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La Aplicación De Políticas Nacionales Sobre El Sistema Seguro 2019 PIARC

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La Aplicación De Políticas Nacionales Sobre El Sistema Seguro 2019 PIARC www.piarc.org 2019R39ES LA APLICACIÓN DE POLÍTICAS NACIONALES SOBRE EL SISTEMA SEGURO: UN RETO COMITÉ TÉCNICO C.1 POLÍTICAS Y PROGRAMAS NACIONALES DE SEGURIDAD VIAL LA APLICACIÓN DE POLÍTICAS NACIONALES SOBRE EL SISTEMA SEGURO: UN RETO 2019R39ES SOBRE LA ASOCIACIÓN MUNDIAL DE LA CARRETERA La Asociación Mundial de la Carretera (PIARC) es una organización sin fines de lucro establecida en 1909 para mejorar la cooperación internacional y fomentar el progreso en el ámbito de las carreteras y el transporte por carretera. El estudio objeto del presente informe se definió en el Plan Estratégico de la PIARC de 2016-2019 aprobado por el Consejo de la Asociación Mundial de la Carretera, integrado por representantes de los gobiernos nacionales miembros. Los miembros del Comité Técnico responsable de este informe fueron nominados por los gobiernos nacionales miembros debido a sus competencias especiales. Las opiniones, resultados, conclusiones y recomendaciones expresadas en esta publicación son las de los autores y no reflejan necesariamente los puntos de vista de sus entidades o agencias matrices. Este informe está disponible en la página web de la Asociación Mundial de la Carretera: http://www.piarc.org Copyright World Road Association. Reservados todos los derechos. Asociación Mundial de la Carretera (PIARC) Arche Sud 5° niveau 92055 La Défense Cedex, France ISBN: 978-2-84060-598-0 Portada © Adobe Stock LA APLICACIÓN DE POLÍTICAS NACIONALES SOBRE EL SISTEMA SEGURO: UN RETO COMITÉ TÉCNICO C.1 POLÍTICAS Y PROGRAMAS NACIONALES DE SEGURIDAD VIAL LA APLICACIÓN DE POLÍTICAS NACIONALES SOBRE EL SISTEMA SEGURO: UN RETO 2019R39ES AUTORES Y AGRADECIMIENTOS Este informe ha sido elaborado por el Comité Técnico C.1 Políticas y Programas Nacionales de Seguridad Vial (2016-2019). El trabajo se basa en una encuesta a 31 organismos gubernamentales nacionales para identificar las prácticas actuales en la aplicación de una infraestructura vial segura. El cuestionario incluye los avances en la legislación nacional, las políticas, las estrategias de seguridad vial, los sistemas de gestión de la seguridad, los planes de financiación de la infraestructura vial y las iniciativas basadas en los resultados de los Sistemas Seguro. A continuación se presentan por orden alfabético los principales contribuyentes a la preparación de este informe: • Blair Turner (Australia) - Copresidente del Grupo de Trabajo • Paul de Leur (Canadá) - Co-Líder del Grupo de Trabajo • Ana Tomaz (Portugal) • Erin Kenley (Estados Unidos) • Karen Scurry (Estados Unidos) • Rob McInerney (Reino Unido) • Ruggero Ceci (Suecia) • Tidiani Diabate (Malí) Los editores del informe son: • Blair Turner (Australia) - Copresidente del Grupo de Trabajo • Paul de Leur (Canadá) - Co-Líder del Grupo de Trabajo • Ana Tomaz (Portugal) Revisión final y control de calidad de la versión en inglés del informe de: • Jean-François Corté, Coordinador del Tema Estratégico • Patrick Mallejacq, Secretaría General de la PIARC La versión francesa del informe fue revisada por Tidiani Diabate y Laurent Carnis. La versión en español del informe fue revisada por Jesús María Leal y Juan Emilio Rodríguez. El Presidente y la Secretaría del Comité Técnico de la PIARC C.1 Políticas y Programas Nacionales de Seguridad Vial (2016-2019) son: • Presidente: Roberto ARDITI (Italia) • Secretario de habla inglesa: Rob MCINERNEY (Reino Unido) • Secretario francófono: Laurent CARNIS (Francia) • Secretario de habla hispana: Juan Emilio RODRIGUEZ (Argentina) Las respuestas al cuestionario y el análisis del informe fueron proporcionados por los participantes, que no proporcionan necesariamente la respuesta oficial de su propio Comité Nacional de la PIARC. Además, es posible que algunos de estos participantes no hayan formado parte de la organización de la PIARC. En el Anexo 2 figura la lista de los representantes nacionales que respondieron a los cuestionarios. Este informe no podría haberse elaborado sin su contribución y los autores de este informe LA APLICACIÓN DE POLÍTICAS NACIONALES SOBRE EL SISTEMA SEGURO: UN RETO 2019R39ES reconocen su valiosa participación. Las respuestas se basan en los conocimientos de que disponían esos representantes en el momento de la encuesta y pueden no reflejar la situación completa de un país determinado. También debe tenerse en cuenta que puede haber prácticas locales regionales o provinciales que difieran de la respuesta nacional proporcionada. RESUMEN EJECUTIVO 2019R39ES LA APLICACIÓN DE POLÍTICAS NACIONALES SOBRE EL SISTEMA SEGURO: UN RETO Las Naciones Unidas y otros organismos internacionales han reconocido que el Método para un Sistema Seguro es un elemento esencial para mejorar la seguridad vial. El Manual de Seguridad Vial de la PIARC describe los elementos clave del Método para un Sistema Seguro y refuerza los principios del Sistema Seguro (véase este capítulo: https://roadsafety.piarc.org/en/road-safety- management/safe-system-approach). Este informe contribuye a la seguridad vial mundial mediante un resumen de las políticas y la aplicación del sistema nacional de seguridad en relación con el Método para un Sistema Seguro. En el informe también se destacan las medidas que pueden adoptar tanto los países de ingresos bajos como los de ingresos medios y altos para acelerar el avance hacia los resultados del Sistema Seguro. El informe incluye una serie de conclusiones clave extraídas de un examen y una encuesta de las prácticas internacionales relacionadas con las políticas y la aplicación de los sistemas seguros nacionales, que se enumeran a continuación y se desarrollan con más detalle en el cuerpo de este informe. El presente informe se centra en los elementos de seguridad vial relacionados con la infraestructura, con una atención limitada a los acuerdos institucionales y la gestión de la seguridad. Debe entenderse que un enfoque con éxito del Sistema Seguro no se limita a las medidas de infraestructura, sino que también reconoce la necesidad de un enfoque holístico que abarque la educación, el cumplimiento de las normas, la gestión y los procedimientos institucionales para respaldar la prevención y la reducción de los accidentes. Las administraciones de carreteras siguen enfrentándose a grandes retos y obstáculos a la hora de aplicar políticas para un Sistema Seguro. Los desafíos políticos incluyen el apoyo y la financiación, la orientación y la información. Los retos de gestión incluían la coordinación y la disponibilidad de personal cualificado, la falta de datos sobre accidentes y el conocimiento del estado de las carreteras. Es alentador observar que los conocimientos sobre el Sistema Seguro son relativamente altos, y muchos países ya han adoptado este método. Sin embargo, sólo un tercio de los que respondieron a esta encuesta indicaron que su país había aplicado con éxito un método para un Sistema Seguro. En cuanto a la infraestructura de los Sistemas Seguros, sólo la mitad de los países encuestados indicaron que habían logrado implanter unos objetivos específicos a nivel nacional, mientras que otros indicaron que esos objetivos estaban integrados en otros planes estratégicos. La gestión de la velocidad, incluyendo el establecimiento de límites de velocidad apropiados, es un elemento clave de un sistema vial seguro, y se proporciona información sobre los límites de velocidad adoptados actualmente en los países encuestados. La gran mayoría de los países ha establecido objetivos de seguridad vial, aunque en muchos casos (alrededor de la mitad de los países encuestados) no había objetivos específicos para la provisión de una infraestructura vial segura. Cada vez se reconoce más que el uso de indicadores clave de rendimiento (KPI) específicos, para ayudar a establecer unos objetivos ambiciosos en materia de seguridad vial y supervisar los avances hacia su consecución, es un elemento importante de la RESUMEN EJECUTIVO gestión de la seguridad vial, incluidos los KPI (IRC) para las infraestructuras. Se necesita más orientación para los organismos de carreteras sobre la eficacia de los IRC de infraestructura, proporcionándose en este informe ejemplos que facilitan un punto útil de partida. La mayoría de los países tienen métodos para priorizar las inversiones en seguridad vial y, de manera similar, la mayoría utiliza varios métodos. El método más utilizado es la Relación Beneficio- Coste, pero también se utilizan habitualmente el Potencial de Mejora, el Coste-Efectividad y los Índices de Siniestralidad. En cuanto a las soluciones eficaces de seguridad vial para aplicar a los tipos comunes de accidentes, la mayoría de los países contaban con políticas, estrategias y medidas para hacerles frente. Sin embargo, alrededor de un tercio de los países no han llevado a cabo esas actividades para abordar las principales categorías de accidentes, como los choques frontales, los accidentes por salida de la vía, los accidentes en las intersecciones y los accidentes en los que están implicados usuarios vulnerables de la vía pública. Muchos países también carecían de estrategias eficaces para hacer frente a los accidentes relacionados con la velocidad. Este informe contiene una amplia selección de opciones de tratamiento que respaldan otras guías de la PIARC sobre este tema (por ejemplo, PIARC, 2009). Del mismo modo, se han puesto en marcha diferentes políticas, estrategias y acciones para aplicar a los diferentes grupos de usuarios de la carretera, con ejemplos que se presentan en este informe. Esta información será de interés para los países que deseen desarrollar estrategias de gestión de riesgos para
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