Dissertação Elitania Da Silva Mourão

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Dissertação Elitania Da Silva Mourão UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO AMAZONAS CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS DO AMBIENTE Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Ambiente e Sustentabilidade na Amazônia- PPG/CASA PESQUISAS CIENTÍFICAS E GESTÃO NAS UNIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO FEDERAIS DO AMAZONAS ELITANIA DA SILVA MOURÃO Orientador: Prof. Dr. João Tito Borges MANAUS 2010 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO AMAZONAS CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS DO AMBIENTE Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Am biente e Sustentabilidade na Amazônia- PPG/CASA PESQUISAS CIENTÍFICAS E GESTÃO NAS UNIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO FEDERAIS DO AMAZONAS ELITANIA DA SILVA MOURÃO Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Ciências do Ambiente e Sustentabilidade na Amazônia – Nível: Mestrado Acadêmico, para obtenção do Título de Mestra em Ciências do Ambiente e Sustentabilidade na Amazônia, Área de Concentração: Política e Gestão Ambiental Orientador: Prof. Dr. João Tito Borges MANAUS 2010 Ficha catalográfica elaborada pela Biblioteca Central da UFAM M929p Mourão, Elitania da Silva Pesquisas científicas e gestão nas unidades de conservação Federais do Amazonas / Elitania da Silva Mourão. Manaus: UFAM, 2010. 145f. : il. color. ; 30 cm Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências do Ambiente e Sustentabilidade na Amazônia ) - Universidade Federal do Amazonas. Orientadora: Prof. Dr. João Tito Borges ELITANIA DA SILVA MOURÃO PESQUISAS CIENTÍFICAS E GESTÃO NAS UNIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO FEDERAIS DO AMAZONAS Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Ciências do Ambiente e Sustentabilidade na Amazônia – Nível: Mestrado Acadêmico, para obtenção do Título de Mestra em Ciências do Ambiente e Sustentabilidade na Amazônia, Área de Concentração: Política e Gestão Ambiental APROVADA POR: _________________________________________ Prof. Dr. João Tito Borges Universidade Federal do Amazonas _________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Henrique dos Santos Pereira Universidade Federal do Amazonas _________________________________________ Profª Drª Rita de Cássia Guimarães Mesquita Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa na Amazônia Dedico à minha família, meu porto seguro, que mesmo sem entender o que eu estudava sempre me apoiou. A conquista é para vocês! AGRADECIMENTOS A Deus, força superior que me ilumina e me acompanha sempre. A minha família, luz da minha vida, que me fez acreditar que eu poderia chegar mais longe do que eu imaginava. Ao CNPq, apoio sem o qual provavelmente esta pesquisa não teria se concretizado. Ao professor Orientador e Amigo Professor Tito Aos professores Henrique Pereira e João Bosco Ladislau pelas valiosas contribuições que enriqueceram bastante esse trabalho. Aos profissionais do ICMBIO Mônia Fernandes e Leila Sena (escritório CR 02), gestores Ana D’Aminco (Parna Campos Amazônicos), Branca Tressoldi (Resex Baixo Juruá), Estevão Carino (Flona Iquiri), Leonard Schumm (Esec Juami Japurá), Marcelo Henrique (Parna Nascente do Lago Jari), Keuris Kelly (Flona Amazonas), Leomar Indrusiak (Flona Mapiá Inauni), Ana Flávia (Resex Rio Unini), Bruno Vinicius (Parna Pico da Neblina), Lauri Corso (Esec Jutaí Solimões), Caio Pamplona (Rebio Uatumã), Wilzer Cristiane (Flona Humaitá), Jackeline Nóbrega (Flona Balata Tufari), Felipe Mendonça (Resex Arapixi), Flávio Paim (Flona do Purus), Rosi Batista (Resex Médio Juruá), Astrogildo Moraes (Flona Tefé), Elder Pena (Resex Auati Paraná), Enir Costa (Flona Jatuarana), Cristina (Parna do Jaú), Hueliton (Parna de Anavilhanas) e Daniel Maiolino (Resex Lago do Capanã Grande) que em meio as atividades tribuladas de seus cotidianos colaboraram com nossa pesquisa. Ao professor Eduardo Pinheiro pela paciência na construção dos mapas. A Profª Ivani pelo apoio e compreensão. Aos amigos do mestrado em especial Helo, Jander, Picanço, Wagner, Emeline, Rita e Nina pela amizade, força e carinho Aos amigos do laboratório de geografia Humana em especial as amigas Thayanna e Franci e ao Alex pelo apoio e companhia principalmente nas noites não dormidas. E a todos aqueles que de alguma forma contribuíram ou torceram para que esta idéia se concretizasse registro o meu muito Obrigada! Hoje, e amanhã mais ainda, gerir uma unidade de conservação sem possuir as informações sistematizadas é uma tarefa complexa, passa a ser inviável, principalmente naquelas em que há muita pressão advinda do exterior (FARIA, 2007) RESUMO Neste trabalho se propôs analisar as pesquisas realizadas nas Unidades de Conservação Federais do Amazonas e a aplicação dos resultados das mesmas na gestão dessas áreas. O estudo abordou dois aspectos: as características das pesquisas desenvolvidas e o uso das informações oriundas dessas pesquisas na gestão das Unidades. Foram identificadas e analisadas 965 pesquisas realizadas em 19 unidades no período de 1985 a 2009, segundo critérios estabelecidos na metodologia, o que permitiu constatar que 70 % dos estudos estavam concentrados na Unidade Área de Relevante Interesse Ecológico Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de fragmentos florestais, enquanto em outras 12 UCs, apesar de algumas existirem a mais de vinte anos, não foi constatado um estudo sequer. Foram aplicados 23 questionários, que correspondem a 70% do total de UCs e a aproximadamente 80% das UCs que dispõem de um gestor. O estudo possibilitou constatar que menos de 10% dos resultados obtidos nas pesquisas são incorporadas na gestão UCs, o que pode ser justificado principalmente pela desarticulação entre as necessidades demandadas pelos gestores e essas pesquisas realizadas. Concluiu-se também que outros fatores contribuem para que isto ocorra, como, a falta de uma comunicação entre os pesquisadores e os gestores após o término da pesquisa (os gestores em muitas situações não recebem os resultados dos pesquisadores), carência de recursos humanos para auxiliarem nas tarefas operacionais nas unidades, além de problemas financeiros para subsidiar a gestão. Palavras-chave: unidades de conservação, gestão, pesquisa. ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze the research conducted in the Federal Conservation Units of the Amazon and their implementation on the management of these areas. The study had two aspects: the characteristics of the research undertaken and the use of information from these studies in the management of the Units, 965 surveys conducted in 19 units during the period 1985 to 2009, according to criteria established in the methodology. It was found that 80% of the studies were concentrated in the ARIE PDBFF, while in 12 other conservation areas, though there are more than twenty years, was not even a study found. 23 questionnaires were applied, corresponding to 70% of UCs and approximately 80% of UCs who have a manager. The study made it possible to see that less than 10% of the results obtained from the surveys are incorporated into the PA management, which can be mainly explained by a mismatch between the needs required by managers and these researches. It was also concluded that other factors contribute to make this happen, as the lack of communication between researchers and managers after completing the survey (in many cases managers do not receive the results of the researchers), lack of human resources for assist in the operational tasks in the units, and financial problems to subsidize management. Key words: conservation units, management, research. LISTA DE FIGURAS, MAPAS E TABELAS Pág. Figura 01 - Unidades de conservação por categoria e período de governo..................... 28 Figura 02 – Número de pesquisas realizadas nas UCs ao longo dos anos..................... 65 Figura 03 - Pesquisas por tipo (publicação e nível acadêmico)...................................... 66 Figura 04 – Participação das agências de fomento no apoio à pesquisa (período de 1985 a 2009).................................................................................................................... 67 Figura 05 - Pesquisas por área de conhecimento conforme classificação CNPq/ CAPES............................................................................................................................. 68 Figura 06 – Número de pesquisas em função da fauna estudada nas UCs...................... 68 Figura 07 - Natureza das Instituições que desenvolvem pesquisas nas UCs................. 69 Figura 08 - Tempo de atuação dos gestores nas UCs...................................................... 70 Figura 09 - Quantidade de funcionários alocados nas UCs ao longo dos anos............... 71 Figura 10 - Quadro de funcionários necessários, conforme opinião dos gestores.......... 72 Figura 11 - Existência de Plano de Manejo nas UCs...................................................... 73 Figura 11 - Grau de execução das ações de manejo, segundo a percepção dos gestores 74 Figura 13 - Grau de execução do subprograma de pesquisa, segundo a percepção dos gestores............................................................................................................................ 74 Figura 14 - Ações executadas nas UCs que não possuem Plano de Manejo................... 75 Figura 15 - Dificuldades relacionadas à gestão, segundo a percepção do gestor............ 76 Figura 16 - Procedimento para a autorização de pesquisa nas UCs................................ 78 Figura 17 - Número de proposta de pesquisas recebidas por mês................................... 79 Figura 18 - Justificativas para propostas de pesquisas recusadas, segundo os gestores.. 79 Figura 19 - Temas de pesquisas mais recorrentes nas UCs segundo dos gestores.......... 80 Figura 20 - Demandas de pesquisas mais urgentes segundo os gestores........................ 81 Figura 21 - Infra estrutura
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