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Ground-Water Development in Several Areas of Northeastern Illinois

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Ground-Water Development in Several Areas of Northeastern Illinois REPORT OF INVESTIGATION 47 Printed by authority of the State of Illinois—Ch. 127, IRS, Par. 58.29 STATE OF ILLINOIS HON. OTTO KERNER, Governor DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION WILLIAM SYLVESTER WHITE, Director BOARD OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND CONSERVATION WILLIAM SYLVESTER WHITE, Chairman ROGER ADAMS, Ph.D., D.Sc, H.D., Chemistry ROBERT H. ANDERSON, B.S., Engineering THOMAS PARK, Ph.D., Biology CHARLES E. OLMSTED, Ph.D., Botany LAURENCE L. SLOSS, Ph.D., Geology WILLIAM L. EVERITT, E.E., Ph.D., University of Illinois DELYTE W. MORRIS, Ph.D., President, Southern Illinois University ILLINOIS STATE WATER SURVEY LIBRARY COPY MAY 0 1988 STATE WATER SURVEY DIVISION WILLIAM C. ACKERMANN, Chief URBANA 1964 98475—1500—1-63 370 CONTENTS Page Abstract 1 Summary 1 Introduction 2 Well-numbering system 3 Acknowledgments .... ............................ 3 Hadley Valley area near Joliet 4 Geography and climate 4 Geology 5 Occurrence of ground water 6 Hydraulic properties of aquifer and confining bed 8 Aquifer tests 8 Theoretical effects of pumping 11 Geohydrologic boundaries of aquifer 11 Construction features and yields of wells 12 Ground-water withdrawals 14 Fluctuations of water levels and their significance 15 Configuration of prezometric surface of aquifer 17 Streamflow and ground-water runoff 19 Recharge to aquifer 20 Model aquifer and mathematical model 21 Practical sustained yield of existing well field and potential yield of aquifer 22 Woodstock area 23 Geography and climate 23 Geology 24 Occurrence of ground water 27 Hydraulic properties of aquifers and their confining beds 28 Aquifer tests 28 Theoretical effects of pumping 31 Ground-water withdrawals 31 Construction features and yields of wells 33 Fluctuations of water levels and their significance 34 Configuration of piezometric surface of aquifers 35 Recharge to aquifers 37 Vertical permeability of confining bed 38 Model aquifer and mathematical model . 38 Practical sustained yield of existing well fields 39 Libertyville area 39 Geography and climate 40 Geology 40 Occurrence of ground water 43 Water-yielding properties of aquifers 43 Silurian dolomite aquifer 43 Glacial drift aquifers 45 Probable yields of dolomite wells 46 Construction features of wells and pumps 47 Ground-water withdrawals ................... 48 Leakage through Maquoketa Formation 50 Fluctuations of water levels and their significance 50 Configuration of piezometric surface of aquifers 51 Coefficient of transmissibility of Silurian dolomite aquifer at Libertyville 55 Recharge to aquifers 55 Vertical permeability of confining bed 56 Practical sustained yield of existing well fields at Libertyville and Mundelein 56 Silurian dolomite aquifer 56 . Glacial drift aquifer 57 Chicago Heights area 57 Geography and climate 57 Geology 58 Occurrence of ground water 59 Page Construction features of wells and pumps 61 Ground-water withdrawals 62 Leakage through Maquoketa Formation 64 Fluctuations of water levels and their significance 65 Configuration of piezometric surface of aquifer 69 Recharge to aquifer 69 Water-yielding properties of Silurian dolomite aquifer 72 Coefficient of transmissibility................................................................................................................... 72 Effects of dewatering on yields of dolomite wells 72 Gravity yield of Silurian dolomite aquifer 73 Vertical permeability of confining bed 74 Probable yields of wells 74 Practical sustained yield of existing well fields at Chicago Heights and Park Forest 74 LaGrange area 75 Geography and climate 75 Geology 76 Occurrence of ground water 78 Construction features of wells and pumps 78 Ground-water withdrawals 79 Leakage through Maquoketa Formation 80 Fluctuations of water levels and their significance 80 Configuration of piezometric surface of aquifer 81 Water-yielding properties of Silurian dolomite aquifer 83 Effects of dewatering 85 Probable yields of wells 86 Recharge to aquifer 86 Vertical permeability of confining bed 86 Practical sustained yield of existing well fields at LaGrange and Western Springs 87 Other selected areas 87 Conclusions 91 References 93 ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1 Location of Joliet, Woodstock, Chicago Heights, Libertyville, and LaGrange 3 2 Location of Hadley Valley area and municipal well field near Joliet 4 3 Annual and mean monthly precipitation at Joliet 5 4 Bedrock topography east of Joliet 5 5 Cross sections of glacial drift and piezometric profiles east of Joliet 6 6 Saturated thickness of sand and gravel deposits in Hadley Valley area 8 7 Location of selected wells and test holes in Hadley Valley area 8 8 Location of wells used in aquifer tests in Hadley Valley area 9 9 Generalized construction features and logs of observation wells in Hadley Valley area 9 10 Time-drawdown graphs for two wells in Hadley Valley area 10 11 Theoretical distance-drawdown graph for aquifer tests in Hadley Valley area 10 12 Graph of theoretical distance-drawdown for aquifer similar to that in Hadley Valley area 11 13 Plan of image-well system for aquifer in Hadley Valley area..., 12 14 Graph of theoretical time-drawdown considering barrier boundaries for aquifer in Hadley Valley area 12 15 Generalized construction features and logs of production wells in Hadley Valley area 12 16 Location of production and observation wells in Hadley Valley area 13 17 Average monthly pumpage from sand and gravel aquifer in Hadley Vallev area.. 14 18 Average monthly pumpage from five wells in Hadley Valley area, 1951-1961 14 19 Average annual pumpage from sand and gravel aquifer in Hadley Valley area, 1951-1961, subdivided by'well 15 20 Ground-water pumpage (A), daily water levels in well 5 7d2 (B), and daily precipi• tation (C) during 1959 in Hadley Valley area 15 Figure Page 21 Water levels in well 5.7d2 in Hadley Valley area, 1950-1961 15 22 Water levels in well 5 4g in Hadley Valley area, 1950-1953 16 23 Nonpumping levels in five wells in Hadley Valley area, 1950-1961 16 24 Pumping levels in five wells in Hadley Valley area, 1950-1961 17 25 Relation between average pumpage and decline in water levels in Hadley Valley area 17 26 Approximate elevation of piezometric surface in Hadley Valley area, May 24-25, 1962 17 27 Drainage basin of Spring Creek and area of diversion in Hadley Valley area 19 28 Flow-duration curve for Spring Creek in Hadley Valley area 19 29 Streamflow at gaging station on Spring Creek in Hadley Valley area, 1932 19 30 Location of partial record stream-gaging stations in Hadley Valley area 20 31 Orientation of model aquifer for Hadley Valley area 21 32 Mechanical analyses of samples from well 27 3c in Hadley Valley area 22 33 Location of pumping centers in Woodstock area 23 34 Annual precipitation at Marengo 23 35 Mean monthly precipitation at Marengo 23 36 Bedrock topography of Woodstock area 24 37 Bedrock geology of Woodstock area 24 38 Cross section of glacial drift and piezometric profiles in Woodstock area 25 39 Thickness of unconsolidated deposits overlying the bedrock in Woodstock area 25 40 Mechanical analyses of samples for well in Woodstock area 25 41 Location of selected wells and test holes in Woodstock area 28 42 Time-recovery graph for well 5.7d3 at Woodstock 28 43 Location of wells used in aquifer tests at Woodstock 29 44 Generalized graphic logs of wells used in aquifer test 4 at Woodstock 29 45 Time-drawdown graph for well 32 3c2 at Woodstock 29 46 Distance-drawdown graph for aquifer test 4 at Woodstock 30 47 Time-drawdown graphs for three wells at Woodstock 30 48 Graph of theoretical time-drawdown for lower aquifer at Woodstock 31 49 Ground-water pumpage from sand and gravel aquifers at Woodstock, 1921-1962.... 32 50 Ground-water pumpage from sand and gravel aquifers at Woodstock, 1952-1962.... 32 51 Graphs of average daily pumpage in three wells in new municipal well field at Woodstock 32 52 Generalized construction features and logs of production wells in old municipal well field at Woodstock 33 53 Well locations in old municipal well field at Woodstock 33 54 Well locations in new municipal well field at Woodstock 34 55 Generalized construction features and logs of production wells in new municipal well field at Woodstock , 34 56 Nonpumping levels in wells at Woodstock, 1956-1962 34 57 Pumping levels in wells at Woodstock, 1956-1962 35 58 Relation between average pumping rate and decline of water levels in old municipal well field at Woodstock 35 59 Approximate elevation of piezometric surface of lower aquifer in Woodstock area, August-September 1962 36 60 Model aquifer (A) and mathematical model (B) for lower aquifer at Woodstock.... 38 61 Theoretical distance-drawdown graph for lower aquifer at Woodstock 39 62 Location of Libertyville area 40 63 Annual precipitation at Waukegan 40 64 Mean monthly precipitation at Waukegan 40 65 Bedrock topography of Libertyville area 41 66 Bedrock geology of Libertyville area 41 67 Thickness of Silurian rocks in Libertyville area 41 68 Cross section of glacial drift and piezometric profiles in Libertyville area 41 69 Thickness of unconsolidated deposits overlying bedrock in Libertyville area 41 70 Location of selected wells and test holes in Libertyville area 43 71 Coefficient of transmissibility versus specific capacity for several values of well radius and pumping period 45 72 Specific-capacity frequency graphs for dolomite wells in Libertyville area 45 73 Estimated specific capacities of wells in Silurian dolomite aquifer in Libertyville area 46 Figure Page 123 Water levels in wells at Western Springs, 1924-1962 81 124 Relation between
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