DOCSLIB.ORG

Deep Ancestry: Inside the Genographic Project by Spencer Wells

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Deep Ancestry: Inside the Genographic Project by Spencer Wells Western North American Naturalist Volume 68 Number 2 Article 16 6-10-2008 Deep Ancestry: Inside the Genographic Project by Spencer Wells Duane Jeffery Brigham Young University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan Recommended Citation Jeffery, Duane (2008) "Deep Ancestry: Inside the Genographic Project by Spencer Wells," Western North American Naturalist: Vol. 68 : No. 2 , Article 16. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol68/iss2/16 This Book Review is brought to you for free and open access by the Western North American Naturalist Publications at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Western North American Naturalist by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Western North American Naturalist 68(2), © 2008, pp. 260–261 BOOK REVIEW Deep Ancestry: Inside the Genographic a brief introduction to the project itself, Wells Project. 2006. Wells, Spencer. National takes his readers on the mandatory introduction Geographic Society, Washington, DC. to DNA structure, mutations, and haplotypes as $12.95, paperback; 247 pp. ISBN-13: markers for tracing ancestries. And he explains 978-1426201189. the logic of using accumulated mutations to give estimates of time in the ancient past and The human species is very diverse, and I estimates of haplogroups, the combinations of suspect that Spencer Wells has explored more human populations shown by common haplo- of that diversity in person than has any other types to share common ancestries. These por- living being—likely more than any other tions are spare but generally adequate. A short human being ever. It helps to have a title like glossary also helps. From there Wells launches Explorer in Residence at the National Geo- into the major thrusts of his story. graphic Society, but it is clear that for a lot of The stories of individual humans, which give the time he is explorer-not-in-residence. a personal touch to the overall summaries of It is a rare human who has ridden Russian data, open each chapter. Wells’s own grand- armored personnel carriers into the deep win- mother, a Nebraskan born to Danish immi- ter fastnesses of Siberia to herd reindeer with grants, is the focus to review what we know of the Chukchi people, and who has supped with the peopling of Europe. Phil Bluehouse, a Navajos in Arizona, hunter-gatherers in Africa, Navajo, is our entry to the peopling of the Aborigines in Australia, and folks in hidden Americas. And Virumandi, from southern India, villages in India. But Wells has done all that is a link to understanding the ancestry of Aus- and far more. The man has both a gift and an tralian Aborigines, whose ancestors apparently inner drive not only to visit such diverse peo- passed through India on their journey from ples but to collect their DNA and tease out Africa to the “island continent.” Lastly, Julius, their ancestry and origins. He seems to have a chief of a hunter-gatherer people on the edge inherited this drive from the 1st major worker of Africa’s Great Rift Valley, takes us back to to undertake such a project, Stanford’s Luigi humanity’s birthplace. Luca Cavalli-Sforza, with whom Wells did his There is a certain tenderness in these per- postdoctoral work. sonal stories. Phil Bluehouse cries for joy when Wells will be known to many readers as the the DNA confirms what he has long suspected author of the 2002 book The Journey of Man: and hoped: his ancestry goes back into Siberia. A Genetic Odyssey and for his work on various He has long harbored an unfathomed affinity television programs with the PBS, Discovery, toward the people of Siberia. (Some readers and National Geographic channels. Deep An - will be familiar with Navajos’ cultural exchanges cestry continues that tradition: an update on the in recent years with the Khanty tribe of Siberia, progress of the Genographic Project. (For those who seem to the Navajos like long-lost cousins.) who may not be familiar with it, this is a joint Julius’s people, on the other hand, have a dif- project sponsored by IBM and the National ferent story: they have always lived right where Geographic Society to gather DNA not only they are now. And Wells confirmed that for from the world’s indigenous peoples while they them: the original humans apparently evolved still exist and are identifiable, but also from just about where Julius and his tribe (the Had - anyone else who is willing to purchase a kit— zabe or Hadza) live now. They have kept the as over 160,000 people have done.) home place, it seems. I anticipate that we will see more works in I do not suggest that all such peoples have this genre, and they will be most welcome. After their stories confirmed; most emphatically do 260 2008] BOOK REVIEWS 261 not. But Wells does not dwell on those. He therefrom into the Levant about 100,000 years does, however, venture a guess about what the ago, but then “disappeared” from there, (2) original members of our species probably humans made a 2nd exit from Africa about looked like. “If Africans have had dark skin for 60,000 years ago, and (3) all modern Euro- 50,000 years, it is a certainty that our distant peans came from peoples who moved into ancestors were dark skinned. They also were Europe about 40,000 years ago. But just as likely to have been thin people of a height sim- the 1st emigration is detectable only from fos- ilar to African hunter-gatherer populations to - sils, it would take only 1 or 2 more fossil finds day (perhaps 5፱6፳ on average). Basically, . to alter this scenario. our earliest ancestors of 50,000 years ago pro - After his main story, Wells provides an over- bably looked very much like modern Africans” view of the future of the Genographic Project (p. 155). and then a rather extended appendix of mito- Attentive readers will catch a major omis- chondrial and Y-chromosome haplotype histo- sion from the continents I’ve mentioned above: ries. These histories will be especially useful what about Asia? Never fear; Asia’s story is for readers wishing to trace these molecular woven throughout all the others. While Africa markers. is the mother continent, everybody who did The book is written for a popular audience, not stay there had to exit through Asia. The but I do wish it had footnotes, or chapter end- DNA story makes this clear. The greatest notes at least, to give guidance to specific points amount of human genetic diversity is in of the fascinating histories told. A brief, though Africa; humans there have had the longest well-chosen, listing for further reading is given, time to accumulate diversity by mutation. (Just and some of these references are ongoing for beginners, the tallest and shortest humans websites. live there also: the Maasai and the Pygmies.) But I end with some data with which Wells Wells’s writing does not quite match some began his book. Summarizing work from his of the more popular science writers’ prose, but own Ph.D. adviser at Harvard (Richard Lew - it is definitely adequate and clear, and he has ontin), Wells emphasizes that the old idea of an admirable knack for picking useful illustra- human “races” just does not hold up. That idea tions for his story (clonal groves of aspens, for would suggest that there are major differences instance, to illustrate human haplogroups). between the races. Lewontin demonstrated, Wells weaves archeology and linguistics however, that 85% of human genetic diversity into his genetic story, though only to clarify is found within populations and “shared across some of the observed genetic patterns. Typos all populations and races.” Seven percent is are present but rare, and an occasional slip of found between populations within a single race, fact or interpretation may be evident. Wells such as between the Germans and the British. says, for instance, that the famous Hapsburg Only 8 percent is found between the classic lip of European royalty was made prominent “races,” and these are seemingly associated by inbreeding. But since the trait is due to an primarily with external appearances. The take- autosomal dominant allele, inbreeding is quite home message? Under the skin we are all fam- irrelevant to its history. ily, all siblings and cousins, and Wells uses the Wells makes a couple of broad assertions well-known ancestry of the Thomas Jefferson which may be modified by future research. / Sally Hemings family to illustrate that point. While recognizing that a couple of skeletal re - The Genographic Project already reveals mains do seem to show features of both Nean- the major outlines of our familial history; we derthals and modern humans, he says that the eagerly anticipate further and finer details. DNA data provide a “definitive answer” to the question of whether they interbred. They did Duane Jeffery not, says he, though many other workers still Department of Biology do not regard that as a fully resolved question. Brigham Young University Similarly, Wells asserts that (1) our own Provo, UT 84602 species evolved in Africa, made a brief exit E-mail: duane_ [email protected].
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Genetic Testing and the Implications for Future Therapies  Genetic Testing for Inherited Marrow Failure
    4/24/2017 Personalized Medicine: What This Talk Will Cover Genetic Testing and the Implications for Future Therapies Genetic testing for inherited marrow failure . General background: What are gene mutations? . Risk and severity: Do all people with inherited mutations develop disease? National Patient and Living with . How does medical genetic testing differ from commercially available testing? Aplastic Anemia, Family Conference MDS or PNH Las Vegas, NV April 22, 2017 Cytogenetic testing in Bone Marrow Failure Genomic profiling of bone marrow cells in MDS and AA for acquired mutations Implications for diagnosis, prognosis and therapies Katherine R. Calvo, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center National Institutes of Health Benefits and Limitations of Genetic Testing and Genomic Profiling Bethesda, Maryland Bone marrow failure syndromes: How can genetic testing help to distinguish and guide therapy? AA/PNH Part One: PNH LGL Autoimmune SDS Disease: AA MS, IBD, uveitis, HYPOCELLULAR Genetic Testing for DM type 1, etc. TELOMERE MDS (DKC) GATA2 MDS AML Inherited Marrow Failure FA Acquired AA SDS AA, aplastic anaemia; AID, autoimmune disease; AML, acute myelogenous leukemia; DKC, dyskeratosis congenita; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; LGL, large granular lymphocyte leukemia; GATA2, Gata2 deficiency; FA, Fanconi anemia; SDS, Shwachman–Diamond syndrome; MDS, myelodysplastic syndrome; MS, multiple sclerosis; DM, diabetes mellitus; PNH, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria Modified from Young NS, et al. Blood 2006;108:2509–19
    [Show full text]
  • Family Tree Dna Complaints
    Family Tree Dna Complaints If palladous or synchronal Zeus usually atrophies his Shane wadsets haggishly or beggar appealingly and soberly, how Peronist is Kaiser? Mongrel and auriferous Bradford circlings so paradigmatically that Clifford expatiates his dischargers. Ropier Carter injects very indigestibly while Reed remains skilful and topfull. Family finder results will receive an answer Of torch the DNA testing companies FamilyTreeDNA does not score has strong marks from its users In summer both 23andMe and AncestryDNA score. Sent off as a tree complaints about the aclu attorney vera eidelman wrote his preteen days you hand parts to handle a tree complaints and quickly build for a different charts and translation and. Family Tree DNA Reviews Legit or Scam Reviewopedia. Want to family tree dna family tree complaints. Everything about new england or genetic information contained some reason or personal data may share dna family complaints is the results. Family Tree DNA 53 Reviews Laboratory Testing 1445 N. It yourself help to verify your family modest and excellent helpful clues to inform. A genealogical relationship is integrity that appears on black family together It's documented by how memory and traditional genealogical research. These complaints are dna family complaints. The private history website Ancestrycom is selling a new DNA testing service called AncestryDNA But the DNA and genetic data that Ancestrycom collects may be. Available upon request to family tree dna complaints about family complaints and. In the authors may be as dna family tree complaints and visualise the mixing over the match explanation of your genealogy testing not want organized into the raw data that is less.
    [Show full text]
  • The Canada's History Beginner's Guide to Genetic
    THE CANADA’S HISTORY BEGINNER’S GUIDE TO GENETIC GENEALOGY Read in sequence or browse as you see fit by clicking on any navigation item below. Introduction C. How to proceed A. To test or not Testing strategies for beginners Reasons for testing Recovery guide for those who tested and were underwhelmed Bogus reasons for not testing Fear of the test D. Case studies “The tests are crap” Confirming a hypothesis with autosomal DNA Price Refuting a hypothesis with autosomal DNA Substantive reasons for not testing Confirming a hypothesis with Y DNA Privacy concerns Developing (and then confirming) a hypothesis with Unexpected findings autosomal DNA Developing a completely unexpected hypothesis from B. The ABCs of DNA testing autosomal DNA The four major testing companies (and others) Four types of DNA and three major genetic genealogy tests E. Assorted observations on interpreting DNA tests Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Y DNA F. More resources Autosomal DNA (atDNA) Selected recent publications X DNA Basic information about genetic genealogy Summarizing the tests Blogs by notable genetic genealogists (a selective list) Tools and utilities © 2019 Paul Jones The text of this guide is protected by Canadian copyright law and published here with permission of the author. Unless otherwise noted, copyright of every image resides with the image’s owner. You should not use any of these images for any purpose without the owner’s express authorization unless this is already granted in a cited license. For further information or to report errors or omissions, please contact Paul Jones. CANADASHISTORY.CA ONLINE SPECIAL FEATURE 2019 1 Introduction The “bestest best boy in the land” recently had his DNA tested.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Genealogy Genetic Genealogy
    Family History Research Using Genetic Genealogy Genetic Genealogy ● DNA Testing Companies ● Three most common types of testing using DNA ● Y-DNA ● mtDNA ● Autosomal DNA (atDNA) (including X-dna) ● DNA Analysis Tools Genetic Genealogy ● Main testing companies to choose from: ● Family Tree DNA - www.familytreedna.com ● Y-dna ($139USD), mtDNA ($79-199USD), atDNA ($79, includes ethnicity, not medically focussed) ● Accepts transfers from some other testing companies (possibly free, or ~$19USD) ● 23 and ME – www.23andme.com ● atDNA ($249CDN, includes ethnicity, medically focussed) ● Ancestry – www.dna.ancestry.com ● atDNA ($149CDN, includes ethnicity, not medically focussed) ● MyHeritage - www.myheritage.com ● atDNA $79USD, accepts dna transfers for free ● LivingDNA - www.livingdna.com ● atDNA $143CDN, plans to accept transfers in the near future ● *https://isogg.org/wiki/Autosomal_DNA_testing_comparison_chart (comparison details) Genetic Genealogy ● Three most common types of testing using DNA ● Y-DNA ● mtDNA ● Autosomal DNA (atDNA) (including X-dna) ● Each tests a different type of dna and they CANNOT be compared to each other ! Don’t compare apples to oranges! Genetic Genealogy ● Y-DNA for direct male line (test for men only) ● mtDNA for direct female line (test for men and women) Genetic Genealogy ● Y-DNA mtDNA mtDNA Inheritance male / female Genetic Genealogy ● Y-DNA genetic testing ● The y chromosome is only passed down from a man to his son. ● Every man has a y chromosome that has been passed down to him from thousands and thousands of generations of fathers to sons going back into the dawn of humanity (National Genographic Project). ● Since the start of the use of surnames fathers have tended to pass on their surname along with a y chromosome ● “Surname” projects have become very popular as people try to link together groups of men with a certain surname.
    [Show full text]
  • 4150 Cousins: What 7 DNA Ancestry Tests Can Tell You About Your Kin by Danielle Nadeau a Thesis Presented to the University Of
    4150 Cousins: What 7 DNA Ancestry Tests Can Tell You About Your Kin by Danielle Nadeau A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Arts in Public Issues Anthropology Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2015 © Danielle Nadeau 2015 Author’s Declaration I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this research paper. I authorize the University of Waterloo to lend this research paper to other institutions or individuals for the purpose of scholarly research. Danielle Nadeau December 22, 2015 ii Abstract This thesis presents the results of seven commercialized DNA ancestry tests that are all available to the public, for under $400 Canadian dollars each. This research is conducted to explore the use of commercialized DNA ancestry tests. The results from each test are compared in order to determine what they are able to tell a customer. The tests used are not the only tests available, but are chosen because of their popularity, price, and what they claim to be able to report to their customer. I find the databases that the tests include online to ‘find relatives’, who are other customers having the same Haplogroup or another matching genetic identifier, to be the most troublesome aspect of the results. Specifically, it is important for the public to clearly understand that these tests are not as conclusive as they are advertised to be, so that they are not misled in thinking that the tests have the potential to show things with certainty that they cannot. iii Acknowledgments First, I would like to thank my supervisor, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Joseph Driggs Is Not Josias Drake, Jr
    Joseph Driggs is Not Josias Drake, Jr. Joseph Driggs of East Haddam, Connecticut died between 31 October 1748 and 15 November 1748 (dates of his will and probate). He was buried in the Congregational Church Cemetery in Millington, Connecticut. Is first appearance in any confirmed record is in 1709 when he is listed in a Company of Connecticut Troops returning from Woods Hole, near Lake George, New York, after an expedition against Canada (then French). He married Elizabeth Martin, a widow of Joseph Bourn, on 13 September 1716 in Middletown, Connecticut. They had five children between 1716 and 1724. Joseph later married Martha Holland. Joseph Driggs left many descendants; many of them are recorded in two volumes. The first, Driggs Family History , by Howard R. Driggs, was published in 1959. The second, Driggs Family History Volume 2 , followed in 1971 and was authored by L. Lynne Driggs, Harry Stoddard Driggs, with Howard R. Driggs given a posthumous acknowledgement (he had died in 1963). Both volumes claim that Joseph Driggs was born Josias Drake, Jr., the son of Josias Janszen Drats and Aeltje Brouwer who lived at Gowanus, Long Island, and apparently later at Newtown. Although I will not go into it now, it should be noted that both volumes also have incorrectly left the impression with some readers that Josias Janszen Drats, was a member of the De Raet family. This claim is unsubstantiated and completely incorrect. As it turns out, the claim that Joseph Driggs was born Josias Drake, Jr. can now be confirmed as completely incorrect. The tale, as told in the Driggs Family History volumes and since repeated by some others, is that in about 1703, a young man washed ashore on a sand bar at Saybrook, Connecticut.
    [Show full text]
  • The Genographic Project Public Participation Mitochondrial DNA Database
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Department of Anthropology Papers Department of Anthropology 6-29-2007 The Genographic Project Public Participation Mitochondrial DNA Database Doron M. Behar Saharon Rosset Jason Blue-Smith Oleg Balanovsky Shay Tzur See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/anthro_papers Part of the Anthropology Commons, Genetics Commons, Genomics Commons, and the Molecular Genetics Commons Recommended Citation Behar, D. M., Rosset, S., Blue-Smith, J., Balanovsky, O., Tzur, S., Comas, D., Mitchell, R., Quintana-Murci, L., Tyler-Smith, C., Wells, R., Genographic Consortium, & Schurr, T. G. (2007). The Genographic Project Public Participation Mitochondrial DNA Database. PLoS Genetics, 3 (6), e104. https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pgen.0030104 Theodore G. Schurr is not listed as an individual author on this paper but is part of the Genographic Consortium. A full list of Genographic Consortium members for this paper can be found the Acknowledgements. Correction: The original version of Dataset S1 was truncated. The full dataset can be found at http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pgen.0030169 and in the Additional Files section of this record. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/anthro_papers/46 For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Genographic Project Public Participation Mitochondrial DNA Database Abstract The Genographic Project is studying the genetic signatures of ancient human migrations and creating an open-source research database. It allows members of the public to participate in a real-time anthropological genetics study by submitting personal samples for analysis and donating the genetic results to the database.
    [Show full text]
  • Dna Tests for Genealogy
    DNA TESTS FOR GENEALOGY By Ken McNaughton At the turn of this century two researchers made major contributions in the field of DNA testing for genealogy—Spencer Wells and Bryan Sykes. Spencer Wells (Fig. 1) is an American geneticist and anthropologist and explorer-in-residence at the National Geographic Society in Washington D.C. He has written two books on the subject [1, 2] and leads The Genographic Project. Attending one of his presentations [3] inspired me to read four books. Bryan Sykes (Fig. 2) is Professor of Human Genetics at the University of Oxford and founder of Oxford Ancestors Ltd., a genealogical DNA testing firm. He has written numerous books on the subject, two of which are referred to here [4, 5]. Figure 1. Spencer Wells on expedition explains the Genographic Project to village leaders in Chad (photo by David Evans). Sykes and Wells and other researchers have made so many fundamental discoveries about genetic anthropology over the last few years that many long-held ideas have been overturned. I visited the National Museum of Natural History in Washington D.C. on 23 December 2008 just after it reopened following a two-year overhaul. In the Anthropology section almost all of the displays had notices to the effect “This exhibit is out of date and is being revised.” Wells’s books concentrate on our descent from ‘Adam’ and ‘Eve’ in Africa and follow migration through the various branches—including seven in Europe—all over the world. Sykes’s books concentrate on seven maternal groups in Europe and the streams that populated Great Britain and Ireland.
    [Show full text]
  • Which DNA Test Should I Purchase?
    Which DNA Test Should I Purchase? Which test should you order? • What is your ethnicity estimate? o Autosomal test with 23andme, Ancestry, FTDNA or MyHeritage o 23andme is thought by experts to be most reliable; all are “estimates” • What is the health information found in your DNA? o 23andme, Ancestry, and FTDNA offer various options at various price points. Read websites carefully to see what you are getting o Upload any company’s autosomal raw data file results to 3rd party websites: Promethease.com (will get uploaded into MyHeritage DNA database, but can be deleted) or Codegen.eu to get a free (or nearly free) genetic health report o Consult your Doctor for serious health concerns • What is your background or family history? o Autosomal test with Ancestry, Family Tree DNA or MyHeritage o 23andme is a health testing company and doesn’t provide you with much genealogical support/information, so not generally as highly recommended if you seek genealogical information. Serious genealogists and those solving a family mystery should test at all 4 companies. • Who was the father of your ancestor? o Autosomal test of closest living relative to mystery man, provided mystery man isn’t more than 5-6 generations removed from testee o Test at all 4 autosomal testing companies o 37 marker or higher Y-DNA test of a male, direct-line paternal descendant of mystery man • Who was the mother of your ancestor? o Autosomal test of closest living relative to mystery woman, provided mystery woman isn’t more than 5-6 generations removed from testee o Test at all 4 autosomal testing companies o In some cases, order a full-spectrum mtDNA test of a male or female to find their mother’s direct female line.
    [Show full text]
  • July 2019 Schaumburg Township District Library Genealogy Newsletter
    TABLE OF CONTENTS July 2019 --- No. 286 Please Note ……….……………………………………………………………………………………….….…. Page 2 August 13, 2019 Program …………………….……..…....….…...…….…................… Page 2 Welcome …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Page 3 Who We Are ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Page 4 Short Takes/Potpourri ……………………………………………………………………………………….. Page 5 23andMe Updates Ethnicity Reports Without Telling Users ................. Page 5 GEDmatch Changes Its Terms Of Service .…….………………….……….…...…. Page 6 Rolling Stone Ronnie Wood Has Complex Genealogy.....................…… Page 6 How Your Privacy Will Be Protected In 2020 Census .…...................…. Page 7 National Geographic DNA Genome Project Ends..............................… Page 8 How 23andMe Will Mine Data For Health And Wealth ......................… Page 8 Local Genealogy Society News/Programs …………………………………………………..……. Page 9 Northwest Suburban Genealogy Society ……………………………..………………. Page 9 DuPage County Genealogical Society ……………………………………………………. Page 10 CAGGNI (Computer Assisted Genealogy Group of Northern Illinois) …………………….....………………………………………………………… Page 11 Internet Information …………………………………………………………………………………….….. Page 12 FamilySearch Celebrates 20 Years Online ....……………………………......….. Page 12 Genealogy Mapping Website Updates Again …...............................… Page 13 Periodical News …………………………………………………………………………………………….…… Page 14 Internet Genealogy ………….…………..…….…………..……………...........…….…… Page 15 Books In Print …………………………………………………………………………………………….……… Page 21 No
    [Show full text]
  • Ethical Reflection on Developments in Genetic Testing in Connection with Very High Throughput Human DNA Sequencing
    1 National Consultative Ethics Committee for Health and Life Sciences OPINION N° 124 Ethical Reflection on Developments in Genetic Testing in Connection with Very High Throughput Human DNA Sequencing Opinion published on January 21st 2016 Opinion N° 124 2 Members of the Working Group *** Christiane BASSET Laure COULOMBEL Frédérique DREIFUSS-NETTER Cynthia FLEURY (rapporteur) Patrick GAUDRAY (rapporteur) Claude MATUCHANSKY (up to 2014) Francis PUECH * Philippe ROUVILLOIS (up to 2014) Dominique STOPPA-LYONNET * This Opinion is dedicated to the memory of Philippe Rouvillois Opinion N° 124 3 Personalities Heard *** Laurent ALEXANDRE: Urologist, surgeon, President of DNAvision, Belgium Henri ATLAN: Professor Emeritus of Biophysics, Director of the Human Biology Research Centre, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel François BAUMANN: General Practitioner, Founder and former President of the Société de Formation Thérapeutique du Généraliste (SFTG) (Society for GP therapy training) Roger BESSIS: Sonographer, former President of the Collège français d’échographie fœtale (French College of Foetal Ultrasonology) Louis BUJAN: President of the Centres d’Etude et de Conservation des Œufs et du Sperme (CECOS). Groupe de Recherche en Fertilité Humaine (Centre for the study and conservation of ova and sperm. Human fertility research group); Paule de Viguier University Teaching Hospital, TOULOUSE Anne CAMBON-THOMSEN: Research Supervisor, CNRS, M.D. specialising in human immunoge- netics, Inserm - Paul Sabatier University, Epidemiology and public health
    [Show full text]
  • 13219 Biosafty
    Biosafety First Terje Traavik and Lim Li Ching (eds) BIOSAFETY FIRST – Holistic Approaches to Risk and Uncertainty in Genetic Engineering and Genetically Modified Organisms © Norsk institutt for genøkologi (GenØk), Tromsø &Tapir Academic Press, Trondheim 2007 ISBN 978-82-519-2113-8 This publication may not be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means; electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photo-copying, recording or otherwise, without permission. Layout: Type-it AS Printed and binded by PDC Tangen As Cover photos: Thomas Bøhn. Tapir Academic Press N–7005 TRONDHEIM Tel.: + 47 73 59 32 10 Fax: +4773593204 E-mail: [email protected] www.tapirforlag.no Editors-in-Chief Professor Terje Traavik Norwegian Institute of Gene Ecology (GenØk), Tromsø, Norway Department of Microbiology and Virology, University of Tromsø, Norway Lim Li Ching Third World Network, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Editorial Board Thomas Bøhn Jan Husby Katrine Jaklin Anne Ingeborg Myhr David Quist Norwegian Institute of Gene Ecology (GenØk), Tromsø, Norway Kaare M. Nielsen Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø, Norway Lim Li Lin Third World Network, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Editorial Staff Marit H. Fenne Olga Goldfain Katrine Jaklin Kamilla Kjølberg Jannik Mennen Graphics Jannik Mennen Figures 1.1, 2.2–2.4, 3.1–3.4, 4.1–4.7 and timeline. Theviews expressed in this book are those of the contributors and do not necessarily represent those of the Editors, nor the organizations they represent. CONTENTS PREFACE 13 INTRODUCTION BY THE EDITORS 19 PART ONE Chapter 1 LIFE ON EARTH 25 Terje Traavik and Thomas Bøhn Chapter 2 INTRODUCTION TO SOME BASIC FEATURES OF GENETIC INFORMATION: FROM DNA TO PROTEINS 41 David Quist, Kaare M.
    [Show full text]