(palace), theroyalcemetery, androyalmosqueof sites whichcontaintheremains ofthe area ofKotagedehasnoteworthy archaeological isfamousforitscultural heritage. The core 36,300 asof2006.Duetoits relativelonghistory, a coverageareaof440ha.and hasapopulationof Mataram being oneoftheoldcapitalsmightyIslamic in Kotagedeisbelievedtobethetown’s reasonfor big marketplace, Province Jogjakarta.(Figure1a&Figure1b) The city centerofJogjakarta,thecapitalSpecial Gajah Wong River, about5kmtothesoutheastof The cityofKotagedeissituatedontheEastbank 2006 KOTAGEDEPOST-CATACLYSM AND 1. INTRODUCTION: ABSTRACT Email: [email protected] School of Architecture, PlanningandPolicyDevelopmentITB Associate Professor, Architectural DesignResearchGroup Dr.-Ing. Ir. Widjaja Martokusumo Jogjakarta SpecialProvince, Heritage ManagementinKotagede, Problems andChallengesofPost-Cataclysm The FutureneedsthePast: Keywords solutions, butdemonstratethechallengesinresponsetourbandynamicsafter2006earthquake. illustrate theutilizationofexistingurbanfabric,inwhichthroughrede needs andnotbeaboutmakingstaticmuseumplaces. Two casestudiesofpost-calamityreconstruction Jogjakarta SpecialProvince,Indonesia,sustainableconservationshouldevolvewithnewcontemporary to bothreconstructhistoricalfabricsandcreatenewmeaningsfunctions. As demonstratedinKotagede, I disasters. Earthquakesinterruptthehistoricalcontinuityofplacemakingandcreateanopportunity n additiontotraditionalcausesofdecay, culturalheritageisincreasinglythreatenedbynatural kingdominIndonesia. Today,Kotagede has : Sustainability, PastandFuture,juxtaposition,Kotagede,JogjakartaSpecialProvince. Problems andChallengesofPost-CataclysmHeritageManagementinKotagede,JogjakartaSpecialProvince,Indonesia Pasar Gede orinshort Sargede keraton ,

Tunggal. arrangement basedupontheconceptof of thoseelementsrelatestoauniquespatial Like othertraditionalJavanesecity, theconstellation including tracesoftheuniquetraditionalsettlement. back fromthelate16thandearly17thcenturies, Mataram andotherarchaeologicalfeatures,dated the survived, andtheycanstillbe recognized,except Today, someofthesearchaeologicalfeatureshave walled compoundseachcontaining manystructures. predominantly openspaces,while theothertwowere elements, the and formedbyHinduismBuddhism. The two of Kotagedehadalsobeenspatiallyinfluenced capital ofMajapahit. Thus, theIslamiccharacter Javanese Palacecityaswelltheancientroyal market-square ( compound. alun-alun, The four-foldcon fi nition and reprogramming do not reveal nition andreprogrammingdonotreveal alun-alun whichhasbecomeasettlement alun-alun andthemarketplace,were fi ) recallsthesettingofa guration mosque-palace- The FutureneedsthePast: Catur Gatra Catur Gatra

Nakhara 121 Nakhara 122 and adeathtollofmorethan6000(International heritage structuresweredamagedinJogjakarta, of naturaldisasters.In2006,morethan200listed the wholenationthatlivingwithunpredictability Indonesia stronglyindicatestheundeniablefactthat Winardi etal.,2006). This seriesofearthquakesin 2005. (cf.Ikaputra,2011, Martokusumo,2007and in JogjakartaMay2001, August 2004,andJuly earthquake in2006,therehavebeenearthquakes of Jogjakarta,includingKotagede.Priortothe in thanaminute,andseverelydamagedthecity The earthquakeofMay27,2006tookplaceless natural disasterstoo. changing socialandeconomicconditions,butby “traditional” humancausesofdecay, suchasby threatened withdestructionnotmerelybythe that culturalandnaturalheritageisincreasingly 4). Additionally, theconvention eloquentlystated in the1972UNESCOconvention(article11, nr. historic buildingsandworksofart,ashighlighted led todestructionandmostlyirreparabledamageof earthquake, landslides,volcaniceruptionsetc.,have Natural disasters,suchascataclysms/calamities, Dr.-Ing. Ir. Widjaja Martokusumo Source: Redrawn byFauziafterBakosurtanalMap, 2006 The ProvinceofCentralJavaand theSpecialProvinceofJogjakarta Figure 1a: Republic ofIndonesia Province ofJogjakarta, Java andtheSpecial The ProvinceofCentral musicgroups( traditional foods,suchas silver, copper, leather, andothermaterials, as acenterofJavaneseartsandcraftsingold, reputation insilvercrafts,Kotagedeisalsofamous silver craftcottageindustry. Beyonditswell-known speci architectures, andtheintangibleheritageo such asarchaeologicalsites,Javanesetraditional historic structuresofvaluabletangibleheritage Recovery Program,2009).InKotagede,both groups ( reading ( ceremonies onspecialdays( belong totheperformingartsincludingofferings Figure 2b) region knownastheRingofFire.(Figure2a& of thearchipelagoissituatedwithinavulnerable the Indonesianarchipelago,inwhichlargerpart Kotagede itself,andtothegeographicalcontextof of destructionhasacloserelationtothelocation Recovery Program,2009).Theextremecondition an asceticreligiouslife( fi c activitiesweredevastated,especiallythe mocopat syalawatan ), keroncong ), tingklung karawitan kipo tirakatan music, religious music music,religiousmusic and caos ), Javanese poetry ), Javanesepoetry legomoro ) ( ) andritualof International puppetry aswell. fl ocal Source: B.Budiono,2006inW. Martokusumo,2007 Seismic activityinIndonesia Figure 2a: Jogjakarta Source: UNDP –PemerintahKota and Kotagede The Administrative mapofJogjakarta Figure 1b: Problems andChallengesofPost-CataclysmHeritageManagementinKotagede,JogjakartaSpecialProvince,Indonesia dan DITPBL,DTJKMinistryofPublicWorks Source: RedrawnbyFauziafterPetaPanduanJelajahPusakaKotagede(l) (Between Two Gates) Kotagede HistoricDistrict,OmahUGM(A),JokoNugroho’s House(B)- Figure 1c: Source: USGS/CVO2011 Major volcanoesinIndonesia Figure 2b: The FutureneedsthePast:

Nakhara 123 Nakhara 124 reveal theobstacles andchallengesinregard tothe in thediscourseofsustainability. The casesalso contemporary needsmustbeperceived asimportant juxtaposition betweenexisting historicfabricand programming offunctionaluses. Followingthis,the existing urbanfabricthrough rede The casestudieswillintroduce theutilizationof for adaptabilityandsustainabilityoftheurbanlegacy. traditional legacyforcontemporaryuseasabasis a sensibleapproachispresentedinreadjusting Based upontworeconstructioncasesinKotagede, social, economic,andtechnologicalchanges. in therehabilitationschemewithnecessary efforts toretaintraditionsoflocalarchitecture world willberevealed.Questionsareraisedon making ofresidentialneighborhoodsinachanging post-disaster reconstruction.Con historic fabricinKotagede’s traditionalsettlementin This paperaddressesefforts tomakeuseofthe traditions andcollectivememory. globalization, uncontrolleddevelopment,lossof factors willalsobeasimportanttheissueson heritage duetovariousnaturalandhuman-caused increasing riskstotangibleandintangiblecultural a structureorplace.Inthecurrentdebates, be affected byrehabilitating,enlarging orrebuilding site’s authenticityreliesongenius loci,whichmaynot believed, especiallybythe Asian community, thata physical changesataheritagesite.Itiscommonly alive butareenhancedandenlivenedbydynamic really matter. In Asia, livingtraditionsarenotonlykept genius loci(itssenseofplace). As such,thesitedoes architectural integrityaslesssigni Some traditionalculturesconsiderasite’s original separation betweenhumankindandnature. that in Asian culturestherehasbeennohierarchical imperative aswell.Stubbs(2009)haspointedout of naturaldisasterinthefutureasanecological to someextenthasberesponsivethethreats only resourcedevelopmentandmanagement,but creating sustainableurbanformmustaddressnot Schmit, 2004).Fromthispointofview, theissueof the notionoftotalenvironment(cf.Fezerand contemporary societycouldnotbeseparatedwith the livingtraditionsonspatialproductionin historic structures.Undoubtedly, attemptstoprotect cataclysm discourseregardingtheprotectionof Javanese folkarchitectureshasledtoapost- the lossoflocalspecifictraditionsandhistoric heritage hasbeenraised. After the2006earthquake, methods andapproachesinconservingcultural not surprisingthattodayamyriadofquestionson face constantthreatfromnaturaldisaster. Itis Indonesia’s importantparticularculturalresources Dr.-Ing. Ir. Widjaja Martokusumo fl icts intheplace fi nition andre- fi cant thanits spiritual resources. including itsverybasicmaterialsandimportant protects informationandmessagesfromthepast, with culturalsignificance. Accordingly, italso urban fabric,includingartifactsandbuildings conservation dealswiththeprotectionofhistoric between sustainabilityandconservation. aspects thatmightexplainthecomplexrelationship life. IngeneralWohlleben (2003) offers tworelated acomplex engagementdealingwiththememoryof performance, andthuscanbeunderstoodas preservation canbeperceivedasacultural Architectural andurbanconservationorhistoric Sustainability andConservation 2.1 Harmonybetween CHANCE 2. THECRISIS AS PROSPECTIVE history. rather thanatthesimpleretentionofauthenticurban (urban) experiencesthathaveahistoricalidentity, (urban) conservationaimatthecreationofpleasant also toapropositionthatthelatestofdiscourseson Wohlleben, 2003).Finally, thisdiscussionrefers urban dynamics,andthefuturewillberequired(cf. readjusting orinreinterpretingthepastintocurrent a sensitive,criticalandcreativeengagementin past andfuture(Fezer/Schmit,2004).Furthermore, be necessaryinordertoachievebalancebetween of thechangingsocio-culturalcontextwillinevitably conservation, arepositioningandreinterpretation In relationtotheefforts onplacemakingand an importantculturalresource. reconstruction ofJavanesetraditionalsettlement,as and valuestogether withgreatuncertainties, concerns. Inaworldofrapidchanges intechnology including communityneedsand growingecological now evenmoreruledbyasense offunctionaluse, As expressedelsewhere,heritage conservationis management (cf.deWandeler, 2012). heritage conservationisindeedamatterofresource historical richnessanddiversity. As such,urban have beenconceivedasavaluableresourceof and attitudestowardshistoricurbanenvironments and developed.Respectively, thehistoricalfabric built environmenthavegraduallybeenstimulated way ofthinkingabouthistoricalevidencethe maintenance andprotectionmechanism,anew Secondly , togetherwiththe First , houses andsettlements( by Javanesetraditionalhouses,unique richness. which guaranteethesustainabilityofcultural constitutes thepluralityanddiversityofurbanform, The conservationofhistoricfabricbyallmeans signi Mayor asa“LivingMuseum”becauseofthehighly In 2003KotagedewasdeclaredbytheJogjakarta The FaithofFolkHeritage 2.2 Folk Architecture inJeopardy: historic fabrichasbeenrespectivelyin attitude towardsoldbuildings,structuresand (cf. Martokusumo,2008).Followingthis,people’s heritage conservationarerecentlybeingexplored conservation, moreandpotentialobjectsfor objects. Withsuchanexpandedconceptofheritage and culturaltraditions,otherenvironmental natural orculturallandscape,topography, social than thehistoricalassociationsofaplace,i.e. where environmentalconcernsaremoredominant has expandeditsareaofinterestsintodimensions in theheritageconservationmovementsisthatit ecology). Perhapsthemostessentialdevelopment the trilogyofsustainability(society, economyand their material,spiritual,emotionalsharesbelongto infrastructure, buildingsandtheurbanfabricwith too. According toMauch(2003,17),socialnetworks, but laterthediscoursesdealtwithculturalresources the discussionsmostlyfocusedonnaturalresources, creating sustainableenvironments.Inthebeginning, in 1987becameapoliticalgoalthediscussionof The principleofsustainabilitytheBrundtlandreport of certainurbanareas. and theycontributesigni culturally andspatiallyre Accordingly, pluralityanddiversityaresocially, that willin diversity andanacceptanceoftheurbanreality period ofuncertaintyandplurality, itisunityin investigative andunrestrained. Therefore, inthe architecture isever-changing,multidirectional, were registeredinthefourregencies ( calamity, morethan1230intact heritagestructures from devastationanddestruction. Priortothe tangible andintangibleheritage suddenlysuffered silver craftsmen.However, afterthe2006earthquake properties were ingoodcondition. The percentage to Ikaputra(2011) around90%(1,130) ofthecultural and cityofJogjakartaSpecial Province. According fi cantvaluesandcharacteristicsdemonstrated fl uence theproductionofurbanspace. Problems andChallengesofPost-CataclysmHeritageManagementinKotagede,JogjakartaSpecialProvince,Indonesia fi cantly to the distinctiveness cantly tothedistinctiveness fl ected intheurbanrealm, kampongs ) ofauthentic Kabupaten fl uenced. Kalang ) urban fabric. or folkarchitecture,whichindeed constitutesthe of prominentmonumentsinstead ofthemundane focused ontheso-called“grand iconicarchitecture” 2009). Furthermore,theattention hadmerelybeen reconstruction oftraditional houses(Adhisakti, and reconstructionprogramdoesnotcoverthe Undoubtedly, thenationalhousingrehabilitation account bythegovernmentinrecoveryprogram. historic districtwerenotimmediatelytakeninto reconstruction ofarchitecturalheritageandthe a verylowpriority. InthecaseofKotagede, protection ofculturalheritageplacesisconsidered worsened bythepost-earthquakesituationwhen Mitigation. As Ikaputra(2011) reported,thisiseven explicitly includedintheLawno.24/2007onDisaster earthquake situation. Till thisday, heritageisyettobe contributed tothelossoffolkarchitectureinpost- A lackofattentionandawarenesshasalso August 2009). damages (ReportofLokakaryaSinkronisasi,19 and 17houses(about19%)hasinsigni and, 16houses(about18%)werepartiallycollapsed, damaged, 47houses(54%)weretotallycollapsed in Kotagedewereaffected: 8 houses (9%)were that 88traditionalhousesfromthetotal150 Conservation (CHC). This team (2006)reported organizations, ledbytheCentreforHeritage earthquake, andconsistedofseveralcommunity Jogja Bangkit suffering toinhabitantsofKotagede. The to culturalheritage,italsobroughtsocio-economic folk architecture,hasresultedinaseriousthreat 2011). Inshort,whilethemassivedestructionof and DevelopmentofCulture Arts Jogjakarta, houses, financiallyortechnically. (Preservation to thelackoflocalcapabilityinrebuildingtheir had unfortunatelybeensoldandremoveddue also reportedthat31collapsedtraditionalhouses dan PengembanganSeniBudaya earthquake, meanwhilethe traditional housesweredamagedduetothe According toalocalreport,atleast80Javanese Watch Listof100MostEndangeredSites” Kotagede waslistedinthe Due totheseverelossofheritagestructures, before, to320damagedbuildingsnow. areas hasincreasedfrom9%to26%,about110 such, thepercentageofdamagedstructuresinthose it declinedto74%oflistedheritagestructures. As extensively decreasedaftertheearthquake,and teamwassetupshortlyafterthe Lembaga Pelestarian “World Monument The FutureneedsthePast: inJogjakarta fi cant/minor in 2008. Pusaka

Nakhara 125 Nakhara 126 traditional house( conservation willundoubtedlyberequired. dynamic andsensibleapproachforheritage chance, inwhichcriticalassessmentwithamore challenges shouldbeunderstoodasaprospective the culturalpatrimonyandlegacyofpast.New accordingly setupanewchallengeinsafeguarding limitation oftechnicalsupportandresources,will de safeguarding ourlegacyofthepast.Suchconditions, is globallyacknowledgedasanelusivetaskin and culturalvalues,withinspeci Now, theprotectionandsustainabilityofhistorical development dynamic. and taskinrespondingtothecontemporaryurban folk heritage,hasbecomeacontemporarychallenge of architectureandhistoricurbanareas,includingthe 2002). Thus, theprotectionofextraordinary quality places andartifacts(cf.Stubbs,2009Logan, historical attributesandvaluesembeddedincertain resulted inaseriousthreattothesustainabilityof development andinsensitivephysicalrepairshave (Ikaputra, 2011). Ingeneral,uncontrolleddisruptive reconstruction haveeventuallybeencriticized policy andrecoveryprogramsrelatedtoheritage most destructiveinJogjakarta’s history, respective Since theearthquakewasconsideredtobe role intherebuildingprogram. political willforconservationalsoplayanimportant Moreover, acomplexbureaucraticsystemandpoor financial, andtechnicalassistanceisprepared. years beforeintegratednationalsupportofpolicy, Stubbs, 2009). As such,itoftentakestwotothree structures (cf.Martokusumo,2012;Logan,2002and recovery programsintheformofbuildingnew been onhumanitarianaidandbasicinfrastructure focus ofpost-disastermanagementhadparticularly folk architecture.Severalauthorsshowedthatthe works oftenthreatenculturalheritage,especially insensible physicalrepairsandreconstruction Given theemergencypriorityofarecoveryprogram, Dr.-Ing. Ir. Widjaja Martokusumo were oncebuilt intheperiodbetween19 the general, traditionalhouses fallintotwotypes, and dominatetheurbansetting ofKotagede.In A signi TRADITION REVISITED? TRADITIONAL HOUSES: 3. RECONSTRUCTIONOF fi ned mostlybytheproblematicsituationand Kalang fi cant numberoftraditionalhousesconstitute house( rumah Kalang ). The fi c, localconditions, ) andJavanese Kalang houses th and indigenous Javanesetraditionalhouse.(Figure3a) are thesignificantfeatures the roleascommunal facilitywithinthedomestic the servicearea.InKotagede, many private mainbuilding(locallyknown as yet mostofthose referred tothetraditionalpatternofJavanesehouse, business activities.Eventhelayoutofthishouse was mostlydedicatedtoaccommodatethetrader’s street. Furthermore,thefunctionaluseofhouse mostly locatedinthe traders andbusinesspeopleofKotagede,are houses. These houseswerebuiltbytherichlocal Western culturescanbefoundinthese a mixofdifferent in common thatbuildingornamentsandstyleswith been in called the mixofin application ofmodernconstructiontechnologyand bricks andmortar. Inshort,thefunctionaluse, 20 assembly hall(locallycalled different areas:thepublicarea,representedbyan Javanese houseiscommonly dividedintothree north-south orientation. The siteplanoftraditional or square,andthelayoutofsiteplanhasa the Javanesehouseplan( roof type. The rooftypefallsintothreeforms,i.e. traditional housecanberecognizedthroughits everydaylife. The Javaneseby thefarmer’s In contrast,theJavanesehouseismorecharacterized Source: W. Martokusumo, 2011 ,atthemainstreetofKotagede Figure 3a: th century. Architecturally, theybelongtotheso- Indisch fl uenced byJavaneseattributes.Itisvery , Limasan fl uences fromlocalandWestern cultures architecture,whichhadextensively Kalang and fl uences frombothlocaland Tegalgendhu houseswerebuiltwith omah pendapa comparing to . The basicformof ) isrectangular alongthemain pendapas ), thesemi- dalem Kalang ), and play the

(Adiwibowo etal.,2011). (Figure3b) longkangan been addedforthebene functions togetherwithphysical improvementshave re-use projectofaprivateresidence, inwhichnew Nugroho’s houseisrepresentativeofanadaptive as Purbayan,Kedatonand Selokraman.Joko in part,severaladministrativeclusterssuch Kotagede’s uniquetraditionalsettlementincludes, Cluster Purbayan 3.1 TheJokoNugroho’s House, and acreativepopulistapproach. engagement, governance,technicaladjustments, thoughtful considerationhighlightingsocio-cultural between traditionandmodernimperativesneeds and thecontemporaryneeds. The juxtaposition old structurestoaccommodateplacemaking the chancesandchallengesinreadjusting in Kotagede,thetwofollowingcasestudiesreveal As partofthepost-cataclysmrehabilitationworks Source: Redrawnafter Adiwibowo etal.(2011) The generalspatiallayoutofJavanesehouse Figure 3b: open areabetween performance (Santoso,1999).Meanwhile,the for congregationalprayerratherthantraditional domain. However, theyaremorefrequentlyused ( is locatedinthePurbayanadministrative cluster kelurahan ), whereitisalso knownas , belongstotheprivateareaofhouse. Problems andChallengesofPost-CataclysmHeritageManagementinKotagede,JogjakartaSpecialProvince,Indonesia dalem fi t ofpublicuse. The house and pendapa Kampung , called for peopleand settlement. The reconstruction based programonrehabilitation andreconstruction Berbasis Komunitas dan RekonstruksiMasyarakat danPermukim the JavaReconstructionFund (JRF) and managed bytheMinistryofPublic Works through reconstruction ofthishouse in2010,anditwas of theNetherlandsfinanciallysupported Joko’s houseisoneofexample. The government destroyed andtotallycollapsed. The Worst ofall,almostallthe have alsobeendestroyed,inpartorthewholeunit. of thistype. A numberoftraditional The 2006earthquakedamagedmanyneighborhoods reason. axis ofsuchneighborhood,arealsoforthesecurity gates areeachinstalledmarkingthewest-east entrance andattheendof the communalspaceforneighborhood. At the within theneighborhood. Thus, thispathwayisalso for otherdailyactivities,andevensocialevents This areaisusedasachildren’s playgroundand circulation areaissemi-private,butopentopublic. circulation forthisneighborhood. This 1-3mwide The pathway( pendapa pathway circulation,whichislocatedbetween The housesaregroupedsidebyalongalinear at thenorthandsouthsideofneighborhood. orientation, andthemainpubliccirculationislocated Groups ofhousesarealignedinthenorth-south most likelyhasanextendedfamilyrelationship. houses. Inthissmallneighborhood,thecommunity cluster Purbayan,theneighborhoodhasnine consists ofseveralhouses,andintheadministrative terminology 1986.Ingeneral,eachneighborhood from theUniversityofGadjahMadaintroduced Researchers R.Wondoamiseno andSigitS.Basuki neighborhood thathastwogatesorentrances. 4c) “Between Two Gates”referstoatraditional cluster Purbayan.(Figures4a,Figure4b& as animportantrepresentativeneighborhoodinthe most intact,andhasconsequentlybeendeclared “Between Two Gates.” This neighborhoodisthe linear neighborhoodofKotagede,whichiscalled The JokoNugroho’s housebelongstotheunique main complexoftheroyalmosqueKotagede. still beidenti primary urbanelementsinKotagede. The tracescan built onthesquare( traditional settlement( Alun-alun andthemainareaofhouse( (Figure1c).Itwasbelievedthatthis fi ed, duetoitslocationveryclosethe Jalan Rukunan alun-alun (REKOMPAK), acommunity- Kampong ). The settlementisthe pendapas ) isactuallyaninternal The FutureneedsthePast: Jalan Rukunan ) hadbeendirectly pendapa dalem werebadly Rehabilitasi Rehabilitasi dalem houses ofthe the ).

Nakhara 127 Nakhara 128 of locallyproduced dalem for publicusesandevents. The terraceofthe reconstruction, the included the The physicalimprovementofJoko’s house Source: After Hadisti,2011 Housing clusterBetweenTwo Gates Figure 4b: Source: MinistryofPublicWorks-JRF-RekompakSignboard The planofBetweenTwo GatesNeighborhood Figure 4a: Dr.-Ing. Ir. Widjaja Martokusumo local communityactionandinput economic, andpoliticalprocesses,whichputthe Reconstruction mustbeachievedthroughsocial, which encouragesanon-goingprocessofrevival. rehabilitated, notindividually, butwithastrategy traditional structuresneedtobeconservedand coverage andpriorityofthereconstruction.Inshort, reconstruction. The localcommunitydecidedthe which constitutedthesuccessofneighborhood improvements includingcommunityparticipation, works coveredbothphysicalandnon-physical isnowusedforasmallgallery exhibition pendapa pendapa and clothes. Newpublic- dalem wasdedicated fi rst. , andafterthe generation ofthelocalcommunity. intimidating phenomenon,especially bytheolder had beenoftenmisinterpreted andconsideredan style andthecontemporarydemands oftourism,it structures involvetheintrusion ofmodernlife culturally acceptable.Whenprotectingheritage existing neighborhoodisnotalwayssociallyand new functionsandcontemporaryactivitiesforthe and useonprivatepropertytheintroductionof design strategythatimplementspublicaccess adjustments/interventions areneededinanurban tourism associatedengagements.Somephysical can stillmeetdomesticrequirementsaswell suf offering possibilitiesfortheneighborhood’s self- reconstruction strategy, openingchancesand activities areaddedandintegratedaspartofthe supporting functionsandincomegenerating fi ciency. As such,anexistingtraditionalhouse Jagalan University ofGadjahMada,Cluster Mada. The UGM -theliteraryHouseofUniversityGadjah in theadministrativeclusterJagalan,calledOmah protection offolkheritagestructureisalsofound Another excellentexampleinthepost-cataclysm 3.2 The will playacriticalrole. dependent ontheengagementofcommunityitself, process ofrethinkinginterpretation,whichissurely scheme. Culturalconservationtakestime,andthe art conservation,reconstructionanddevelopment and activitiesshouldbeintegratedintoastateofthe existing traditionalhousesforcontemporaryuses traditions amongother. Thus, theadaptabilityof of empowerment,andsocio-culturalbeliefs different understandingofconservation, issues have resultedindilemmassuchasownership, that conflictsbetweentheoldandnew discussion amongstakeholders.Itismostlikely versus modernitywillinexorablybeaneverlasting considerations onthecontinuityoftradition For thisreason,morecarefulandcritical Source: W. Martokusumo,2011 Joko Nugroho’s pendapaandtheopenspacebetweendalem(l)(r) Figure 4c: the is dividedintothreeareas,the publicareawhere rectangular form. As previouslydescribed,thesite Javanese architecture,the housesitehasa characteristics andattributes. Like othertraditional Javanese traditionalhousepossessing thecommon traditional houseon750m2of land.Itisatypical pendapa Omah Omah isusuallylocated, thesemiprivate Problems andChallengesofPost-CataclysmHeritageManagementinKotagede,JogjakartaSpecialProvince,Indonesia UGMwaspreviouslyadamaged UGM. TheHouseof is usuallypartofthe ( After theearthquake,damagetomainhouse 2006 calamity been discontinuousandinaccessiblepriortothe circulation ( neighborhood the Due toincrementaldevelopmentoftheadjacent time ago,evenbeforetheearthquaketookplace. However, the with themainhouse( project of revitalize theirheritagedistrict. The reconstruction in helpingtheKotagedelocalcommunityto part ofUGM’s commitmenttolong-terminvolvement after theMay27earthquakeof2006. This effort is purchased bytheUniversityofGadjahMadasoon heritage. Thus, thehouse,withallitsfurniture,was houses, whichwasconsideredmundanefolk and rehabilitationdidnotcoverdamagedtraditional national recoveryprogramforthereconstruction building ( the buildingweredestroyed,includingannex in chargeforthereconstruction ofthe (dalem) for contributed fortherepairsofmainbuilding of thenewassemblyhall( Cooperative Agency contributedfortherebuilding by threedifferent donors:JapanInternational pendapa original settingandcondition by puttingupanew bring backtheJavanesetraditional housetoits The underlyingconceptofrehabilitation wasto dalem ) becamemoresevere,andmostpartsof , by reusing original/existing materials, and , byreusingoriginal/existing materials,and gandhok kiwo Omah Omah Jalan Rukunan pendapa . (Figure 1c) UGMwas UGM, while Exxon Mobile Oil was UGM,whileExxonMobileOilwas longkangan dalem dalem ). As mentionedearlier, the with pendapa , had disappeared a long , haddisappearedalong ) isusuallylocated,has ) andtheservicearea. Joglo fi nnily supported nancially , wheretheinternal The FutureneedsthePast: roofstyle,which ), Total Indonesie gandhok kiwo .

Nakhara 129 Nakhara 130 created. The primaryreconstructionworksincludes difference anddiversity, anewmeaningwillbe that changeconstituteoureverydaylife. Through the dynamicofchange,sinceitisacknowledged activities, isimplementedandintegratedtoenrich of twoopposites,anoldcharacterandnew protect thecharacterofarea. The juxtaposition by introducingsensitivephysicalinterventionsto Dr.-Ing. Ir. Widjaja Martokusumo Source: W. Martokusumo,2011 of dalemOmahUGM(right) The pendapa/assemblyhall(left) andthebahudhayang Figure 5b: Source: redrawnbyR.Fauziafterthesignboard(2012) Plan (left)andElevation(right)ofOmahUGM Figure 5a: building anew a sensitiverehabilitationofthemainhouse( kiwo part ofthemainhouse,annexbuilding( Figure 5bandFigure5c). monument ofthe2006earthquake(Figure5a, kiwo ). The formersleepingareaformen( ) hascreativelybeenredesignedasa pendapa Source: W. Martokusumo,2012 Omah UGM building) ofthemainhouse The reconstructedpart(annex Figure 5c: , and redesign of the ruined , andredesignoftheruined gandhok- gandhok gandhok dalem ), ), case ofKotagede revealstheneedtoanticipate strengthening preparedness islegitimate. The as animportantresource. Therefore, acallfor regarding theprotectionof culturalheritage disasters. This indicatesanecessityofawareness Indonesia facesconstantthreat fromnatural Due tothegeographicconditionsandconstraints, NEEDS THEPAST 4. DISCUSSION:THEFUTURE of with alibrary, classroom,meetingroom,studio, the roleasacommunityservicecenterprovided UGM. According totheplan,thisnewfacilityplays is nowusedastheCenterforHeritageMovement This formerlyprivateJavanesetraditionalhouse for successfulheritagemanagement. and politicalwillarethemostimportantchallenges initiatives. Commitmenttolong-terminvolvement the publicrealmthroughheritageconservation protecting thefolkarchitectureheritage,bene local communitycopingwiththerealproblemsof of GadjahMada,servedandadvocatedforthe institutional involvement,throughtheUniversity Considerably, thisprojectalsoshowedhow than thepartiallyadaptedJokoNugrohohouse. former privateresidential,adifferent tothecase needs. This isafulladaptivere-use projectofa and reconstructedtomeetthecontemporary example howfolkheritagecanbeconserved In summation,the for the 2011 themanagementofhousewasstillwaiting planning process,andasthesurveytookplacein or researchers. The accommodationisstillinthe and accommodationforforeignlocalscholars fi ce, archive,afolkheritagemuseumcorner, cafe 2010). conservation oftheseproperties(Jkha, and livelihoodactivitiesthatdependonthe on culturalimportanceandthe participatory planningshouldfocusboth recovery andreconstructionplanning.This through widecommunityparticipationin of culturalheritagecanbeachievedonly elements. Accordingly, effectiveprotection importance attributedtospeci variations inthespiritualandemotional Even withinacommunity, theremaybe place orelementmaybemuchlocalized. The culturalheritagesignificanceofa fi nancial approval. nancial Problems andChallengesofPost-CataclysmHeritageManagementinKotagede,JogjakartaSpecialProvince,Indonesia Omah UGMisanother fi c sitesor fi ting considered an intimidatingphenomenon. Thus, acceptable andoftenmisinterpreted and They arenotalwayssocially andculturally associated withtheintrusion ofmodernlifestyle. attempts inprotectingheritage structuresare as partofthereconstruction strategy. Ingeneral, economic generatingactivitiesarerecommended As shownbythecasestudies,newfunctionsand defenseless. of traditions,artsandindigenousculture,are cultural heritageactivities,suchaspractices tangible heritageassetsaswellintangible and dif such engagementseventuallycreatemorerisks standards toachieveinheritageconservation, due tothecomplexityofworksandhighquality more feasibleandimplementable.Onthecontrary, more ef structure ofequivalentsizeisalwaysconsidered aid. This canbeunderstood,since providinganew expensive incomparisontothecostforhumanitarian conservation oftheheritagebuildingsisconsidered is truethatpost-earthquakereconstructionand be includedinthatscheme. To someextent,it as theJavanesetraditionalhouses,couldnot account, whiletheunregisteredproperties,such prominent culturalpropertieswillbetakeninto Mitigation. Onlyasmallnumberofregistered not yetincludedintheLawno.24/2007onDisaster and buildings. As previouslymentioned,heritageis humanitarian aidsbyprovidingnewinfrastructures reconstruction andrehabilitationfocusedmerelyon program, sincethenationalrecoveryprogramfor low priorityatthepost-calamityrehabilitation Protection ofheritagewasconsideredavery improvement andrecoveryprogram. economic problemsshouldbepartofthephysical of Kotagede,thereforeefforts to alleviatesocio- brought socio-economicsuffering toinhabitants heritage values.Moreover, the2006calamityalso without takingcarefulconsiderationoftheir they undergorehabilitationintonewbuildings threat todamagedheritagestructures,when physical decayaswell. There isalsoatremendous by insuf urban environmentofKotagedewereworsened earthquake, thecomplexitiesonmanaging of environmentaltotality. As explained,afterthe in contemporarysocietyshouldaddresstheissue heritage. Timely attemptstoprotectlivingtraditions areas inIndonesiathatarealso and mitigatetheimpactforotherdisasterprone fi fi culties. Givensuchcircumstances, many cient, less time consuming, and technically cient, lesstimeconsuming,andtechnically fi cient andinadequateinfrastructure The FutureneedsthePast: loci ofcultural

Nakhara 131 Nakhara 132 into thefutureaswell: willneedthepast. contemporary life,andgivesimultaneously away we acknowledgetheexistence ofthepastinour By acceptingthediversityofaspectstraditions, and enrichthequalityofcontemporarybuilding. will havebroadenchancesfortraditiontonurture is thepasthandledastartingpointforfuture, integration ofthepastintocontemporarylife,that functional uses.Globally, thisisnotanovelty. The rede the utilizationofexistingurbanfabricthrough changes inrehabilitation. The twocasesintroduced necessary social,economic,andtechnological retaining traditionsoflocalarchitecturewiththe The casesinKotagedeillustratetheefforts in successful heritagemanagement. considered asthemostimportantchallengesfor to long-terminvolvementandpoliticalwillare be ofgreatimportanceinthefuture.Commitment board embracinglocalcommunityorganizationswill different administrativeclusters, ajointauthority Since thehistoriccityofKotagedeisdividedinto discussion onthemanagementofhistoricareas. on institutionaldevelopmenthavebeenraisedinthe empowerment. (Pantachai,2011) Additionally, issues is important,sinceitalsopartofthecommunity (cf. Jkha,2010). The involvement ofthecommunity community isapartofconservation“engagement” 2004). This canonlybesuccessfully achievedifthe rehabilitation (cf. Arnstein, 1969;FezerandSchmit, to gainingfinancialandinstitutionalsupportfor must generatepoliticalandcommunityawareness to thesustainabilityofproject.Reconstruction also indicatethatcommunityparticipationisessential issue. Inawidercontext,thereconstructionprojects buildings. However, itisnotapurelyphysicaldesign solutions toensuretheconservationofheritage At community itself,willplayacriticalrole. which issurelydependentontheengagementof conservation takestime,andtheprocessofmaturity, other. The interpretationandrethinkingonheritage of empowerment,andsocio-culturalbeliefsamong understanding ofheritageconservation,theissues have ledtodilemmas,suchasownership,the between traditionalandmodernconsequences among stakeholders. To someextent,conflicts modernity willinexorablybeaneverlastingdiscourse more sensitiveconsideration Dr.-Ing. Ir. Widjaja Martokusumo fi rst sight,itappearstorequireprimarilyphysical fi nition oftheprojectandre-programming s ontraditionversus time relation. an everlastingdiscourse,contested byspaceand Because thefutureneeds past,thiswouldbe the historicstructuresnewmeaningforfuture. be understoodasreinterpretingthepastandgiving the pastisanecessity. Readjustingshoulddeeply continuum ofpast-present-future. Thus, readjusting both theexistenceofpastandcreate accepting thediversityofculture,weacknowledge dynamics, andthefuturewillberequired.Finally, by in reinterpretingthepastintocurrenturban A sensitive,criticalandcreativeengagement achieve balancebetweenthepastandfuture. context willinevitablybenecessaryinorderto a reinterpretationofthechangingsocio-cultural to theparticularideaofheritageconservation, important tothediscourseofsustainability. Inrelation and contemporaryneedsmustbeperceivedas the juxtapositionbetweenexistinghistoricfabrics uses hasbeenintroduced. As aconsequence, of theprojectandreprogrammingfunctional Utilizing existingurbanfabricthroughrede explained. recovery programfornaturaldisaster, aspreviously folk architecturearemostlikelynotthepriorityin cultural heritage,however, mundanestructuresor deal sensitivelywithurbanheritage. As partofthe be seenasaprospectivechancefornewinsightsto crisis, causedbythenaturaldisaster, shouldbroadly affect thecontinuumofourcultural patrimony. The and economicfactors,butalsothenaturalforces cultural heritagearealsorevealed.Notonlypolitical Problems andchallengesregardingtheprotectionof earthquake discussioninKotagede,Jogjakarta. two Javanesetraditionalhousesaspartofthepost- This paperaddressestheendeavorstoreutilize 5. CONCLUDINGREMARKS post-cataclysm heritagemanagement. develop moresensiblemethodsandapproachesfor this crisiscanbeseenasaprospectivechanceto cultural resources.Duetothelossoffolkheritage, of Javanesetraditionalsettlementasimportant also obstaclesandchallengesinthereconstruction discourse ofsustainability. The twocasesreveal consequently beperceivedasimportantinthe historic fabricandcontemporaryneedsmust Furthermore, thejuxtapositionbetweenexisting fi nition Heritage Conservation,Univ. GadjahMada. Conservation Managementin Indonesia, Centreof Adishakti, L.T. (n.a.).ChallengesonUrbanHeritage Status Report01. andCentralJavaEarthquake2006 Heritage in Efforts toConservetheEndangeredKotagedeFolk the KotagedeHeritageDistrict: An Ongoing Studyof Adishakti, L.T. (2009)Post-EarthquakeRevitalizationof Pusaka Indonesia) : IndonesoaHeritage Trust (Badan Pelestarian Post-Disaster ConservationofHeritageBuildings. Adhisakti, L.T. 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