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Abstract

Provincial Administrative Organization of Province gives high priority to water shortage problem because it is an urgent problem at national level. It severely affects the quality of life of the underprivileged who cannot work in their domicile due to the lack of knowledge in water management in their own context.

In this connection, there is an analysis study, method determination, preparation of the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU), regulations and teaching about how to change attitude of people sector about the problem solving in order to earn opportunity and equality in the society by self-dependence according to the "King’s Theory", the Philosophy of Sufficiency Economy, by making the community and locally stronger. This is to create systematic water management method by focusing on the integration of all sectors, including the government sector, private sector and people sector by using the knowledge and facts to solve the water shortage problem. This will help to make the underprivileged to have career and income and improve their quality of life. This method can solve the problem directly and is the fundamental method according to the government’s policy " 4.0" to provide security to Thai society in the future.

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Preface

This Innovation Documentation "Sustainable Water Management by DSLM principles is used in the presentation of awards in the selected category and criteria of United Nations Public Service Awards UNPSA award, 3rdtopic: Developing effective and accountable public institutions.

"Sustainable Water Management by DSLM Principles" is a solution to address water shortages for underprivileged people by integrating all sectors such as the government sector, the private sector and the public sector by decisions on base correct data to provide people with knowledge in water management, leading to sustainable and sustainable self-reliance. DSLM (D = Demand, S = Supply, L = Logistic, M = Management) is a knowledge-based application of science and technology in water database development, water mapping, water balance and use of GPS applications, aerial map with the local wisdom, making arrangements to solve problems by use this principle has resulted in a better understanding of the problem in the area and has more knowledge to solve the problem of water shortage is sustainable ensure stability in Thai society in the future.

Phrae Provincial Administration Organization hopes this document will be useful for all regions of the world to apply as a means to address water shortages on a global.

Authorities November 2018

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Contents

Appendix 55 MOU 55 Evaluation 1 Notification of Decentralization to The Local Government Organization Committee 1 Certifications 1 Bibliography 1

Chapter 1 The Sustainable Water Management

1.1 The Significance of the problem

The Provincial Administrative Organization is a large-scale local administrative organization, which is managed according to the Provincial Administrative Organization Act. In 1997, the Provincial Administrative Organization had the authority to provide public services for the benefit of the local people in accordance with the principles of sustainable development, the development of the work of the municipality and the sub-district administrative organization as well as the coordination of the local development plan in order to avoid duplication of work in the local administration of the province.

The Provincial Administrative Organization has the duty to develop the province in terms of economic, social, education, public health, occupation and utilities, such as:

1. The maintenance of natural resources and the environment, as well as local customs and culture. 2. Land Use for Local Benefits. 3. Disaster Prevention and Mitigation. 4. Building a public utilities system that the municipal and sub-district administration offices is not feasible because it lack of funding. 5. Making the projects involving both municipalities and the Administrative Organization.

Picture 1.1 The flood in , 1995.

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At present, the Thai government has a decentralization policy by supporting the local self-reliance and deciding on local affairs in accordance with the Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand BE 2560. Also it has empowered local people to self-govern and provide some public services. To respond the needs of local people according to the policy of increasing the country's economic potential from the National Economic and Social Development Plan No. 12 Sustainable Development Strategy for Sustainable Development, Conservation and Rehabilitation Of natural resources and environment, Ensure sustainable water management, long-term sustainability in water management, as water is a vital resource for living and Economic development, where most of the water used in consumption and water for agriculture such as natural water in the atmosphere, surface water and groundwater are natural products that increase or decrease in natural conditions that some years may cause drought, the water in the river is low, or sometimes it rains so much damage because of floods, property and community, resulting in a water crisis.

According to the survey the problem condition of Phrae Province in the year 2558, by Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization found that there were three urgent problems:

1) Water shortage due to lack of water storage, ineffective water management, and flooding. 2) Poverty problems of people because of low income people lack of knowledge and understanding in agricultural occupation that is the main goods and has an importance of Phrae Province. 3) The problem of natural resources and environment was destroyed because the forest area was destroyed for use as a working area. There was also a problem of lack of public participation and integration in all sectors, as well as conflict in complex of local in Phrae Province.

Picture 1.2 The problem area in dry area in Phrae Province

Source: Gallery, Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization, 2016

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1.2 General information

Phrae is one of the 17 northern , located between the northern latitudes 14.70 to 18.44 degrees with the longitude 99.58-100.32 degrees. It is higher than the sea level about 155 meters with an area of 6538.59 square kilometers or about 4,086,625 acres. There are total population 448,551 persons. The average annual income per capita of the population is 61,013 baht in 2015.1

The area around Phrae is surrounded by four mountains. Most of the area is about 80%. The mountain is flat with only 20% sloping to the south along the stream of the . There are 2 large plains in the bottom of the valley, namely, the plains in Song, Amphoe Rong Kwang, Amphoe Nong Muangkhai, Amphoe Phrae, Amphoe Sungmen and Amphoe Den Chai, and the other one in Amphoe Long and Wangchin where is used for living and farming.

Picture 1.3 Hydrographical Basis of Geomorphology of Yom River Basin in Phrae Province

Source: The briefing document Water center, Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization, 2018

Water situation in Phrae Province

The climate change in Phrae Province is that rainfall between 2011 And 2015. There are an average of 1,209.42 mm. The most rainfall in 2011 measured 1,550 mm, the number of rainy days 142 rainy days are the lowest in 2015, can measure up to 2.5, 2.5 mm., rainy days 14 days.

Source: The meteorological station in January 2016.

1 At the briefing of Phrae Province in BE 2561 by the Provincial Strategy and Information Development Office, Phrae Provincial Office, pp.3-13. Sustainable water management by DSLM principle, Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization

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The water situation and the problem of water management

The solution to the problem of water resources is to respond the needs of the people. In the present Yom River in the tributaries as well as the creek has a shallow condition that in the rainy season, there is a lot of flood damage to the lives and property of the people. In the former context, the development and rehabilitation of past water resources will be undertaken with regard to addressing inconsistencies in each of the inconsistent areas, not as a whole, making development and problem solving impossible but it is not comprehensive and non-sustainable. From the problem of demand for water resources for consumption and water for agriculture, which is the urgent need, firstly resulted in low income people ranked 16th in 17 provinces. The problem of lack of water storage sources in the dry season, causing water shortage and some water quality is not suitable for consumption and consumption of people.

Picture 1.4 Shows the drought risk in Phrae Province.

Source : Documents of the Water Resources Management Center Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization, 2018.

The problem of water management mentioned above leads to the problem of drought in Phrae. The lack of integrated water management costs. Based on a balanced, sustainable water management document, 2560 by the Water Management Center of Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization, page 8 that there will be 224,000 farms. In the dry season,only 26,000 farms can be cultivated. In the area outside the irrigation zone, the water from the tributaries or the water retention is needed to solve the problem by digging ponds for rainwater use. Moreover, they lack of true knowledge of using water, the study of the problem and the amount of water available in the area to correspond the needs of the people.

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The original context of solution the problem

Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization has supported the budget and personnel to solve the problem of water shortage, such as digging ponds, collecting water, transporting water to the people when they are in trouble. The lack of good management has a direct impact on the quality of life, especially for the underprivileged, which means that ethnic people in rural areas reside in irrigated areas where there is a need for water about 798,213 rais2 and those who have suffered from a shortage of water for decades. The problem solving is solved in the short term, there is no plan for development and the lack of integration of all sectors does not contribute to sustainability.

Table 1.1 : Water Management in Phrae Province

Areas that benefit both The area also needs Agricultural inside and outside water. Sub- Total area No. District village area irrigation. district (Rai) (2016) Capacity All areas Capacity All areas (millionM3) (Rai) (millionM3) (Rai)

1 Song 8 85 1,015,328 182,037 79.99 84,628 91.03 97,409

2 Rong Kwang 11 93 394,636 165,485 75.12 38,541 152.27 26,944

3 Nong 6 35 138,531 36,291 4.44 28,838 1.11 7,453 MuangKhai

4 Muang 20 166 472,543 123,995 15.40 73,296 10.52 50,699

5 Sungmen 12 110 234,356 62,789 24.54 64,355 - -

6 Denchai 5 52 166,028 44,231 7.85 22,633 7.20 21,598

7 Long 9 90 915,138 155,049 23.13 17,904 95.97 137,145

8 Wang Chin 7 77 759,600 366,120 11.23 9,154 251.58 356,966

Totol 78 708 4,096,160 1,135,997 241.72 339,350 609.67 798,213

Source: Office of Natural Resources and Environment, Phrae Province (December 2017)

From Table 1.1, the preliminary data base analysis for 2016 found that It has the problem of water demand in Phrae more such as the Song Ddistrict has an agricultural area of 182,037 rais, there are only 84,628 rais of water used. There are not water used 97,409 rais, , There are 165,485 rais of agricultural land. There are only 38,541 rais of water used. There are not water used 26,944 rais. Wangpai District has an agricultural area of 366,120 rais. There are only 9,154 rais of water used. There are not water used 356,966 rais which is the problem of water demand is to improve the quality of life in agriculture.

2 Balanced and sustainable water management documents 2017 by The Water Management Center of Phrae Provincial Administration Organization, p. 8. Sustainable water management by DSLM principle, Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization

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In summary, the problem of water shortage in Phrae province has seriously affected the quality of life of people in disadvantaged areas that lack of knowledge on water management, there is a need to create opportunities and social equality by strengthening communities and local communities. By self-reliance according to the principles of the King's philosophy of Sufficiency Economy of the Reign 9 that has helped the people who are less fortunate to earn a stable job and it has also supported sustainable local development. Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization is aware of the problem of water shortage, so we have to find solutions to problems by introducing sustainable water management innovations. With the concept of “DSLM”, the goal is to lead the transition to innovative water management through the use of effective and efficient water management methods to manage water resources in a sustainable way along with the context of the area and it corresponds the actual needs to maximize the benefits.

This innovation has focused on solving the problem of raising people's minds, using information for water management and working together to solve problems, making people and communities participate in decision making. Meet the needs in the area and offer solutions to correspond the needs in the area. It has set the conduction of action, change attitudes as well as to provide knowledge by integrating in working together with all sectors between the public sector, the private sector, and the public sector to address water shortages using real data can solve the water shortage problem in order to secure the Thai society in the future.

1.3 The purpose of innovation

To solve the shortage of water for underprivileged people by integrating with all sectors of the public, private and public sectors by making decisions based on actual information so that people have knowledge on water management with the concept of DSLM to contribute to sustainable and sustainable self-sufficiency.

1.4 Keyword Definitions

“DSLM Theory or “Sustainable water management by principle of DSLM” means the provision of knowledge on water management systematically linking information to decision-making by analyzing problem areas, analyzing data, using the GPS Application, aerial map www.windy.com, satellite imagery, searching for a way to create a dam to solve the water shortage problem by using people’s participation, the public sector, as well as to evaluate and monitor the effectiveness of water management, integrated together all sectors. D – Demand Means Demand of the people S – Supply Means Resources available in the area L – Logistic Means Water network in the area M – Management Means Systematic management

“The underprivileged people” refer to people, ethnic group, and village in the countryside living in the area outside the irrigation area of Phrae Province.

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“Check Dam” means the upper stream dam is a structure that normally blocks small streams, streams, and streams where there is a high slope. If the water flow is slow, it can slow down the flow of water, which is a way to conserve natural resources and water efficiently which can trap sediment deposition so as not to flow into the river below and If water flows, it can slow down the flow of water, which is a way to conserve natural resources and water efficiently.

Picture 1.5 shows the drought risk areas in Phrae Province

Source: Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization, 2017

Sustainable water management by DSLM principle, Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization

Chapter 2 Concepts and theories involved

Water shortages are a high priority issue, and urgently needed to be resolved nationally, Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization recognizes and emphasizes on such problems and has brought the King Science of the King Rama 9, concepts and theories, as well as the principles of science and technology, together with folk wisdom apply to the creative process and find solutions to the problem as follows.

2.1 The King Science

2.1.1 Philosophy of Sufficiency Economy Principle

Sumate Tantivejkul 2559 said that Sufficiency Economy is the philosophy that His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej has been guiding the way of life for Thai people for more than 25 years since the economic crisis and later on. It emphasizes the solution to be solved and can sustain itself sustainably and sustainably under globalization and various change. Sufficiency Economy is a philosophy that identifies the way people live and work at all levels, from family, government to community level. The development and management of the country to go along the middle line, especially the economic development to keep pace with the world of globalization. Sufficiency refers to moderation, reasonableness, and the need for a good immune system to have any impact on external and internal changes. It deepens on the knowledge, diligence and carefulness to use various techniques in planning and implementing every step.

The initial concept of sufficiency economy

The result of using the country's development approach to modernization has brought about tremendous changes in Thai society in all aspects, whether economic, political, cultural, social and environmental changes to complex, difficult to explain causes and results. All the changes have been made as a direct link between the local people and the local people.

The results of this positive development are: increases in economic growth, material and public prosperity, as well as modern communication systems, broadening and disseminating education. This positive or negative effect is mainly distributed to the rural people or the underprivileged in the society, resulting in the weakening of many rural areas and the reliance on the market system, the degradation of natural resources, the relationship system of relatives and traditions to manage resources that have previously existed. Local wisdom and knowledge that has been used to solve problems and accumulate are forgotten and lost.

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Picture 2.1 The Philosophy of Sufficiency Economy

The Philosophy of Sufficiency Economy

Middle way

Knowledge Moral

Knowing, thoughtful, cautious Honesty, Hard work, intelligence, Share

Economy/Society/Environment/Culture

Balance/ Get ready to change.

Source: Special Commission for cooperation Office of the Royal Development Projects Board

Meaning of Sufficiency Economy

1. Modesty means being fit, not too small and not overpowering without hurting oneself and others, such as production and consumption that is at a moderate level. 2. The rationale is that the decision about the sufficiency level must be rational, taking into account the factors involved, and taking into account the expected outcome of the action. 3. Immune means being prepared for the effects and changes that will occur, taking into account the possibility of future situations.

There are two conditions for making decisions and carrying out activities as follows; 1. Knowledge conditions consist of a wide range of academic disciplines related to the disciplines that is bringing this knowledge into consideration for interconnectedness, planning and cautious practice. 2. The moral conditions are to be strengthened include moral awareness, honesty and patience, and efforts are made to use wisdom in the way of life.

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The philosophy of sufficiency economy consists of 5 main parts are as follows;

Conceptual framework is a philosophy that guides the way of existence and practice in the way that should be. It is based on the traditional way of life of Thai society, which can be applied all the time and is a systematic vision that is constantly changing, concentrating on disaster and stability for the stability and sustainability of development. Feature Sufficiency Economy can be applied to all levels of practice, with a focus on middle management and step-by-step development.

The definition of sufficiency must consist of three attributes: 1. Modesty refers to the fit that is not too small and not excessive, without encroaching oneself and others, such as production and consumption. 2. The rationale is that the decision about sufficiency level must be rational, taking into account the factors involved, and taking into account the expected outcome of the action. Having good immunity means being prepared for the effects and changes that occur, taking into account the possibility of situations that are expected in the near and far future. 3. The decision making conditions and the implementation of activities at the level of sufficiency are based on knowledge and virtue as the basis, ie, the knowledge condition consists of the knowledge of the relevant sciences to bring about that knowledge. Consider linking to planning and cautious in the implementation. The moral conditions are to be reinforced include being aware of virtue, honesty, patience, perseverance, wisdom in life.

Practices / Expected Results, from bringing the philosophy of sufficiency economy are to apply balanced development to change in all aspects of economy, society, environment, knowledge and technology.

Conclusion, sufficiency in living is a basic condition that allows Thai people to become self-reliant and to live in a conscious way under the power and freedom to define their destiny in the context of the people in Phrae province. They can control and manage their own needs, including the ability to manage their own water management problems. This is considered to be the basic potential that the Thai people and Thai society once had to be affected by the economic problems and the weakness of the countryside, while at the same time strengthening the mind, knowledge and attitudes, local people, especially government officials, the public and the business sector at all levels, are committed to integrity, honesty and good knowledge, using life with patience, perseverance, wisdom and prudence for balance and get ready to change rapidly and extensively in both the social and cultural environment of the outside world as well.

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2.1.2 Water management

On 25 July 2011, His Majesty the King presided over the meeting of Her Royal Highness Princess Galyani Vadhana Krom Luang Naradhiwas Rajanagarindra 24th floor, Memorial Hospital. “Community water management has succeeded in some communities and communities have knowledgeable, successful, experienced water management and development to extend the results to other communities”.

Picture 2.2 Royal Initiative for Resource Management

Source : www.tsdf.or.th

His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej has a great intuition about water. He has studied not only maps, but also geographic and social explorations. He also advised to find suitable solutions in each area, such as dams, dams, dams, reservoirs, ponds, waterways, adjust the waterways, the artificial rain and turbine Chaipathana to get clean water.

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With the ability of the King, Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization has adopted the guidelines in term of “sustainable water management by the DSLM principle” as a guideline to sustainably the Thai society in general efficiently. The goal is to provide self-reliant knowledge on solving water shortages, consumption and sustainable agriculture. In addition, the Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization found that the development of new agricultural theories was concrete for the people on water management in order to obtain food and livelihood factors and to plan the solution by bringing the water from the floods is stored in water. We has searched the water from the original source, surveyed the existing water sources and waterways using satellite imagery maps and GPS coordinates, courtesy of the Hydrographic Foundation under the Patronage of HM the King and the Institute of Water Resources and Environmental Information, (Public Organization).

Picture 2.3 Principles of Work in His Majesty’s Understanding, Connecting and Development

Source : www.tsdf.or.th

Dr. Sumet Tantivejkul has written the work of His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej is based on the principle of understanding anddevelopment. Principles of Work in His Majesty’s Understanding, Connect and Development is before you do anything, have a good understanding before understanding the terrain, understand people in a variety of problems, it is not only physical but also cultural andcustomary aspects and during the operation will have to understand each other, because it will bring the benefits that we aim for. In the field of connect, as well as knowing the problem, then understand the problem. When you know the problem, then the understanding will be accessible to bring it into action. And when we connect, then we need to make him want to connect us.

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Understanding, connecting, development’s principle is 1. Understanding, The understanding consists of four components as follows; 1) Using existing data 2) Using empirical data 3) Analysis and Research 4) Experiment till actionable result 2. Connecting, The Connecting consists of four components as follows; 1)Inside-out blasting 2)Understand target 3)Educate 3. Developing, Royal Development Projects, when we understand, connecting and then to develop that has the principle as follows; 1)Self-initiated 2)Self-reliance 3) Prototype and role model

Conclusion, The King Science “Understanding, Connecting, Developing” Development is only possible when the parties understand each other, and each other approaches each other. Development will be mutually agreed between the recipients and the recipient. In summary, the results obtained from this principle of Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization are that the government has helped to build understanding by providing knowledge to the public in the field of information technology for the benefit of the people. This will lead to self-reliance and sustainable society. Working in self-sufficiency and joining together to work on their own land seriously, the flood problem will not happen to the people as well as farming and rice farming is the main career of Phrae. Furthermore, it has the guideline in bringing water resources are effectively recycled.

Understanding Sustainable living Developing Connecting Save money and invest in small community enterprises Self-reliance / self-development Has joined the management group Immune to changes from outside the community L ove and protect the environment

Sufficient life

Stable income Adding value to local Debt settlement some part or all Access to quality education Have knowledge of disease prevention and access to better treatment

Survive

Well-being Various diseases can be treated and controlled Access to infrastructure Do not create debt

Gradual Development for Sustainable Survival

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2.2 Check Dam

“Check Dam” means the river source dams are constructed or blocked by waterways that is the high slope can trap sediment not to flow down to the bottom of the stream, and may be where the flow of water can slow the flow of water to slow down, it is conservation of soil and water by using natural materials that are easy to find in the locals as rocks and wood by created a dam with the stream to flow slowly and allow water to penetrate under the soil to create moisture in that area, it also traps sediment and sand to flow into the water source below.

Types of water weirs or slow down the moisture is divided into 2 types.

The river source dams or slow down the moisture dams, is the retention of water to slow down and permeability to the surface to create moisture to the area. Sand trap is a trap that traps sediment and sand into the water below.

Picture 2.4 Pigsty Dam applied

Source: Gallery, Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization, 2016

Picture 2.5 Pigsty Dam mixed cement

Source: Gallery, Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization, 2016

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The dam model can be divided into 3 types 1. The local type, commonly known as the Meo Dam, is constructed of natural materials, such as branches, logs, flanked by various rocks in the creek or ravine. It can trap sediment and slow down the flow of water and increase the moisture around the area as well. This method cost less money, which the construction of the local primary stream can be made many ways as - Built of wood and stone size - Made of logs with a bag of earth or sand - Built Pigsty Dams sty core decompression soil with stones - Create a simple stone sort - Built Pigsty a stone throw sty - Built Pigsty, sand bag, cement - Create a cast stone concrete - Construction of cement, sand bags - Create a cliff - Create a bamboo polished woven together, which is the wisdom of the villagers

Picture 2.6 Local dam building activities

Source: Gallery, Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization, 2016

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2. Types of stones are quite permanent. It is constructed by dividing the rock into water walls, constructing the middle and lower part of the creek or canal, which can trap sediment and retain water in the dry season.

Picture 2.7 Dam stones is quite permanent

Source: Gallery, Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization, 2016

3. Reinforced concrete is most commonly used in our upstream areas or canals, which allow for sedimentation and storage of water in the dry season, while the cost of construction depends on the size of the creek, which does not exceed the width 4 meters.

Picture 2.8 Reinforced concrete Dam

Source: Gallery, Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization, 2016

The benefits of check dams - Help keep water - Reduce the severity of forest fires - Reducing soil erosion and reduce the severity of the tidal creek - Helps to trap sludge and materials flowing into the creek - Enhance biodiversity - It is the habitat of aquatic animals and is used as a source of water for consumption and consumption.

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Dams features - The structure must have the cheek dam to prevent water to pass through both sides of the water and grabbed the two sides. - The Dams must be drained to the full extent of the river and protected against erosion by high water levels. - It has to protect the dam in case of overflow of water and erosion of the water. - There must be a drainage hole using a pipe or material that has areas such as banana trees. If it is a durst trap, it must have drainage channel and when it is finished, it is closed to prevent leakage. - The dam must be strong enough not to break down while the water is running. - Dam height must not exceed half the height of the riverbank when measure up to the water.

Picture 2.9 Pigsty Dam

Source: Gallery, Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization, 2016

In conclusion, Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization considers that one of the main principles of forest resource conservation is to slow down the flow of water and to retain the sediment, ie to build a dam or a check dam to slow down the hydration. Dam construction is an effective tool for local water management, with the integration of all sectors, especially the people sector. It is essential that the government must provide support and a focus on assisting local seriously.

2.3 4 M’s Management Principle

Picture 2.10 M’s Management Principle

Source : Preja Sukhrod, Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization, 2016 Sustainable water management by DSLM principle, Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization

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Preja Sukhrod (2016) Said that the management of each organization will need to factor in the administration consists of four aspects as follows; 1) Man means the management of manpower, how to use people, efficiency and effectiveness with the job. 2) Money refers to how the money is managed, how it is spent, the least cost, and the efficiency and effectiveness. 3) Materials means the management of materials in operation, how to do the least waste and maximize the benefits. 4) Management means the process of managing and controlling the work effectively and efficiently.

The four managerial factors are equally important if one of the factors is not met, it cannot be achieved to the level of the organization's goals or objectives.

In summary, Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization found that the principle of effective water management was based on the factors of personnel, budget, resources, and management that integrated the work of all sectors especially people sector and the public sector to support.

Sustainable water management by DSLM principle, Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization

Chapter 3 Procedures

Process innovation

Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization has analyzed the problem of water shortage. In the past, implementation by public sector cannot solve the problem sustainably and has spent a lot of money. Later, it changed the management of water by bringing the royal speech of His Majesty the King. As the Royal said, “the development of water resources is the main is the control of water for both quantity and quality”. Dr. Sumet Tantivejkul, Chairman of the Board of Directors of Water Development Foundation under the Royal Patronage, has recommended the use of science and technology in water management to solve the problems effectively and sustainably, the people in the area must integrate water management with the Water Development Foundation, the Water Resources Information and Agriculture Institute and the government agencies involved to balance the demand. There is water management both in terms of quantity and quality at a fair in both the short and long term, based on the fact that is practical. Therefore, it has invented innovations to build water security in consumption and agriculture, which is the solution to meet the needs of the people in the community, focusing on people's participation in solving sustainable problems. There is following methods;

3.1 Public hearing and community needs.

The process of listening to opinions and problems of community needs began with the need to solve the problems of people in the community by meeting to present the problems of the community. The community needs to be prepared by submitting it to the Phrae Water Management Center, Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization. When receiving the proposal to solve the problems of the community and the Phrae provincial administrative organization, sent the team to the area to hold an open forum to listen to the problem with people in the community to make a conclusion. The water shortage problem is shared with the people in the community to provide basic information such as surveying water sources, investigating construction defects, Water walking path by recording GPS coordinates in different areas. Every step of the way, the people and community leaders who are proposing problems need to share information and collect information with the team that is in the area.

Picture 3.1 A hearing on the problems and needs of the community.

Source: Gallery, Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization, 2016 Sustainable water management by DSLM principle, Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization P a g e | 20

3.2 Preliminary information

From the actual site to the baseline, the data will be taken on the satellite imagery map to simulate the flow path of the water again, to initialize the water network and to calculate the water volume in the model that is an analysis of the problem area. If any area can be resolved immediately, it will be do immediately. When it has analyzed data, it has not yet the way out solution. The information must be provided in a more detailed and informative manner by the community. The people in the community are trained to follow the steps of Phrae Provincial Water Management School (Self-reliant water management).

Picture 3.2 Preliminary information

Source: Gallery, Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization, 2016

3.3 Learn to solve problems

Sustainable water management by DSLM principles has used training to educate people who want to solve community problems, and offer problem-solving. Training Program of Phrae Provincial Water Management Center, Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization has focused solved the water shortage problem by the people in the community has come to know the problem and then bring that knowledge back to solve problems and transfer knowledge to people in the community. In order to achieve mutual learning and participation in problem solving by the community. The learning process of Phrae Water Management School (Self-reliant water management) is the principle of DSLM D- Demand Means Demand of the people S- Supply Means Resources available in the area L-Logistic Means Water network in the area M-Management Means Systematic management

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Picture 3.3 People attended the Phrae Water School School Project

Source: Gallery, Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization, 2016

People who participate in the school water management training will gain knowledge in both theoretical and practical courses as follows;

3.3.1 Preparation of preliminary water chart

Water Mapping is a tool for water management in the area. It is a diagram showing water network linkage by means of water symbol and hydraulic structure such as river, canal, reservoir, dam, open the drainage gate and Water block. It is easy to understand and to be a tool to explain the overall picture and plan to manage water resources in the area effectively.

Picture 3.4 Preparation of preliminary water chart

Source: Gallery, Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization, 2016

 Collecting Data by using Application GPS on Mobile (DS) Application GPS on Mobile as GPS (In IOS operating system) or coordinates, GPS TEST (In Android) is the free program is applied to determine the coordinates on the satellite maps of water and land networks, such as agricultural areas of the population, plant varieties, number of houses, number of people using water, measurement area, measurement, routing, etc. This is the basic information in the water chart.

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Picture 3.5 Collecting Data by using Application GPS on Mobile (DS)

Source: Gallery, Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization, 2016

 Using satellite maps (L) Satellite maps are used to analyze the basics of water flow and the linkage of water systems, which can be used to map satellite imagery, terrain maps, district water maps, and GPS applications on mobile phones.

Picture 3.6 Using satellite maps (L)

Source: Gallery, Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization, 2016

 Writing the Water Chart by hand (L) Writing the Water Chart by hand is a brainstorming and sharing of community information to identify all community water networks on a hand-made map for simple, easy-to-understand data analysis. In addition, the data and coordinates used by the GPS application are included in the satellite map to analyze the data to find a solution to the problem of real water shortage.

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Picture 3.7 Writing the Water Chart by hand (L)

Source: Gallery, Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization, 2016

 The preliminary water balance (M) When we have gotten the data, number of people, water users, area and planting area and information we will make water balance for analyzing the water demand data, making available the water resources management or existing water management plan, balancing and solving the water shortage problem in the community.

Picture 3.8 The preliminary water balance (M)

Source: Gallery, Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization, 2016

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3.3.2 Dam construction  The dam form is divided into 3 forms. - Mixed dam is not permanent dam that is constructed very 1-2 years. Construction materials used in the river as Timber, rock is located in the upstream area of Huai. - Semi-permanent Dam. Materials used in areas mixed with external materials, such as cement, are stronger than the integrated dams, which are located in the area of Huai. - Permanent Dam, it is strong that built in large river with strong water flow.  Principles and proper positioning. - The goal is to slow the water out, extinguish and keep water. - Survey to determine and understand river basin data, maps, and locating tools (GPS), river size measurement, river channel, riverbank, river slope, flow volume, river bed material, transportation route, package size and number. - Construction for constructing charting as the groove of the dam, It builds in style with resolution and finish before rainy season.

Picture 3.9 Survey to determine the proper location to construct a dam

Source: Gallery, Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization, 2016

 Proper positioning Determination - The middle and lower part of the creek. - In the straight river. - Must not be on a large stone or pile. - Select a location that is relatively narrow, high river bank, relatively horizontal. - What is the soil in the riverbank? Clay or loam or sandy loam or other. - The original slope of the river bank. - Erosion. - What is the maximum water level range? In normal conditions, it is not a very wet or flooded year.

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 Exploration of materials available in the area or area to be used to construct the dam - Sand, construction area or neighborhood. - Rock, does the rock in the river have enough or no use? - Bamboo - Transportation routes, materials, routes and vehicles to transport or convey material.

Picture 3.10 Exploration of materials available in the area or area to be used to construct the dam

Source: Gallery, Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization, 2016

 Maintenance - Checking the condition of the dam after a season of heavy rain or heavy rain, large branches of wood may cause damage. - Damage around the structure of the dam, such as a bank protection structure. - Erosion the dam of dam. - Reinforcing the structure of the dam to work well, extend the life of the longer. - Dredging sedimentation - Planting trees used as a building material.

Picture 3.11 Dam Maintenance

Source: Gallery, Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization, 2016

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3.4 Application procedure DSLM

Picture 3.12 Conceptual frameworks for operation DSLM Theory

Conceptual frameworks for operation DSLM Theory

Meeting the Problem Implementation Solving Problems

-Offer the problem. In-depth analysis - Action/Process -Go to the area for - Into the storage area. information. -Real Facts/ analyze - Rotation -Check the problem -Software /Application - coordinates/ Real size state. -GPS - DSL+M -Know the facts. -www.windy.com - Repair/ Check the -Water area size area -Water chart -Initial survey - Answer/ Decide - Create Dam -creative -MOU

-Step -DSL

Results of Operations

- Management evaluation DSLM - Solving problems - Follow up

Source : Phrae Provincial Water Management Center, Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization, 2016

This innovation is consistent with the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda in Goal 6, which ensures that water and sanitation is sustainably managed and is available to everyone. By creating water security in consumption and agriculture, sufficient water is available through the use of a well-managed water and sanitation system under the auspices of the DSLM, which makes water efficient. It also addresses the problem of water shortage in the area, reducing the number of people who suffer from water shortages, by promoting the integration of academic and theoretical networks at all levels. It has cooperated not only at the local level, but also at the watershed and regional level, as well as promoting community participation in solving problems, improving and changing water management models.

The systematic management of resource costs consists of the following: 1. Participation of people in the community to acknowledge problems, analyze problems and solve problems manually. 2. To learn and create new things, for example, to regulate or regulate the use of water resources in the area equally so that the community can rely on itself as much as possible.

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Water management has succeeded that depend on the integrated support of various agencies such as Phrae Province, Army, Water Resources and Agricultural Information Institute, Public Organization, other local administrative organizations in the area and people in the area to work together through the mechanism of Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization as conditions. It is very important to solve the problem and build sustainability by the community itself.

Picture 3.13 , 3.14 Signing memorandum of cooperation on the establishment of Phrae Provincial Water Management Center

Source: Gallery, Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization, 2013

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Chapter4 Performance

The result of operations “Sustainable Water Management by DSLM Principles" to solving water shortages problem for underprivileged people are as follows: 4.1 The achievement of the solution by DSLM at Ban Lao Nua area

Ban Lao Nua is a community that have a water supply problem. Phrae Provincial Administration Organization supported the innovative solutions to the problem of water shortage to engaging people in the area, offering problems and needs together, prepare a water network map, balance the water in the area data and help each other to build a weir for the mountain water supply. We have supported a construction materials and the community supported a labor to build a weir. Now Ban Lao Nua has been expanded to solve the problem of permanent weir dam construction in more than 600 dams.

Picture 4.1 Ban Kao Nua’s water network data.

Picture 4.1 Ban Kao Nua’s water network data that the villagers prepare that show amount of Dams and water flows through the village.

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Map 4.1 shows the water balance data of Ban Lao Nua before DSLM.

Picture 4.1, Ban Lao Nua has 1,313,280 cubic meters of water, which can trap 68,600 cubic meters, they need water for agriculture in the rainy season about 1,883,448 cubic meters, water for agriculture in dry season about 711,288 cubic meters, water for consumption 27,758 cubic meters. Therefore, their area is still lacking the water for use in the rainy season about 501,568 cubic meters. and lack the water for use in dry season about 642,688 cubic meters.

Map 4.2 shows the water balance data of Ban Lao Nua after DSLM.

Picture 4.2 show that after Ban Lao Nua has solution the problem with DSLM concept, the water storage capacity increased to 507,400 cubic meters, up from 438,800 cubic meters was sufficient for consumption and for agriculture in the dry season.

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Picture 4.2 show building weir at Ban Lao Nua

Picture 4.2 Check Dam “corral weir” that is bringing the material in the area as a material to create moisture and fix drought in that area. In the construction of the weir is cooperation between Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization and people in the village.

Picture 4.3 show building weir at Ban Lao Nua

Picture 4.3 The environment in the dam area, moisture and water for consumption and water for agriculture to tackle drought in the area.

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Achievement of DSLM

Picture 4.4 Ms. Phornthip’s Vegetable garden at Ban Lao Nua.

Picture 4.4 The results of the water management in Ban Lao Nua, the villagers can agriculture in various areas in the target is to provide villagers with water for consumption and water for agriculture.

Picture 4.5 Ms. Sunisa Jaiphet’s Passion Fruit Garden at Ban Lao Nua.

Picture 4.5 The results of the water management in Ban Lao Nua, the villagers can agriculture in various areas in the target is to provide villagers with water for consumption and water for agriculture.

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Interview of people at Ban Lao Nua Moo 4 Ban Klang Sub-district, .

Person 1 Mrs. Kanha Saengkaew, Ban Lao Nua‘s village Headman Moo 4 Ban Klang Sub-district, Song District.

“The problem of Ban Lao Nua is shortage of water supply cause the village use the mountain water supply. In the dry season will have a lack water problem, the solution is Phrae provincial administration support the machine to dig up the too deep but it is too long distance 9 km. so I have asked for help from Phrae Provincial Administration Organization again. Mr. Anuwat Wongwan, President of Phrae Provincial Administration Organization recommends solving the problem of water shortage sustainably by managing the DSLM.

The villagers, who are struggling to work together to solve some of the disagreements, came together to form a more cooperative one, working together even more in conflict, but also working together to solve common problems.”

Person 2 Miss Sunisa Jaipet Ban Lao Nua Moo 4 Ban Klang Sub-district, Song District.

“When we have a water source, must be added water to their so that the crop can be planted throughout the year, as we have one bowl, but no water to scoop it out, but if we can scoop water or add water in the bowl we can use more water. Learning make we know how to find water by use DSLM.”

Person 3 Miss Phornthip Thippayanusorn Ban Lao Nua Moo 4 Ban Klang Sub-district, Song District.

“Phrae provincial administration organization supporting to solving problem in our village that operation water center management school that make we to leaning how to use water for maximum benefit. The development of water resources requires the cooperation of both the public and the local people in order to solve the problems arising from the problems.”

The answer of Check Dam weir.

“….Create Check Dam weir to help slow down the flow and keep water. To hydrate the upstream…..” Royal speech of King Bhumibol Adulyadej. On March 11, 1989 at Doi Ang Khang in Chiang Mai.

This royal guidance, Phrae Provincial Administration Organization applying the guidelines to water management and development principles, creating new ideas and methods, participating in the solution of water problems together to make people have water for consumption. In this way, can solving effectively the water shortages to the underprivileged.

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4.2 The achievement of the solution by DSLM at Ban Mai Jad San area.

Ban Mai Jad San has the problem is not able to retain water, rotten and not enough for water supply. Phrae Provincial Administration Office supports innovation in solving the water shortage problem by integrating local people's participation in common problems and needs. They prepared water balance data in the area, created Check Dam to slow down the reservoir that Phrae Provincial Administration Organization support the construction equipment and villagers assisted in the construction labor. Moreover they have to solve the problem is to build a Check Dam “Rubber weir” and “Electric pole weir”.

Picture 4.6 Ban Mai Jad San. water network data

Picture 4.6 Show the water network data and the point to build Check Dam of Ban Mai Jad San area that the villagers prepare.

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Picture 4.7 Check Dam “Rubber weir” at Nan Mai Jad San.

Picture 4.7 Check Dam “Rubber weir” that is bringing the material in the area as a material to create moisture and fix drought in that area. In the construction of the weir is cooperation between Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization and people in the village.

Picture 4.8 Check Dam “Rubber weir” at Ban Mai Jad San.

Picture 4.8 Check Dam “Rubber weir” can create moisture and resolve drought in the area.

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Picture 4.9 Check Dam “Electric pole weir” at Ban Mai Jad San.

Picture 4.9 Check Dam “Electric pole weir” that bring out the rest of the material to create. The Provincial Electricity Authority to support the material; the electricity pylons are used to construct the weir and can also be used as a way to cross the public. It is the integration of both state enterprises, Phrae Provincial Administrative Organizations, Phrae Local Administrative Organizations (Rong Kwang Municipality) and people in the area.

Picture 4.10 The central office visit the area of the electricity pole weir at Ban Mai Jad San.

Picture 4.11 The central office visit the area of the electricity pole weir at Ban Mai Jad San.

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Interview of people at Ban Mai Jad San RongKhem Sub-district, Rong Koung District Phrae Province.

Person 1 Mr.Prayuth Saodaen, village Headman RongKhem Sub-district, Rong Koung District.

“Ban Mai Jad San have a water sources, but not enough to needs of the use of water, so there is a shortage of water, both water supply and agricultural water, and the sludge flow into the water, making it shallow and begin to rot. So we have required Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization to solving problem by attending a training course, that is important to know how to solve the problem that you have to help yourself before and know your area problems first, then it will determine how to solve the problem. The cooperation of the villagers helps to create the trap of sediment and retention of water upstream, allowing the forest to recover faster in a short time. Forests are abundant upstream forest moisture, making the plant especially the herbs are a lot of mushrooms have been raised. There are many fish in the creek upstream.”

Person 2 Mr.Chalee Khwanmuang a local herbal medical doctors, Ban Mai Jad San RongKhem Sub-district, Rong Koung District Phrae Province.

“Learning to solve a problems together is important, especially about water management now we have a lot of water in data, but it less than half of the annual flow. Water management is very important, not add water, but it is a matter of water management when water is available, it can be farmed out of crops more commercial too”

Picture 4.11 Let the turtles return to nature at the new homeat Ban Mai Jad San.

Picture 4.11 Mr.Narong Chueaboonchuay Assistant Permanent Secretaries are in a inspection to evaluate the selection of local administrative organizations with a good governance on July 30, 2018

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4.3 The achievement of the solution by DSLM at Ban Dong Yang area

Ban Dong Yang Akha was have a problem to need water for consumption in the dry season. Phrae Provincial Administration Organization assisted in supporting the innovation to solving water shortage problem by integrating participation with the people in the area to work together to find the problems and needs, prepare data of water balance in the area, to create water dams, weave water and they support construction equipment.

Picture 4.12 Ban Dong Yang Akha water network data.

Picture 4.12 shows the water network of Ban Dong Yang Akha, point of the dam construction, the number of check dams and the point construct check dam.

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Picture 4.13 Show construction check dam at Ban Dong Yang Akha

Picture 4.13 shows the water network of Ban Dong Yang Akha showing the point of the dam construction, the number of check dams and the point where we want to create a slower weir.

Picture 4.14 Check dam at Ban Dong Yang Akha

Picture 4.14 The environment in the weir construction area with moisture and have enough of water for consumption and water for agriculture and solve drought in the area.

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Interview people at Ban Dong Yang Akha MaePhung Sub district, WangChin District, Phrae Province

Person 1 Mr.Yapa Lohsua Akha tribal leader at Ban Dong Yang Akha MaePhung Sub WangChin District.

“Initially, the village had problems with water shortage, water consumption we solve the problem by requesting donations from various agencies every year because there was no better solution. We request for assistance from the president of Phrae Provincial Administration Organization to be trained in the Water Management School of Phrae Provincial Administration Organization. We have attended training sessions to find out how to address water shortages in several ways, but we need to understand the principles of DSLM. The villagers have a better understanding of how to solve problems and work together. Now we have an enough water consume and agriculture.”

Person 2 Mr.Natthapong Kheamnoi Akha tribal learning center teacher at Ban Dong Yang Akha MaePhung Sub WangChin District.

“The first goal is to create water resources to solve the problem of water consumption for the villagers. It must be done in a systematic way, and the villagers must take part in the process to create a sense of ownership. The villagers have conflicts, do not understand how to work and do not agree, but when prepare area data they understand and work together to solve the problem of collective participation. ”

Picture 4.15 The achievement of the solution by DSLM at Ban Dong Yang area

Picture 4.15 shows the success of water management in the area of Baan Dong Yang Akha from non-water areas, but once the innovation has been implemented, water consumption and agricultural water can be used in the area.

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4.4 Transferability

Sustainable water management by DSLM is the application of scientific and technological principles with local wisdom to solving water shortages can be applied in all and international, cause the application GPS and weather maps etc. is a management system that links all relevant international information to the relevant sectors. Phrae Provincial Administration Organization has transfer the knowledge to the participants to study the work from government agencies, other organizations and people in the country and abroad, such as the Association of Provincial Administration Organization. This can be applied to suit the context of different regions effectively.

Picture 4.16 Provincial Administrative Organization Thailand visited Phrae Water Resources Management Center.

Picture 4.16 Provincial Administrative Organization Thailand study visit and training seminar to prepare for the establishment of a unit of information operations in natural resources and environment, Provincial on July 31, 2018 at Phrae Water Resources Management Center.

Picture 4.17. The municipal Krong Hae visited Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization.

Picture 4.17. Board of Community Leadership Training Program, The Social Welfare Division of the municipal Krong Hae study visit at Acha meeting room, Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization on January 29, 2018 Sustainable water management by DSLM principle, Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization

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Picture 4.18. Suphanburi Provincial Administrative Organization visited Phrae Water Resources Management Center

Picture 4.18. Suphanburi Provincial Administrative Organization visited the Phrae Water Resources Management Center, Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization, and reviewed the implementation of community water management and community participation in local education management on May 3, 2018.

Picture 4.19. Asian Institute of Technology visited Phrae Water Resources Management Center.

Picture 4.19. Asian Institute of Technology visited Phrae Water Resources Management Center to Study on water management and also provides consultancy services for research on water management in various aspects of Yom River Basin and disaster management on October 17, 2018

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Picture 4.20. Suratthani Provincial Administrative Organization visited Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization.

Picture 4.20. Suratthani Provincial Administrative Organization meeting at Acha meeting room, Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization on November 20, 2018

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4.5 Pride Awards.

Phrae Provincial Administration Organization was awarded with the local administrative organization with good governance for the budget year 2018. 2 nd prize for General type of Large Local Administrative Organization.

The award ceremony was held on October 17, 2018 at the Government House.

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Mr.Anuvart Wongwan, the president of Provincial Administrative Organization of Phrae Province got awarded with the Local Administrative Organization with good administration for the budget year 2018, 2 nd prize for General type of Large Local Administrative Organization. The prize was 5,000,000.- baht (Five million baht only) at Santi Maitree Building, Government House. Mr.Wisanu Krua-ngam Deputy Prime Minister, Chairperson of Decentralization to the Local Government Organization Committee presented the award on October 17, 2018.

Sustainable water management by DSLM principle, Phrae Provincial Administrative Organization