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Revista Brasileira de Entomologia xxx (2016) xxx–xxx
1 REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE
2 Entomologia
A Journal on Insect Diversity and Evolution
www.rbentomologia.com
Systematics, Morphology and Biogeography
3 Species of Hybotinae from Podocarpus National Park, Ecuador
4 (Diptera, Empidoidea, Hybotidae)
5 Q1 Rosaly Ale-Rocha
6 Coordination of Biodiversity, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brazil
7
a r a b s t r a c t
t
i c
8 l e i n f o
9
10 Article history: The Hybotinae of the Podocarpus National Park were studied. Fourteen species are recorded and nine
11 Received 16 December 2015
new species are described and illustrated: Euhybus pectinifemur sp. nov., Neohybos fuliginosus sp. nov.,
12 Accepted 6 April 2016
Neohybos globosus sp. nov., Neohybos rostratus sp. nov., Neohybos serratus sp. nov., Neohybos spinosus
13 Available online xxx
sp. nov., Syndyas longiventris sp. nov., Syneches flavithorax sp. nov. and Syneches polleti sp. nov. A key to
14 Associate Editor: Márcia Souto Couri
Neohybos species from Ecuador is also presented.
15
© 2016 Sociedade Brasileira de Entomologia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. This is an open
16 Keywords:
access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 17 Euhybus 18 Neohybos
19 Neotropical region 20 Syndyas
21 Syneches
22 Introduction Material and methods 45
23 The fauna of Hybotinae from Ecuador has been investigated with The material studied belongs to the following institutions: 46
24 increasing intensity in the recent years (Ale-Rocha and de Carvalho, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium 47
25 2003; Ale-Rocha, 2007). The present paper deals with the Hyboti- (RBINS); Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, 48
26 nae that were collected in the Podocarpus National Park, located in Brazil (INPA); Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Técnica Particu- 49
27 an area of high biodiversity and endemism in the southern part of lar de Loja, San Cayetano Alto, Apartado, Ecuador (UTPL); Museo 50
28 the country. This region represents a biodiversity hotspot, encom- de Inverterbrados da Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, 51
29 passing large areas with a diversity of natural habitats (Rahbek Quito, Ecuador (QCAZ). 52
30 et al., 1995) where humidity, microclimates and geographical bar- In the descriptions, the terminology follows Cumming and 53
31 riers abound. Wood (2009), except for antenna where the terms of Stuckenberg 54
32 Members of Hybotinae are characterized by holoptic females (1999) were used. In descriptions, the following abbreviations are 55
33 (except the genera Lamachella and Leptocyrtoma), usually with used to the setae: acr, acrostichal; dc, dorsocentral; ial, intra-alar; 56
34 heavily sclerotized proboscis projected forward, two veins arising npl, notopleural; pal, postalar; spal, supra-alar; and to positions of 57
35 from cell dm, an usually developed anal lobe and prosternum free the setae on legs: AD, anterodorsal; AV, anteroventral; PD, pos- 58
36 from the proepisternum (Sinclair and Cumming, 2006). Hybotinae terodorsal; PV, posteroventral. Holotype label data are cited in 59
37 includes the tribes Bicellariini and Hybotini, and only Hybotini with full, with original spelling, punctuation and data; a comma sepa- 60
38 eight genera and 137 species has been recorded from the Neotrop- rates data quoted from different lines. In the labels, the annotation 61
39 ics (Yang et al., 2007; Ale-Rocha, 2007, 2008; Ale-Rocha and Vieira, “EC/2009-31/MP&ADB-012” is a sample code; YPT = yellow pan 62
40 2008). trap and RPT = red pan trap. Additional information is included in 63
41 In this paper, we describe nine new species of hybotine flies square brackets. 64
42 from the Podocarpus National Park and add new records of five The terminalia were macerated in hot 85% lactic acid; their 65
43 additional species for Ecuador. A key to species of Neohybos Ale- parts were observed and illustrated in glycerin on depressed slides, 66
44 Rocha and de Carvalho, 2003, from Ecuador, is also presented. and subsequently stored in microvials containing glycerin. Wings 67
were photographed after being removed from the body, mounted 68
between covered slides and glued to a piece of resistant paper. 69
Microvials and microslides were pinned together with their cor- 70
71 E-mail: [email protected] responding specimens.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2016.04.004
0085-5626/© 2016 Sociedade Brasileira de Entomologia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Please cite this article in press as: Ale-Rocha, R. Species of Hybotinae from Podocarpus National Park, Ecuador (Diptera, Empidoidea,
Hybotidae). Rev. Brasil. Entomol. (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2016.04.004
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72 The Podocarpus National Park is located in southern Ecuador, on almost reaching apex of tarsomere. Hind trochanter with 5 robust 122
73 the boundary between the provinces of Loja and Zamora Chinchipe. spines. Hind femur (Fig. 50) with 1D seta on distal fourth; 1A preapi- 123
74 The park covers an area of 360,000 acres (144,993 hectares), with cal seta and 2 setae on apical half; 9 spine-like elongate AV setae; 124
75 an elevation range between 900 m and 3600 m (Ministerio del 15 spine-like V setae with protuberant base, the seven distalmost 125
76 Ambiente, 2015). The park encompasses at least 6 life zones: mon- setae reduced to short, robust spines, followed by parallel series 126
77 tane humid forest, low montane humid forest, very humid montane of 5 spines on distal half, and ventral tubercle bearing brush of 8 127
78 forest, very humid premontane forest, very humid lowland forest, strong, short spines at mid-length of femur; PV series with 4 spines 128
79 and páramo. In Ecuador, Podocarpus National Park is regarded as on basal half and 1 on apical half. Hind tibia lacking strong setae. 129
80 unique due to both its high biodiversity and the high degree of Wing narrow, slightly brownish, stigma brown; costal cell narrow; 130
81 endemism of its fauna and flora (Pollet, 2009). R4+5 and M1 distinctly convergent apically. Abdomen black with 131
discreet metallic bluish shine, with brown pruinescence on tergite 132
82 Taxonomy 8 and very sparse pruinescence on sternites; about 3 times longer 133
than length of thorax. Setulae short and thin, very sparse, inconspic- 134
83 Euhybus pectinifemur sp. nov. uous dorsally, yellow; long setae on tergite 1 and on lateral of St 2–3. 135
Terminalia (Figs. 1–4). Hypandrium with 3 long and robust setae at 136
84 (Figs. 1–6, 50, 51) apex of right lateral lobe. Right surstylus developed, curved, exter- 137
85 Diagnosis. Scutum with discreet bluish metallic shine, and nal surface with small protuberances bearing long robust setae; left 138
86 numerous and elongate black setae. Wing narrow, slightly brown- surstylus wide in lateral view, with long and slender setae. Phallus 139
87 ish, stigma brown. Hind femur thickened, clothed in elongate robust with ventral and dorsal ejaculatory apodemes similar in size; 140
88 yellow setae, with ventral brush of spine-like setae; hind tibia cylin- postgonites asymmetrical. 141
89 drical, widened and concave ventrally near apex to accommodate Female. Similar to the male except for some aspects of hind leg: 142
90 ventral brush of femoral spine-like setae. Hypandrium with 3 long hind femur with 1 strong A seta on distal third, 7AV setae on two 143
91 and robust setae at apex of right lateral lobe; right surstylus devel- distal thirds, 6PV setae on distal half, lacking ventral tubercle bear- 144
92 oped, curved, external surface with small protuberances bearing ing strong spines at mid-length of femur; hind tibia simple, lacking 145
93 long robust setae. wide, concave, preapical ventral area. Terminalia: tergite and ster- 146
94 Description. Holotype male (QCAZ). Body: 5.1 mm. Wing: nite 7 short and wide, sternite with distal margin trilobed; segment 147
95 4.3 mm. 1 Postpedicel lanceolate, about 3 times longer than wide. 8 partially membranous. 148
96 Face very narrowly dichoptic, black, approximately as long as Variations. Some paratypes have brown pleura. 149
97 frons. Ocellar setae thin, parallel and proclinate. Postcranium shiny, Type material. Holotype male (QCAZ). ECUADOR. Zamora 150
98 clothed in dense pale-brown pruinescence; postocular setae elon- Chinchipe, Estación Científica San Francisco [Reserva Biológica 151
99 gate; occipital setae short, thin and numerous. Thorax black except San Francisco], 0713956-9560588, Canal trail 1956 m, Varredura, 152
100 for yellow spot on postpronotal lobe and postalar callus; scutum 12–17/iv/2015, A. Plant & J. Camara Leg. Condition: good, except 153
101 shiny, with discreet bluish metallic shine and brown pruinescence by the left wing folded and right antenna lost. Holotype not 154
102 on lateral and prescutellar disc. Pronotum with numerous marginal, dissected. 155
103 robust and elongate setae. Pleura mostly shiny, with narrow strip Paratypes. Same data as holotype (1 female, 1 male QCAZ; 1 male 156
104 of sparse brown pruinescence on dorsal margin of upper sclerites, INPA). 157
105 and on ventral margins of lower sclerites. Setae black and elon- Geographical distribution. Ecuador (Zamora Chinchipe). 158
106 gate; acr multiserial and dc uniserial on anterior third of scutum, Etymology. From the Latin pecten = comb, in reference to the 159
107 and more numerous and indistinguishable on prescutellar disc; ial series of spines forming a comb on the ventral surface of the hind 160
108 uniserial; spal numerous; notopleuron setose; 3 npl and 1 pal more femur. 161
109 robust, slightly shorter than apical scutellar pair. Scutellum with Comments. This species belongs to the Euhybus neotropicus 162
110 5 pairs of setae: 1 apical pair long, robust, parallel and approxi- species group that includes E. agens Curran, 1931 from Panama, 163
111 mated; 4 lateral pairs slender, half-length of apical pair. Legs black E. hyalopterus (Bezzi, 1905) from Peru, E. neotropicus (Bezzi, 1905) 164
112 except for yellow apex of femora, fore and mid tibiae pale brown, from Bolivia and Brazil and E. verrucicruz Melander, 1928 from Costa 165
113 hind tibia with base and apex yellow and tarsomeres 1–2 of all legs Rica (Ale-Rocha, 2002b). The group shares a narrow hyaline wing 166
114 yellow. Hind femur thickened, clothed in elongate yellow setulae, with costal cell narrow and anal lobe weakly developed, and scutum 167
115 with brush of spine-like setae on ventral surface (Fig. 50); hind tibia with sparse setae. E. pectinifemur sp. nov., however, can be easily 168
116 cylindrical, widened and concave ventrally near apex to accommo- distinguished from the other species of the group by the thickened 169
117 date brush of spines on ventral surface of femur (Fig. 51); setulae hind femur with ventral brush of spine-like setae and hind tibia 170
118 brown. Fore tibia with 1 short preapical A. Fore tarsomere 1 with widened and concave ventrally. The male terminalia also provides 171
119 more robust sub-basal and preapical 1A setae. Mid tibia with 5 more useful characters for the recognition of this species. The hypan- 172
120 robust and short AD setae and 1 long V apical seta surpassing mid- drium has 3 long and robust setae at apex of right lateral lobe and 173
121 length of tarsomere 1. Mid tarsomere 1 with 1 long dorsal seta at the right surstylus is developed and curved with external surface 174
mid-length and 1 preapical seta, and 1 elongate P sub-basal seta bearing long robust setae.
Please cite this article in press as: Ale-Rocha, R. Species of Hybotinae from Podocarpus National Park, Ecuador (Diptera, Empidoidea,
Hybotidae). Rev. Brasil. Entomol. (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2016.04.004
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Figs. 1–6. Euhybus pectinifemur sp. nov.. Male hypopygium (paratype): 1, hypandrium and epandrium, ventral aspect (phallus and postgonites darkened); 2, epandrium
and cerci, dorsal aspect; 3, 4 right and left epandrial lamellae, respectively, lateral aspect. Female terminalia: 5, 6, dorsal and ventral aspect, respectively. Scale bar = 0.3 mm.
Abbreviations: cerc—cerci; epand—epandrium; hypd—hypandrium; ph–phallus; sur—surstylus; st —sternite; tg —tergite.
Please cite this article in press as: Ale-Rocha, R. Species of Hybotinae from Podocarpus National Park, Ecuador (Diptera, Empidoidea,
Hybotidae). Rev. Brasil. Entomol. (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2016.04.004
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175 Key to species of Neohybos from Ecuador (male) (adapted from Ale-Rocha, 2007)
1. Pterostigma colored; hypandrium elongate, with one or two distal lobes ...... 3
1 . Pterostigma hyaline; hypandrium short, lacking distal lobes ...... 2
2. Wing slightly infuscate (Fig. 45); prescutellar disc lacking posterior developed dc pair; hypandrium with posterior margin truncate; phallus short, robust, swollen apex
bearing short lobes and strong spines (Fig. 12) ...... Neohybus globosus sp. nov.
2 . Wing hyaline; prescutellar disc with one posterior poorly developed dc pair; hypandrium distinctly narrowed, posterior margin somewhat concave; phallus long, narrowed
medially and with a deep cleft at the apex, left branch bearing robust spines and a series of conspicuous saw-like lobes (Fig. 21) ...... Neohybus serratus sp. nov.
3. Wing brownish basally (Ale-Rocha, 2007, Fig. 75); right bacilliform sclerite with long process bearing two long and thick thorns apically (Ale-Rocha, 2007, Figs. 10 and 12)
(Colombia, Ecuador) ...... N. brunnescens Ale-Rocha, 2007
3 . Wing hyaline or homogeneously infuscate; process of right bacilliform sclerite, if present, not as above...... 4
4. Scutum wholly pruinose dorsally ...... 5
4 . Pruinescence absent on anterior portion of scutum ...... 8
5. Right bacilliform sclerite with developed process appearing under inner margin of epandrial lamella (Ale-Rocha, 2007, Figs. 1 and 61); color of scutal pruinescense
variable ...... 6
5 . Right bacilliform sclerite without developed process; scutum with rust-colored pruinescense ...... 7
6. Abdomen rather robust, 2.7 times longer than length of thorax; hypandrium long and narrowed basally, right hypandrial lobe wide, short, with two thin pointed projections
on inner margin (Ale-Rocha, 2007, Fig. 35) (Ecuador) ...... N. cupreus Ale-Rocha, 2007
6 . Abdomen long and slender, 3.3 times longer than length of thorax (Fig. 44); distal margin of hypandrium bilobed, left lobe short and right lobe very long, slender and
sinuous, at least 9 times length of right lobe (Fig. 7)...... Neohybos fuliginosus sp. nov.
7. Scutum clothed in gray pruinescence with strip of brown pruinescence along line of dorsocentral bristles; right hypandrial lobe inner curved (Ale-Rocha and de Carvalho,
2003, Fig. 25) (Bolivia, Ecuador) ...... N. luridus (Bezzi, 1909)
7 . Scutum clothed in rust-colored pruinescence; right hypandrial lobe straight (Ale-Rocha, 2007, Fig. 5) (Ecuador) ...... N. bicolor Ale-Rocha, 2007
8. Prescutellar disc with one long, strong pair of dc bristles ...... 10
8 . Prescutellar disc lacking long, strong dc bristles ...... 9
9. Tarsomeres brown; hypandrium with long, slender and clavate median lobe; phallus with a brush of long, stout bristles distally (Ale-Rocha, 2007, Fig. 48)
(Ecuador) ...... N. fuscipes Ale-Rocha, 2007
9 . Tarsomeres 1–2, yellow, the remaining brown; hypandrium with long and wide median lobe, bearing several long slender setae and three sharpened tips distally; phallus
with a swollen apex with dentate margins (Fig. 25) ...... Neohybos spinosus sp. nov.
10. Fore and mid femora yellow, hind femur yellow with apex brown; hind tibia strongly falciform; right epandrial lamella almost three times length of left lamella (Figs. 36–39)
(Colombia, Ecuador) ...... N. elegans Ale-Rocha, 2007
10 . Fore and mid femora pale brown to brown, coloration of hind femur variable; hind tibia not strongly falciform; right epandrial lamella subequal in length to left
lamella ...... 11
11. Hind femur brown to black medially, yellow basally and apically (Fig. 53); hypandrium with long proboscis-like lobe on the right side bearing several long setae along
left margin; phallus slender bearing robust distal spines (Fig. 17) ...... Neohybos rostratus sp. nov.
11 . Hind femur brown to dark brown; hypandrium with broad and setose lobe on right side, with cleft apex; phallus robust, constricted near apex, robust distal spines absent
(Ale-Rocha, 2007, Fig. 70) (Colombia, Ecuador)...... N. tenuis Ale-Rocha, 2007
204
sp. nov.
176 Neohybos fuliginosus with 1A short seta, and 1P preapical seta, poorly differentiated. 205
Fore tarsomere 1 with 1A short seta and 1P preapical seta. Mid tibia 206
177 (Figs. 7–11, 44) bearing 2 AD elongate and strong setae on dorsal half and 1P long 207
178 Diagnosis. Thorax black, entirely pruinose, pruinescence mostly apical seta, almost reaching apex of tarsomere 1. Mid tarsomere 1 208
179 pale brown, scutum with mixed pale and green pruinescence later- with 1AD short and robust seta, 1PD preapical seta, and 1 V long 209
180 ally and wide dorsal golden brown stripe. Scutum almost bare, setae sub-basal seta extending beyond mid-length of tarsomere 1. Hind 210
181 inconspicuous; posterior dc pair not developed. Postpedicel slender trochanter with several robust setae. Hind femur with 3D setae 211
182 and lanceolate. Legs brown to black with mid tibia and all tar- on distal fourth; 1A seta near apex; 9AV spine-like elongate setae; 212
183 someres 1–2 yellow, hind tibia yellow with ventral surface brown. 14 V spine-like setae with protuberant bases, 6 basalmost setae well 213
184 Wing hyaline, stigma pale. Abdomen long and slender, 3.3 times developed and 8 apicalmost setae reduced to short robust spines; 214
185 longer than length of thorax. Distal margin of hypandrium bilobed, PV series with 3 long setae on apical half. All tarsomeres 1 with 215
186 left lobe small and right lobe very long, slender and sinuous, at least 1D basal seta and 1D preapical seta, both somewhat elongate. Hind 216
187 9 times length of right lobe. tibia lacking outstanding setae. Wing narrow; hyaline with pale 217
188 Description. Holotype male (UTPL) (Fig. 44). Body: 5.2 mm. stigma; costal cell narrow; R4+5 and M1 slightly convergent api- 218
189 Wing: 5.2 mm. Head. Postpedicel 3 times longer than wide, longer cally. Abdomen brown, darkening toward base; long and slender, 219
190 than length of scape and pedicel combined. Face narrowly dichop- about 3.3 times longer than length of thorax; all segments cov- 220
191 tic, as long as frons. One pair of elongate divergent ocellar setae. ered by very fine, sparse, pale-brown pruinescence. Setulae yellow, 221
192 Postcranium clothed in dense pale-yellow pruinescence; postoc- very thin, short and inconspicuous dorsally; long setae on tergite 222
193 ular setae somewhat elongate; occipital setae thin, yellow and 1, laterally on tergites 2–3 and on distal margin of sternite 8. Ter- 223
194 uniserial. Thorax black, entirely pruinose, pruinescence mostly pale minalia (Figs. 7–11). Distal margin of hypandrium bilobed, left lobe 224
195 brown, scutum with mixed pale and green pruinescence laterally small and right lobe very long, slender and sinuous, at least 9 times 225
196 and wide dorsal golden brown stripe. Acrostichal and dc uniserial, length of right lobe. Right epandrial lamella deeply cleft distally; 226
197 short, very thin and sparse, brown, posterior dc pair not developed; left surstylus rounded and bearing robust spine-like setae inserted 227
198 ial and spal setae sparse; 2 elongate npl setae, shorter than api- on tubercles. Postgonite slender, left postgonite long and connected 228
199 cal scutellar pair; pal seta as long as npl. Scutellum with 4 pairs to left hypandrial arm. Phallus long and slender. 229
200 of setae: apical pair long, robust, parallel, widely separated, twice Etymology. From the Latin fuligo = soot, in reference to the dense 230
201 longer than lateral seta, which is very thin. Legs brown to black pruinescence covering the thorax. 231
202 with mid tibia and all tarsomeres 1–2 yellow, hind tibia yellow Female. Unknown. 232
203 with ventral surface brown. Hind femur slightly thickened; hind Type material. Holotype male (UTPL). ECUADOR. Loja: 233
tibia slightly arched, cylindrical. Setae mostly yellow. Fore tibia Cajanuma, Podocarpus National Park, trail Los Miradores, 234
Please cite this article in press as: Ale-Rocha, R. Species of Hybotinae from Podocarpus National Park, Ecuador (Diptera, Empidoidea,
Hybotidae). Rev. Brasil. Entomol. (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2016.04.004
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Figs. 7–11. Neohybos fuliginosus sp. nov.. Male hypopygium (holotype): 7, hypandrium (phallus and postgonites darkened); 8, epandrium, ventral aspect; 9, epandrium and
cerci, dorsal aspect; 10, 11, left and right epandrial lamellae, respectively, lateral aspect. Scale bar = 0.3 mm.
235 3000 m, 16/02/2009–20/02/2009 (YPT), leg. Marc Pollet & Anja De Diagnosis. Thorax black, scutum shiny with brown pruines- 251
236 Braekeleer, EC/2009-31/MP&ADB-003. Condition: good, abdomen cence only laterally and prescutellar disc. Postpedicel slender and 252
237 dissected. fusiform. Legs black except for yellow apex of all femora, fore tibia 253
238 Geographical distribution. Ecuador (Loja). pale brown with base and apex yellow, mid tibia and all tarsomeres 254
239 Etymology. From the Latin fuligo = soot, in reference to the dense 1–2 pale yellow, hind tibia yellow on basal half, remaining dark 255
240 pruinescence covering the thorax. brown, all tarsomeres 3–5 brown. Wing slightly brownish, stigma 256
241 Comments. This species resembles Neohybos schlingeri Ale- pale. Hypandrium short and wide, distal margin truncate, bearing 257
242 Rocha, 2007 from Colombia in the colored stigma, wing hyaline, several long thin setae. 258
243 scutum wholly pruinose, lack of a strong pair of dc setae and hypan- Description. Holotype male (QCAZ) (Fig. 45). Body: 4.8 mm. 259
244 drium with very long and slender, sinuous distal lobe. However, in Wing: 4.5 mm. Head. Postpedicel small, twice longer than wide, 260
245 N. fuliginosus sp. nov., the long distal lobe of the hypandrium is pos- shorter than length of scape and pedicel combined. Face narrowly 261
246 itioned laterally, the tibiae are yellow, the right bacilliform sclerite dichoptic, black, shorter than frons. Postcranium clothed in sparse 262
247 lacks a process and the epandrium has a different shape that can brown pruinescence; postocular setae elongate; occipital setae 263
248 easily distinguish it from N. schlingeri. short and somewhat numerous. Thorax black; scutum shiny with 264
brown pruinescence laterally and on prescutellar disc. Pleura cov- 265
ered by dense brown pruinescence. Setae black; acr and dc setae 266
249 Neohybos globosus sp. nov. uniserial, thin, short and very sparse; ial and spal setae elongate; 2 267
npl setae as long as apical scutellar pair; pal seta developed but 268
250 (Figs. 12–15, 45, 52) shorter than npl seta; posterior dc pair not elongate. Scutellum 269
Please cite this article in press as: Ale-Rocha, R. Species of Hybotinae from Podocarpus National Park, Ecuador (Diptera, Empidoidea,
Hybotidae). Rev. Brasil. Entomol. (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2016.04.004
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Figs. 12–15. Neohybos globosus sp. nov.. Male hypopygium (paratype): 12, hypandrium and epandrium, ventral aspect (phallus and postgonites darkened); 13, epandrium
and cerci, dorsal aspect; 14, 15, left and right epandrial lamellae, respectively, lateral aspect. Scale bar = 0.3 mm.
270 with 5 pairs of setae: one apical pair long, robust, divergent, widely M1 slightly convergent apically. Abdomen black; shiny with brown 292
271 separated; 3 lateral pairs slender, half-length of apical pair; one pruinescence on tergite 1, tergite 8, sternites with sparse brown 293
272 pair of very thin and small crossed setae between apical pair. Legs pruinescence; abdomen about 2.7 times longer than thorax. Setu- 294
273 black except yellow apex of all femora, fore tibia pale brown with lae thin and short, very sparse and almost inconspicuous dorsally, 295
274 base and apex yellow, mid tibia and all tarsomeres 1–2 pale yellow, yellow; long setae on tergite 1, lateral on tergites 2–4 and very 296
275 hind tibia yellow on basal half, dark brown on apical half, all tar- long and numerous on distal margin of sternite 8 (as long as ster- 297
276 someres 3–5 brown. Hind femur slightly thickened toward apex, nite). Terminalia (Figs. 12–15). Hypandrium short and wide, distal 298
277 claviform, clothed in sparse thin yellow setulae; hind tibia nearly margin truncate, bearing several long thin setae. Right epandrial 299
278 straight, cylindrical, with brown setulae. Fore tibia with 1A short lamella bearing long and stout spine-like setae and a long ventral 300
279 seta and 1P elongate seta reaching mid-length of tarsomere, and process, both on distal margin; left epandrial lamella with long and 301
280 1 preapical seta. Fore tarsomere 1 with 1A seta and 1P preapical robust process on distal margin and a series of long and very slender 302
281 seta, both elongate and robust. Mid tibia with 2AD, short and more setae along ventral margin. Postgonite ribbon-like, slender; phallus 303
282 robust setae above middle and 1P long apical seta reaching tar- short, robust, swollen apex bearing short lobes and strong spines. 304
283 somere 1. Mid tarsomere 1 with 1AD short and robust preapical Female. Unknown. 305
284 seta, and 1 V elongate sub-basal seta, reaching apex of tarsomere Type material. Holotype male (QCAZ). ECUADOR. Zamora 306
285 1. Hind trochanter with 3 spine-like setae. Hind femur (Fig. 52) Chinchipe, Estación Cientifica San Francisco [Reserva Biológica 307
286 with 2D setae and 1A seta near apex; 8AV elongate spine-like setae; San Francisco], 0713956-9560588, Canal trail 1956 m, Varredura, 308
287 13 V short spine-like setae with protuberant bases, eight distalmost 12–17/iv/2015, A. Plant & J. Camara Leg. Condition: good except 309
288 setae reduced to short robust spines; PV series with 3 setae on basal the left postpedicel and stylus, right stylus and ocellar setae lost; 310
289 third and 5 on apical third. Fore and mid tarsomere 1 with 1A short not dissected. 311
290 and robust basal seta. Hind tibia without stout setae. Wing nar- Paratypes: same data as holotype (2 males QCAZ; 1 male INPA). 312
291 row, slightly brownish, stigma pale; costal cell narrow; R4+5 and Geographical distribution. Ecuador (Zamora Chinchipe). 313
Please cite this article in press as: Ale-Rocha, R. Species of Hybotinae from Podocarpus National Park, Ecuador (Diptera, Empidoidea,
Hybotidae). Rev. Brasil. Entomol. (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2016.04.004
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314 Etymology. From the Latin globus = ball, in reference to the glo- on tergite 1, on lateral of tergite 2 and on distal margin of stern- 378
315 bose appearance of the male hypopygium. ite 8. Terminalia (Figs. 16–20) elongate and slender. Hypandrium 379
316 Comments. In the external morphology, this species is similar to slender with median long proboscis-like lobe bearing several long 380
317 N. colombiensis Ale-Rocha, 2007. With respect to male terminalia, thin basal setae on right margin and long setae along left margin. 381
318 the most conspicuous difference between this species can be seen Epandrium elongate; right lamella bifid distally; left lamella curved 382
319 in the shape of hypandrium which is short and wide with distal inward distally. Postgonite very slender. Phallus long and slender 383
320 margin truncate, bearing several long thin setae in N. globosus sp. bearing robust distal spines. 384
321 nov. Female. Unknown. 385
Type material. Holotype male (QCAZ). ECUADOR. Zamora 386
322 N. rostratus sp. nov. Chinchipe, Estación Cientifica San Francisco [Reserva Biológica 387
San Francisco], 0713956-9560588, Canal trail 1956 m, Varredura, 388
323 (Figs. 16–20, 46, 53) 12–17/iv/2015, A. Plant & J. Camara Leg. Condition: good except by 389
324 Diagnosis. Thorax black except for yellow spot on postprono- postpedicel and stylus lost; terminalia dissected, stored within a 390
325 tal lobe and postalar callus, anepisternum yellowish on upper half; microvial with glycerin. 391
326 scutum shiny with brown pruinescence on lateral and prescutel- Geographical distribution. Ecuador (Zamora Chinchipe). 392
327 lar disc; one posterior dc pair of poorly developed setae. Coxae Etymology. From the Latin rostrum = beak, snout, in reference to 393
328 pale brown, trochanters yellow, fore and mid femora brown; hind the elongate snout-like lobe on distal margin of hypandrium. 394
329 femur yellow basally, brown to black medially and yellow apically; Comments. In the external morphology, this species is similar to 395
330 fore and mid tibiae yellow, hind tibia yellow on basal third and N. fuscipes Ale-Rocha, 2007, but can be distinguished from it by the 396
331 becoming dark brown toward apex; fore and mid tarsomeres 1–2 shape of male terminalia. In N. rostratus sp. nov., the hypandrium 397
332 yellow, all tarsomeres 3–5 dark brown, hind tarsus brown except is slender with median long proboscis-like lobe bearing several 398
333 tarsomere 1 yellow on basal half. Wing slightly brownish, stigma long thin setae, right epandrial lamella bifid distally, left lamella 399
334 brown. Hypandrium slender with median long proboscis-like lobe curved inward distally, phallus slender bearing robust distal spines. 400
335 bearing several long thin basal setae; phallus long and slender bear- In N. fuscipes, the hypandrium is broad with three elongate lobes, 401
336 ing robust distal spines. right epandrial lamella truncate distally, left epandrial lamella not 402
337 Description. Holotype male (QCAZ) (Fig. 46). Body: 5.4 mm. curved inward distally, phallus robust with brush of numerous, long 403
338 Wing: 5.0 mm. Head. Face narrowly dichoptic, black and shorter and stout ventral bristles at distal third. 404
339 than frons. Ocellar setae thin, parallel and oriented upward.
340 Postcranium clothed in dense brown pruinescence; postocular N. serratus sp. nov. 405
341 setae elongate; occipital setae short and uniserial. Thorax black
342 except for yellow spot on postpronotal lobe and postalar callus, (Figs. 21–24) 406
343 anepisternum yellowish on upper half; scutum entirely shiny with Diagnosis. Thorax black; scutum shiny with brown pruinescence 407
344 discreet bluish metallic shine, pruinescence brown on lateral and laterally and on prescutellar disc. Postpedicel slender and fusiform. 408
345 prescutellar disc. Pleura covered by dense brown pruinescence. One posterior poorly developed dc pair of setae. Legs with apex of 409
346 Setae black; acr and dc setae uniserial, sparse, very thin and short; all femora yellow, fore tibia pale brown with base and apex yel- 410
347 ial and spal setae short, sparse; 2 npl setae, as long as apical scutellar low, mid tibia and all tarsomeres 1–2 pale yellow, hind tibia yellow 411
348 pair; pal seta developed, slightly shorter than npl seta; one pos- on basal half and dark brown on apical half, all tarsomeres 3–5 412
349 terior dc pair poorly developed. Scutellum with 6 pairs of setae: and remaining parts brown to dark brown. Wing hyaline, stigma 413
350 one apical pair long, robust, widely separated and divergent; 5 lat- slightly brownish. Phallus deeply cleft distally with left branch saw- 414
351 eral slender pairs, shorter than apical pair. Legs with pale-brown toothed. 415
352 coxae, yellow trochanters, and fore and mid femora brown; hind Description. Holotype male (QCAZ). Body: 5.4 mm. Wing: 416
353 femur yellow basally, brown to black medially and yellow apically; 4.7 mm. Head. Postpedicel small, twice longer than wide, shorter 417
354 fore and mid tibiae yellow, hind tibia yellow on basal third and than length of scape and pedicel combined. Face narrowly dichop- 418
355 becoming dark brown toward apex; fore and mid tarsomeres 1–2 tic, black, shorter than frons. Postcranium clothed in dense brown 419
356 yellow, all tarsomeres 3–5 dark brown, hind tarsus brown, except pruinescence; postocular setae elongate; occipital setae short, thin 420
357 tarsomere 1 yellow on basal half. Hind femur slightly thickened and somewhat numerous. Thorax black; scutum shiny, with a dis- 421
358 toward apex, claviform, clothed in sparse, thin, pale-brown setae; creet metallic bluish shine, with pale-brown pruinescence laterally 422
359 hind tibia nearly straight, cylindrical, setulae brown. Fore tibia with and on prescutellar disc. Pleura covered by dense pale-brown pru- 423
360 1A short preapical seta and 1P elongate seta, reaching mid-length inescence. Acrostichal and dc setae uniserial, sparse, very thin and 424
361 of tarsomere 1. Fore tarsomere with 1A elongate seta and 1P preapi- short, black; ial and spal setae sparse; 2 npl setae as long as apical 425
362 cal, more robust seta. Mid tibia with 3AD more robust, short and scutellar pair; pal developed but shorter than npl setae; posterior 426
363 strong setae on basal half, and 1P long apical seta reaching apex dc pair poorly developed. Scutellum with 8 pairs of setae: one apical 427
364 of tarsomere 1. Mid tarsomere 1 with 1 long and robust preapical pair long, robust, parallel, widely separated; 6 slender lateral setae, 428
365 AD seta, 1 elongate sub-basal V seta reaching apex of tarsomere half-length of apical pair; one pair of very thin and small parallel 429
366 1. Hind trochanter with 2 robust, spine-like setae. Hind femur setae between the long apical pair. Legs: apex of all femora yellow, 430
367 (Fig. 53) with 2D setae on distal fourth; 1A seta on distal third; 10AV fore tibia pale brown with base and apex yellow, mid tibia and all 431
368 spine-like, elongate setae; 17 V spine-like and short setae with pro- tarsomeres 1–2 pale yellow, hind tibia yellow on basal half, all tar- 432
369 tuberant base, the five distalmost reduced to short robust spines; someres 3–5 and remaining parts brown to dark brown. Hind femur 433
370 PV series with 5 spine-like setae on distal third and 2 sub-basal slightly thickened toward apex, claviform, clothed in sparse thin 434
371 setae. First four tarsomeres with 1A short and robust seta at base. yellow setae; hind tibia nearly straight, cylindrical, setae brown. 435
372 Hind tibia lacking strong setae. Wing narrow, slightly brownish, Fore tibia with 1A short and 1P preapical setae. Fore tarsomere 436
373 stigma brown; costal cell narrow; R4+5 and M1 slightly convergent 1 with 1A short and more robust seta and 1P preapical seta. Mid 437
374 apically. Abdomen black, shiny, with brown pruinescence on ter- tibia with 2AD more robust and short setae on dorsal half and 1P 438
375 gite 1, base of tergites 2 and 8 and very sparse pruinescence on long apical seta, reaching apex of tarsomere 1. Mid tarsomere 1 439
376 sternites; about 3.4 times longer than length of thorax. Setulae yel- with 1 preapical short and robust AD seta, 1 V elongate sub-basal 440
377 low, thin, very sparse, short and inconspicuous dorsally; long setae seta reaching apex of tarsomere 1. Hind trochanter with 1 robust 441
Please cite this article in press as: Ale-Rocha, R. Species of Hybotinae from Podocarpus National Park, Ecuador (Diptera, Empidoidea,
Hybotidae). Rev. Brasil. Entomol. (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2016.04.004
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Figs. 16–20. Neohybos rostratus sp. nov.. Male hypopygium (holotype): 16, epandrium and apex of hypandrium, ventral aspect; 17, hypandrium (phallus and postgonites
darkened); 18, epandrium and cerci, dorsal aspect; 19, 20, left and right epandrial lamellae, respectively, lateral aspect. Scale bar = 0.3 mm.
442 spine-like seta. Hind femur with 2D setae on distal sixth; 1A seta Type material. Holotype male (QCAZ). ECUADOR. Zamora 464
443 on distal fifth; 9AV spine-like elongate setae; 13 V spine-like short Chinchipe, Estación Cientifica San Francisco [Reserva Biológica 465
444 setae with protuberant base, and the 9 distalmost, reduced to short San Francisco], 0713956-9560588, Canal trail 1956 m, Varredura, 466
445 and robust spines; PV series with 5 setae on basal third and 3 on 12–17/iv/2015, A. Plant & J. Camara Leg. Condition: good except 467
446 apical third. Fore tarsomeres 1–4 with 1A short and robust basal by the right postpedicel and stylus, and ocellar pair of setae lost; 468
447 seta. Hind tibia lacking strong setae. Wing narrow, hyaline with terminalia dissected, stored within a microvial with glycerin. 469
448 slightly brownish stigma; costal cell narrow; R4+5 and M1 paral- Geographical distribution. Ecuador (Zamora Chinchipe). 470
449 lel apically. Abdomen dark brown; shiny with brown pruinescence Etymology. From the Latin serra = saw, in reference to the 471
450 on tergite 1 and tergite 8, and very sparse brown pruinescence on toothed saw-like apex of phallus. 472
451 sternites; about 3.5 times longer than length of thorax. Setulae thin Comments. This can be distinguished from all other species of 473
452 and short, very sparse, inconspicuous dorsally, yellow; long setae Neohybos by the distinctive shape of the male terminalia, particu- 474
453 on T1, on lateral of T2 and on distal margin of St 8. Terminalia larly the phallus which is narrower medially, deeply cleft distally 475
454 (Figs. 21–24) globose. Hypandrium short, distinctly narrow basally with left branch saw-toothed distally. 476
455 and wider distally, posterior margin somewhat concave, bearing
456 some long and robust setae. Right epandrial lamella bearing long N. spinosus sp. nov. 477
457 spine-like setae on distal margin, and large distal process; left epan-
458 drial lamella with large curved distal process with apex broadened (Figs. 25–28, 54) 478
459 in lateral view. Postgonite very slender, ribbon-like. Phallus Diagnosis. Thorax black, scutum with weak metallic bluish 479
460 unusual, long, narrower medially and deeply cleft distally, left shine, brown pruinescence only on lateral of scutum and prescutel- 480
461 branch bearing robust spines distally and a series of conspicuous lar disc; postpedicel slender and lanceolate; posterior dc setae pair 481
462 tooth, saw-like lobes, on shaft. not developed; legs brown to black except mid tibia, tarsomeres 482
463 Female. Unknown. 1–2, distal half of fore tibia and basal half of hind tibia dark yellow; 483
Please cite this article in press as: Ale-Rocha, R. Species of Hybotinae from Podocarpus National Park, Ecuador (Diptera, Empidoidea,
Hybotidae). Rev. Brasil. Entomol. (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2016.04.004
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Figs. 21–24. Neohybos serratus sp. nov.. Male hypopygium (holotype): 21, hypandrium and epandrium, ventral aspect (phallus and postgonites darkened); 22, epandrium
and cerci, dorsal aspect; 23, 24, left and right epandrial lamellae, respectively, lateral aspect. Scale bar = 0.3 mm.
484 wing pale brown, stigma brown, hind femur with long AV spine-like cylindrical. Setae yellow. Fore tibia with 1A short preapical seta and 507
485 setae, giving it a thorny appearance; distal margin of hypandrium 1P long seta reaching mid-length of tarsomere 1. Fore tarsomere 508
486 with a long and wide median lobe, almost twice length of hypan- with 1A short and robust, 1D and 1P preapical setae. Mid tibia with 509
487 drium, bearing several long slender setae and three sharpened tips 3AD elongate and strong setae on upper half and 1P long apical 510
488 distally; phallus long, with a swollen apex with dentate margins. seta reaching apex of tarsomere 1. Mid tarsomere 1 with 1 short 511
489 Description. Holotype male (QCAZ). Body: 4.7 mm. Wing: and robust preapical AD seta, 1 long sub-basal V seta reaching mid- 512
490 4.8 mm. Head. Postpedicel 3 times longer than wide (observed in length of tarsomere 2. Hind trochanter with 2 robust setae. Hind 513
491 female), as long as length of scape and pedicel combined. Face nar- femur (Fig. 54) with 2D setae on distal fourth and 1 robust A seta 514
492 rowly dichoptic, black and shorter than frons. One pair of short, beyond mid-length; 9 long, spine-like AV setae; 16 V, shorter spine- 515
493 parallel ocellar setae. Postcranium shiny, clothed in sparse yellow like setae with protuberant bases, the 9 basalmost setae developed 516
494 pruinescence; postocular setae short; occipital setae thin, yellow and the 7 apicalmost setae reduced to short, robust spines; PV series 517
495 and uniserial. Thorax black; scutum with weak metallic bluish with 7 spine-like setae on distal half. Mid tarsomere 1 with 1 basal 518
496 shine, brown pruinescence only on lateral of scutum and pres- and 1 preapical, slender, somewhat elongate, dorsal setae. Hind 519
497 cutellar disc. Pleura covered by dense pale-brown pruinescence. tibia lacking outstanding setae. Wing somewhat broadened, stigma 520
498 Acrostichal and dc setae very thin and short, sparse and brown; acr infuscate with brown; costal cell narrow; R4+5 and M1 slightly con- 521
499 setae 4-serial; dc setae uniserial; ial and spal setae sparse; 2 npl vergent apically. Abdomen black; all segments covered with very 522
500 setae as long as apical scutellar pair; pal seta shorter than npl seta; fine and sparse metallic bluish dust, brown pruinescence only on 523
501 posterior dc pair not developed. Scutellum with 6 pairs of setae: api- tergite 1, base of tergites 2 and 8 and very sparse on sternites; 524
502 cal pair longest, robust and parallel, twice longer than the very thin abdomen long and slender, about 3 times longer than length of 525
503 lateral setae. Legs brown to black except mid tibia, all tarsomeres thorax. Setulae yellow, very thin and short, almost inconspicuous 526
504 1–2, distal half of fore tibia and basal half of hind tibia dark yel- dorsally, and longer on T1, lateral of T2–3 and very long on distal 527
505 low. Hind femur moderately thickened, with a thorny appearance margin of St 8 (as long as sternite). Terminalia (Figs. 25–28). Distal 528
506 due to the long AV spine-like setae; hind tibia slightly arched and margin of hypandrium with long and wide median lobe, almost 529
Please cite this article in press as: Ale-Rocha, R. Species of Hybotinae from Podocarpus National Park, Ecuador (Diptera, Empidoidea,
Hybotidae). Rev. Brasil. Entomol. (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2016.04.004
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Figs. 25–30. Neohybos spinosus sp. nov. Male hypopygium (holotype): 25, epandrium and hypandrium, ventral aspect (phallus and postgonites darkened); 26, epandrium and
cerci, dorsal aspect; 27, 28, left and right epandrial lamellae, respectively, lateral aspect. Female terminalia: 29, 30, dorsal and ventral aspect, respectively. Scale bar = 0.3 mm.
530 twice length of hypandrium, bearing several long slender setae and PV series with 5 spine-like setae on distal third. Terminalia 538
◦
531 and three sharpened tips distally. Right epandrial lamella slender (Figs. 29 and 30): Segment 8 asymmetrical, rotated 45 to the left; 539
532 and bifurcate distally, with preapical dorsal elongate process; left sclerites fused forming a cylindrical structure, membranous on left 540
533 epandrial lamella bearing three distal lobes with varied shapes. side in ventral view, lateral margin of ventral plate bearing an elon- 541
534 Postgonite ribbon-like, slender; phallus long, narrowest on medial gate finger-like projection at mid-length; cercus positioned on right 542
535 portion with a swollen apex with dentate margins. side. 543
536 Female. Similar to male except for hind femur with 1D setae on Type material. Holotype male (QCAZ). ECUADOR. Zamora 544
537 distal fourth, 8 long spine-like AV setae, 9V short spine-like setae Chinchipe, Estación Cientifica San Francisco [Reserva Biológica 545
Please cite this article in press as: Ale-Rocha, R. Species of Hybotinae from Podocarpus National Park, Ecuador (Diptera, Empidoidea,
Hybotidae). Rev. Brasil. Entomol. (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2016.04.004
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546 San Francisco], 0713956-9560588, Canal trail 1956 m, Varredura, segments covered by dense red brown pruinescence dorsally and 610
547 12–17.iv.2015, A. Plant & J. Camara Leg. Condition: good except fine sparse bluish dust laterally. Abdomen long and slender, about 611
548 by postpedicel and stylus of the antennae and ocellar setae lost; 4 times length of thorax; setae yellow, thin, very sparse, inconspic- 612
549 terminalia dissected, stored within a microvial with glycerin. uous dorsally and longer laterally on tergites 1–2. Sterite 8 with 613
550 Paratypes: same data as holotype (2 females INPA, 2 females elongate setae on distal margin. Terminalia (Figs. 31–35) robust. 614
551 QCAZ). Distal margin of hypandrium triangular with long marginal setae. 615
552 Geographical distribution. Ecuador (Zamora Chinchipe). Epandrium large; left epandrial lamella shorter than right lamella, 616
553 Etymology. From the Latin spina = thorn, in reference to the long distal margin rounded in lateral view, bearing elongate and robust 617
554 AV spine-like setae on hind femur, giving it a thorn appearance. spine-like setae, a sinuous and elongate distal process on ventrolat- 618
555 Comments. This species has a very distinctive combination of eral margin, and dorsolateral margin bearing small distal bilobed 619
556 characters: male with outstanding spine-like setae on hind femur, process; right epandrial lamella with distal margin trilobed in lat- 620
557 hypandrium with distal margin bearing a long and wide median eral view, ventrolateral margin deeply cleft basally and bearing 621
558 lobe, almost twice length of hypandrium, bearing several long slen- moderately long setae. Phallus short and robust, bearing developed 622
559 der setae and three sharpened tips distally; phallus long, with a and sclerotized ejaculatory apodeme. Postgonite wide, partially 623
560 swollen apex with dentate margins; and female with unusually encircling the phallus. 624
561 rotated eighth abdominal segment with a digitiform process that Female. Unknown. 625
562 is easily visible externally. Type material. Holotype male (UTPL). ECUADOR. Zamora 626
Chinchipe: Bombuscaro, Podocarpus National Park, trail 627
sp. nov.
563 Syndyas longiventris Higuerones, 1000 m, 15/02/2009–21/02/2009 (YPT), leg. Marc 628
Pollet & Anja De Braekeleer, EC/2009-32/MP&ADB-006. Condition: 629
564 (Figs. 31–35, 47) good, abdomen dissected. 630
565 Diagnosis. Abdomen long and slender, about 4 times longer than Geographical distribution. Ecuador (Zamora Chinchipe). 631
566 length of thorax; scutum and pleura black; scutellum with 1 api- Etymology. From the Latin longus = long and ventris = abdomen, 632
567 cal robust seta and 6 lateral slender setae; wing with cells bm and in reference to the very long and slender abdomen. 633
568 br subequal in length; hind femur moderately swollen with 16AV Comments. This is the second species of Syndyas known from 634
569 spine-like setae inserted on small protuberances; fore and mid tib- the Neotropical Region. This species differs from Syndyas amazon- 635
570 iae, apex of fore and mid femora, all tarsomeres 1–2 and basal half ica Ale-Rocha, 1999, the other Neotropical species, in having a long 636
571 and apex of hind tibia dark yellow, remaining parts brown to dark abdomen, about 4 times length of thorax, scutellum with seven 637
572 brown. pairs of setae, and some features of male terminalia. In S. ama- 638
573 Description. Holotype male (UTPL) (Fig. 47). Body 6.7 mm; wing zonica, the male terminalia is comparatively simpler, the distal 639
574 3.7 mm. Head. Upper facets discreetly enlarged. Ocellar setae par- margin of the hypandrium is truncate and the epandrial lamel- 640
575 allel, erect, long and slender. Face narrow, black with brown lae are slightly concave on distal margin, forming two small lobes 641
576 pruinescence. Antenna brown; pedicel with short, slender setae; (Ale-Rocha, 1999, Figs. 3–6). 642
577 postpedicel about twice longer than wide, as long as length of
578 scape and pedicel combined; stylus 3 times length of antenna. Syneches flavithorax sp. nov. 643
579 Postcranium black; pruinescence brown, paler and denser around
580 subcranial cavity; postocular setae long and weak, pale brown; (Figs. 36–38, 48) 644
581 lower half of occiput with short and weak setae. Palpus pale brown; Diagnosis. Antenna, proboscis, palpus and scutum yellow; 645
582 proboscis dark yellow. Thorax black in ground-color; scutum cov- pleura yellow with ventral margin of anepisternum, ventral half 646
583 ered by pale-brown pruinescence except for a narrow bare band on of katepisternum and meron pale brown. Legs long and slender, 647
584 anterior margin. Acrostichal and dc multiserial, weak and yellow, yellow except apex of hind femur black; mid tibia with 1 long AD 648
585 longer on prescutellar disc; pronotum with one row of elongate seta. Wing with colorless stigma. Hypandrium elongate; distal mar- 649
586 and thin marginal setae; 2 long and stout npl; pal not present; gin with a deep medial concavity forming two lobes bearing long 650
587 scutellum with 1 preapical pair (broken) and 6 short and thin, setae, apical seta longest. 651
588 lateral setae. Legs. Fore and mid legs with apex of femora, tibiae Description. Holotype male (UTPL) (Fig. 48). Body 4.0 mm; wing 652
589 and tarsomeres 1–2 dark yellow, remaining parts brown; hind leg 3.8 mm. Head. Eyes with lower facets slightly enlarged near sub- 653
590 with coxa, trochanter and femur black, tibia dark yellow with wide cranial cavity. Eyes yellow on upper part and pale brown on lower 654
591 brown ring beyond mid-length, tarsomeres 1–2 dark yellow, 3–5 part. Ocelli yellow. Ocellar triangle very protuberant, as high as 655
592 brown. Coating setulae sparse, thin, pale brown to yellow, longer twice the diameter of ocellus; ocellar setae short and slender. 656
593 on posterior surface of mid tibia and fore coxa. Hind femur mod- Face brown with brown pruinescence. Antenna yellow with short 657
594 erately swollen. Hind tibia tubular, slightly arched and swollen yellow microtrichiae; pedicel with short, brown marginal setae; 658
595 apically. Hind tarsomere 1 approximately as long as all remaining postpedicel small, as long as length of scape and pedicel combined, 659
596 tarsomeres combined. Mid tibia with robust AD setae, becoming rounded, 1.5 times longer than wide, with 1 dorsomedial brown 660
597 longer apically, and short robust setae surrounding apex, 1 V apical seta as long as postpedicel; stylus about 4.5 times length of antenna, 661
598 longer seta, about half-length of respective tarsomere 1. Hind coxa with short microtrichiae, bare on distal fourth. Postcranium dark 662
599 with anterior robust preapical setae. Hind trochanter with 1 V short brown with ferruginous pruinescence, setae brown; postocular 663
600 and robust spine. Hind femur bearing 16AV spine-like, long setae setae short, straight and sparse; occipital setae sparse, moderately 664
601 that become shorter apically; row with 10PV spine-like short setae long, about twice length of postocular setae. Proboscis and palpus 665
602 inserted on small tubercles, becoming longer apically; 1D seta on brown; palpus short, third length of proboscis, microtrichiae yel- 666
603 apical fourth and 1A long and robust seta. Fore and mid tarsomere 1 low, 1 apical and 1 long ventral medial setae. Thorax. Prosternum 667
604 bearing 1 medial and 1 preapical dorsal, robust and elongate setae; narrow. Pronotum yellow with short brown marginal setae. Scu- 668
605 fore tarsomere 1 with short AV spine-like seta. Wing hyaline, stigma tum yellow, strongly arched, pyramidal, postalar callus whitish; 669
606 not colored; first section of vein M and vein A1+CuA2 inconspicu- golden pruinescence anteriorly and whitish pruinescence on pres- 670
607 ous; costal, r1, br, bm, basal half of r2+3 and dorsal margin of cup cutellar disc; scutellum yellow with yellow pruinescence. Setae 671
608 cells lacking microtrichiae; Sc not reaching beyond h, reaching near short, sparse and brown (setae of prescutellar disc lost); acr setae 672
609 R1 as a fold; br and bm subequal in length. Abdomen dark brown, all 4-serial; dc setae uniserial; 2 robust npl setae, widely separated, 673
Please cite this article in press as: Ale-Rocha, R. Species of Hybotinae from Podocarpus National Park, Ecuador (Diptera, Empidoidea,
Hybotidae). Rev. Brasil. Entomol. (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2016.04.004
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Figs. 31–35. Syndyas longiventris sp. nov.. Male hypopygium (holotype): 31, epandrium and apex of hypandrium, ventral aspect; 32, hypandrium (phallus and postgonites
darkened); 33, epandrium and cerci, dorsal aspect; 34, 35, right and left epandrial lamellae, respectively, lateral aspect. Scale bar = 0.3 mm.
674 the posterior longer; 1 pal seta. Scutellum with 1 subapical pair of concavity forming two lobes bearing long setae, apical seta longest. 691
675 long and robust setae; apical pair slender, half-length of subapical Epandrial lamella wide; with one long and stouter preapical seta. 692
676 pair; and 3 weak lateral setae, about two-thirds of subapical pair. Phallus robust with sharpened apex and two elongate lateral pro- 693
677 Pleura yellow, except for lower half of meron and katepisternum, tuberances. Postgonite broad, as long as phallus. 694
678 and ventral margin of anepisternum pale brown; pruinescence Female. Unknown. 695
679 yellow. Legs long and slender, yellow except apex of hind femur Type material. Holotype male (UTPL). ECUADOR. Zamora 696
680 black. Coating setulae short, sparse, pale brown; outstanding setae Chinchipe: San Francisco, Reserva Biológica San Francisco, trail 697
◦ ◦
681 sparse. Mid tibia with 1 long sub-basal AD seta reaching apex of Canal, 2000 m, 03 58 30 S 79 04 25 W, 13/02/2009–3/03/2009 698
682 tibia, and 1 moderately long apical V seta, surpassing mid-length of (MT), leg. Marc Pollet & Anja De Braekeleer, EC/2009-36/MP&ADB- 699
683 tarsomere 1. Hind tibia with 1D seta before middle and 1P preapi- 017. Condition: good, abdomen dissected. 700
684 cal, moderately long seta. Hind femur with 1AV seta anterior to Geographical distribution. Ecuador (Zamora Chinchipe). 701
685 mid-length and 1AV seta on distal fourth, moderately long and Etymology. From the Latin flavus = yellow, in reference to the 702
686 only slightly thickened. Wing. Subhyaline, stigma colorless; apex of coloration of thorax. 703
687 R2+3 nearly straight. Abdomen about 2.5 times longer than thorax; Comments. This species is similar to S. moraballi Smith, 1963 by 704
688 brown with golden pruinescence. Setae brown, sparse, elongate, having prescutellar disc covered by dense whitish pruinescence, 705
689 stouter on latero-distal margin of tergites. Terminalia (Figs. 36–38) legs slender and yellow, and wing hyaline with colorless stigma. 706
690 robust. Hypandrium elongate; distal margin with a deep medial S. flavithorax sp. nov. has yellow thorax, apex of hind femur black 707
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Figs. 36–38. Syneches flavithorax sp. nov.. Male hypopygium (holotype): 36, epandrium, hypandrium, phallus and postgonites, ventral aspect; 37, right epandrial lamella,
lateral aspect; 38, epandrium and cerci, dorsal aspect. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
708 and hind tibia lacking median ring, while in S. moraballi, the thorax setae; postpedicel shorter than length of scape and pedicel com- 730
709 is light brown, the hind femur is entirely yellow and the hind tibia bined, brown, with 1 short sub-basal dorsal seta, apex truncate; 731
710 has a median brown ring. stylus bare, approximately twice length of antenna. Postcranium 732
brown, pruinescence sparse and pale; postocular setae short, 733
711 Syneches polleti sp. nov. almost inconspicuous on upper half of postcranium, brown; occip- 734
ital setae sparse, longer than postoculars. Proboscis and palpus 735
712 (Figs. 39–43, 49) yellow; palpus with one apical and one long ventral median setae. 736
713 Diagnosis. Antenna pale brown to brown. Proboscis and palpus Thorax. Prosternum narrow. Pronotum with short, pale-brown, 737
714 yellow. Thorax brown except postpronotal lobe and postalar callus marginal setae. Scutum highly arched but rounded; brown with 738
715 yellow; scutum highly arched but rounded with reddish brown pru- postpronotal lobe and postalar callus yellow; with reddish brown 739
716 inescence on anterior half and mixed gray and golden pruinescence pruinescence on anterior half and mixed gray and golden pruines- 740
717 on prescutellar disc and scutellum, and slender grayish yellow dor- cence on prescutellar disc and scutellum, a slender grayish yellow 741
718 socentral stripe; prosternum narrow. Legs slender with hind tibia dorsocentral stripe and pale pruinescence laterally. Setae short, 742
719 swollen toward apex and hind tarsomere 1 enlarged; legs yellow sparse and brown, longer on prescutellar disc; acr setae multise- 743
720 except coxae, trochanters, apex of hind femur, distal three-fourths rial with one discreetly differentiated pair on prescutellar disc; dc 744
721 of fore tibia, hind tarsomere 1, distal portion of hind tarsomeres setae uniserial, with 1 prescutellar pair long and robust and bent 745
722 2–5 and fore and mid tarsomeres pale brown. Hypandrium elon- tip; ial sparse; 2 long npl setae; 1 long and slender pal seta. Scutel- 746
723 gate; with some long setae on distal half medially; distal margin lum setose with 1 long and robust, slightly convergent, subapical 747
724 with shallow medial concavity forming two round lateral lobes. pair of setae; 2 slender apical pairs, convergent, about three-fourth 748
725 Description. Holotype male (UTPL) (Fig. 49). Body 4.7 mm; wing the length of subapical pair; and 5 slender lateral setae, as long 749
726 3.7 mm. Head. Eyes and ocelli yellow. Ocellar triangle slightly pro- as apical pair. Pleura brown with pale pruinescence. Legs slen- 750
727 tuberant; anterior pair of ocellar setae long and posterior pair der; femora not swollen; hind tibia swollen toward apex; hind 751
728 very short and thin. Face brown with brown pruinescence. Scape tarsomere 1 enlarged. Coxae, trochanters, apex of hind femur, dis- 752
729 and pedicel pale brown; pedicel bearing elongate brown marginal tal three-fourths of fore tibia, hind tarsomere 1, distal portion of 753
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Hybotidae). Rev. Brasil. Entomol. (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2016.04.004
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Figs. 39–43. Syneches polleti sp. nov.. Male hypopygium (paratype): 39, epandrium, hypandrium, phallus and postgonites, ventral aspect; 40, right epandrial lamella, lateral
aspect; 41, epandrium and cerci, dorsal aspect. Female terminalia: 42, 43, dorsal and ventral aspect, respectively. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
754 hind tarsomeres 2–5 and fore and mid tarsomeres pale brown, long and robust. Wing yellowish, subhyaline with large quadrate 762
755 remaining parts yellow. Setae pale brown. Fore tibia with 3AD setae brown stigma at the end of cell r1. Abdomen slender, about 3 763
756 slightly longer and more robust than all other setae; basal third of times length of thorax; brown with reddish brown pruinescence. 764
757 mid tibia with 1AD seta and 1PV seta, very long, surpassing, apex Setae brown, short dorsally and longer on lateral of tergites. Ter- 765
758 of tibia, and 1 long apical P seta reaching apex of tarsomere 1. Hind gite 8 short; sternite 8 short and trapezoidal, with some setae on 766
759 femur with 4 very long AV setae, 1A seta and 1D short seta on dis- distal corners. Terminalia (Figs. 39–41) robust. Hypandrium elon- 767
760 tal fourth, and some elongate PV setae on distal third. Hind tibia gate; with some long setae on distal half medially; distal margin 768
761 with 1 median AD seta and 1 preapical AD seta, with both setae with shallow medial concavity forming two round lateral lobes. 769
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Hybotidae). Rev. Brasil. Entomol. (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2016.04.004
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Figs. 44–49. Hybotinae from Podocarpus National Park, Ecuador, habitus: 44, Neohybos fuliginosus sp. nov., holotype; 45, Neohybos globosus sp. nov., holotype; 46, Neohybos
rostratus sp. nov., holotype; 47, Syndyas longiventris sp. nov., holotype; 48, Syneches flavithorax sp. nov., holotype; 49, Syneches polleti sp. nov., holotype. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
770 Epandrial lamellae wide, slightly concave apically with small dor- De Braekeleer, EC/2009-36/MP&ADB-016 (1 male, RBINS); same 786
771 soapical projection and robust preapical setae. Phallus elongate data as holotype (1 male, INPA). 787
772 with round apex and two small lateral protuberances. Postgonite Geographical distribution. Ecuador (Zamora Chinchipe). 788
773 broad, slightly longer than phallus. Etymology. The species is named after Marc Pollet from the 789
774 Female. As in male. Terminalia (Figs. 42 and 43): T 8 rectangular; Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Brussels, Belgium, 790
775 St 8 mostly membranous with central portion sclerotized and short collector of the type-series, in honor of his worldwide contribution 791
776 setae; cercus very short, ovate, about one-fourth length of segment to the knowledge of Empidoidea. 792
777 10. Comments. This species is similar to S. manaos Smith, 1962 in 793
778 Type material. Holotype male (UTPL). ECUADOR. Zamora having a narrow prosternum, wing with large quadrangular stigma 794
779 Chinchipe: San Francisco, Reserva Biológica San Francisco, at the end of vein r1 and abdomen slender and elongate. The two 795
◦ ◦
780 trail rio San Francisco, 2000 m, 03 58 30 S 79 04 25 W, species can be distinguished by the protuberant ocellar triangle 796
781 25/02/2009–3/03/2009 (YPT), leg. Marc Pollet & Anja De Braekeleer, and slender femora in S. polleti sp.nov. In S. manaos, the ocellar 797
782 EC/2009-36/MP&ADB. Condition: good, not dissected. triangle is not protuberant and all femora are swollen, notably the 798
783 Paratypes. ECUADOR. Zamora Chinchipe: San Francisco, hind femur. Additionally, the features of the male terminalia are 799
◦
784 Reserva Biológica San Francisco, trail Canal, 2000 m, 03 58 30 S dissimilar in both species. 800
◦
785 79 04 25 W, 25/02/2009–3/03/2009 (YPT), leg. Marc Pollet & Anja New records from Ecuador and National Park of Podocarpus 801
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Hybotidae). Rev. Brasil. Entomol. (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2016.04.004
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Figs. 50–54. Hybotinae from Podocarpus National Park, Ecuador, legs: 50, Euhybus pectinifemur sp. nov., hind femur, posterior aspect; 51, Euhybus pectinifemur sp. nov., hind
tibia, posterior aspect; 52, Neohybos globosus sp. nov., hind leg, anterior aspect; 53, Neohybos rostratus sp. nov., hind femur, anterior aspect (holotype); 54, Neohybos spinosus
sp. nov., hind femur, anterior aspect. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
802 The following species are herein recorded for the first time from 0713956 – 9560588, Canal trail, 1956 m, Varredura, 12–17/iv/2015, 841
803 the National Park of Podocarpus. Those with an asterisk are new A. Plant & J. Camara Leg. (1 female, QCAZ). 842
804 records for Ecuador: Geographical distribution. Ecuador, Brazil (Ale-Rocha, 1999). 843
805 Neohybos brunnescens Ale-Rocha, 2007* Syneches rafaeli Ale-Rocha & Vieira, 2008* 844
806 Material examined. ECUADOR. Loja: Cajanuma, Podocarpus Material examined. ECUADOR. Zamora Chinchipe: Bombus- 845
807 National Park, trail Oso de anteojos, 3000 m, 16/02/2009–20/02/ caro, Podocarpus National Park, trail El Mirador, 1000 m, 846
808 2009, (YPT), leg. Marc Pollet & Anja De Braekeleer, EC/2009-31/ 26/02/2009–4/03/2009 (YPT), leg. Marc Pollet & Anja De Braekeleer, 847
809 MP&ADB-011 (1 male, RBINS); 16/02/2009–20/02/2009, EC/ EC/2009-38/MP&ADB-001 (1 female, RBINS); trail Higuerones, 848
810 2009-31/MP&ADB-012 (1 male, 3 females, RBINS); 1000 m, 21/02/2009–26/02/2009 (WPT), leg. Marc Pollet & Anja De 849
811 20/02/2009–27/02/2009, EC/2009-34/MP&ADB-003 (1 female, Braekeleer, EC/2009-35/MP&ADB-007 (1 female, RBINS). 850
812 RBINS); 20/02/2009–27/02/2009, EC/2009-34/MP&ADB-011 Geographical distribution. Ecuador, Brazil (Ale-Rocha and 851
813 (1 female, RBINS); 20/02/2009–27/02/2009, EC/2009-34/MP&ADB- Vieira, 2008). 852
814 012 (1 male, 3 female, RBINS); 27/02/2009–5/03/2009, Cerathybos sp. 853
815 EC/2009-37/MP&ADB-012 (7 females, RBINS); trail Los Miradores, Material examined. ECUADOR. Zamora Chinchipe: Bombus- 854
816 3000 m, 16/02/2009–20/02/2009, EC/2009-31/MP&ADB-004 caro, Podocarpus National Park, trail El Mirador, 1000 m, 855
817 (1 female, INPA); trail Bosque Nublado, 3000 m, 27/02/2009– 26/02/2009–4/03/2009 (YPT), leg. Marc Pollet & Anja De Braekeleer, 856
818 5/03/2009, EC/2009-37/MP&ADB-002 (1 male, INPA); EC/2009-38/MP&ADB-002 (1 female, RBINS). 857
819 16/02/2009–20/02/2009, EC/2009-31/MP&ADB-001 (1 female, Geographical distribution. Ecuador, Brazil, Colombia, Peru, 858
820 INPA); 20/02/2009–27/02/2009, EC/2009-34/MP&ADB-001 Bolivia (Bezzi, 1909; Ale-Rocha and Rafael, 1995; Ale-Rocha, 859
821 (1 male, INPA). 2002a). 860
822 Geographical distribution. Ecuador, Colombia (Ale-Rocha,
823 2007).
824 Neohybos luridus (Bezzi, 1909)
825 Material examined. ECUADOR. Zamora Chinchipe, Estación Material not identified 861
826 Cientifica San Francisco [Reserva Biológica San Francisco], 0713956
827 – 9560588, Canal trail, 1956 m, Varredura, 12–17.iv.2015, A. Plant Five female specimens of Neohybos (Neohybos 2, 3, 4, 5) could 862
828 & J. Camara Leg. (1 male, 1 female, QCAZ). not be identified, but are probably new species: 863
829 Geographical distribution. Ecuador, Bolivia (Bezzi, 1909). Neohybos sp. 1: ECUADOR. Loja: Cajanuma, Podocarpus National 864
830 Neohybos tenuis Ale-Rocha, 2007 Park, trail Bosque Nublado, 3000 m, 16/02/2009–20/02/2009 865
831 Material examined. ECUADOR. Zamora Chinchipe: San (YPT), leg. Marc Pollet & Anja De Braekeleer, EC/2009- 866
832 Francisco, Reserva Biológica San Francisco, trail Canal, 2000 m, 31/MP&ADB-002 (1 female, RBINS); trail Los Miradores, 3000 m, 867
◦ ◦
833 03 58 30 S 79 04 25 W, 18/02/2009–25/02/2009 (YPT), leg. Marc 27/02/2009–5/03/2009 (RPT), leg. Marc Pollet & Anja De Braekeleer, 868
834 Pollet & Anja De Braekeleer, EC/2009-33/MP&ADB-004 (2 males, EC/2009-37/MP&ADB-007 (1 female, RBINS). 869
835 RBINS). Neohybos sp. 2: ECUADOR. Loja: Cajanuma, Podocarpus National 870
836 Geographical distribution. Ecuador, Colombia (Ale-Rocha, Park, trail Los Miradores, 3000 m, 20/02/2009–27/02/2009 (YPT), 871
837 2007). leg. Marc Pollet & Anja De Braekeleer, EC/2009-34/MP&ADB-003 872
838 Syndyas amazonica Ale-Rocha, 1999* (1 female, RBINS). 873
839 Material examined. ECUADOR. Zamora Chinchipe, Estación Neohybos sp. 3: ECUADOR. Loja: Cajanuma, Podocarpus National 874
840 Cientifica San Francisco [Reserva Biológica San Francisco], Park, trail Oso de anteojos, 3000 m, 20/02/2009–27/02/2009 (YPT), 875
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Hybotidae). Rev. Brasil. Entomol. (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2016.04.004
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876 leg. Marc Pollet & Anja De Braekeleer, EC/2009-34/MP&ADB-012 References 904
877 (1 female, RBINS).
Ale-Rocha, R., 1999. Descric¸ ão de Syndyas amazonica sp.n, primeiro registro do 905
878 Neohybos sp. 4: ECUADOR. Zamora Chinchipe: San Francisco,
◦ gênero na região Neotropical (Diptera, Empididae, Hybotinae). Acta Amazôn. 906
879 Reserva Biológica San Francisco, trail Canal, 2000 m, 03 58 30 S 29, 319–323. 907
◦
880 79 04 25 W, 25/02/2009–3/03/2009 (YPT), leg. Marc Pollet & Ale-Rocha, R., 2002a. Descric¸ ão de duas espécies novas de Cerathybos Bezzi (Diptera, 908
Empididae, Hybotinae). Acta Amazon. 32, 293–298. 909
881 Anja De Braekeleer, EC/2009-36/MP&ADB-01 (1 female, RBINS);
Ale-Rocha, R., 2002b. Revisão do gênero Euhybus coquillett (Diptera, Empididae, 910
882 Estación Cientifica San Francisco [Reserva Biológica San Francisco],
Hybotinae) da Região Neotropical. Grupo dimidiatus. Acta Amazon. 32, 299–324. 911
883 0713956 – 9560588, Canal trail, 1956 m, Varredura, 12–17/iv/2015, Ale-Rocha, R., 2007. New species of Neohybos Ale-Rocha & Carvalho (Diptera, 912
Hybotidae, Hybotinae) from Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Zootaxa 1503, 33–54. 913
884 A. Plant & J. Camara Leg. (1 female, QCAZ).
Ale-Rocha, R., 2008. Revision of the Neotropical genus Lactistomyia Melander 914
(Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae). Zootaxa 1692, 1–25. 915
885 Conflicts of interest Ale-Rocha, R., de Carvalho, C.J.B., 2003. Neohybos gen. nov. (Diptera, Empidoidea, 916
Hybotinae) from the Neotropical Region. Zootaxa 387, 1–16. 917
Ale-Rocha, R., Rafael, J.A., 1995. Nova espécie e primeiro registro do gênero Cerathy- 918
886 The author declares no conflicts of interest.
bos Bezzi no Brasil (Diptera, Empididae, Hybotinae). Rev. Bras. Entomol. 39, 919
189–192. 920
887 Acknowledgements Ale-Rocha, R., Vieira, R.M., 2008. Hybotinae (Diptera, Hybotidae) do Parque Nacional 921
do Jaú, Amazonas, Brasil, com descric¸ ão de cinco espécies novas de Syneches 922
Walker. Acta Amazon. 38, 113–126. 923
888
This work was funded by the Leopold III Fund and Fund for Scien- Bezzi, M., 1909. Beitraege zur Kenntniss der südamerikanischen Dipterenfauna. Fam. 924
925
889 tific Research-Flanders (FWO-Vlaanderen, both Belgium); Conselho Empididae. Nova Acta Leopolino-Carolinae 91, 297–406.
Cumming, J.M., Wood, D.M., 2009. Adult morphology and terminology. In: Brown, 926
890 Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, Brazil),
B.V., Borkent, A., Cumming, J.M., Wood, D.M., Woodley, N.E., Zumbado, M.A. 927
891 research grant and financial support numbers 457485/2014-0 and
(Eds.), Manual of Central American Diptera, vol. 1. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, 928
892 401.243/2012–5; Coordenac¸ ão de Aperfeic¸ oamento de Pessoal de pp. 9–50. 929
Ministerio del Ambiente, 2015. National system of protected areas. Parq. Nac. 930
893 Nível Superior (CAPES) and Fundac¸ ão de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado
Podocarpus, Available at: http://areasprotegidas.ambiente.gob.ec/en/areas- 931
894 do Amazonas (FAPEAM) (both in Brazil), financial support num-
protegidas/podocarpus-national-park (accessed 31.08.15). 932
895 ber 23038.008112/2012-29. Specimens were collected during two Pollet, M., 2009. In search for dolichopodid flies in southern Ecuador: the true 933
story. Fly Times 42, 36–51, Available at: http://www.nadsdiptera.org/News/ 934
896 surveys: “Biodiversity and ecology of long-legged flies (Diptera:
FlyTimes/issue42.pdf (accessed 22.02.16). 935
897 Dolichopodidae) along an altitudinal gradient in the Neotropi-
Rahbek, C., Bloch, H., Poulsen, M.K., Rasmussen, J.F., 1995. The avifauna of the 936
898 cal Andes” (PI: Marc Pollet) and “Hemerodromia Meigen (Diptera, Podocarpus National Park-the “andean jewel in the crown” of Ecuador’s pro- 937
tected areas. Ornitol. Neotrop. 6, 113–120. 938
899 Empididae, Hemerodromiinae) na região Neotropical” (PI: José
Sinclair, B.J., Cumming, J.M., 2006. The morphology, higher-level phylogeny and 939
900 Albertino Rafael). I am grateful to Marc Pollet (Research Institute
classification of the Empidoidea (Diptera). Zootaxa 1180, 1–172. 940
901 for Nature and Forest, Brussels, Belgium), Adrian Plant (National Stuckenberg, B.R., 1999. Antennal evolution in the Brachycera (Diptera), with a 941
reassessment of terminology relating to the flagellum. Stud. Dipterol. 6, 1–16. 942
902 Museum Wales, UK) and Josenir Camara (Instituto Nacional de
Yang, D., Zhang, K., Yao, G., Zhang, J., 2007. World catalog of Empididae (Insecta: 943
903 Pesquisas da Amazônia, Amazonas, Brazil) for loaning the material
Diptera). China Agricultural University Press, Beijing. 944
used in the study.
Please cite this article in press as: Ale-Rocha, R. Species of Hybotinae from Podocarpus National Park, Ecuador (Diptera, Empidoidea,
Hybotidae). Rev. Brasil. Entomol. (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2016.04.004