Delhi

3.5 Meteorology

The meteorological data recorded during the monitoring period is very useful for proper interpretation of the baseline information as well as for input prediction models for air quality dispersion. Historical data on meteorological parameters will also play an important role in identifying the general meteorological regime of the region.

The year may broadly be divided into four seasons:

• Winter season : December to February • Pre-monsoon season : March to May • Monsoon season : June to September • Post-monsoon season : October to November

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3.5.1 Methodology

The methodology adopted for monitoring the surface meteorological conditions observations is as per the standard norms laid down by Bureau of Indian Standards (IS : 8829) and India Meteorological Department (IMD). On-site monitoring was undertaken for various meteorological variables in order to generate the site-specific data. Data was collected every hour continuously from 1st December 2012 to 28 th Febuary 2013.

3.5.1.1 Methodology of Data Generation

A Central Monitoring Station (CMS) equipped with continuous monitoring equipment was installed on top of a building at a height of 6 m above ground level to record wind speed, direction, relative humidity and temperature. The meteorological monitoring station was located in such a way that it is free from any obstructions and as per the guidelines specified under IS: 8829. Cloud cover was recorded by visual observation. Rainfall was monitored by using rain gauge.

The continuous recording meteorological instrument of Dynalab, Pune (Model No.WDL 1002) has been used for recording the met data. The sensitivity of the equipment is as given in Table-3.5.1 .

Secondary information on meteorological conditions has been collected from the nearest IMD station at Golaghat. The available meteorological data of IMD, Golaghat station has been collected and analyzed.

TABLE-3.5.1 SENSITIVITY OF METEOROLOGY MONITORING EQUIPMENT

Sr. No. Sensor Sensitivity 1 Wind speed Sensor ± 0.02 m/s 2 Wind direction Sensor ± 3 degrees 3 Temperature Sensor ± 0.2 oC

3.5.1.2 Sources of Information

Secondary information on meteorological conditions has been collected from the nearest IMD station at Golaghat. The available meteorological data of IMD, Golaghat station has been collected for the past 10 years and analyzed.

3.5.2 Presentation of Data

3.5.2.1 Meteorological Data Recorded at IMD, Golaghat

The meteorological data is collected from IMD - Golaghat, which is the nearest IMD station to the project site. The data collected from IMD includes wind speed, wind direction (recorded in sixteen directions) , temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure; rainfall and cloud cover over a period of past 10 years . The monthly maximum, minimum and average values are collected for all the parameters except wind speed and direction. All these parameters are recorded

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twice a day viz at 0830 and 1730 hours. The collected data is tabulated in Table- 3.5.2 .

3.5.2.2 Meteorological Data Generated at site

The meteorological parameters are recorded on hourly basis during the study period from 1st December 2012 to 28 th Febuary 2013 and the parameters recorded at site include wind speed, wind direction (from 0 to 360 degrees), temperature, relative humidity, rainfall and cloud cover.

3.5.3 Analysis of the Data Recorded at IMD – GolaghatSynthesis of Data on Climatic Conditions

3.5.3.1 Analysis of the Data Recorded at IMD – Golaghat

1] Temperature

The winter season starts from December and continues till the end of February. January is the coolest month with the mean daily maximum temperature at 29.2 0C and the mean daily minimum temperature at 6.8 0C. Both the night and day temperatures increase rapidly during the onset of the pre-monsoon season from March to May. During pre-monsoon season, the mean maximum temperature was observed to be 35.7 0C with the mean minimum temperature at 11.1 0C. The mean maximum temperature in the monsoon season was observed to be 36.0 0C in the month of June whereas the mean minimum temperature was observed to be 21.6 0C in the month of June. During post-monsoon season, the mean maximum temperature was observed to be 32.9 0C with the mean minimum temperature at 11.4 0C. The monthly variations of temperature are presented in Table-3.5.2 .

2] Relative Humidity

The air is generally humid in this region during the monsoon season when the relative humidity was observed to be 86% with a maximum and a minimum of 54%. Generally, the weather during other seasons was observed to be dry. The monthly variations in the relative humidity are presented in Table-3.5.2 .

3] Atmospheric Pressure

The maximum pressure observed was 1007.0 mb occurring during the winter season, in the month of January. The minimum pressure observed was 987.5 mb occurring during the month of July in the monsoon season. It can be seen from the data that not much variations are observed in the average atmospheric pressure levels. The pressure levels are found to be fairly consistent over the region. The monthly variations in the pressure levels are presented in Table- 3.5.2.

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TABLE-3.5.2 CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA STATION: IMD, GOLAGHAT (1951-1980)

Month Atmospheric Pressure Temperature Relative Humidity (mb) (0C) (%) Rainfall Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean (mm) Max Min Max Min Max Min January 1007.0 1002.2 26.3 6.8 78 57 16.1 February 1003.6 999.4 29.2 7.9 79 58 26.3 March 1001.8 996.9 33.6 11.1 75 54 54.5 April 999.3 994.9 35.0 15.3 77 63 132.5 May 995.6 991.2 35.7 19.0 83 73 319.2 June 992.1 988.4 36.0 21.6 85 77 270.5 July 991.7 987.5 35.8 22.7 86 77 330.7 August 992.6 988.9 35.6 22.8 86 76 299.1 September 995.8 992.0 35.6 21.9 84 77 165.7 October 1000.9 997.2 32.9 17.7 83 75 109.5 November 1004.2 1000.9 29.9 11.4 81 67 14.3 December 1005.7 1001.9 27.5 7.8 83 66 13.5 Total Rainfall 1751.9 Formatted: Right Source: IMD Golaghat (1951-1980 ) Formatted: Font: Bold 4] Rainfall

The average annual rainfall based on the 10 year IMD data, was observed to be 1751.9 mm. The monsoon sets in the month of June and continues till September and sometime extends upto mid October. The maximum amount of rainfall (330.7 mm) occurs in the month of July. Monthly variations in the rainfall are given in Table-3.5.2.

5) Wind Speed/Direction

Generally, light to moderate winds prevails throughout the year. Winds were light and moderate particularly during the morning hours. While during the afternoon hours the winds were stronger. The season wise discussion of the respective wind Pattern is given as below:

A) Wind Pattern during Pre-Monsoon Season

0830 Hours:

A review of the wind rose diagram shows that predominant winds are mostly from NW and SE directions followed by NE direction (Figure-3.5.1). Calm conditions prevailed for 71.2% of the total time.

1730 Hours:

A review of the wind rose diagram shows that predominant winds are mostly from NW and SE directions followed by NE direction (Figure-3.5.1). Calm conditions prevailed for 72.4% of the total time.

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B) Wind Pattern during Monsoon Season

0830 Hours:

A review of the wind rose diagram shows that predominant winds are mostly from NW and SE directions followed by NE direction (Figure-3.5.2). Calm conditions prevailed for 75.4% of the total time.

1730 Hours:

A review of the wind rose diagram shows that predominant winds are mostly from NW and SE directions followed by NE direction (Figure-3.5.2). Calm conditions prevailed for 78.3% of the total time.

C) Wind Pattern during Post-Monsoon Season

0830 Hours:

A review of the wind rose diagram shows that predominant winds are mostly from NE and NW directions followed by SE direction (Figure-3.5.3). Calm conditions prevailed for 77.6% of the total time.

1730 Hours:

A review of the wind rose diagram shows that predominant winds are mostly from NE and NW directions followed by SE direction (Figure-3.5.3). Calm conditions prevailed for 83.4% of the total time.

D) Wind Pattern during Winter Season

0830 Hours:

A review of the wind rose diagram shows that predominant winds are mostly from SE and NE directions followed by NW direction (Figure-3.5.4). Calm conditions prevailed for 80.9% of the total time.

1730 Hours:

A review of the wind rose diagram shows that predominant winds are mostly from NE and SE directions followed by NW direction (Figure-3.5.4). Calm conditions prevailed for 82.1% of the total time.

E) Annual Wind Pattern

0830 Hours:

A review of the wind rose diagram shows that predominant winds are mostly from NW and SE directions followed by NE direction (Figure-3.5.5). Calm conditions prevailed for 76.2% of the total time.

1730 Hours:

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-17 Environmental Impact Assessment report for Proposed Exploratory Drilling in AA-ONN-2009/3 Block NELP-VIII at Teok Village, Jorhat District, Assam Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

A review of the wind rose diagram shows that predominant winds are mostly from NW and SE directions followed by NE direction (Figure-3.5.5). Calm conditions prevailed for 78.5% of the total time.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-18 Environmental Impact Assessment report for Proposed Exploratory Drilling in AA-ONN-2009/3 Block NELP-VIII at Teok Village, Jorhat District, Assam Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

9.8 % NW % 5.3 E N 1.2%N

1.2% W C-71.2% E 1.2%

SW % 1.2 SE 8.7% 0.2%S

Pre-Monsoon

08:30 hr

1 0 .3 % NW

.0% 5 NE

0.3%N

1.7% W C-72.4% E 1.3%

% SW .7 0 SE 8 .3 % Pre-Monsoon

17:30 hr

SCALE 5%

SPEED CALM 1 5 11 19 >19 Km/hr

FIGURE-3.5.1 IMD GOLAGHAT-PRE MONSOON SEASON

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-19 Environmental Impact Assessment report for Proposed Exploratory Drilling in AA-ONN-2009/3 Block NELP-VIII at Teok Village, Jorhat District, Assam Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

7.0% NW

%

1.5% N NE 3.4

0.6% W C-75.4% E 0.9%

W S SE 6.1% % .8 2 S 2.3%

Monsoon 08:30 hr

8 .5 % NW % .0 4 NE N 1.0% N

0.5% W C-78.3% E 0.3%

SW % S 3 E . 5 1 .3

0.8% S %

Monsoon

17:30 hr

SCALE 5%

SPEED CALM 1 5 11 19 >19 Km/hr

FIGURE-3.5.2 IMD GOLAGHAT-MONSOON SEASON

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-20 Environmental Impact Assessment report for Proposed Exploratory Drilling in AA-ONN-2009/3 Block NELP-VIII at Teok Village, Jorhat District, Assam Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

6 .3 % NW

NE 7.5%

N 0.5%

0.8% W C-77.6% E 1.0%

S % SW E .5 4 1 .5% 0.3% 0.3% S

Post-Monsoon 08:30 hr

5 .5% .5% 6 NW NE

0.5% W C-83.4% E 0.5%

W SE 2.5% S

1.1%

Post-Monsoon 17:30 hr

SCALE 5%

SPEED CALM

1 5 11 19 >19 Km/hr

FIGURE-3.5.3 IMD GOLAGHAT-POST MONSOON SEASON

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-21 Environmental Impact Assessment report for Proposed Exploratory Drilling in AA-ONN-2009/3 Block NELP-VIII at Teok Village, Jorhat District, Assam Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

4.2% NW % 3 5. E N

N 0.5%

C-80.9% E 1.3%

W S SE 5. .5%

1 S 0.5% 8 %

Winter 08:30 hr

4 % .0% NW NE 6.3

N 0.3%

C-82.1% E 0.3%

SE 1.3% SW 5 .7 %

Winter

17:30 hr

SCALE 5% SPEED CALM

1 5 11 19 >19 Km/hr

FIGURE-3.5.4 IMD GOLAGHAT-WINTER SEASON

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-22 Environmental Impact Assessment report for Proposed Exploratory Drilling in AA-ONN-2009/3 Block NELP-VIII at Teok Village, Jorhat District, Assam Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

6. 9% NW 5.0% E N

1.0% N

0.6% W C-76.2% E 1.1%

W S % 8 SE 1. 6

1.0% 1.0% S .4%

Annual 08:30 hr

7.3% NW

NE 5.3%

N 0.5%N

0.7% W C-78.5% E 0.6%

W S % 1 SE 1. 5.7% 0.3%S

Annual 17:30 hr

SCALE 5% SPEED CALM

1 5 11 19 >19 Km/hr

FIGURE-3.5.5 IMD GOLAGHAT-ANNUAL WINDROSE

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-23 Environmental Impact Assessment report for Proposed Exploratory Drilling in AA-ONN-2009/3 Block NELP-VIII at Teok Village, Jorhat District, Assam Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

3.5.3.2 Observations on Primary Data 3.5.4 Observations on Primary Data

The site specific data is presented in Table-3.5.3 and discussed below:

TABLE-3.5.3 SUMMARY OF THE METEOROLOGICAL DATA GENERATED AT SITE

Month Temperature ( 0C) Relative Humidity (%) Rainfall (mm) Max. Min. Max. Min. Dec-2012 15.1 6.4 78 69 Nil Jan -2013 14 .3 5.8 75 58 Nil Feb-2013 15.9 6.7 74 55 3.0

1] Temperature

Maximum temperature of 15.9oC and minimum temperature of 5.8 o0C was recorded during the study period.

2] Relative Humidity

During the period of observation the Relative Humidity recorded ranged from 55% to 78%.

3] Rainfall

Total 3.0 mm rainfall was recorded in the month of Febraury during the study period.

4] Wind Speed/Direction

The wind rose for the study period representing winter season is shown in Figure-3.5.6 . A review of the wind rose diagram shows that predominant winds are mostly from SE followed by NW. Next predominants are NE & E direction. Calm conditions prevailed for 68.7% of the total time.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-24 Environmental Impact Assessment report for Proposed Exploratory Drilling in AA-ONN-2009/3 Block NELP-VIII at Teok Village, Jorhat District, Assam Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

N W 6. % N 1 N % W 9 % . 0 NE 5.7 0 . E 8 1.6% N N % N W NW 8% 0. 0.5 NE % E W 0.9% C-68.7% E 2.4%

5% ES 0. E W 1.1 S S % W % S .8% 3 0 . E 0 S 1.9% 0 SW . W 5 S % SE S 6.5%

SCALE 5%

SPEED CALM

1 5 11 19 >19 Km/hr

FIGURE-3.5.6 SITE SPECIFIC WINDROSE-WINTER SEASON

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-25 Environmental Impact Assessment report for Proposed Exploratory Drilling in AA-ONN-2009/3 Block NELP-VIII at Teok Village, Jorhat District, Assam Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

3.6 Ambient Air Quality

The ambient air quality with respect to the study zone around the proposed block forms the baseline information. The prime objective of the baseline air quality study was to assess the existing air quality of the area. This will also be useful for assessing the conformity to standards of the ambient air quality during the operation of proposed drilling project.

The ambient air quality monitoring was conducted from 1st December 2012 to 28 th Febuary 2013 representing winter season. Subsequently after TOR meeting, it was decided to conduct the ambient air quality monitoring for the parameters like PM 2.5 , PM 10 , SO2, NOx , VOCs, THC, Methane and Non-methane Hydrocarbon.

This section describes the selection of sampling locations, methodology adopted for sampling, analytical techniques and frequency of sampling. The ambient air quality monitoring was conducted from 1st December 2012 to 28 th Febuary 2013 representing winter season.

3.6.1 Methodology Adopted for Air Quality Survey

Selection of Sampling Locations

The baseline status of the ambient air quality has been assessed through a scientifically designed ambient air quality monitoring network. The design of monitoring network in the air quality surveillance program has been based on the following considerations:

• Meteorological conditions on synoptic scale; • Topography of the study area; • Representatives of regional background air quality for obtaining baseline status; • Representatives of likely impact areas.

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM) stations were set up at twelve locations with due consideration to the above mentioned points. Table-3.6.1 gives the details of environmental setting around each monitoring station. The locations of the selected stations with reference to the proposed block are given in the same table and depicted in Figure-3.6.1 .

Frequency and Parameters for Sampling

Ambient air quality monitoring was carried out at a frequency of two days per week for three month at each location covering from 1st December 2012 to 28 th Febuary 2013 representing winter season. The baseline data of air environment was monitored for parameters mentioned below:

Winter Season (1st December 2012 to 28 th Febuary 2013)

• Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 ); • Particulate Matter (PM 10 ); • Sulphur dioxide (SO 2); • Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx); • Volatile Organic Carbon (VOCs); Formatted: Font: Bold VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-26 Environmental Impact Assessment report for Proposed Exploratory Drilling in AA-ONN-2009/3 Block NELP-VIII at Teok Village, Jorhat District, Assam Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

• • Total HyderocarbonHC ; • Methane Hydrocarbon;and • Non-methane Hydrocarbon Formatted: Justified, Indent: Left: 1.27 cm The AAQ sampling is carried out as the present revised standards mentioned in the latest Gazette notification of the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) (November, 2009). TABLE-3.6.1 DETAILS OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING

Monitoring Name of the Station Direction Distance Station From TEOK - A AAQ1 Pirakola NW 0.7 Formatted: Font: Not Bold AAQ2 Gajpuria ENE 1.5 AAQ3 Bailunggaon S 0.6 AAQ4 Rajai SSW 2.6 AAQ5 Gohaingaon W 1.8 From TEOK - B AAQ6 Sundarpur NE 2.5 AAQ7 Kakajan TG ENE 1.5 AAQ8 Near Nagadera SE 1.5 From TEOK - DB Formatted: Not Highlight AAQ9 Nakachari TGNahat Formatted: Indent: Left: 1.31 cm, Bulleted + Level: 2 + Tippamia Aligned at: 2.54 cm + Indent at: 3.17 cm AAQ10 Baidiha TGBalamanahat AAQ11 Jetukiagaon WNW 3.0 Formatted: Subscript, Not Highlight From TEOK - FB Formatted: Not Highlight AAQ1 12 BangaonKamalpur Formatted: Subscript, Not Highlight AAQ12 Khatoalgaon Formatted: Not Highlight 3.6.2 Presentation of Primary Data Formatted: Not Highlight

Formatted: Not Highlight Various statistical parameters like 98 th percentile, average, maximum and minimum values have been computed from the observed raw data for all the AAQ Formatted: Not Highlight monitoring stations. The results of monitoring carried out are presented in Formatted: Not Highlight Annexure-V. The summary of these results representing part of winter season are Formatted: Not Highlight given in Table-3.6.2. These are compared with the standards prescribed by Formatted: Not Highlight Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). Formatted: Not Highlight
Summary of Observations –Winter season (2012-2013) Formatted: Not Highlight Formatted: Indent: Left: 0.04 cm, First line: 0 cm o Out of the twelve locations the minimum and maximum concentration for PM 10 3 3 Formatted: Indent: Left: 1.31 cm, Bulleted + Level: 2 + and PM 2.5 were varied between 39.4 to 49.8 µg/m and 12.4 to 16.9 µg/m Aligned at: 2.54 cm + Indent at: 3.17 cm respectively during the study period. The concentrations of SO2 and NOx were Formatted: Not Highlight varied between 8.2 to 14.5 µg/m 3 and 12.8 to 20.2 µg/m 3 respectively. All Formatted: Not Highlight ambient air quality locations the PM 2.5 levels recorded are within the prescribed standards for Residential and Industrial areas. Formatted: Not Highlight Formatted: Not Highlight o Out of the twelve locations the minimum and maximum concentration for total Formatted: Not Highlight hydrocarbons, methane hydrocarbons and non-methane hydrocarbons during the study period were observed as 208 to 289 µg/m 3, 126 to 159 µg/m 3 and 72 Formatted: Not Highlight to 134 µg/m 3 respectively. Formatted: Not Highlight Formatted: Indent: Left: 0.04 cm VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-27 Environmental Impact Assessment report for Proposed Exploratory Drilling in AA-ONN-2009/3 Block NELP-VIII at Teok Village, Jorhat District, Assam Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

o The concentrations of VOCs were below the detectable limits in all the locations Formatted: Indent: Left: 1.31 cm, Bulleted + Level: 2 + during the study period. Aligned at: 2.54 cm + Indent at: 3.17 cm
Duration of Sampling

The sampling duration for PM 10 , PM 2.5 , SO 2 and NOx are twenty four hourly continuous samples per day. This is to allow a comparison with the present revised standards mentioned in the latest Gazette notification of the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) (November, 2009).

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-28 Environmental Impact Assessment report for Proposed Exploratory Drilling in AA-ONN-2009/3 Block NELP-VIII at Teok Village, Jorhat District, Assam Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

N W 6 N .1% N % W 9 . 0 NE 5.7% 0 . E 8 N1.6% N % N W NW .8% 0 E 0 .5% EN W 0.9% C-68.7% E 2.4% % ES 0.5 E W 1.1 S S % W % 8% S . 3 . E 0 1.9% S 0 SW 0 . W 5 S % SE 6 S . 5%

FIGURE-3.6.1 SCALE 5% SPEED CALM AIR QUALITY SAMPLING LOCATIONS 1 5 11 19 >19 Km/hr

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-29 Formatted ... [2] Formatted ... [3] Formatted ... [4] Formatted ... [5] Formatted Environmental Impact Assessment report for Proposed Exploratory Drilling in AA-ONN-2009/3 Block NELP-VIII at Teok Village, Jorhat ... [1] District, Assam Formatted ... [6] Chapter -3 Formatted Baseline Environmental Status ... [7]

Formatted ... [8] TABLE-3.6.2 Formatted ... [9] SUMMARY OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY RESULTS (WINTER SEASON, 2012-2013) Formatted ... [10] 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Monitoring Locations PM10 ( µDg/m ) PM2.5 (µg/m )(Dg/m ) SO 2 (µg/m )(Dg/m ) NOx (µg/m )(Dg/m ) Formatted ... [11] Station Max Min Avg 98 th Max Min Avg 98 th Max Min Avg 98 th Max Min Avg 98 th %le %le %le %le Formatted ... [12] AAQ1 45.71 40.17. 43.89. 45.41 15.34 13.52 14.33 15.34. 11.0 8.24 9.96 11.07. 15.9 12.89 14.51 15.9 Formatted ... [13] PirakolaPirakola 0.7 6 0 0.4 .3 .5 .3 3 7.5 .7 .4 5 12.4 .3 1.0 12.4 AAQ2 45.91 41.87. 43.28. 45.31 15.93 13.12 15.13 15.93. 14.4 11.8 13.0 14.48. 18.5 14.59 16.61 18.2 Formatted ... [14] GajpuriaGajpuria 0.3 5 7 0.3 .8 .6 .1 8 8.5 5.9 7.1 5 13.6 .6 1.7 13.3 Formatted ... [15] AAQ3 BailunggaonBailung 45.69 43.47. 44.78. 45.69. 14.93 13.72 14.43 14.83. 13.1 10.3 11.4 13.18. 18.2 15.09 16.61 18.2 gaon .6 4 7 6 .7 .5 .2 6 8.4 5.6 6.7 4 12.5 .3 0.9 12.5 Formatted ... [16] AAQ4 44.11 41.47. 42.78. 43.99. 13.63 12.62 13.13 13.63. 12.4 9.75 11.1 12.38. 18.1 14.39 15.91 17.7 Formatted RajaiRajai 0.1 4 7 9 .7 .7 .2 7 8.6 .9 7.3 5 13.1 .4 1.1 12.7 ... [17] AAQ5 GohaingaonGohaing 49.89 46.67. 47.98. 49.29. 16.53 14.72 15.33 16.23. 13.7 10.5 11.9 13.68. 18.7 15.49 17.21 18.6 Formatted ... [18] aon .6 6 8 6 .9 .6 .2 8 8.5 5.8 6.8 4 12.5 .2 0.9 12.4 Formatted AAQ6 SundarpurSundarpu 46.39 43.77. 44.98. 46.29. 15.93 14.22 14.73 15.63. 12.7 9.55 10.8 12.68. 17.9 14.39 16.11 17.9 ... [19] r .8 2 4 7 .6 .6 .0 5 8.5 .3 6.6 4 12.7 .1 0.9 12.7 Formatted ... [20] AAQ7 Kakajan TGKakajan 43.19 41.17. 42.18. 42.98. 14.33 13.32 13.92 14.33. 13.2 10.7 11.6 12.87. 19.8 15.79 17.51 19.4 Formatted TG .1 1 1 9 .3 .3 .9 3 8.3 5.8 6.7 9 13.6 .5 1.2 13.2 ... [21] AAQ8 Near Nagadera Near 45.7 8 41.2 7. 43.8 8. 45.4 8. 14.3 3 12.4 2 13.8 2 14.3 3. 12.1 9.3 5 10.8 12.0 8. 18.1 15.3 9 16.8 1 18.0 Formatted Table ... [22] Nagadera .6 1 0 6 .3 .1 .9 3 8.1 .3 6.8 0 11.9 .4 0.7 11.9 Formatted AAQ9 Nahat ... [23] TippamiaNakachari 45.79 39.47. 43.88. 45.49. 14.53 12.52 13.93 14.53. 12.3 9.45 10.6 12.38. 18.3 15.49 16.61 18.3 Formatted ... [24] TG .2 2 3 1 .5 .3 .0 5 8.3 .4 6.6 3 14.4 .3 0.9 13.2 AAQ10 BalamanahatBaidiha 44.29 42.37. 43.28. 44.19. 15.63 14.22 15.13 15.63. 13.5 10.4 12.1 13.38. 20.2 16.69 17.91 19.5 Formatted ... [25] TG .2 3 2 1 .5 .5 .0 5 8.6 5.9 7.6 6 12.8 .2 0.4 12.1 Formatted ... [26] AAQ11 48.9 8 47.3 7. 48.2 8. 48.9 8. 16.9 3 12.4 2 15.7 2 16.9 3. 14.5 12.4 13.5 14.5 7. 18.7 16.2 9 17.4 1 18.6 BangaonJetukiagaon .9 3 2 9 .3 .5 .9 3 7.5 5.4 6.5 5 11.7 .2 0.4 11.6 Formatted ... [27] AAQ12 KhatoalgaonKamalp 49.61 46.37. 48.29. 49.61 16.54 14.12 15.43 16.54. 13.6 11.5 12.6 13.67. 18.9 16.39 17.41 18.9 Formatted ... [28] ur 0.6 3 2 0.6 .5 .6 .3 2 7.6 5.5 6.6 6 11.9 .3 0.4 11.9 Range 39.4-49.87.1-10.7 12.4-16.92.1-4.5 8.2-14.54.7-8.6 12.8-20.29.1-14.4 Formatted ... [29] Min - Max Formatted ... [30] TABLE-3.6.2 (Contd…) SUMMARY OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY RESULTS (WINTER SEASON, 2012-2013) Formatted ... [31] Formatted 3 3 3 3 ... [32] Monitoring Locations THC (µg/m )(Dg/m ) CH 4 HC (µg/m )(Dg/m ) Non-CH 4 HC Station (µg/m3)(Dg/m3) Formatted ... [33] Formatted VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-30 ... [34] Formatted ... [35] Formatted ... [36] Formatted ... [37] Formatted ... [38] Formatted ... [39] Formatted ... [40] Formatted ... [41] Formatted ... [42] Formatted ... [43] Formatted ... [44] Formatted ... [202] Formatted ... [204] Formatted ... [205] Formatted ... [206] Formatted Environmental Impact Assessment report for Proposed Exploratory Drilling in AA-ONN-2009/3 Block NELP-VIII at Teok Village, Jorhat ... [207] District, Assam Formatted ... [208] Chapter -3 Formatted Baseline Environmental Status ... [209]

Formatted ... [210] Max Min Avg 98 th Max Min Avg 98 th Max Min Avg 98 th Formatted ... [211] %le %le %le AAQ1 2612 2222 2382 25927 1571 126 141 15715 1191 1191 Formatted ... [212] PirakolaPirakola 74 35 55 3 57 126 141 7 19 8181 9797 19 Formatted Table ... [203] AAQ2 2862 2202 2502 28029 1531 135 144 15315 1341 1051 1281 GajpuriaGajpuria 98 35 60 1 53 135 144 3 34 7575 05 28 Formatted ... [215] AAQ3 BailunggaonBailung 2612 2162 2402 26028 1521 132 143 15215 1201 1181 Formatted ... [213] gaon 88 29 58 5 52 132 143 2 20 7373 9797 18 AAQ4 2772 2252 2502 27728 1551 135 146 15515 1251 1041 1241 Formatted ... [214] RajaiRajai 86 35 63 5 55 135 146 5 25 8181 04 24 Formatted ... [216] AAQ5 GohaingaonGohaing 2893 2172 2472 28029 1571 132 144 15715 1321 1021 1251 aon 08 30 61 8 57 132 144 7 32 7676 02 25 Formatted ... [217] AAQ6 SundarpurSundarpu 2802 2082 2452 27728 1581 134 143 15815 1261 1011 1251 Formatted r 93 21 58 9 58 134 143 8 26 7272 01 25 ... [218] AAQ7 Kakajan T GKakajan 281 2 230 2 255 2 280 28 157 1 134 145 157 15 131 1 109 1 129 1 Formatted ... [219] TG 90 36 62 9 57 134 145 7 31 8787 09 29 Formatted AAQ8 Near NagaderaNear 2742 2192 2472 26928 1541 134 142 15415 1231 1051 1221 ... [220] Nagadera 84 26 57 4 54 134 142 4 23 8080 05 22 Formatted ... [221] AAQ9 Nahat Formatted TippamiaNakachari 2782 2162 2472 27428 1521 134 142 15215 1311 1041 1281 ... [222] TG 88 23 57 5 52 134 142 2 31 8080 04 28 Formatted ... [223] AAQ10 BalamanahatBaidiha 2852 2232 2462 27829 1541 135 143 15315 1331 1031 1291 Formatted TG 98 31 59 0 54 135 143 3 33 8181 03 29 ... [224] AAQ11 2682 2202 2462 26728 1551 135 145 15415 1211 1011 1201 Formatted ... [225] BangaonJetukiagaon 88 37 61 5 55 135 145 4 21 7878 01 20 AAQ12 KhatoalgaonKamalp 2742 2272 2482 27328 1591 133 143 15915 1261 1041 1231 Formatted ... [227] ur 86 37 58 4 59 133 143 9 26 8383 04 23 Formatted ... [228] Range 208 -289 221 -308 126 -159 126 -159 72 -134 72 -134 Min - Max Formatted ... [226] Formatted ... [229] Formatted ... [230] Formatted ... [231] Formatted ... [232] Formatted ... [233] Formatted ... [234] Formatted VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-31 ... [235] Formatted ... [236] Formatted ... [237] Formatted ... [238] Formatted ... [241] Formatted ... [239] Formatted ... [240] Formatted ... [242] Formatted ... [243] Formatted ... [244] Formatted ... [245] Environmental Impact Assessment report for Proposed Exploratory Drilling in AA-ONN-2009/3 Block NELP-VIII at Teok Village, Jorhat District, Assam Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

3.6.2 Presentation of Primary Data

Various statistical parameters like 98 th percentile, average, maximum and minimum values have been computed from the observed raw data for all the AAQ monitoring stations. The results of monitoring carried out are presented in Annexure-V. The summary of these results representing part of winter season are given in Table-3.6.2. These are compared with the standards prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB).

Summary of Observations –Winter season (2012-2013)

PM 2.5 Formatted: Highlight

Out of the twelve locations the maximum concentration for Particulate Matter 3 (PM 2.5 ) was observed as 4.5 µg/m recorded at AAQ12 with the minimum Formatted: Highlight 3 concentration observed as 2.1 µg/m recorded at AAQ8 during the study period. All Formatted: Highlight ambient air quality locations the PM 2.5 levels recorded are within the prescribed Formatted: Highlight standards for Residential and Industrial areas. Formatted: Highlight PM 10

The maximum concentration for Particulate Matter (PM 10 ) observed in twelve Formatted: Highlight 3 locations as 10.7 µg/m recorded at AAQ1 the minimum concentration is recorded Formatted: Highlight as 7.1 µg/m 3 at AAQ7 & AAQ8 during the study period. Formatted: Highlight

SO 2 Formatted: Highlight Formatted: Highlight In the twelve locations the maximum concentration for Sulphur dioxide (SO 2) was Formatted: Highlight observed as 8.6 µg/m 3 recorded at AAQ4 & AAQ10 and the minimum concentration Formatted: Highlight observed as 4.7 µg/m 3 recorded at AAQ1 during the study period. Formatted: Highlight NOx Formatted: Highlight Formatted: Highlight Out of the twelve locations the maximum concentration for Oxides of Nitrogen Formatted: Highlight (NOx) was observed as 14.4 µg/m 3 recorded at AAQ9 and the minimum concentration observed at 9.1 µg/m 3 recorded at AAQ6 during the study period. Formatted: Highlight Formatted: Highlight Hydrocarbons Formatted: Highlight

Formatted: Highlight The maximum concentration observed as 308 µg/m 3 recorded at AAQ5 and minimum concentration for Hydrocarbons was recorded at AAQ6 is 221 µg/m 3 Formatted: Highlight during the study period. Formatted: Highlight Formatted: Highlight Methane Hydrocarbons Formatted: Highlight

Out of the twelve locations the minimum and maximum concentration for Methane Formatted: Highlight hydrocarbons was observed as 126 µg/m 3 to 159 µg/m 3 respectively. The Formatted: Highlight maximum concentration was recorded at AAQ12 and minimum concentration was Formatted: Highlight recorded at AAQ1. Formatted: Highlight

Formatted: Highlight

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-32 Environmental Impact Assessment report for Proposed Exploratory Drilling in AA-ONN-2009/3 Block NELP-VIII at Teok Village, Jorhat District, Assam Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

Non-methane Hydrocarbons

Out of all the locations the minimum and maximum non-methane hydrocarbon concentrations were recorded as 72 µg/m 3 to 134 µg/m 3. The maximum Formatted: Highlight concentration was recorded at AAQ2 and minimum concentration was recorded at Formatted: Highlight AAQ6. Formatted: Highlight

3.7 Water Quality Formatted: Highlight

Selected water quality parameters of ground water and surface water resources within block area for the study has been carried out for assessing the water environment and evaluate anticipated impact of present project. Understanding the water quality is essential in preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment and to identify critical issues with a view to suggest appropriate mitigation measures for implementation.

The purpose of this study is to:

• Assess the water quality characteristics for critical parameters; and • Predict the impact of water quality due to the proposed block and related activities.

Three surface water sources and seven groundwater sources covering entire block area were examined for physico-chemical, heavy metals and bacteriological parameters.

The samples were collected and analysed once during the study period. The samples were analyzed as per the procedures specified in 'Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater' published by American Public Health Association (APHA).

3.7.1 Water Sampling Locations

In the study area, three surface and seven ground water samples were collected for winter season (December 2012 to February 2013).These samples were taken as grab samples and were analyzed for various parameters to compare with the standards. The water sampling locations are listed below in Table-3.7.1 and are depicted in Figure-3.7.1 . The results of monitoring of surface and ground samples carried out for the study are presented in Table-3.7.2 and Table 3.7.3.

TABLE-3.7.1 DETAILS OF WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS

Sr. No. Sampling Location Direction Distance Location Surface Water 1 SW1 Rajoipothinadi SW 3.1 # 2 SW2 Budhbaria nalla E 5.3 * 3 SW3 Kakojam Nalla WNW 3.2 # Ground Water 1 GW1 Kakojam NW 4.0 2 GW2 Mudoijam NNE 2.0 # 3 GW3 Gujpuria ENE 1.5 #

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-33 Environmental Impact Assessment report for Proposed Exploratory Drilling in AA-ONN-2009/3 Block NELP-VIII at Teok Village, Jorhat District, Assam Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

Sr. No. Sampling Location Direction Distance Location 4 GW4 Rajoi SSW 2.6 # 5 GW5 Sundarpue NE 2.9 # 6 GW6 Budhbaria E 4.1 * 7 GW7 Morangaon ESE 4.6 * Note: #-Distance from TEOK-A and *-Distance from TEOK-B

3.7.2 Presentation of Results

 Surface Water Quality

The results for the surface water samples analysed are presented in Table 3.7.2 and are compared with the IS-10500 standards.

TABLE-3.7.1 DETAILS OF WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS

Sr. No. Sampling Location Direction Distance Formatted Table Location Surface Water 1 SW1 Rajoipothinadi SW 3.1 # 2 SW2 Budhbaria nalla E 5.3 * 3 SW3 Kakojam Nalla WNW 3.2 # Ground Water 1 GW1 Kakojam NW 4.0 2 GW2 Mudoijam NNE 2.0 # 3 GW3 Gujpuria ENE 1.5 # 4 GW4 Rajoi SSW 2.6 # 5 GW5 Sundarpue NE 2.9 # 6 GW6 Budhbaria E 4.1 * 7 GW7 Morangaon ESE 4.6 * Note: #-Distance from TEOK-A and *-Distance from TEOK-B

The analysis results of surface water samples indicate that the pH value was observed to be 7.3 - 7.9 which are well within the specified standards of 6.5 to 8.5

Electrical conductivity of surface water samples was observed to be 121 - 152.

The Dissolved solids were observed about 70 - 90 mg/l.

Sulphates were found to be in the range of 2.2 – 15.1 mg/l, and Nitrates were found to be in the range of 0.4 – 1.81 mg/l which are with in the prescribed limits only.

Fluoride concentration was found to be 0.7 – 0.8 mg/l the samples, which depicts within the range compared to standard limits as 1.5 mg/l.

Cyanides and Phenolic compounds found to be less than detection limits.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-34 Environmental Impact Assessment report for Proposed Exploratory Drilling in AA-ONN-2009/3 Block NELP-VIII at Teok Village, Jorhat District, Assam Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-35 Environmental Impact Assessment report for Proposed Exploratory Drilling in AA-ONN-2009/3 Block NELP-VIII at Teok Village, Jorhat District, Assam Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

FIGURE-3.7.1 WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS 3.7.2 Presentation of Results

 Surface Water Quality

The results for the surface water samples analysed are presented in Table 3.7.2 and are compared with the IS-10500 standards.

The analysis results of surface water samples indicate that the pH value was observed to be 7.3 - 7.9 which are well within the specified standards of 6.5 to 8.5

Electrical conductivity of surface water samples was observed to be 121 - 152.

The Dissolved solids were observed about 70 - 90 mg/l.

Sulphates were found to be in the range of 2.2 – 15.1 mg/l, and Nitrates were found to be in the range of 0.4 – 1.81 mg/l which are with in the prescribed limits only.

Fluoride concentration was found to be 0.7 – 0.8 mg/l the samples, which depicts within the range compared to standard limits as 1.5 mg/l.

Cyanides and Phenolic compounds found to be less than detection limits.

 Ground Water Quality

The results for the ground water samples analysed are presented in Table 3.7.3.

The analysis results of ground water samples showed the pH in range of 7.2- 7.8. The maximum value was observed at GW5 and the minimum value observed at GW1 whereas the prescribed limit of is 6.5 to 8.5.

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-36 Environmental Impact Assessment report for Proposed Exploratory Drilling in AA-ONN-2009/3 Block NELP-VIII at Teok Village, Jorhat District, Assam Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

Colour and Turbidity of the samples ranged from 3-5 Hazens and 4-6 NTU respectively.

Electrical conductivity of the samples ranged from 119 – 421 µS/cm.

The Total Hardness of the samples ranged from 30.0 – 105 mg/l. The maximum value was observed at GW7 and the minimum value observed at GW2 whereas the prescribed limit of 300 mg/l.

Calcium and Magnesium concentrations ranged from 6.2 – 21.2 mg/l and 3.4 – 12.6 mg/l respectively.

The Total Dissolved solids of the samples ranged from 70 - 260 mg/l. The maximum TDS was observed at GW7, and where as the minimum value observed at GW2. The TDS values are well with in the prescribed limit of 500 mg/l

Range of Chlorides and Sulphates concentrations at all the locations 2.2 -8.1 mg/l and sulphate concentration as 0.9 – 6 mg/l. Similarly, Nitrates are also found to be ranging between 0.5 – 15.3 mg/l.

Fluoride concentrations are ranging in between 0.2 – 1.01 mg/l and are found to be within the permissible limits.

Iron concentrations in ground waters varied from 0.02 – 0.11 mg/l. All other metal concentrations are observed to be below detectable limits.

Based on the above results it is evident that all of the parameters in ground water fairly meet the desirable standard limits of IS: 10500.

TABLE-3.7.2 SURFACE WATER QUALITY

Sr. Parameters UOM Limits as per SW1 SW2 SW3 Formatted Table No. IS:10500 1 pH -- 6.5 -8.5 7.8 7.9 7.3 2 Col or Hazen 5(25) 3 5 6 3 Conductivity µS/cm $ 121 152 128 4 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 500(2000) 70 90 85 5 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l $ 5.9 6.2 6.1 6 Biological O xygen Demand mg/l 3 <3 <3 <3 7 Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/l $ 10 5 15 8 Total Hardness mg/l 300(600) 26.1 40.64 30.42 9 Total Alkalinity mg/l 200(600) 40 45 35 10 Calcium as Ca mg/l 75(200) 5.6 8.6 6.6 11 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 30(100) 2.9 4.6 3.4 12 Chlorides as Cl mg/l 250(1000) 13.8 10.2 15.1 13 Residual Chlorine mg/l 0.2 Min <0.2 <0.2 <0. 2 2- 14 Sulfates as SO 4 mg/l mg/l 200(400) 2.2 <0.1 15.1 0.2 2.6 <0.1 2- Phosphates as PO 4 15 Fluorides as F Sulfates as mg/l mg/l 1.0(1.5) 0.8 2.2 0.8 15.1 0.7 2.6 2- SO 4 16 Nitrates as NO 3Fluorides as mg/lmg/l 45(NR) 0.40.8 1.810.8 0.50.7 F 17 Sodium as Na Nitra tes as mg/l mg/l $ 16.4 0.4 16.8 1.81 13.5 0.5

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Sr. Parameters UOM Limits as per SW1 SW2 SW3 Formatted Table No. IS:10500 NO 3 18 Potassium as KSodium as mg/lmg/l $ 2.416.4 2.316.8 2.113.5 Na 19 Total Boron as BPotassium mg/lmg/l 1 0.072.4 0.042.3 0.032.1 as K 20 Cyanides Total Boron as B mg/lmg/l 0.05(NR) <0.020.07 <0.020.04 <0.020.03 21 Phenolic mg/lmg/l 0.001(0.002) <0.001<0 <0.001<0 <0.001<0 CompoundsCyanides .02 .02 .02 22 Mineral Oil Phenolic mg/lmg/l 0.01(0.03) <1.0<0.0 <1.0<0.0 <1.0<0.0 Compounds 01 01 01 23 Cadmium as CdMineral Oil mg/lmg/l 0.01(NR) <0.01<1. <0.01<1. <0.01<1. 0 0 0 24 Arsenic as As Cadmium as mg/lmg/l 0.01(NR) <0.01<0. <0.01<0. <0.01<0. Cd 01 01 01 25 Copper as CuArsenic as As mg/lmg/l 0.05(1.5) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 26 Lead as PbCopper as Cu mg/lmg/l 0.05(NR) <0.01<0.01 <0.01<0.01 <0.01<0.01 27 Iron as FeLead as Pb mg/lmg/l 0.3(1.0) 0.16<0.01 0.07<0.01 0.13<0.01 28 Chromium as Cr +6 Iron as mg/lmg/l 0.05(NR) <0.050.16 <0.050.07 <0.050.13 Fe 29 Selenium as SeChromium mg/lmg/l 0.01(NR) <0.01<0.05 <0.01<0.05 <0.01<0.05 as Cr +6 30 Zinc as Zn Selenium as Se mg/l mg/l 5(15) 0.14 <0.01 0.34 <0.01 0.51 <0.01 31 Aluminium as AlZinc as Zn mg/lmg/l 0.03(0.2) 0.010.14 <0.010.34 0.020.51 32 Mercury as HgAluminium mg/lmg/l 0.001(NR) <0.0010.01 <0.001<0.01 <0.0010.02 as Al 33 SARMercury as Hg --mg/l - 1.39<0.001 1.14<0.001 1.06<0.001 34 Insecti cides SAR mg/l -- Absent Absent 1.39 Absent 1.14 Absent 1.06 35 Anionic Detergents as mg/lmg/l 0.2(0.1) <0.02Abs <0.02Abs <0.02Abs MBAsInsecticides ent ent ent 36 Total ColiformAnionic MPN/100 10 <2<0.02 <2<0.02 <2<0.02 Detergents as MBAs mlmg/l 37 Total Coliform MPN/100 <2 <2 <2 ml $: Limits not specified as per IS: 10500, UO: Un-Objectionable, Ag-Agreeable, NR-No Relaxation  Ground Water Quality

The results for the ground water samples analysed are presented in Table 3.7.3.

The analysis results of ground water samples showed the pH in range of 7.2- 7.8. The maximum value was observed at GW5 and the minimum value observed at GW1 whereas the prescribed limit of is 6.5 to 8.5.

Colour and Turbidity of the samples ranged from 3-5 Hazens and 4-6 NTU respectively.

Electrical conductivity of the samples ranged from 119 – 421 µS/cm.
The Total Hardness of the samples ranged from 30.0 – 105 mg/l. The maximum value was observed at GW7 and the minimum value observed at GW2 whereas the prescribed limit of 300 mg/l.

Calcium and Magnesium concentrations ranged from 6.2 – 21.2 mg/l and 3.4 – 12.6 mg/l respectively.

The Total Dissolved solids of the samples ranged from 70 - 260 mg/l. The maximum TDS was observed at GW7, and where as the minimum value VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-38 Environmental Impact Assessment report for Proposed Exploratory Drilling in AA-ONN-2009/3 Block NELP-VIII at Teok Village, Jorhat District, Assam Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

observed at GW2. The TDS values are well with in the prescribed limit of 500 mg/l

Range of Chlorides and Sulphates concentrations at all the locations 2.2 -8.1 mg/l and sulphate concentration as 0.9 – 6 mg/l. Similarly, Nitrates are also found to be ranging between 0.5 – 15.3 mg/l.

Fluoride concentrations are ranging in between 0.2 – 1.01 mg/l and are found to be within the permissible limits.

Iron concentrations in ground waters varied from 0.02 – 0.11 mg/l. All other metal concentrations are observed to be below detectable limits.

Based on the above results it is evident that all of the parameters in ground water fairly meet the desirable standard limits of IS: 10500.

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7 TABLE-3.7.3 GROUND WATER QUALITY

Sr. No. Paramete r Unit Limits as per IS10500 GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 GW7 1 pH - 6.5-8.5 (NR) 7.2 7.3 7.6 7.4 7.8 7.4 7.6 2 Colour Hazen 5(25) 4 3 5 4 4 5 4 3 Taste - Agreeable Ag Ag Ag Ag Ag Ag Ag 4 Odour - UO U.O U.O U.O U.O U.O U.O U.O 5 Conductivity µS/cm $ 160 11 9 228 297 128 303 421 6 Turbidity NTU 5(10) 5 4 6 5 4 4 5 7 TDS mg/l 500(2000) 100 70 155 190 80 180 260 8 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 300(600) 35.1 30.0 70.0 84.2 40 76 105 9 Total Alkalinity mg/l 200(600) 70 35 105 130 45 135 190 10 Calcium as Ca mg/l 75(200) 7.1 6.2 14.5 19 9.6 16.9 21.2 11 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 30(100) 4.2 3.4 8.1 9 3.8 8.2 12.6 12 Residual Chlorine mg/l 0.2 Min <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 13 Boron mg/l 1 0.06 <0.01 0.04 <0.01 0.02 0.01 0.06 14 Chlorides as Cl mg/l 250( 1000) 2.2 5.6 4 4.3 6.5 8.1 4.2

15 Sulphates as SO 4 mg/l 200(400) 2.3 0.9 2 2.1 6 0.9 4.5 16 Fluorides as F mg/l 1.0(1.5) 0.2 0.6 1.01 0.925 0.68 0.80 0.70

17 Nitrates as NO 3 mg/l 45(NR) 0.5 15.3 2.1 13.1 2.9 3.5 3.6 18 Sodium as Na mg/l $ 18.5 12.2 19.4 27.6 10.4 32.2 42.1 19 Potassium as K mg/l $ 2.0 1.1 2.1 5.1 2.6 5.8 6.4 20 Phenolic Compounds mg/l 0.001(0.002) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 21 Cyanides mg/l 0.05(NR) <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 22 Anionic Detergents mg/l 0.2(0.1) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 23 Mineral Oil mg/l 0.01(0.03) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 24 Cadmium as Cd mg/l 0.01(NR) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 25 Arsenic as As mg/l 0.01(NR) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 26 Copper as Cu mg/l 0.05(1.5) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 27 Lead as Pb mg/l 0.05(NR) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 28 Manganese as Mn mg/l 0.1(0.3) 0.07 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.03 <0.01 <0.01 29 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.3(1.0) 0.05 0.03 0.11 0.08 0.04 0.02 0.08 30 Chromium as Cr+6 mg/l 0.05(NR) <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 31 Selenium as Se mg/l 0.01(NR) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 32 Zinc as Zn mg/l 5(15) 0.12 0..06 0.03 0.11 0.24 0.03 0.14 33 Aluminium as Al mg/l 0.03(0.2) 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 34 Mercury as Hg mg/l 0.00 1(NR) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.01 35 Pesticides mg/l Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent 36 E.Coli - Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent 37 Total Coliforms MPN/100ml 10 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL $: Limits not specified as per IS: 10500, UO: Un-Objectionable, Ag-Agreeable, NR-No Relaxation

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3.8 Noise Level Survey

The physical description of sound concerns its loudness as a function of frequency. Noise in general is sound which is composed of many frequency components of various types of loudness distributed over the audible frequency range. Various noise scales have been introduced to describe, in a single number, the response of an average human to a complex sound made up of various frequencies at different loudness levels. The most common and universally accepted scale is the A weighted Scale which is measured as dB (A). This is more suitable for audible range of 20 to 20,000 Hz. The scale has been designed to weigh various components of noise according to the response of a human ear.

The impact of noise sources on surrounding community depends on:

• Characteristics of noise sources (instantaneous, intermittent or continuous in nature). It can be observed that steady noise is not as annoying as one which is continuously varying in loudness;

• The time of day at which noise occurs, for example high noise levels at night in residential areas are not acceptable because of sleep disturbance; and

• The location of the noise source, with respect to noise sensitive landuse, which determines the loudness and period of exposure.

The environmental impact of noise can have several effects varying from Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) to annoyance depending on loudness of noise. The environmental impact assessment of noise from the existing Exploratory drilling , construction activity, and vehicular traffic can be undertaken by taking into consideration various factors like potential damage to hearing, physiological responses and annoyance and general community responses.

The main objective of noise monitoring in the study area is to establish the baseline noise levels, and assess the impact of the total noise generated by the drilling operations around it.

3.8.1 Identification of Sampling Locations

A preliminary reconnaissance survey has been undertaken to identify the major noise generating sources in the area. Noise at different noise generating sources has been identified based on the activities in the village area, ambient noise due to traffic and the noise at sensitive areas like hospitals and schools.

The noise monitoring has been conducted for determination of noise levels at twelve locations in the study area for winter season (1st December 2012 to 28 th Febuary 2013). The noise levels at each location were recorded for 24 hours. The environment setting of each noise monitoring location is given in Table-3.8.1 and depicted in Figure-3.8.1 .

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FIGURE-3.8.1 NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-42 Environmental Impact Assessment report for Proposed Exploratory Drilling in AA-ONN-2009/3 Block NELP-VIII at Teok Village, Jorhat District, Assam Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

TABLE-3.8.1 DETAILS OF NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS

Monitoring Name of the Station Direction Distance Formatted: Centered Station From TEOK - A N1 Pirakola NW 0.7 N2 Gajpuria ENE 1.5 N3 Bailunggaon S 0.6 N4 Rajai SSW 2.6 N5 Gohaingaon W 1.8 N6 Sundarpur NE 2.5 N7 Kakajan TG ENE 1.5 N8 Near Nagadera SE 1.5 From TEOK - B N9 Nahat Tippamia N1 0 Balamanahat From TEOK - F N11 Bangaon N12 Khatoalgaon

Monitoring Station Name of the Station Direction Distance Formatted: Highlight From TEOK - A N1 Pirakola NW 0.7 N2 Gajpuria ENE 1.5 N3 Bailunggaon S 0.6 N4 Rajai SSW 2.6 N5 Gohaingaon W 1.8 From TEOK - B N6 Sundarpur NE 2.5 N7 Kakajan TG ENE 1.5 N8 Near Nagadera SE 1.5 From TEOK - D N9 Nakachari TG ESE 0.8 N10 Baidiha TG WSW 1.5 N11 Jetukiagaon WNW 3.0 From TEOK - B N12 Kamalpur NW 2.5

3.8.2 Method of Monitoring

Sound Pressure Level (SPL) measurements were measured at all locations. The readings were taken for every hour for 24 hours. The day noise levels have been monitored during 6 am to 10 pm and night levels during 10 pm to 6 am at all the locations covered in the block area for the study.

3.8.3 Presentation of Results

The statistical analysis is done for measured noise levels at twelve locations during winter season. The parameters are analyzed for L day , L night , and L dn . These results are tabulated in Table-3.8.2. Standard noise limits are given in the Table 3.8.3

TABLE-3.8.2 NOISE LEVELS IN THE STUDY AREA

Monitoring Location L10 L50 L90 Leq Lday Lnight Ldn Station

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-43 Environmental Impact Assessment report for Proposed Exploratory Drilling in AA-ONN-2009/3 Block NELP-VIII at Teok Village, Jorhat District, Assam Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

N1 PirakolaPirakola 42.6 38.7 35.0 39.7 40.5 36.9 44.0 N2 Gajpuria Gajpuri 39.7 36.0 40.7 41.5 37.9 45.0 a 43.6 N3 BailunggaonBail 41.3 37.6 42.3 43.1 39.5 46.6 unggaon 45.2 N4 RajaiRajai 43.1 39.2 35.5 40.2 41.0 37.4 44.5 N5 Gohaingaon Goh 45.1 41.2 37.5 42.2 43.0 39.4 46.5 Formatted: Font: Not Italic aingaon N6 SundarpurSund 44.9 41.0 37.3 42.0 42.8 39.2 46.3 Formatted: Font: Not Italic arpur N7 Kakajan 45.3 41.4 37.7 42.4 43.2 39.6 46.7 Formatted: Font: Not Italic TGKakajan TG N8 Near 43.8 39.9 36.2 40.9 41.7 38.1 45.2 Formatted: Font: Not Italic NagaderaNear Nagadera Nahat 41.6 37.7 34.0 38.7 39.5 35.9 43.0 Formatted: Font: Not Italic TippamiaNakac N9 hari TG Formatted: Font: Verdana BalamanahatBai 42.5 38.6 34.9 39.6 40.4 36.8 43.9 N10 diha TG Formatted: Font: Not Italic BangaonJetukia 43.6 39.7 36.0 40.7 41.5 37.9 45.0 Formatted: Font: Verdana N11 gaon KhatoalgaonKa 44.1 40.2 36.5 41.2 42.0 38.4 45.5 Formatted: Font: Not Italic N12 malpur Formatted: Font: Verdana

Formatted: Font: Not Italic

Formatted: Font: Not Italic Formatted: Font: Verdana TABLE-3.8.3 AMBIENT NOISE STANDARDS

Area Code Category of Area Noise Levels (dB (A) Leq (Limits) Formatted: Centered Day time Night time A Industrial Area 75 70 B Commercial Area 65 55 C Residential Area 55 45 D Silence Zone 50 40 Ambiant Noise Standards of CPCB Formatted: Font: Not Bold, Italic

3.8.4 Observation of Results

a) Day Time Noise Levels (L day )

The daytime (L day ) noise levels at all the locations are observed to be in the range of 39.5 dB (A) to 43.2 dB (A). The maximum noise level of 43.2 dB (A) was observed at Kakajan TG (N7) and the minimum noise level of 39.5 dB (A) was observed at Nakachari TG (N9).

b) Night Time Noise Levels (L night ) Formatted: Indent: Left: 1.27 cm The nighttime (L night ) noise levels at all the locations were observed to be in the range of 35.9 dB (A) to 39.6 dB (A). The maximum noise level of 39.6 dB (A) was observed at Kakajan TG (N7) and the minimum noise level of 35.9 dB (A) was observed at Nakachari TG (N9). It is observed that the noise levels at residential locations are within the prescribed limit of CPCB ambient noise standard.

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3.9 Ecological Studies

3.9.1 Introduction

Ecological studies are one of the important aspects of Environmental Impact Assessment with a view to conserve environmental quality and biodiversity. Ecological systems show complex inter-relationships between biotic and abiotic components including dependence, competition and mutualism. Biotic components comprise of both plant and animal communities, which interact not only within and between themselves but also with the abiotic components a viz. physical and chemical components of the environment. Generally, biological communities are good indicators of climatic and edaphic factors. Studies on biological aspects of ecosystems are important in Environmental Impact Assessment for safety of natural flora and fauna. The biological environment includes terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

The animal and plant communities co-exist in a well-organized manner. Their natural settings can get disturbed by any externally induced anthropological activities or by naturally occurring calamities or disaster. So, once this setting is disturbed, it sometimes is either practically impossible or may take a longer time to come back to its original state. Hence, changes in the status of flora and fauna are an elementary requirement of Environmental Impact Assessment studies, in view of the need for conservation of environmental quality and biodiversity. Information on flora and fauna was collected within the study area. Relevant details on aquatic life within the study area were collected from related government offices. The present report gives the review of published secondary data and the results of field sampling conducted during winter season 2012-13.

3.9.2 Objectives of Ecological Studies

The present study was undertaken with the following objectives:

• To assess the nature and distribution of vegetation in and around the block area; • To assess the distribution of animal life spectra; • To study inventory of flora and fauna in proposed block area • To prepare status report of flora and fauna in proposed block area • To understand the productivity of the water bodies; and • To ascertain migratory routes of fauna and possibility of breeding grounds.

3.9.3 Methodology adopted for the Survey

To achieve the above objectives, a detailed study of the entire Block area was undertaken. The different methods adopted were as follows:

o Compilation of secondary data with respect to the study area from published literature and Government agencies; o Generation of primary data by undertaking systematic ecological studies in the area; o Discussion with local people so as to elicit information about local plants, animals and their uses; and

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o Gathering data for ethno-biology.

3.9.4 Forest block with in the studyblock area

The block is falling with in the jorhat district, Assam. There are no reserved forest and protected forest blocks found inside the block area.

3.9.5 Terrestrial Ecological Status: Primary Survey

A preliminary survey was made in the study block area. The primary data was generated through:

1. Preparing a general checklist of all plants encountered in the study area. This would indicate the biodiversity for wild and cultivated plants. The plants so encountered were classified into life form spectrum according to the classification of Raunkiaer's classification of life form spectrum. Formatted: English (United States) 2. Determining the bird population of migratory and local birds by taking 10 random readings at every location; Formatted: English (United States) 3. Observing mammals, amphibians and reptiles, noting their calls, droppings, burrows, pugmarks and other signs; and

4. Local inhabitants were interviewed for use s of plants and animals and to get ethno biological data.

The sampling locations for ecological study of the block are given in Table-3.9.1 and Figure-3.9.1. TABLE-3.9.1 DETAILS OF TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGICAL SAMPLING LOCATIONS

Station Code Name of the Station Direction Distance TE -1 Vegetation near Rajai SSW 2.6 # TE-2 Vegetation near Sundarpur NE 2.9 * TE -3 Vegetation near Noginijan NW 4.2 * TE-4 Vegetation near Budhbaria E 4.1 * TE -5 Vegetation near Lakhibar NE 5.4 * TE-6 Vegetation near Gajapuria ENE 1.5 # TE-7 Vegetation near Mudhaijan NNE 2.0 # TE-8 Vegetation near Kakojan NW 4.0 # Note: #-Distance from TEOK-A and *-Distance from TEOK-B Formatted: Font: 8 pt, Not Bold, Italic

3.9.5.1 Flora in the Study Area

The vegetation in the study area falls under six categories as per the Champion and Seth's revised classification. Most of the area is covered by tea gardens. These are Himalayan Lower Bhabar Sal, Cachar Tropical Evergreen Forest, Moist Mixed Deciduous Forest, Low Alluvial Savannah Woodland, Moist Mixed Deciduous Forest, Dry Bamboo Brakes and Secondary Moist Bamboo Brakes.

The exploratory drilling wells are proposed in AA-ONN-2009/3 Block NELP-VIII at Teok Village, Jorhat District. Hoollongpar Wwildlife Sanctuary is present at distance of 1.7 km in SSW direction from block boundary. Out of four three exploratory drilling wells locations, Teok-BA, Teok-B and Teok-DF exploratory

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drilling wells are present at distance of 12.5 km, 10.0 km and 11.63.0 km and 2.0 km respectively in SSW direction from Hoollongapar Gibbon Wwildlife Ssanctuary. Others exploratory drilling wells are more than 10 km from the wildlife sanctuary along northern direction. Gibbons are endangered species, as per wildlife protection act 1972.

The upper canopy consists mostly of Dipterocarpus macrocarpus rising 12 to 30 m (39 to 98 ft) and having straight trunks. Other species found in the top canopy include Sam (Artocarps chaplasha ), Amari ( Amoora wallichi ), Sopas ( Mcheliai spp.), Bhelu ( Tetramels mudiflora ), Udal ( Sterculia villosa ) and Hingori (Castanopsis spp .). Nahar ( Mesua ferrea ) dominates the middle canopy with its spreading crown, casting fairly heavy shade over a wide area. Other species that make up the middle canopy include Bandordima ( Dysoxylum procerum ), Dhuna (Conarium resiniferum ), Bhomora ( Terminalia belerica ), Ful Gomari ( Gmelina sp .) Bonbogri ( Pterospermum lanceafolium) , Morhal ( Vatica lanceafolia ), Selleng (Sapium baccatum ), Sassi ( Aqualari agolacha ), and Otenga ( Dillenia indica ). Formatted: Font: Italic, English (United States)

A variety of evergreen shrubs and herbs make up the lower canopy and ground layers. The most common of these are Dolu bamboo ( Teinosstachyum dullooa ), Formatted: Font: Italic Bojal bamboo ( Pseudostachyum polymorphum ), Jengu (Calamus erectus), Jati Formatted: Font: Italic bet ( Calamus spp. ), Houka bet ( Calamus spp .), Tora ( Alpinia allughas ), Kaupat Formatted: Font: Italic (Phrynium imbricatum ), and Sorat ( Laported cremulata ). Formatted: Font: Italic Formatted: Font: Italic

Formatted: Font: Italic The most common and valuable species found were Shorhea robusta, Syzigium cuminii, Dipterocarpus turbinatus, Anogeissus latifolia, Terminalia bellarica, Formatted: Font: Italic Dendrocalamus sps., Gmelina arborea, Artocarpus sps. , etc. that forms the uniform density on favorable sites. The undergrowth consists mainly of Lantana camara, Cassia tora, Bambusa offinis, Bambusa teres, Calotropis procera, Tephrosia hamiltonii, Woodfordia fructicosa, Hyptis suaveolens and , Cle roden dron Formatted: Font: Not Italic sp .ecies etc . Formatted: Font: Not Italic

During the floristic survey, a total of 128 plant species were recorded which consists of 83 tree species, 23 shrub species, 17 herb species, 4 climbers and 1 parasites were recorded from the study area. The list of recorded plant species in the block area are presented in Table-3.9.2.

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FIGURE-3.9.1 ECOLOGICAL SAMPLING LOCATIONS TABLE-3.9.2 PLANT SPECIES RECORDED IN BLOCK AREA

Sr. No. Common Name Botanical Name Family Tree 1 Agar Aquilaria agallocha Thymeleaceae 2 Aam Mangifera indica* Anacardiaceae 3 Sapeda Manilkara zapota* Sapotaceae 4 Kaju Anacardium occidentale* Anacardiaceae 5 Palas Butea monosperma* Fabaceae 6 Taal Borassus flabellifer* Arecaceae 7 Kanthal Artocarpus heterophyllus* Moraceae 8 Neem Azadirachta indica* Meliaceae 9 Babla Gaach Acacia nilotica* Mimosaceae 10 Piara Psidium guajava* Mrytaceae 11 Bel Aegle marmelos* Rutaceae

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Sr. No. Common Name Botanical Name Family 12 Baut Gaach Ficus bengalensis* Moraceae 13 Umber Ficus racemosa* Moraceae 14 Pipal, Ashathya Ficus religiosa* Moraceae 15 Gulmohar Delonix regia* caesalpiniaceae 16 Aatha Annona squamosa* Annonaceae 17 - Acacia auriculoformis* Mimosaceae 18 Rabar Ficus elastica* Moraceae 19 Lakshmi Mangifera sylvatica Anacardiaceae 20 Amlaki Phyllanthus emblica* Euphorbiaceae 21 Arahar Gajanus indicus Leguminosae 22 Asoka Saraca indica* Leguminosae 23 Awal Vitex penduncularis, Verbenaccae Stereospermum cholonides 24 Baghachra ilata Dalbergia stipulacea Leguminosae 25 Mera (medda) Trewia nudiflora Euphorbiaceae 26 Bahera Terminalia belerica* Combretaceae 27 Minijiri Cassia siamea Leguminosae 28 Nageswar Mesua ferrea Guttiferae 29 Nour Bursera serrata Burseraceae 30 Padauk Pterocarpus indicus Leguminosae 31 Pitraj (rahena) Ammoora rohituka Meliaceae 32 Poma (rangi) Cedrela toona Meliaceae 33 Poma, markatya Schleichera trijuga Sapindaceae 34 Pyinkade Xylia dolabriformis Leguminosae 35 Rata (lali) Amoora walichii Meliaceae 36 Segun Tectona grandis* Verbenaceae 37 Simul Salmalia malabarica, Bombax Malvaceae malabaricum* 38 Sissoo Dalbergia sissoo* Leguminosae 39 Sonal Cassia fistula* Leguminosae 40 Tetul Tamarindus indica* Leguminosae 41 Tejpat Cinnamomum tamala Lauraceae 42 Udal Sterculia villasa Sterculiaceae 43 Urium Bischofia javanica Euphorbiaceae 44 Pani Terminalia myriecarpa Combretaceae 45 Jam, geda Eugenia operacalta Myrtaceae 46 Jam, kala Eugenia jambolana* Myrtaceae 47 Jam, tita Eugenia cymosa Myrtaceae 48 Jinari Premna bengalensia Verbenaceae 49 Jinari Premna barbata Verbenaceae 50 Jiol Odina wodier Anacardiaceae 51 Kadam Anthocephalus indicus* Rubiaceae 52 Kajikara Garuga pinnata Burseraceae 53 Kanta-kui Bridelia retusa Euphorbiaceae 54 Kendu Diospyros melanoxylon* Ebenaceae 55 Kheta (chegarashi) Chukrasia tabularis Meliaceae 56 Karai, Siris Albizzia procera* Mimosaceae 57 Lichu Litchi chinensis* Sapindaceae 58 Nilgiri Eucalyptus* Myrtaceae 59 Karanj Pongamia pinnata* Fabaceae 60 Supari Areaca catechu Arecaceae 61 Kajur Phoenix sylvestris Areacaceae 62 Narikel Cocos nucifera* Arecaceae 63 Balati /amli Pithecelobium dulce* Mimosaceae 64 Kul Zizyphus jujuba* Rhamnaceae 65 Saal Shorea robusta* Dipterocarpaceae 66 Bish -lata Millettia psehycarpa Leguminosae 67 Boga -medoloa Tephrosia candida Leguminosae 68 Chalta Dillenia indica* Dilleniaceae 69 Chamal Artocarpus chaplasha Moraceae

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Sr. No. Common Name Botanical Name Family 70 Chandul (maina, rairal) Tetrameles nudiflora Datisaceae 71 Chatiwan Alstonia scholaris Apocynaceae 72 Debdaru Polyalthia longifolia* Anonaceae 73 Dhup Canarium bengalense Burseraceae 74 Garjan Dipterocarpus turbinatus* Dipterocarpaceae 75 Gorak-narikel (Bandarpela, Sterculia alata Sterculiaceae Cach) 76 Haldu Adina cordifolia* Rubiaceae 77 Haludehaki Adina sessilifolia* Rubiaceae 78 Harguza Dillenia pentagyna* Dilleniaceae 79 Harish Albizzia stipulata* Mimosaceae 80 Haritaki Terminalia chebula* Comtretaceae 81 Hizal Barringtonia acutangula Lecy thidaceae 82 Mahogany Swietenia mahogeni Sterculiaceae 83 Mandar Erythrina suberosa Leguminosae Shrub 84 Bajna Zanthoxylum budrunga Rutaceae 85 Bankadam Hymenodictyon excelsum, Rubiaceae Wall 86 Bans, barak (barua) Bambusa baleeoa* Gramineae 87 Cha, Chai Camellia sinensis* Theaceae 88 - Lantana camara* Verbenaceae 89 Buno tulsi Hyptis suaveolens* Lamiaceae 90 - Adhatoda vasica* Acanthaceae 91 - Ipomea fistulosa* Convolvulaceae 92 Aakanda Calotropis procera* Asclepiadaceae 93 Bans, Kalyai Oxytenanthera nigrocilista* Gramineae 94 - Vitex negundo* Verbenaceae 95 Gokru Xanthium stromarium Tiliaceae 96 - Thevetia peruviana* Apocynaceae 97 - Nerium odorum* Apocynaceae 98 Kul Zizyphus mauritiana* Rhamnaceae 99 Jaba Phool Hibiscus rosa-sinensis* Malvaceae 100 - Ixora* Rubiaceae 101 Bans, Kanak-kai Bambusa offinis* Gramineae 102 Bans, Makal Bambusa pallida, Munro* Gramineae 103 Bans, Mitinga Bambusa tulda* Gramineae 104 Bans, Muli Melocanna bambusoides Gramineae 105 Bans, Parwa Bambusa teres* Gramineae 106 Barai, ban Zizyphus rugosa* Rhamnaceae Herb 107 Bandar-hola Mucuna pruriens Leguminosae 108 Bans, Pocha Dendrocalamus hamiltono* Gramineae 109 Bans rupai (orah) Dendrocalamus longispathus Gramineae 110 Til Sesamum indicum Pedaliaceae 111 Sunti Curcuma spp. Scitamineae 112 Khagra Saccharum spontaneum Coramineae 113 Bata Erianthus ravennas Coraminae 114 Binna (khus-khus) Andropegon squarrrous Coraminae 115 Dhutra Datura metal* Solanaceae 116 - Alternantera sessilis Asteraceae 117 - Sida acuta* Malvaceae 118 - Tephrosia hamiltonii* Fabaceae 119 - Abutilon indicum* Malvaceae 120 - Achyranthes aspera* Amaranthaceae 121 - Tridax procumbens* Asteraceae 122 Chhan Imperate arundinacea,* Coraminae 123 Hogla Typha elephanti na.* Typhaceae Climbers 124 Sonbel Bauhinia va hlii* Caesalpiniaceae

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Sr. No. Common Name Botanical Name Family 125 - Combretum decandrum Combretaceae 126 - Millettia auriculata Papilionaceae 127 - Spatholobus roxburghii Papilionaceae Parasites 128 Amarbel Cuscuta reflexa* Convolvulaceae Source: State forest department Jorhat, Assam; *Observed during survey

• Floristic Structure and Composition of Tea Gardens

Homegardens of Upper Assam are diverse and species-rich. We conducted vegetation survey of many h aomegardens are observed in Jorhat districts of Upper Assam. Structure, diversity and plant uses were analyzed. Altogether, 294 plant species representing 217 genera and 92 families were encountered o. O f these, 260 species were economically important and were categorized into seven use categories. The remaining 34 species were weeds and grasses. Aquilaria malaccensis Lam., an endangered and red listed species of India, was the most dominant tree (1,414 trees ha-1). This species contributes significantly to the economy of the region.

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using frequency data showed two groups for each of the tree, shrub and herb layers. The high floristic diversity and presence of many rare/endangered species in the homegardens reflect the ways how owners utilize and conserve plant diversity. However, genetic diversity of such rare species of forest origin could be affected in managed ecosystems due to limited gene flow, inbreeding and selection pressure. Therefore, studies on genetic diversity of rare/endangered species in homegardens are required so that potential of homegardens for their conservation can be assessed.

• Floristic Structure and Composition

The region covered under the study area is totally non-urbanized area such as villages, agricultural lands , and forest areas etc. Vegetation along this is good due to suitable condition viz. ;, water, soil , and geography. The area is mostly covered with Rubber plantation, Sal trees and Ferns. Vegetation is mixed and varying in condition, composition and density. Dependence of villagers on natural vegetation in this region is more for timber and firewood.

The nature of vegetation cover is mixed, moist, evergreen and deciduous type with the dominance of Shorea robusta, Tectona grandis, Artocarpus species, Bambusa sp .ecies and , Albizzia sp. etc . Most of the human population is Formatted: Font: Not Italic dependent on agriculture for their livelihood. The grazing is a common practice Formatted: Font: Not Italic because of more number of cattle and openly available land for grazing. Some medicinal plants were also recorded, amongst which Aegle marmelos, Azadirachta indica, Acacia nilotica, Emblica officinalis, Magnifera indica, Madhuca longifolia and , Casia fistula etc. are important one . Formatted: Font: Not Italic

Regeneration of trees in the study area is better than herbs and shrubs. The density and composition of vegetation is more near the forest area whereas low in the agricultural and village areas. Grasses mainly cover open degraded land. Herbs and shrubs are abundant mostly during monsoon whereas during the summer land turns dry and, herb withers.

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The vertical structure of the vegetation shows three distinct stories viz; top, middle and ground. Tectona grandis, Albizzia lebbek, Terminalia sp. , Shorea Formatted: Font: Not Italic robusta , comprise top story of vegetation. Dendrocalamus sp. , Bambusa sp. , Formatted: Font: Not Italic Lagerstroemia parviflora, Artocarpus sp. , Aegle marmelos and , Dalbergia latifolia Formatted: Font: Not Italic etc. form the middle canopy whereas Zizyphus glaberrima, Holerrhena pubescens, Woodfordia fructicosa , Cassia fistula etc.and others form the lower Formatted: Font: Not Italic story in the study area. The ground vegetation is composed of herbs such as Calotropis procera, Cassia tora, Hyptis suaveolens, Tephrosia hamiltonii, Sida rhombifolia, Vitis sps. and Achyrantes sp. etc. Formatted: Font: Not Italic Formatted: Font: Not Italic Simpson’s Ddiversity iIndex of the plants in the study area is based on the total Formatted: Font: Not Italic number of all species. The Simpson’s Diversity Index for herbs, shrubs and trees is shown in Table-3.9.3. Diversity of trees is comparatively good with respect to herbs and shrubs cover.

TABLE-3.9.3 SIMPSON’S DIVERSITY INDEX (SDI) OF FLORA IN THE STUDY AREA

Sr. No. Category of Flora Simpson’s Div ersity Index (SDI) 1 For trees 0.15 2 For shrubs 0.40 3 For herbs 0.34

• Medicinal Plants in Study Area

The study area of AA-ONN-2009/3 Block shows sparse occurrence of medicinal plants. Total 128 plant species has been identified comprising of trees, shrubs, herbs, grasses, climbers are of medicinal value.

Ground flora in the study area is moderately covered by herbaceous vegetation, which has a many Ayurvedic medicinal plants and edible tubers. Edible tubers are cultivated forms for staple food. In addition, the area abounds in production of a few kinds of fruits, flowers, seeds and , leaves etc.

The common herbal medicinal flora of the study area consists of Cleome viscosa, Euphorbia hirta, Sida cordifolia, Hyptis suaveolens, Azadiracta indica, A egele marmelos, Tamarindus indica and, Mangifera indica , etc. The list of medicinal Formatted: Font: Not Italic plants founds in the study area are shown in Table-3.9.4.

TABLE-3.9.4 LIST OF MEDICINAL PLANT IN THE STUDY AREA

Sr. No. Local Name Parts used Flowering and Fruiting 1 Ulakambal & Banlopali Root, bark, June-December 2 Kunch Root and seed April-February 3 Petari Leaves, barks, juice of leaves, October - February seed and root, 4 Banritha Pod and leaves February-March 5 Buktajari Plants, roots and leaves 6 Apang Plants, roots and seeds July-March 7 Bach Rhizome Not seen 8 Bakast and Vasaka Leaves, roots and flowers December -May 9 Bel Root -bark, fruit April -March 10 Pichas Root, leaves and flowers. October-February VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-52 Environmental Impact Assessment report for Proposed Exploratory Drilling in AA-ONN-2009/3 Block NELP-VIII at Teok Village, Jorhat District, Assam Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

Sr. No. Local Name Parts used Flowering and Fruiting 11 Naga kala Leaves April-February 12 Kaju badam Roots, barks ad fruits April-February 13 Kalmegh Plant, roots and leaves Winter 14 Kadam Bark, leaves Rains winter 15 Anaras Leaves and fruits - 16 Nona Bark, leaves and seeds July-March 17 Agar Wood Rainy season 18 Shialkata Root, juice and seeds Winter 19 Satamuli Root, Winter 20 Kam-ranga Fruit August-March 21 Brahmisk Plant, stem and leaves October 22 Danti Root, leaves and seeds Throughout the year 23 Kanchan Bark and flowers - 24 Kukursanga Whole plant February-March 25 Kukur-sanga Plant, roots and leaves December-April 26 Jong-obi Bark and root August –March 27 Naud Plant and leaves In rains 28 Nata Bark, leaves ad seeds Winter 29 Lataphatakri Plant December-April 30 Kalkasunda Plant, roots, leaves and seeds July-April 31 Chakunda Root, leaves and seeds Rains- winter 32 Kalkashunda Plant, leaves and seeds Rain-winter 33 Thunimankuni Plant and leaves; very December-July common throughout the state 34 Bethshag Plant December-April 35 Bethushag Plant Throughout the year 36 Akanadi Leaves and seeds October 37 Hoorhuria Leaves and seeds Throughout the year 38 Jangli-Darchini Bark and seeds December 39 Bhai Root and leaves December -July 40 Bhait Juthur Roots, leaves and flowers February-May up to July 41 Telakucha Plant, root and leaves Hot period 42 Huyer Root and leaves January 43 Titapati Seeds Rainy season 44 Kalauja Fruits, bark and leaves Rain -winter 45 Barun Bark and leaves April -December 46 Baragach Bark, roots, fruits and seeds December-June 47 Jhunjhuni Stem, leaves and seeds December-April 48 Talamuli Throughout the state Rains up to winter 49 Dhubh Durba Plant, Rains 50 Sunda Tubers September -January 51 Dhutura Roots, leaves and seeds Rainy season 52 Dhutura Leaves and fruits Rainy season 53 Chpri alu Tubers Upto winter 54 Banalu Tubers August-November 55 Garur Plant, rhizome and fruits - 56 Kesuti Plants, roots, leaves and juice July -January 57 Anola Root, bark, flowers and fruits January -December 58 Tappa-changue Bark November-December upto April 59 Ghila Seeds stem and bark flowers: 1st part of the second December year 60 Pichas Plant Winter 61 Ayapana Stem and leaves July-March 62 Barokhernie Leaves and seeds - 63 Dudiya Leaves and seeds Throughout the year 64 Bot Root, fibers, leaves, milky Winter-rains juice and seeds

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• Threatened Plant Species

National threatened species are those found only in small numbers or those very near to extinction in the country. India has a list of threatened species at the All India level, published by the Botanical Survey of India entitled ‘Red Data Book‘. No species observed in the study region comes under the category of threatened species out of 128 plant species. However, there is intense anthropogenic pressure on flora, fauna and forest resources, which are observed to be dwindling.

• Wildlife Sanctuary

The Hoollongapar Gibbon Sanctuary, formerly known as the Gibbon Wildlife Sanctuary or Hollongapar Reserve Forest, is an isolated protected area of evergreen forest located in Assam, India. The sanctuary was officially constituted and renamed in 1997. Set aside initially in 1881, its forests used to extend to the foothills of the Patkai mountain range. Since then, the forest has been fragmented and surrounded by tea gardens and small villages. In the early 1900s, artificial regeneration was used to develop well-stocked forest, resulting in the site's rich biodiversity. The Hoollongapar Gibbon Sanctuary contains India's only gibbons – the hoolock gibbons, and Northeastern India's only nocturnal primate – the Bengal slow loris. The upper canopy of the forest is dominated by the Hollong tree ( Dipterocarpus macrocarpus ), while the Nahar ( Mesua ferrea ) dominates the middle canopy. The lower canopy consists of evergreen shrubs and herbs. The habitat is threatened by illegal logging, encroachment of human settlements, and habitat fragmentation.

The sanctuary officially extends to the Dissoi Valley Reserve Forest, Dissoi Reserve Forest, and Tiru Hill Reserve Forest, which are used as dispersal areas for Indian elephants (Elephas maximus indicus ) and other animals. Three Formatted: Font: Italic extensive tea gardens that belong to the estates of Dissoi, Kothalguri, and Hoolonguri span the distance between the Hoollongapar Gibbon Sanctuary and the nearest forests in Nagaland, the Dissoi Valley Reserve Forest. The tea gardens include Katonibari, Murmurai, Chenijan, Koliapani, Meleng, Kakojan, Dihavelleoguri, Dihingapar, Kothalguri, Dissoi and Hoolonguri. Neighboring villages include Madhupur, Lakhipur, Rampur, Fesual A (the western part), Fesual B (the eastern part), Katonibari, Pukhurai, Velleoguri, Afolamukh, and Kaliagaon.

The Hoollongapar Gibbon Sanctuary is classified as "Assam plains alluvial semi- evergreen forests" with some wet evergreen forest patches. It receives 249 cm (98 in) of rainfall on average per year and situated at an altitude between 100 and 120 m (330 and 390 ft), the topography gently slopes downward from southeast to northwest. The Bhogdoi River creates a waterlogged region dominated by semi-hydrophytic plants along the border of the sanctuary, helping to create three distinct habitat zones or micro-ecosystems in the park: the up- slope zone, the down-slope zone, and the flood-prone zone.

The isolation of the park by numerous tea gardens creates a geographic barrier for migrating animals. The growing populations of tea garden workers also threaten the habitat since many people rely on the forest for firewood, traditional

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medicine and food. Large quantities of leaves and grass are collected from the forests to feed cattle. During the rainy season, herbicides and pesticides from the tea gardens wash through the sanctuary.

The tea gardens are also used by elephants as a migration route to Nagaland, making them vulnerable to frequent poaching. Railway lines further divide the park, stranding a single group of gibbons in the smaller fragment. Illegal logging and the encroachment by local people employed by the tea gardens degraded the habitat quality.

• Agriculture

The staple food of the people in the study region is rice and wheat. Agro-climatic conditions of the area provide a range of potentialities for growing cash crop like off seasonal vegetable i.e. onion, chilly, brinjal, bhindi, fruits and flowers, kitchen gardening is also common because of sufficient available space around house.

The main cultivation in the study area is tea ( Thea synensis ) garden

Main agricultural crop production in study area is paddy ( Oriza sativa ) supplemented by wheat ( Triticum aestivum ). The common rabbi crops grown in the study area are wheat, gram, mustard, turmeric, potato, carrot and, pea etc. whereas rice, jowar, arhar, tur, moong, til, groundnut, soyabean, chilly and , ginger, etc are kharif crops. Other than cereals, fruits like mango, pineapple, orange, jackfruit, banana, litchi, lemon, papaya, sapota , and guava are also grown in large quantity. The list of the agricultural crops in the study area is given in Table-3.9.5. TABLE-3.9.5 LIST OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS

Sr. No. Scientific Name Common Name Rabi Cereals 1 Triticum aestivum Wheat 2 Zea mays Maize Pulses 1 Phaseolus sp Gram Oil Seeds Brassica juncea Mustard Vegetables 1 Coriandrum anum Coriander 2 Allium sativum Garlic 3 Capsicum anum Chilly 4 Solanum tuberosum Potato 5 Daucus carata Carrot 6 Pisum sativum Pea Kharif Cereal 1 Oriza sativa Rice 2 Sorghum vulgarum Jowar 3 Cajanus cajan Arhar 4 Phaseolus angularis Urd 5 Phaseolus mungo Moong Oil seed 1 Seasamum sp Til 2 Arachys hypogea Groundnut VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-55 Environmental Impact Assessment report for Proposed Exploratory Drilling in AA-ONN-2009/3 Block NELP-VIII at Teok Village, Jorhat District, Assam Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

Sr. No. Scientific Name Common Name 3 Glycine max Soya bean Vegetables 1 Capsicum anum Chilly 2 Zingiber officinale Ginger Others 1 Solanum tuberosam Potato 2 Saccarum officianalis Sugarcane 3 Jute Source: Directorate of Agriculture, jorhat Assam

3.9.5.2 Fauna in Study Area

The study of fauna was undertaken at the proposed site and within the block. The land is mostly occupied with non-urban settings, agricultural and natural vegetation. The climatic conditions vegetations and presence of some water bodies highly supports the population of birds as well as some mammals at the nearby vegetation areas. Considerable numbers of domestic animals mainly cow, goat and buffalos were observed grazing in the pastures. Hens and Pigs were also observed in study area. The overall picture about fauna in the study area is herbivorous (tamed) animals are dominant over the carnivorous animals.

Information was collected on the livestock, fisheries and indigenous fauna of the locality from the respective State/Central Government departments. The lists of animal species recorded in study area during study period are presented in Table-3.9.6.

• Mammals

The study area mainly consists of moist mixed deciduous and tropical evergreen type of forest. Therefore, biodiversity in this region is good and various types of mammals are found. Mammals like monkeys, squirrels, mongoose, giant squirrel, wild boar, rabbits and rats are common in th eis study area. Based on the personal interviews with local people, it is noted Apart from thisthat Elephant s and Leopard s are also occasionally visits the study area. However, during our survey period, we have not sighted Leopard and elephant, but with personal interview with local people, it is noted. There is no National park but Hoollongpar Wwildlife Sanctuary is present near the block area. List of mammals found in the study area is given in Table-3.9.6.

• Avifauna

Rich vegetation and presence of water bodies supports diverse avifauna species in the study area. Presently there exists about only 73 species of birds. Parrot, House Sparrow, and Cranes and Peafowl are resident birds. Dominant birds observed at the study area are House Sparrow , Indian Roller, Red Vented Bulbul, Hornbill; Golden backed Woodpecker, Black Drongo, Koel, Green bee-eater, Ccattle Eegret, Indian Mmyna and Ccommon Babbler. These birds were found in the close association with hu man s and cattle s. Migrating species of birds generally found in the area are Llesser Wwhistling Teal, White Ibis and, Open Bbilled Stork. Most of these birds recorded in the study area are omnivorous in habit preferring grains, insects , and worms etc. as their principal food. List of avifauna seen in the study area is given in Table-3.9.6.

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• Reptiles

In reptiles, Ggarden Llizard and Indian Cchameleon were observed in every sampling location . In snake s Python, Cobra, and Vipers like kraits and Russell’s viper wereis noted during personal interview ings with the local people s. Common rat snake is observed during field survey. List of reptiles found in the study area is given in Table-3.9.6.

• Amphibians

Two species of frogs were seen during evening time in the study areaobserved during the site visit . These are Cricket Frog (Fejervarya limnocharis) , and Indian Bull Frog (Hoplobatrachus tigerinus) . List of amphibians is given in Table-3.9.6.

• Animal Husbandry

The study area includes mostly non-urban area where cattle wealth is of great importance to the economy of the study region especially in agriculture. Every farmer usually has at least a cow or buffalo or a pair of bullocks, which perform a variety of functions, chief among them being ploughing, harrowing, and carrying Bullock-carts, agricultural implements and, milk etc. Agriculture is up to an appreciable extent. Goats and Pigs are used mainly for meat purpose.

Live stock r aising is an economic activity persuaded by certain sections of community, who have made grazing and breeding of livestock as their traditional occupation. Livestock has proved to be a very valuable asset to the farmers. It provides them with the draught power required for cultivation , and an additional means of supplementing their income.

TABLE-3.9.6 LIST OF WILDLIFE IN AND AROUND THE PROJECT AREA

Sr. No. Common Name Scientific Name A) Mammals Primates 1 Hoolock Monkey Hylobates hoolock 2 Bengal Monkey Macaca rhesus 3 Stumptailed monkey M. arctoides 4 Barbes leaf monkey Semnopithecus phayrei 5 Slow Loris Nycticebus bengalensis Carnivora 6 Leopard Panthera pardus 7 Jungle cat Felis chaus 8 Leopard cat Felis bengalensis 9 Small Indian Civet Viverricula indica 10 Large Indian Civet Viverricula zibetha 11 Common Indian Mongoose * Herpestes edwardsii 12 Indian wolf Canis lupus 13 Indian wild dog Cuon dukhunensis 14 Indian fox Canis bengalensis 15 Jackals Canis aureus 16 Common otter Lutra lutra 17 Sloth bear Melursus ursinus Insectivora 18 Grey musk shrew Crocidura caerulea Chiroptera

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Sr. No. Common Name Scientific Name 19 Common flying fox of India Pteropus medius Rodentia 20 Large Indian squirrel * Sciurus indicus 21 Large Malay squirrel S. Bicolo 22 Large bamboo rats Rhysemys spp. 23 Common rats * Mus ratus 24 Indian porcupine Hystrix leucura 25 Rabbit * - Ungulata 26 Indian elephants Elephas maximus 27 Indian Bison Bos frontalis 28 Sambar deer Cervus-Rusa unicolor 29 Barking deer Muntjacus-cervulus muntjac 30 Wild boar Sus cristatus 31 Indian pangolin Manis pentadactyla B) Aves (Birds) Passers 32 The common house crow * Corvus splendens 33 Jot-black jungle crow * C. macrorhynchos 34 The red vented Bulbul * Pycnonotus cafer 35 The red whiskered Bulbul P. jocosus 36 King cron Dicrurus adsimilis 37 Common House Mynah * Acridotheris tristis 38 The pied Munah Sturnus contra 39 House sparrow * Passer domesticus 40 Indian Tree pie Dendrocitta vagabunda 41 Common Babbler* Turdoides caudatus 42 The racket tailed Drongo * Dicrurus paradiseus 43 The Babbling Thrush Cerateropus Camorus 44 The Jerdons Chloropsis Chloropsis jerdoni 45 The green Bulbul Chloropis aurifrons 46 The shama Copsychus malabaricus 47 Indian uren warbler Prinia subflava 48 The streaked fantail warbler Cisticola juncidis 49 The tailor bird Orthotomus sutorius 50 The jungle Muniah Acredothers fuscus 51 The Hill Munah or the Grackle Gracula religiosa 52 The blackheaded oriole Oriolus xanthornus 53 Baya weaver Bird Ploceus philippinus 54 The white Wagtail Motacilla alba 55 The yellowheaded wagtail M citreola 56 The Gray wagtail M. capsica 57 Spotted Munia Lonchura punctulata 58 The Red-Munia * Estrilda amandava 59 The white backec Munia Lonchura striata 60 The purple sunbird * Nectarinia asiatica 61 The purple rumped sunbird N. zeylonica 62 The Indian Yellow backed sunbird Aethopyga siparaja 63 The scarlet flower pecker Dicacum crue ntatum 64 The scarlet Minivet Pericrocotus flammeus Coracilforms 65 The golden backed wood peacker * Brachypternus bengalensis 66 The yellow wood pecker Dendrocopas Mahrathons Ord. Caracil 67 The Indian Roller or the blue jay * Coracias benhalensis 68 The common bee eaters * Merops orientalis 69 White breasted king fisher Halcyon smyrnenssis 70 The common king fisher * Alcedo atthis 71 The black capped king fisher Halcyon pileata 72 The Brown headed storkbilled Pelargopsis capensis

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Sr. No. Common Name Scientific Name kingfisher 73 The Indian Hoopoe Upupa epops Cuculit 74 Indian cuckoo * Cuculus micropterus 75 The pied crested cuckoo Clamator jacobinus 76 The Crow Pheasant Centropus sinensis 77 The common Koel * Eudynamis honorata Psittachi 78 Blossom-headed parakeet * Psittacula cyanocephala 79 Indian Red breasted Parakeet P. fasciatus 80 Large Burmese parakeet P. eupatria- indoburmamica 81 Eastern Roseringed parakeet * P. Krameriborasalis Striges 82 Brown owl Strix flammeus 83 The Brown fish owl Bubo zeylonensis 84 The scopes owl Otus scops 85 The spotted owlet Athene brama Accipitren 86 Whitebacked vulture or the Bengal Gyps bengalensis vulture 87 The common Indian kite * Milvus migrans Columbac 88 The Indian Spotted Dove * - 89 The Red jungle fowl Gallus gallus Grallae 90 Water cocks Gallicrex cinera 91 The saruz cram Grus antigone 92 The Bronze winged jacana Meto-pidius Indicus 93 The pheasant tailed jacana Hydropha sisnuy chirugus 94 The stone curiew Burhinus oedicenemus 95 Redwattled lapping vanellus indicus Herodious 96 The white necked stork Ciconia epsioopus 97 The cattle Egret * Bulbulcus ibis 98 The paddy Bird or the pond Heron * Ardeola grayii 99 The Night Heron Nyclricorax nucticorax 100 The Chestnut Bittorn Xxobrychus cinnamomens 101 The little Green Bittern Butoxies sp. Formatted: Font: Not Italic Anseres 102 Shorellers Anas clypeata 103 The common Teal A. creaca 104 The Coitton Teal Nettapus coromandelianus C.) Reptiles 105 Indian Python Python molurus molurus 106 Cobra Naja naja 107 Rat snake* Ptyas mucosus 108 Common Krait Bungarus coeruleus 109 Russell’s viper Vipera russelli s 110 Garden lizard* Calotes versicolor 111 Indian Chameleon * Chameleon zegylanicus D.) Amphibians 112 Cricket Frog* Fejervarya limnocharis 113 Indian Bull Frog Hoplobatrachus tigerinus Source: State forest department jorhat, Assam; *Observed during survey Formatted: Font: Italic TABLE-3.9.7 LIST OF RARE / ENDANGERED MAMMALS, BIRDS & REPTILES

Sr. No. Common Name Scientific Name Category WPA -1972 Schedule Mammals VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-59 Environmental Impact Assessment report for Proposed Exploratory Drilling in AA-ONN-2009/3 Block NELP-VIII at Teok Village, Jorhat District, Assam Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

1 Leopard Panthera pardus T I 2 Sloth bear Melursus ursinus V I 3 Bison Bos gaurus V I 4 Indian Wolf Canis lupus V II 5 Indian Elephant Elephas maximus E I 6 Common Otter Lutra lutra V I 7 Hoolock Monkey Hylobates hoolock E I 8 Jackal Canis aureus V II 9 Civet cat Viverra megasplla E I Birds 10 Bengal Vulture Gyps bengalensis V I Reptiles 11 Indian Python Python molurus molurus V I

Source: Wildlife Institute of India, Ex = Extinct, E = Endangered, V = Vulnerable, I = Indeterminate, K = insufficiently known, R = Rare & T= Threatened; I, II of WPA 1972 (habitat and individuality of these animals is specially protected)

3.9.6 Aquatic Ecological Status: Primary Survey

3.9.6.1 Introduction

The impact of pollution on aquatic ecosystem manifests itself first on the biotic aquatic communities. The species composition of aquatic organisms in natural communities is directly influenced by ambient water quality. The responses of plants to pollutants, when measured quantitatively give an insight about the conditions of existing aquatic ecosystem.

3.9.6.2 Plankton Study

Protecting the environment and making efficient use of natural resources are two of the most pressing demands in the present stage of social development. The task of preserving the purity of the atmosphere and water basins is of both national and global significance since there are no boundaries to the propagation of anthropogenic contaminants in the water. An essential pre requisite for the successful solution to these problems is to evaluate ecological impacts from the baseline information and undertake effective management plan. So the objective of aquatic ecological study may be outlined as follows:

• To characterize water bodies like fresh waters; • To understand their present biological status; • To characterize water bodies with the help of biota; • To understand the impact of industrial and urbanization activities; and • To suggest recommendations to counter adverse impacts, if any on the ecosystem.

To meet these objectives following methods were followed:

• Generating data by actual field sampling and analysis in these areas through field visits during study period; and • Discussion with local people to get the information for aquatic plants and aquatic animals.

To fulfill these objectives and to understand the present status of aquatic ecosystem, samples were collected from different fresh water system (river) under

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investigation. In order to get a clear picture and to assess the various parameters of water, three sampling locations were identified for sampling. Samples were collected during study period. The sampling locations are presented in Table-3.9.8 and shown in Figure-3.9.1. TABLE-3.9.8 DETAILS OF AQUATIC SAMPLING LOCATIONS

Sr. No. Code Locations Distance Direction 1 AE-1 Mujal jan river (TEOK-A) 1.9 NE 2 AE-2 Kakajan river (TEOK-B) 1.2 ENE 3 AE -3 Dihajan river (TEOK -D) 1.0 W

3.9.6.3 Methodology Adopted for Aquatic Studies

The biological species specific for a particular environmental conditions are the best indicators of environmental quality. This includes different biological species such as phytoplankton, zooplankton and bacteria.

Diatoms, desmids and dinophyceaen members are indicative of clean water conditions. Increasing dominance of diatoms, ciliates, flagellates, chlorophycean and cyanophycean species indicates progressively increasing trophic conditions. Presence of Euglenophyceae indicates high eutrophic conditions. Planktonic rotifers are usually more abundant in fresh water than estuarine waters. It is believed that when crustacean and insect out number other groups the situation reflects the enriched organic conditions of water. Thus, of certain organisms help in classifying water body in trophic levels on knowing its physicophysico- chemical characteristics.

The plankton samples were collected by using plankton net. The filamentous algae and debris were avoided by filtering through the plankton net. The collected sample was condensed to 100 ml by filtration and the samples were preserved using pinch of Rose Bengal and 10 ml of 4% formaldehyde solution.

For the measurement of frequencies of various forms of Phytoplankton and Zooplankton, one drop of the sedimented plankton was mounted on a micro-slide, as many as 20 different microscopic fields situated at more or less even distances from each other were examined, and numbers of individual organisms are counted. The plankton forms were identified up to species level and expressed as organisms per milliliter of the sample and Shannon Weinner species diversity index was calculated for each sample.

Diversity Index: Diversity of plankton depends on physico-chemical characteristics of water especially on trophic levels in oligotrophic water. With increasing levels of pollution such as mesotrophic or eutrophic conditions diversity of plankton decreases. Shannon Weinner Index is a measure of diversity of plankton, which takes into account the total count of individual species count in a water samples and is expressed as follows:

Where, H = -∑ Pi log 2 Pi Formatted: Font: Not Bold Pi = n1/n H = Shannon weinner diversity index

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n1= number of individuals of each individual species in the sample. n= total number of individuals of all species in the sample.

It should also be noted that diversity is also susceptible to other parameters such as turbidity, colour, nutrients and flow rates etc., particularly in hilly rivers. A widely accepted ecological concept is that community with larger number of species i.e. with high diversity will have high stability that can resist adverse environmental factors. The maximum value of Shannon weinner index of phytoplankton for clean water has been reported to have been 6 though it may differ slightly in different locations. Decrease in the value of index may thus be taken as indicator of pollution. The index values three and above for zooplankton is generally considered as indicators of healthy conditions of water bodies. The values between 1 and 3 represents eutrophic to oligotrophic condition respectively. Values less than one is believed to be mild or highly polluted conditions. The details of diversity indices in study area are presented in Table- 3.9.9. And standards are given in Table-3.9.10.

TABLE 3.9.9 DETAILS OF DIVERSITY INDICES IN STUDY AREA

Sr. Code Name of the Location SWDI for SWDI for No. Phytoplankton Zooplankton 1 AE -1 Mujal jan river (TEOK -A) 1.6 1.2 2 AE-2 Kakajan river (TEOK-B) 2.5 1.8 3 AE-3 Dihajan river (TEOK-F) 1.9 1.6 SWDI = Shannon weinner diversity index

TABLE 3.9.10 STAND EARDS OF SHANNON WEINNER DIVERSITY INDEX FOR AQUATIC COMMUNITY

Sr. No (SWDI) Value Type of impacts 1 0 .0 - 1. 0 Eutrophic 2 1.0-2.0 Mesotrophic 3 2.0-3.0 Oligotrophic *Surveillance of rivers by Hellawell; SWDI = Shannon weinner diversity index

3.9.6.4 Phytoplankton

Phytoplankton group reported from three locations having dominance of bacillariophyceae and cyanophycese followed by chlorophyceae and euglenophyceae members. About 11 species of phytoplankton were reported from three locations. Density of phytoplankton group among the three locations was highest in AE-2 and lowest in AE-3. The Shannon weinner index for phytoplankton varies between 1.6 and 2.5.

3.9.6.5 Zooplankton

About 6 zooplankton species are recorded from all the sampling locations. Density of zooplankton group among the three locations was highest in AE-2 and lowest in AE- 3. The Shannon weinner index for zooplankton varies between 1.2 and 1.8. The list of plankton recorded in fresh water bodies in study area during study period are presented in Table-3.9.11 and Table-3.9.12.

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TABLE-3.9.11 LIST OF PHYTOPLANKTON SPECIES IDENTIFIED FROM STUDY AREA

Sr. No Family Species 1 Bacillariophyceae Navicula sp. Diatoma sp. Synedra sp. Cyclotella sp. Gomphonema sp Nitischia sp 2 Cyanophyceae Chlorella sp. Scenedesmus sp. Ankistodesmus sp. 3 Chlorophyceae Merismopidi a sp. 4 Euglenophyceae Euglena sp.

TABLE-3.9.12 LIST OF ZOOPLANKTON SPECIES IDENTIFIED FROM STUDY AREA

Family Zooplankton Species Rotifera Brachinous sp. Arthropoda Nauplius sp. Acroperus sp. Macrothrix sp. Ceriodaphnia sp. Simocephalus sp.

3.9.6.6 Conclusions on Aquatic Ecology

Surface water samples were collected for biological analysis from lotic (flowing) water bodies during study period. Biological samples were analysed and estimated for diversity index. Plankton diversity Index for phytoplankton and zooplankton varies from 1.6-2.5 and 1.2-1.8 respectively. Physico-chemical, biological parameters and diversity index reveals that the studied water bodies are slightly mesotrophic in nature.

3.9.7 Fishery

As per official statement, there were 130 species of fishes available in Assam of which 69 species of fishes are usually found now. Infact in Assam fishery activities are very limited because of non-availability of major rivers, large water bodies etc. whatever the fishes found are fresh water type. Only it is restricted to smaller rivulets, streams and ponds. The list of fish and their habitat in, Jjorhat

TABLE-3.9.13 LIST OF SPECIES OF FISHES AND THEIR HABITAT IN JORHAT

Scientific Name Sr No Family Habitat (Common Name) 1 Cyprinidae Amblypharyngodon mola Riverine, wetlands and swampy areas. (Ham) Riverine (collected from Brahmaputra 2 Barilius tilo (Ham) river in Jorhat) Riverine, wetlands and Formatted Table

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3 Chela atpar (Ham) swampy areas (collected from Brahamaputra river in Jorhat) 4 Bagridae Mystus bleekeri (Day) Riverine, wetlands and swampy areas. Formatted Table Riverine (collected from the River 5 Mystus vittatus (Bloch) Brahmaputra in Jorhat) 6 Rita rita (Ham) Formatted: Justified 7 Chandidae Chanda nama (Ham) Riverine, swampy areas and wetland (collected from the Brahmaputra river in 8 Pseudoambassis baculis (Ham) Jorhat)

In study area, fishing is done only in Manu and Deo rivers. Common fishes found in the study area are Catla (Catla catla), Rohu (Labeo rohita), Calbasu (Labeo calbasu), Bata (Labeo bata), Mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala), different types of Puti (Puntius species), Catfishes like Magur (Clarias batrachus) and , Singhi (Heteropneustes fossilis) , etc. List of fishes found in Assam is given in Table- Formatted: Font color: Auto 3.9.14. TABLE-3.9.14 LIST OF SPECIES OF FISHES FOUND IN THE STUDY AREA

Sr. No. Scientific Name Local Name English Name Formatted Table A Major Carp 1 Catla catla Katal / Catla Katla 2 Labeo rohita Rui Rohu 3 Labeo calbasu Baush kalibaush Calbasu / Black rohita 4 Labeo gonius Goinya Goania 5 Cirrhinus mrigala Mrigal / mikra Mrigal B Minor Carp 1 Labeo bata Bata Bata 2 Cirrhinus reba Bhagna Reba C Migratory Species 1 Hilsa ilisha Ilish Indian shad 2 Rhinomugil corsula Corsula / Nadir bata Corsula mullet D Exotic Carp 1 Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Silver carp Silver carp 2 Hypophthalmichthys nobilis Big head Big head 3 Ctenopharyngodon idellus Grass carp Grass carp 4 Cyprinus carpio var communis Carpio / Japani rui Common carp / Scale carp. 5 Puntius javanicus Japani Puti Java Puti 6 Oreochromis mossambica Tilapia Tilapia / Mozambique cichlid E Catfishes 1 Pangasins sutchi Pungas Pungas 2 Clarias batrachus Magur / Jhagur Magur 3 Clarias gariepinus Atrican magur African giant magur 4 Heteropneustes fossilis Sing hi / singi Stinging catfish Source: Directorate of Fisheries, jorhat, Assam

3.9.8 Conclusion

As per primary survey and secondary data referred, it can bewas concluded that the flora and fauna of the study area s flora and fauna is ecologically rich and is not equally distributed throughout the study areabut has patchy and mosaic of habitat distribution . Infact the vegetation is distributed to certain pockets. The entire study area has undulating terrain with small terrain is not plan but hillocks .are observed .

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Hoollongapar Wwildlife Ssanctuary is located at 1.7 km in SSW direction from the block boundary. The sanctuary ha sving an area of 2098.62 ha, which is equal to 8.1 sq ml. It is botanically most important which is having lush foliage and thegood vegetation comprising of medicinal herbs, aromatic plants, fodder, fruits, horticultural pla nts and colorful orchids.

Fauna consists of Leopards, Elephants, Wild Bear, Hoolock Gibbon, many birds, reptiles such as, primates; leopard, elephant, wild bear, hoolock monkey, Ppython and M, and m onitor Llizard are restricted to wildlife sanctuary .

3.10 Demography and Socio-Economics

The growth of industrial sectors and infrastructure developments in and around the agriculture dominant areas, villages and towns is bound to create its impact on the socio-economic aspects of the local population. The impacts may be positive or negative depending upon the developmental activity. To assess the impacts on the socio-economics of the local people, it is necessary to study the existing socio-economic status of the local population, which will be helpful for making efforts to further improve the quality of life in the area of study.

To study the socio-economic aspects of people in the study block area around the proposed plant site , the required data has been collected from various secondary sources and supplemented by the primary data generated through the process of a limited door to door socio-economic survey .

3.10.1 Methodology Adopted for the Study.

The methodology adopted for the study is based on the review of secondary data, such as District Census Statistical Handbooks-20 101 and the records of National Informatics Center, New Delhi, for the parameters of demography, occupational structure of people within the general study area within the entire block area of the proposed project.

3.10.2 Review of Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile-20 011

The sociological aspects of this study include human settlements, demography, social such as scheduled castes and scheduled tribes and literacy levels besides infrastructure facilities available in the study area. The economic aspects include occupational structure of workers. The village wise demographic data as per 20 101 census is presented in Annexure-VI.

The salient features of the demographic and socio-economic details are described in the following sections.

3.10.3 Demographic Aspects

3.10.3.1 Distribution of Population

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As per 20 011 Census the study area consisted of 30116 27566 persons inhabited.

3.10.3.2 Average Household Size

The study area has a family size of 4.964.5 as per 20 011. The decrease of family size could be attributed to a high degree of urbanization with migration of people with higher literacy levels who generally opt for smaller family size with family welfare measures and also due to the prevalence of single member families. The distribution of population in the study area is given in Table-3.10.1.

TABLE-3.10.1 DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION IN THE STUDY AREA

Particulars Total Study Area Formatted: Font: 8 pt No. of Households 6687 Male Population 15252 Formatted Table Female Population 14864 Formatted: Font: Verdana, 8 pt Total Population 30116 Average Household Size 4.50 % of males to the total population 50.64 % of females to the total population 49.36 Sex Ratio (no of females per 1000 males) 975

Particulars Total Study Area No. of Households 5553 Male Population 14140 Female Population 13426 Total Population 27566 Average Household Size 4.96 % of males to the total population 51.30 % of females to the total population 48.70 Sex Ratio (no of females per 1000 males) 949 Density 413 Source: District Census Hand Book 20 011

3.10.3.3 Population Density

The density of population reveals that the study area has an overall density of 41351 persons per km 2 as per 20 101 census reportsdata .

3.10.3.4 Sex Ratio

The configuration of male and female indicates that the males constitute to about Formatted: Line spacing: single 50.64% and females to 49.36% of the total population as per 2011 census records. The sex ratio i.e. the number of females per 1000 males indirectly reveals certain sociological aspects in relation with female births, infant mortality among female children and single person family structure, a resultant of migration of industrial workers. The study area on an average has 975 females per 1000 males as per 2011 census reports.

The configuration of male and female indicates that the males constitute to about 51.3% and females to 48.7 % of the total population as per 2001 census records. The sex ratio i.e. the number of females per 1000 males indirectly reveals certain sociological aspects in relation with female births, infant mortality among female VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C3-66 Environmental Impact Assessment report for Proposed Exploratory Drilling in AA-ONN-2009/3 Block NELP-VIII at Teok Village, Jorhat District, Assam Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status

children and single person family structure, a resultant of migration of industrial workers. The study area on an average has 949 females per 1000 males as per 2001 census reports.

3.10.4 Social Structure Formatted: Indent: Left: 1.27 cm In the study area, as per 2011 census, 0.89 % of the population belongs to Scheduled Castes (SC) and 1.02 % to Scheduled Tribes (ST). The distribution of Formatted: Indent: Left: 1.27 cm, Line spacing: single population by social structure is shown in Table-3.10.2 . Formatted: Font: Bold

In the study area, as per 2001 census, 0.98 % of the population belongs to Scheduled Castes (SC) and 0.69 % to Scheduled Tribes (ST). The distribution of population in the study area by social structure is shown in Table-3.10.2. Formatted: List, Justified, Indent: Left: 1.27 cm, Tab stops: 7.96 cm, Centered

TABLE-3.10.2 DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION BY SOCIAL STRUCTURE

Particulars Total Study Area Formatted: Font: 8 pt Schedule caste 267 % To the total population 0.89 Formatted Table Schedule Tribes 306 Formatted: Font: 8 pt % To the total population 1.02 Total SC and ST population 573 Formatted: Font: Verdana, 8 pt % To total population 1.90 Formatted: Font: 8 pt Total population 30116 Formatted: Font: 8 pt

Particula rs Total Study Area Formatted: Font: 8 pt Schedule caste 269 Formatted: Font: 8 pt % To the total population 0.98 Formatted: Font: 8 pt Schedule Tribes 189 % To the total population 0.69 Formatted: Font: 8 pt Total SC and ST population 458 Formatted: Font: Verdana, 8 pt % To total population 1.66 Total population 27566 Source: District Census Hand Book –20 011 Formatted: Font: 8 pt

3.10.5 Literacy Levels

The study area experiences a literacy rate of 72.98 % (2011). The distribution of literate and literacy rate in the study area is given in Table-3.10.3 . The male Formatted: Font: Bold literacy i.e. the percentage of literate males to the total males of the study area works out to be 54.46 %. The female literacy rate, which is an important indicator for social change, is observed to be 45.54 % in the study area as per 2011 census records.

The study area experiences a very moderate literacy rate of 64.9 % (2001). The male literacy rate to total population was found in the study area as 56.79 %. The female literacy rate to total population is observed to be only 43.21 % as per 2001 census records. The distribution of literate and literacy rate in the study area is given in Table-3.10.3.

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TABLE-3.10.3 DISTRIBUTION OF LITERATE AND LITERACY RATES

Particulars Total Study Area Formatted: Font: 8 pt Male Population 15252 Female Population 14864 Formatted Table Total Population 30116 Formatted: Font: 8 pt Male literates 11970 Female literates 10010 Formatted: Font: 8 pt Total literates 21980 Formatted: Font: 8 pt Male l iteracy rate (%) 54.46 Female literacy rate (%) 45.54 Formatted: Font: Verdana, 8 pt Average Male Literacy to the total population (%) 39.75 Formatted: Font: 8 pt Average female Literacy to the total population (%) 33.24 Total Literacy rate (%) 72.98 Formatted: Font: 8 pt Formatted: Font: 8 pt Particulars Total Study Area Formatted: Font: Verdana, 8 pt Male Population 14140 Formatted: Font: 8 pt Female Population 13426 Total Population 27566 Formatted: Font: 8 pt Male literates 10159 Formatted: Font: 8 pt Female literates 7731 Formatted: Font: 8 pt Total literates 17890 Male literacy rate (%) 56.79 Formatted: Font: 8 pt Female literacy rate (%) 43.21 Average Male Literacy to the total population (%) 36.85 Average female Lite racy to the total population (%) 28.05 Total Literacy rate (%) 64.90 Source: District Census Hand Book 20 011 Formatted: Font: 8 pt

3.10.6 3.10.6 Occupational Structure Formatted: No underline, Not Highlight Formatted: No bullets or numbering The occupational structure of residents in the study area is studied with reference to main workers, marginal workers and non-workers. The main workers include 10 categories of workers defined by the Census Formatted: Indent: Left: 1.27 cm, Line spacing: single Department consisting of cultivators, agricultural laborers, those engaged in live- stock, forestry, fishing, mining and quarrying; manufacturing, processing and repairs in household industry; and other than household industry, construction, trade and commerce, transport and communication and other services. Formatted: Indent: Left: 0.63 cm, Line spacing: single The marginal workers are those workers engaged in some work for a period of Formatted: Indent: Left: 1.27 cm, Line spacing: single less than six months during the reference year prior to the census survey. The non-workers include those engaged in unpaid household duties, students, retired persons, dependents, beggars, vagrants etc.; institutional inmates or all other non-workers who do not fall under the above categories. Formatted: Indent: Left: 1.9 cm, Line spacing: single As per 2011 census records altogether the main workers works out to be 23.31% Formatted: Indent: Left: 1.27 cm, Line spacing: single of the total population. The marginal workers and non-workers constitute to 20.25% and 56.44 % of the total population respectively. The distribution of workers by occupation indicates that the non-workers are the predominant population. The occupational structure of the study area is shown in Table- Formatted: Font: Bold 3.10.4 .

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Formatted: English (United States), Highlight As per the 2001 census records main workers works out to be 26.0 % of the total Formatted: Highlight population. The marginal workers and non-workers constitute to 14.47 % and 59.53 % of the total population respectively. The distribution of workers by occupation indicates that the non-workers are the predominant population. The occupational structure of the study area is shown in Table-3.10.4. Formatted: English (United States), Highlight Formatted: Highlight

TABLE-3.10.4 OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE

Particulars Total Study Area Formatted: Font: 8 pt Total Population 30116 Total workers 13119 Formatted Table Total main workers 7020 Formatted: Font: 8 pt % of main workers to total population 23.31 Marginal workers 6099 Formatted: Font: Verdana, 8 pt % of marginal workers to total population 20.25 Formatted: Font: 8 pt Non-workers 16997 % of non-workers to total population 56.44 Formatted: Font: Verdana, 8 pt Formatted: Font: 8 pt Particulars Total Study Area Formatted: Font: Verdana, 8 pt Total Population 27566 Formatted: Font: 8 pt Total workers 11155 Total main workers 7166 Formatted: Font: 8 pt % of main workers to total population 26.00 Formatted: Font: Verdana, 8 pt Marginal workers 3989 Formatted: Font: 8 pt % of marginal workers to total population 14.47 Formatted: Font: 8 pt Non-workers 16411 Formatted: Font: Verdana, 8 pt % of non-workers to total population 59.53 Source: District Census Hand Book 20 011 Formatted: Font: 8 pt Formatted: Font: Not Bold Formatted: Font: 8 pt Formatted: Font: 8 pt, Not Highlight Formatted: Font: 8 pt

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