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Fisheries Centre Research Reports 2012 V OLUME 20 N UMBER 4 ISSN 1198-6727 Fisheries Centre Research Reports 2012 V OLUME 20 N UMBER 4 The marine fisheries environment of Sierra Leone: belated proceedings of a national seminar held in Freetown, 25-29 November 1991 Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, Canada Edited by J Michael Vakily, Katy Seto and Daniel Pauly Fisheries Centre Research Reports 20(4) 104 pages © published 2012 by The Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia 2202 Main Mall Vancouver, B.B., Canada, V6T1Z4 ISSN 1198-6727 Fisheries Centre Research Reports 20(4) 2012 Edited by J Michael Vakily, Katy Seto and Daniel Pauly CONTENT Director’s Foreword 9 Editor’s Preface 11 7KH¿VKHULHVRI6LHUUD/HRQH6WDWXVSUREOHPVDQGSURVSHFWV A.B. Kamara The Fisheries Sector of Sierra Leone 17 E.T.A. Golley–Morgan Fisheries Monitoring, Control And Surveillance in Sierra Leone Waters 22 D.C. Graham and B.R. Booth The Small Pelagic and Demersal Fish Stocks of Sierra Leone 28 D.E.B. Chaytor and E.T. Ndomahina ([SORLWDWLRQRI7XQDDQG2WKHU/DUJH3HODJLF)LVKLQ6LHUUD/HRQH¶V((= J.A.L. Cole The Shrimp Resources of Sierra Leone 46 P.A.T. Showers The Mangrove and Coastal Environment of Sierra Leone 50 R.G. Johnson and R.G. Johnson Comparative Analysis of the Marine Resources of the Mano River States 55 N. Iscandari Evaluation of Diesel Engine by the Tombo Project, Sierra Leone 57 S.E. During Evaluation of Diesel Engines by the Shenge Project, Sierra Leone 60 T.D.K. Taylor, M. Koroma, P. Lerois and M. Bangura The Shrimp Trawler Industry of Sierra Leone 64 J.A.L. Cole The Potential for Expansion of the Industrial Fisheries of Sierra Leone 69 FAO Industries Division Enhancing the Role of Women in Artisanal and Industrial Fisheries 78 A. Demby and I. Leigh Domestic Fish Marketing in Sierra Leone 81 S. Etoh The Role of Fish for Consumption and Nutrition in Sierra Leone 90 P.A.S. Green, G. Carrol and E.D. Mason Abstracts from other conference papers 100 A Research Report from the Fisheries Centre at UBC Fisheries Centre Research Reports 20(4) 104 pages © Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2012 FISHERIES C ENTRE RESEARCH REPORTS ARE ABSTRACTED IN THE FAO AQUATIC SCIENCES AND F ISHERIES ABSTRACTS (ASFA) ISSN 1198-6727 9 DIRECTOR ’S F OREWORD I am pleased that Michael Vakily, Katy Seto and Daniel Pauly found the time to edit the nearly-forgotten manuscripts presented in these ‘belated’ proceedings, notably because they document an extremely important period in Sierra Leone in particular, and Africa in general: it was when, in the three decades following independence from colonial masters, a rapid development seemed possible, based on the exploitation of still abundant natural resources. Another reason why this effort is laudable is that a necessary condition for ensuring the sustainable management of Sierra Leonean fisheries, or of any country for that matter, is securing a minimum amount of scientific information about the resources exploited by the fisheries. This report contributes to this by retrieving what would have been lost information on Sierra Leonean fishery resources. What Africans, and Sierra Leonean in particular had not counted on is that independence did not guarantee access to these natural resources - indeed the competition for those resources continues still, and as far as fisheries resources are concerned, it is largely the EU, and increasing China, which wins, and not Sierra Leone. The contribution in this Fisheries Centre Research Report partly explains why Sierra Leone is losing out, and provides information that would support various initiatives currently being undertaken in Africa to recapture access to the resources for the people. A recent effort by the African Confederation of Artisanal Fishing Organizations (CAOPA) is a good example of such new initiative. Recently, CAOPA voiced its demands to FAO and its members, which included the need to (i) document better the impacts of the various types of exploitation of small pelagic fishes on food security; (ii) recommend to states and regional fisheries organizations to consider the role of small pelagic fishes in the ecosystems and in food security of developing countries’ populations when they are to make decisions for managing these resources, and allocating access to them; (iii) support initiatives and efforts that will contribute to establishing a concerted management of small pelagic resources in West Africa; (iv) support efforts by fishing communities to actively contribute to the management of these resources in a concerted and sustainable way; and (v) support an aquaculture based on species that do not require feed made from wild fish, that answers to the demands of local and regional markets, and that is not contributing to the unsustainable exploitation of small pelagic stocks. Thus: there is a path out of the present arrangements, and it would benefit most people. Ussif Rashid Sumaila, Director UBC Fisheries Centre August 2012 10 11 EDITORS ’ P REFACE A delay of 20 years in publishing the proceeding of a conference does require an explanation - it is not enough to just call them ‘belated’. The Manila-based International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management (ICLARM, now WorldFish Centre, based in Penang, Malaysia) initiated in 1991 a 4-year partnerships with Sierra Leone’s Institute of Marine Biology and Oceanography (IMBO), i.e., the “ Research Cooperation between IMBO and ICLARM on the Establishment of a Fishery Database for the Development and Management of the National Fisheries of Sierra Leone ”, which one of the editors (JMV) was to run, and another (DP) to supervise. The project was initially very successful and produced what it was supposed to do in terms of the database that was compiled 1, actionable insights gained 2,3,4,5 , and even personnel trained at Master 6 and PhD 7 level. However, such projects could not alter WKHSROLWLFDODQGPDWHULDOVLWXDWLRQLQ6LHUUD/HRQHZKLFKVORZO\WKHQUDSLGO\GHWHULRUDWHG¿QDOO\IRUFLQJWKHSURMHFWOHDGHU and his family to leave the country, after various attempts to cope 8. The conference “ National Seminar for Fishery Industries ” of which we present here the belated proceeding was held 25-29 November 1991 in Freetown, Sierra Leone, under the sponsorship of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United 1DWLRQV )$2 3DUWLFLSDQWV LQFOXGHG UHSUHVHQWDWLYHV RI DOO LQWHUHVW JURXSV LQ WKH ¿VKHULHV VHFWRU *RYHUQPHQW SXEOLF LQVWLWXWLRQVXQLYHUVLW\¿VKLQJFRPSDQLHV¿VKLQJFRPPXQLWLHVDQGGRQRUV+RZHYHULQVWHDGRIEHFRPLQJWKHVWDUWLQJSRLQW for a new push towards more rational exploitation of the marine resources, the conference saw its results relegated to oblivion, as it coincided with Sierra Leone’s agonizing ascent into a series of military coups and counter-coups, a situation which reached its nadir in 1999, when armed gangsters ruled in Freetown, maiming and killing people. This period, which also saw the burning of IMBO’s library, which we had just arranged to be refurbished 9ZDVQRWYHU\FRQGXFLYHWRVFLHQWL¿FSXEOLVKLQJ7KXVWKHSODQ WRSXEOLVKWKHSURFHHGLQJRIWKLVFRQIHUHQFHZDVSXWDVLGHDORQJZLWKWKH¿OHVRIWKHSUHVHQWHGPDQXVFULSWV Twenty years passed, and Sierra Leone is again in our sight, this time because one of the editors (DP) is planning to document, for all maritime countries of the world, the actual catches taken since 1950 from the waters of these countries, as opposed to (the often lesser) catches that these countries report to FAO. Such a plan involves the participation of numerous experts, and '3DVNHGWKHWKLUGHGLWRU .6 ZKRKDGGRQH¿HOGVWXGLHVRQWKH¿VKHULHVRI6LHUUD/HRQHIRUKHU0DVWHUDQG3K'UHVHDUFK to conduct a ‘catch reconstruction’ for that country. She accepted, and in her search for historic data, Katy stumbled on manuscripts of the 1991 conference. Realizing that much of the data within the documents had been lost in their original form, and that information was not available in published reports, she asked why the proceedings had never been published…. These belated proceedings constitute the answer. Reading the contributions included here can be discouraging. Jointly, they document the aspiration of a people who had DQGVWLOOKDYH WKHH[SHFWDWLRQWKDWWKH\VKRXOGEHQH¿WIURPWKH¿VKHULHVUHVRXUFHVLQWKHLUZDWHU+RZHYHUWKHVHOHJLWLPDWH H[SHFWDWLRQVZHUHWKZDUWHGDWHYHU\WXUQWKHFRXQWULHVZLWKGLVWDQWZDWHUÀHHWVRSHUDWLQJLQ6LHUUD/HRQHGLGQRWZDQWWRSD\ WKHLUGXHDQGOHIWRU¿VKHGLOOHJDOO\7KHFRPSDQ\6LHUUD/HRQHKLUHGWRSDWUROWKHLUZDWHUVPDGHVLGHGHDOVZLWKWKHSLUDWHV ZKLOHRQODQGWKHZHDNHFRQRP\DQGDQHYHQZHDNHUFXUUHQF\PDGHSUR¿WDEOHORQJWHUPLQYHVWPHQWVLPSRVVLEOH/DWHU WKHXQVSHDNDEOHKRUURUVDFFRPSDQ\LQJ6LHUUD/HRQH¶VSURWUDFWHGFLYLOZDUPDGHQDWLRQDO¿VKHULHVGHYHORSPHQWDQHQWLUHO\ academic question. 7KXVLWLVWKHHGLWRUV¶EHOLHIWKDWWKHVHSURFHHGLQJVDUHDYDOXDEOHUHVRXUFHIRUWKRVHRIXVLQWHUHVWHGLQLVVXHVRI¿VKHULHV µGHYHORSPHQW¶LQ$IULFDKLVWRULFDO¿VKLQJLQ6LHUUD/HRQHDQGFKDQJHVLQH[SORLWDWLRQDQGHFRORJ\LQWKH&HQWUDO(DVWHUQ Atlantic. In addition to technical questions such as those posed in several contributions (e.g., ‘What small diesel-powered craft LVDSSURSULDWHIRUVPDOOVFDOH¿VKHUVLQ6LHUUD/HRQH"¶ WKHVHSURFHHGLQJVUHYHDOVHULRXVFKDOOHQJHVRIHTXLW\QRWDEO\EHWZHHQ GLVWDQWZDWHU¿VKLQJFRXQWULHVHJIURPWKH(XURSHDQ8QLRQDQGWKHFRXQWULHVWKDWVXSSO\WKH¿VKEXWRWKHUZLVHUHPDLQ mired in poverty. We have work to do. We hope these belated proceedings will be found useful. 7KH(GLWRUV This report is a contribution of the Sea Around Us toward the project "Marine Conservation Research, Collaboration and Support in West Africa", funded by the MAVA Foundation. The Sea Around Us LVDVFLHQWL¿FFROODERUDWLRQEHWZHHQWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI %ULWLVK&ROXPELDDQGWKH3HZ(QYLURQPHQW*URXS
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