Hot’ Right Now Reflections on Virality and Sociality from Transnational Digital China
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Brain, Body and Culture: a Biocultural Theory of Religion1
METHOD & THEORY in the STUDY OF RELIGION Method and Theory in the Study of Religion 22 (2010) 304-321 brill.nl/mtsr Brain, Body and Culture: A Biocultural Theory of Religion1 Armin W. Geertz Religion, Cognition and Culture Research Unit (RCC), Department of the Study of Religion, Aarhus University, Denmark [email protected] Abstract This essay sketches out a biocultural theory of religion which is based on an expanded view of cognition that is anchored in brain and body (embrained and embodied), deeply dependent on culture (enculturated) and extended and distributed beyond the borders of individual brains. Such an approach uniquely accommodates contemporary cultural and neurobiological sciences. Since the challenge that the study of religion faces, in my opinion, is at the interstices of these sciences, I have tried to develop a theory of religion which acknowledges the fact. My hope is that the theory can be of use to scholars of religion and be submitted to further hypotheses and tests by cognitive scientists. Keywords biocultural theory, embrainment, embodiment, enculturation, extended mind, distributed cog- nition, neuroscience, religion Introduction At the Religion, Cognition and Culture Research Unit (RCC) in Aarhus, our central axiom is that cognition is not just what goes on in the individual mind. In adapting our approach to contemporary research in neurobiology, archaeol- ogy, anthropology, comparative religion and philosophy of science, we hold that cognition is embrained, embodied, encultured, extended and distributed.2 1 My warmest thanks are extended to Michael Stausberg, Jesper Sørensen, Jeppe Sinding Jensen and Aaron Hughes for comments and critiques of earlier drafts of this paper. -
Courses for Anthropology 1
Courses for Anthropology 1 COURSES FOR ANTHROPOLOGY ANT208 Anthropology of Sex Anthropology Courses Hours 3 ANT100 Anthropology: The Study of Humanity SB This course is an introduction to human sexuality from a biocultural perspective with emphases on sexual diversity and pluralism and Hours 3 psychosexual evolution. It traces the evolution of human sociosexual This course introduces students to the subfields of anthropology and behavior, including human sexual physiology, preproductive strategies; demonstrates the benefits of a holistic approach to understanding contemporary courtship, mating and marital patterns; gender differences globalization, multiculturalism, and cultural diversity. The concepts of in the brain and behavior; and sexual and social emotions. It compares evolution, human prehistory, language, and culture are explored as well as the sexuality of humans to non-humans, especially to that of other the diversity of human cultural patterns, including variations in marriage, primates. It also discusses human sexuality from the perspective of kinship, and religion. different cultures throughout the world. Among other topics, the course will address the psychobiocultural dimensions and implications of Social and Behavioral Sciences attraction, fidelity sex techniques, gender, incest, homosexuality and ANT102 Intro to Cultural Anthropology transexuality and sexually transmitted diseases. SB ANT210 Language and Culture Hours 3 SB An introduction to the discipline of cultural anthropology, the branch of Hours 3 anthropology that examines the rules and behaviors of contemporary Human activity in its linguistic, cultural, and social contexts; human cultures. The course will demonstrate the importance of a holistic interrelationships between culture and natural language; and the approach to understanding human diversity, and compare and contrast influences of language and culture on thought and behavior. -
The Self: a Transpersonal Neuroanthropological Account
International Journal of Transpersonal Studies Volume 32 | Issue 1 Article 10 1-1-2013 The elS f: A Transpersonal Neuroanthropological Account Charles D. Laughlin Carleton University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.ciis.edu/ijts-transpersonalstudies Part of the Anthropology Commons, Philosophy Commons, Psychology Commons, and the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Laughlin, C. D. (2013). Laughlin, C. D. (2013). The es lf: A transpersonal neuroanthropological account. International Journal of Transpersonal Studies, 32(1), 100–116.. International Journal of Transpersonal Studies, 32 (1). http://dx.doi.org/10.24972/ ijts.2013.32.1.100 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License. This Special Topic Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals and Newsletters at Digital Commons @ CIIS. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Journal of Transpersonal Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ CIIS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Self: A Transpersonal Neuroanthropological Account Charles D. Laughlin Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario, Canada The anthropology of the self has gained momentum recently and has produced a significant body of research relevant to interdisciplinary transpersonal studies. The notion of self has broadened from the narrow focus on cultural and linguistic labels for self-related terms, such as person, ego, identity, soul, and so forth, to a realization that the self is a vast system that mediates all the aspects of personality. This shift in emphasis has brought anthropological notions of the self into closer accord with what is known about how the brain mediates self-as-psyche. -
Why Neuroanthropology
Why Neuroanthropology? Why Now? By Greg Downey and Daniel Lende Neuroanthropology places the brain and nervous system at the center of discussions about human nature, recognizing that much of what makes us distinctive inheres in the size, specialization, and dynamic openness of the human nervous system. By starting with neural physiology and its variability, neuroanthropology situates itself from the beginning in the interaction of nature and culture, the inextricable interweaving of developmental unfolding and evolutionary endowment. Our brain and nervous system are our cultural organs. While virtually all parts of the human body—skeleton, muscles, joints, guts—bear the stamp of our behavioral variety, our nervous system is especially immature at birth, our brain disproportionately small in relation to its adult size and disproportionately susceptible to cultural sculpting. Compared to other mammals, our first year of life finds our brain developing as if in utero, immersed in language, social interaction, and the material world when other species are still shielded by their mother’s body from this outside world. This immersion means that our ideas about ourselves and how we want to raise our children affect the environmental niche in which our nervous system unfolds, influencing gene expression and developmental processes to the cellular level. Increasingly, neuroscientists are finding evidence of functional differences in brain activity and architecture between cultural groups, occupations, and individuals with different skill sets. The implication for neuroanthropology is obvious: forms of enculturation, social norms, training regimens, ritual, and patterns of experience shape how our brains work and are structured. But the predominant reason that culture becomes embodied, even though many anthropologists overlook it, is that neuroanatomy inherently makes experience material. -
The Geographies of the Black Henna Meme Organism and the Epidemic
THE GEOGRAPHIES OF THE BLACK HENNA MEME ORGANISM AND THE EPIDEMIC OF PARA-PHENYLENEDIAMINE SENSITIZATION: A QUALITATIVE HISTORY A dissertation submitted To Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Catherine Cartwright-Jones May, 2015 Copyright All rights reserved Except for previously published materials Dissertation written by Catherine Cartwright-Jones B.A. UCLA, 1972 M.A., Kent State University, 2006 Ph. D., Kent State University, 2015 Approved by ___________________________________________________ James Tyner, Full Professor, Ph.D., Geography, Doctoral Advisor ________________________________________________ Mandy Munro-Stasiuk, Chair and Full Professor, Ph.D., Geography ___________________________________________________ Scott Sheridan, Professor, Ph.D., Geography ___________________________________________________ Elizabeth Howard, Professor, Ph.D., , English Accepted by ___________________________________________________ Mandy Munro-Stasiuk, Chair, Ph.D., Department of Geography ___________________________________________________ James L. Blank, Ph.D., Interim Dean, College of Arts and Sciences TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface: Definitions and Style .....................................................................................................xxx I: Introduction to the Qualitative History of ‘Black Henna’ and the Epidemic of Para- phenylenediamine Sensitization…………………………………………………………...1 Two Case Studies of ‘Black Henna’ in the Third Space of Tourism: Camilla and Spider -
Neuroscience and Ethnography: an Interdisciplinary Revision and a Cognitive Proposal Based on Compassion Research in Mexico Neurociencias Y Etnografía: Una Revisión
Neuroscience and Ethnography: An Interdisciplinary Revision and a Cognitive Proposal based on Compassion Research in Mexico Neurociencias y Etnografía: Una Revisión Interdisciplinaria y una Propuesta Cognitiva basada en Investigaciones sobre la Compasión en México R e v i e w , Roberto E. Mercadilloa, * and José Luis Díazb, a Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., México. b Departamento de Historia y Filosofía de la Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., México. Article history: ARTICLE INFO Received: 15-08-2013 Revised: 10-09-2013 ABSTRACT Accepted: 25-09-2013 Social neuroscience considers the interplay of biologically evolved mechanisms and culturally shaped experiences as decisive to contextualize, motivate and influence complex brain functions and cognition. Compassion is a suitable moral emotion for approaching social cognition because it involves naturally and socially evolved factors to empathize with and wish to alleviate a perceived suffering of other individuals, and Key Words: thereby promote social welfare. The present paper outlines research projects Compassion, Social performed in Mexico, which focused on compassion from different viewpoints. The neuroscience, analysis includes psychometric evaluations of emotional appraisals, ethnographic Neuroimaging, records of Mayan populations, functional brain imaging with healthy Mexican Culture, individuals, including a sample of police officers’, and theoretical analysis -
Neuroarchaeology
Chapter 7 Neuroarchaeology Dietrich Stout and Erin Hecht Abstract ‘‘Neuroarchaeology’’ in the broad sense refers to any application of neuroscience theory and methods to archaeological questions. This includes the interpretation of archaeological materials in terms of the cognitive operations and neural substrates they are thought to imply as well as the experimental study of archaeologically-visible behaviors using neuroscience methods. The particular strengths and interests of archaeology have led neuroarchaeologists to focus on three broad themes in neuroscience theory: grounded cognition, executive func- tion, and social cognition. Much of the published work in neuroarchaeology has consisted of attempts to apply neuroscience perspectives on these topics to interpretations of the archaeological record. Experimental neuroarchaeology, a straightforward methodological extension of conventional experimental archae- ology, has been less common. This may change with the increasing availability of neuroscience methods for investigating complex, real-world behaviors. The use of neuroimaging methods to study experimental stone tool-making provides one example. Archaeology and neuroscience are united in the quest to understand human nature but remain deeply divided by disciplinary history, culture, methods, career paths, and institutional support. Whereas the utility of neuroscience meth- ods to archaeology is clear, there has been less interest among neuroscientists in the potential contributions of archaeological strengths in the study of evolution and material culture. The future of ‘‘neuroarchaeology’’ as just another niche focus within archaeology or as something more will ultimately depend on its relevance to the questions and research agendas of neuroscientists. Keywords Archaeology Á Cognition Á Neuroscience Á Stone tools Á Brain imaging D. Stout (&) Á E. -
The Foundations of Neuroanthropology
OPINION ARTICLE published: 22 February 2010 EVOLUTIONARY NEUROSCIENCE doi: 10.3389/neuro.18.005.2010 The foundations of neuroanthropology Alvaro Machado Dias* Neurosciência e Comportamento, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil *Correspondence: [email protected] Studies of culturally-based phenomena vs. geocentric reasoning styles in tasks Such questions of interest to social within neuroscientifi c frameworks repre- requiring spatial cognition)1. anthropologists represent the real challenge sent one of the most dynamic tendencies The study of the relation between culturally- of neuroanthropology. The reason for this in contemporary cognitive science. They specifi c phenomena and brain activity has diffi culty is the same that warrants neuroan- have provided the foundations of social been named neuroanthropology (a term thropology as a potential breakthrough. neuroscience, which comprise studies on coined by E. D. Lewis, from the University of Unlike evolutionary neuroscience and other brain correlates of social cognition, abili- Melbourne) and proposes to be “the study of multidisciplinary fi elds of research where ties, and disabilities (Cacioppo, 2002), the experiential and neurobiological aspects both parts are committed to the princi- and have contributed to the consolidation of cultural activity” (Dominguez Duque et al., ples and methods of the natural sciences, of evolutionary neuroscience as a multi- 2009, p. 3). Considered within this perspec- neuroanthropology presents a diffi culty in disciplinary epistemological fi eld, which tive, it seems compelling to assume that we are bridging the gap defi ned by the different frequently involves social neuroscientifi c moving into the era of neuroanthropology interests and ‘hard problems’ established topics, considered in terms of their func- (see: Campbell and Garcia, 2009), where the within the bounds of social neuroscience tion and evolutionary basis (for an authori- tradition of studies of culturally-dependent and of social anthropology. -
An Overview on Neuroanthropology: a Humanistic Science for the Study of the Culture Samira Jaiswal* Department of Anthropology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
hropolo ACCESS Freely available online nt gy OPEN A Anthropology ISSN: 2332-0915 Mini Review An Overview on Neuroanthropology: A Humanistic Science for the Study of the Culture Samira Jaiswal* Department of Anthropology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India ABSTRACT In this article, it is contended that a consolidated humanities/neuroscience field of enquiry can make a critical and unmistakable commitment to the investigation of the connection among culture and the mind. This field, which can suitably be named as neuroanthropology, is imagined as being reciprocal to and commonly educational with social and social neuroscience. It starts by giving a prologue to the way of life idea in human sciences. Then, at that point present an itemized portrayal of neuroanthropology and its strategies and how they identify with the anthropological comprehension of culture. The field is portrayed as a humanistic science, that is, a field of enquiry established on the apparent epistemological and methodological relationship of science and the humanities. It additionally gives models that show the proposed methodological model for neuroanthropology. Keywords: Neuroanthropology; Culture; Humanistic science INTRODUCTION the endeavors at portraying society in a more definite way. The points of interest of this discussion need not concern us here, yet Up to this point, the significance of culture for mental health, we recommend that they are because of culture's characteristically design and capacity stayed unnoticed. This is evolving, nonetheless, double portrayal, having a few sets of differentiating yet integral with the rise of social neuroscience, a cross-disciplinary field of ascribes. This duality might be critical to securing the anthropological study that coordinates multifaceted brain science, psychological comprehension of culture in its variety and intricacy [2]. -
Careers in Biological Anthropology
CAREERS IN BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY HUMAN ORIGINS, EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY, AND HUMAN VARIATION Study of human beings and human behavior that considers biology and culture. Biological anthropology includes: • primatology • paleoanthropology • growth and development • genetics • osteology • human reproduction • forensic science • nutrition Traditional opportunities are in teaching. Emergence of nontraditional opportunities are primarily in biomedical research. Teaching at a community college (teaching focus) Teaching in a university (research focus) • Paleoanthropology • Primatology Research • Medical, nursing, and public health schools • Medical genetics research • Government research: biomedicine and public health • Private industry: research for profit Museums (collections, education, and research) Public health and international nutrition Kinesiology and human biology Independent consulting Journalism: bringing science to the public Forensic science Source: A Guide to Careers in Physical Anthropology Alan S. Ryan BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY- GENETICS Forensics • Analyzing crime scene DNA Population genetics • Analysis of ancient DNA • Analysis using mtDNA or Y-chromosomal DNA to study human migration patterns • Useful for identifying when peopling of certain areas of the world occurred, such as providing a picture of how the Americas were peopled. THE BRAIN, MIND, AND CULTURE Approaching anthropological fieldwork from a neuroscience perspective “Laboratory research that is ecologically and ethnographically valid… field research that draws on… -
How to Link Affective and Social Neuroscience with Social Theory
REVIEW published: 22 September 2015 doi: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00332 Emotion, rationality, and decision-making: how to link affective and social neuroscience with social theory Marco Verweij 1*, Timothy J. Senior 2, Juan F. Domínguez D. 3 and Robert Turner 4 1 Department of Social Sciences and Humanities, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany, 2 Digital Cultures Research Centre, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK, 3 Social Neuroscience Lab, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, 4 Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany In this paper, we argue for a stronger engagement between concepts in affective and social neuroscience on the one hand, and theories from the fields of anthropology, economics, political science, and sociology on the other. Affective and social Edited by: neuroscience could provide an additional assessment of social theories. We argue that Antonio Damasio, some of the most influential social theories of the last four decades—rational choice University of Southern California, USA theory, behavioral economics, and post-structuralism—contain assumptions that are Reviewed by: Youngbin Kwak, inconsistent with key findings in affective and social neuroscience. We also show that University of Massachusetts Amherst, another approach from the social sciences—plural rationality theory—shows greater USA compatibility with these findings. We further claim that, in their turn, social theories Elsa Fouragnan, University of Glasgow, UK can strengthen affective and social neuroscience. The former can provide more precise *Correspondence: formulations of the social phenomena that neuroscientific models have targeted, can help Marco Verweij, neuroscientists who build these models become more aware of their social and cultural Department of Social Sciences and Humanities, Jacobs University biases, and can even improve the models themselves. -
Development Team
Paper No. : 10 Theories and methods in social and cultural Anthropology Module : 16 Structuralism: Levi Strauss and Edmund Leach Development Team Principal Investigator Prof. Anup Kumar Kapoor Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi Paper Coordinator Prof. Anup Kumar Kapoor Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi Vineet Kumar Verma Content Writer Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi Prof. Subir Biswas, Department of Anthropology, West Content Reviewer Bengal State University, Barasat, West Bengal 1 Theories and methods in social and cultural Anthropology Anthropology Structuralism: Levi Strauss and Edmund Leach Description of Module Subject Name Anthropology Paper Name 10 Theories and methods in social and cultural Anthropology Module Name/Title Structuralism: Levi Strauss and Edmund Leach Module Id 16 2 Theories and methods in social and cultural Anthropology Anthropology Structuralism: Levi Strauss and Edmund Leach Table of Contents Introduction 1. Historical Context 2. Claude Levi-Strauss ₋ Method of Structuralism ₋ Structuralism in Kinship ₋ Meeting of Myth and Science ₋ Primitive Thinking' and The 'Civilized Mind' 3. Levi-Strauss’s Major Works and Publication ₋ Elementary Structures of Kinship ₋ Totemism ₋ Savage Mind 4. Edmund Leach ₋ Political Systems of Highland Burma ₋ Pul Eliya: A Village in Ceylon 5. Post-Structuralist Summary Learning Objective To introduce history of anthropological thought of Structuralism by tracing its historical development To classify the course of historical development,