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Preparedness of Bangladesh Armed Forces 183 By-Lieutenant Colonel Nizam Uddin Ahmed, Afwc, Psc, Engrs

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Preparedness of Bangladesh Armed Forces 183 By-Lieutenant Colonel Nizam Uddin Ahmed, Afwc, Psc, Engrs A Professional Journal of National Defence College Volume 18 Number 1 June 2019 National Defence College Bangladesh EDITORIAL BOARD Chief Patron Lieutenant General Sheikh Mamun Khaled, SUP, rcds, psc, PhD Editor-in-Chief Major General Md Moshfequr Rahman, SGP, SUP, ndc, psc Editor Colonel Muhammad Shahriar Zaman, afwc, psc, G Associate Editors Brigadier General Md Shamim Kamal, ndu, afwc, psc, M phil Lieutenant Colonel A S M Badiul Alam, afwc, psc, G+, Arty Assistant Editors Senior Assistant Secretary Syeda Nurmahal Ashrafi Assistant Director Md Nazrul Islam ISSN: 1683-8475 DISCLAIMER The analysis, opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this Journal are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the NDC, Bangladesh Armed Forces or any other agencies of Bangladesh Government. Statement, fact or opinion appearing in NDC Journal are solely those of the authors and do not imply endorsement by the editors or publisher. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electrical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Published by the National Defence College, Bangladesh Design & Printed by : ORNATE CARE 87, Mariam Villah (2nd floor), Nayapaltan, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh Cell: 01911546613, E mail: [email protected] CONTENTS Page Foreword vi Editorial vii Abstracts ix Bracing Artificial Intelligence for Socio-Economic Development: Opportunities, Implications and Challenges for Bangladesh 1 By-Major General Md Wahid-Uz-Zaman, ndc, aowc, psc, te In Quest of a Conducive Democratic Environment to Secure Peoples Right in Bangladesh 23 By-Brigadier General Abul Fazal Md Sanaullah, SUP, hdmc, ndc, psc The Role of Bangladesh Army in National Food Security Management 50 By-Brigadier General Kazi Shameem Farhad, ndc, psc Prospects and Challenges of Deep Sea Fishing in the Bay of Bengal - Options for Bangladesh 72 By-Captain M Sharif Uddin Bhuiyan (S), NGP, ndc, afwc, psc, BN Developing Human Resource for Aviation Sector: Role of Aviation University of Bangladesh Air Force 104 By-Air Commodore Md Shaharul Huda, ndc, psc, GD(P) Challenges of Converting Population into Resources: An Exploratory Study in Sadar Upazila of Rangpur District 124 By-Joint Secretary Md Abdul Majid, ndc India’s Relations with an Increasingly Assertive Japan and Likely Implications on India’s Security Policies 142 By-Air Commodore Inderpal Singh Walia, ndc Sino-US Competition in South East Asia: Opportunities and Challenges for Bangladesh 163 By-Brigadier Syed Imran Raza Naqvi, TJ, nswc, ndc, psc Emergence of Artificial Intelligence in Future Warfare: Preparedness of Bangladesh Armed Forces 183 By-Lieutenant Colonel Nizam Uddin Ahmed, afwc, psc, Engrs Effects of Socio Economic Changes on Finding Quality Intake of Officers for Bangladesh Army: An Analysis and Ways Ahead 214 By-Lieutenant Colonel Azaher Uddin Ahammed, afwc, psc, Inf ‘One Stop’ Hardware Acquisition Trend in Bangladesh Navy: Challenges and Ways Forward 238 By-Commander K M Emon Rashid, (ND), afwc, psc, BN Inadequacy in Operational Effectiveness; Quest for a Solution in Bangladesh Perspective 258 By-Brigadier General Abu Sayeed Mohammad Ali, ndu, afwc, psc IV FOREWORD National Defence College has been striving since 1999 with a vision to be the premier national centre of excellence on leadership, defence, security, strategy and development studies - meeting the challenges of the 21st century. Since its inception, the college has been relentlessly presenting time - befitting academic curricula to the potential policy planners, senior leaders and strategic thinkers of the future. The college aims to create a balanced outlook and bring a visualization amongst the Course Members with a strategic and operational level understanding. The chronicles of past 20 years testify the viability of the academic system that has contributed to this leading institution in gaining reputation of excellence at home and abroad. National Defence College being the highest level national institution in Bangladesh, has always been emphasizing on conducting research on contemporary issues of national importance. The common aim of research work is to enable Course Members to make original contribution to a subject of national or international interest, which has influence on national security and development. NDC journal reflects the notable research works carried out by Course Members and Faculty of the college. I am assertive that the Research Papers included in this journal encompassing varied subjects would be considerably useful for the readers. I congratulate all authors who contributed to this journal. I appreciate the sincere efforts of Research and Academic Wing and acknowledge the hard work of editorial board to publish this journal in due time. SHEIKH MAMUN KHALED, SUP, rcds, psc, PhD Lieutenant General Commandant V EDITORIAL NDC Journal is a bi-annual publication of National Defence College. The articles for this journal (Volume 18, Number 1, June 2019) have been selected mostly from individual research papers submitted by Course Members as part of course curricula. The papers included in this journal reflect multi-dimensional issues related to national security and development. The ideas, opinions, and suggestions expressed in these papers have been developed through curricula-based discussions and discourse held during the course. These are purely non-attributive and bears the testimony of the research conducted by the course members. We shall consider ourselves pleased to receive any suggestive criticism from the valued readers. Md Moshfequr Rahman, SGP, SUP, ndc, psc Major General Senior Directing Staff (Army) VI ABSTRACT BRACING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: OPPORTUNITIES, IMPLICATIONS AND CHALLENGES FOR BANGLADESH Major General Md Wahid-Uz-Zaman, ndc, aowc, psc, te Artificial Intelligence is a life changer, a disruptive technology and a valuable tool for unending socio-economic developments. Major Asian nations are investing heavily in AI adoption. For Bangladesh, who aimsto become a Developed Nation by 2041, bracing AI is no longer a choice; rather appears to be the most important option to achieve the desired socio-economic growth and remain competitive in the global market. But there seems to be remoteness amongst the concerns, which needs immediate attention. Focusing on the above perspective, this research aims to: explore key socio-economic AI opportunities and their implications for Bangladesh, followed by identifying likely AI threats and the challenges; and finally to suggest an AI adoption strategy. This is a qualitative exploratory research. Major tools used are: extensive secondary literature review, Key Informant Interviews, Focused Group Discussion, Official Document Survey, Field Survey and the author’s unbiased personal observation as an ICT engineer with 30 years of experience. Of many AI applications: Agriculture, Manufacture and Service Sectors are the major recipients with enormous future potentials. Increased productivity, new job opportunity, uptrend micro and macro-economic indicators all are leading to a better socio-economic lifestyle. Opportunities in Education and Healthcare are equally bright also. Billions of IoT devices generating unfathomable quantity of data are the major drivers for AI expansion. AI will create unemployment and widen social inequality. Pronounced challenges in adopting AI in Bangladesh are: adapting to new kind of jobs, managing big data, knowledge and skill deficiencies, lack of research and innovation, disconnected mental capacity to economic growth, absence of policy, gaps in public private partnership and inadequate homegrown infrastructure. ‘Digital Bangladesh’ drive has created an IT base, which is conducive for adopting AI. But Bangladesh must emphasize on AI education and training, formulate appropriate policy with special focus on data management, recruit global talents, invest on innovation, support private initiative, develop home-grown infrastructures and create mass awareness. It should also form an AI Task Force with specific terms of references and enable AI-based sectoral development in agriculture, manufacturing, service sector, education and healthcare. VII IN QUEST OF A CONDUCIVE DEMOCRATIC ENVIRONMENT TO SECURE PEOPLES RIGHT IN BANGLADESH Brigadier General Abul Fazal Md Sanaullah, SUP, hdmc, ndc, psc Democracy and human rights are like Siamese Twins – inseparable and interdependent. The democracy is inherently embedded in the notion of liberty and self-determination. Democracy however, does not have a monolithic construct. Indeed, it is difficult to compare between democracies as each is shaped by respective imperatives - socio-economic, historical, political, and others. Democratic environment of any given country would include and go beyond politics, governance, and, anything that affects life and living of the citizen. Further, contemporary issues, global trends and shifting priorities make democracy assume varying look. Bangladesh is a rather young democracy. Its neo-democratic phase since 1991, briefly interrupted in 2006, is about three decades old. The country has made significant strides towards ensuring economic wellbeing of its citizens. However, challenges remain in guaranteeing rights of the people to spirit enshrined in the constitution. To contextualize the ‘right’ paradigm with that against the democratic environment, it makes a rather
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