2790 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 21 Esther C. O'Neill, ANC, N759814. Kenneth R. Ingold. that God -so loved the world that He gave Victoria R. Pavlowski, ANC, N732916 Richard L. Jones, 01060832. His only begotten Son, that whosoever Martha ·s. Pearce, ANC, N755492. · Harry L. Kellinger, 0970538, believeth in Him shall not perish but have Lillie C. W. Penn, ANC, N703803. Erj:iest N. King, 01183333. Constance M. Perfett, ANC, N767251. James E. Kingman, 02204575. everlasting life. How we thank Thee for Rose L. Ponticello, ANC, N742074. Henry K. Mattern, 0554030. the promise that Thou hast given us of Anna M. Potochnik, ANC, N774123. Roy E. Platt, Jr., 02206797. eternal life. We pray that Thou wilt Nancy A. Probasco, ANC, N788282. James L. Reavis. help each one of us. to appropriate Him Ruth M. Roberts, ANC, N756012. Kenneth G. Stauffer, 02014693. and may each know that that only comes Ernestine Robertson, ANC, ·N721751. Cyril N. Volk, 02210306. when we db have Him in our hearts. Cecelia D. Romeyn, ANC, N728167. Charles F. West, 02204584. How we thank Thee for this body of men Anne Rose, ANC, N704084. Allen W. Wiegand, 0499123. here, that they are willing to begin the Margaret C. Ross, ANC, N734396. The following-named distinguished m111- Andrew C. Ruoff III, MC, 0511154. day with Thee, seeking Thy guidance and tary students for appointment in the Regular wisdom. How we thank Thee for the Na­ Jean G. Russo, ANC, N723207. Army of the United States, in the grade of Ruth P. Satterfield, ANC, N703364. second lieutenant, under the provisions of tion, our Nation, a Christian nation. We Amanda E. Schuchmann, ANC, N784265. section 506 of the Officer Personnel Act of thank Thee, Our Father, that Thou hast Estelle Smith, ANC, N726997. 1947 (Public Law 381, Eightieth Congress), loved us all these many years. We thank Florence R. Smithers, ANC, N725985. subject to designation as distinguished mlli­ Thee that in spite of the chaos that exists Margaret C. Stafford, ANC, N771471. tary graduates, and subject to physical quali­ around the world today, yet we know Donald J. Styer, DC, 01766327. fication: Ruth M. Swanson, ANC, N732568. that we can depend on Thee and that Ethel M. Sylvester, ANC, N775626. Joseph R. Carvajal, 02206582. Thou wilt lead us through these days. Helen C. Tannehill, ANC, N733138. Harry Feinstein. We know these men are depending on Anna L. Taylor, ANC, N753241. Barney L. Garrett III. Tl)ee. SO we pray that Thou wilt lead Inez A. Taylor, ANC, N785532. Harlan E. Kamm, 02209401. and guide and direct them in all of their Agatha B. Teasley, ANC, N780403. Albert F. Kee. Raymond F. Korber. deliberations. We thank Thee, our Nellie R. Tubelis, ANC, ~743363. Father, for Thou hast promised in Thy Alice E. Vanwart, ANC, N723121. Elvin F. Kromer, Jr. Stefano Vivona, MC, 01766178. Paul G. Martin. word that we who humble ourselves and Catherine U. Voetsch, ANC, N725067. Will H. Perry, Jr., 0968717. confess our sins are acceptable unto Thee. Eleanor F. Waite, ANC, N722712. Robert D. Porter, 02205475. So we know that these men are depend­ Margaret D. Wallner, ANC, N774788. George C. Rybak, 02202567. ing on Thee to do Thy bidding during Rebecca Webber, ANC, N721107. Kenneth A. Sawyer, 02201353. these days. We know their dependence Zada V. Whiteman, ANC, N768385, James C. Sindt, 02206989. is upon Thee. We pray for Thy bless­ Jane A. Wilkinson, ANC, N757811. The following-namee distinguished m111- ings, our Father, for the President of Sudie A. Wilkinson, ANC, N726536. tary students for appointment in the Regu­ Anna R. Worthington, ANC, N770083: lar Army of the United States, effective June our land, and we realize his great re­ Martha J. Yancey, ANC, N775821. 15, 1951, in the grade of second lieutenant, sponsibility. So we pray that Thou wilt lead and guide and direct him in all of To be first lieutenants under the provisions c • section 506 of the Officer Personnel Act of 1947 (Public Law 381, his thinking in the affairs of this Nation. Cecil R. Albright, DC, 01100411. 80th Cong.), subject to designation as dis­ We thank Thee for this body of men here, Marshall E. Bailey, JAGC, 0985336. tinguished military graduates, and subject for the Speaker of the House, and for Joseph .J. Barone, DC, 0981508. to physical qualification: Jeanne R. Bowdish, WMSC, R2226. every Representative. We thank Thee Mildred•E. Breimyer, WMSC, R2058. Raymond E. Arnold, Miles T. Jones for our own Representative from Bing­ Jeanette V. Caldwell, ANC, N762366. 02211138 Billy D. Lee hamton, EDWIN ARTHUR HALL. How we Richard E. Dierking, DC, 0 980749. Edward B. Baffico, Jr. Daniel D. Lee thank Thee for him and his clean-cut Mary C. Driscoll, WMSC, M2784. Harold L. Baker, Harry E. Lewis, Jr. stand for the things that are right. We Mary E. Frazee, WMSC, M2450. 02204991 Robert W. McDaniel thank Thee for him and for all he is doing Guy A. Hamlin, ,-AGC, 02019459. Emmett W. Bowers Lawrence G. Means Robert E. Holzgrafe, MC, 0976552. Robert A. Burns Ray R. Miller for our district. We thank Thee for the John F. Johnson, DC, 0375615. Donald B. Carmichael William H. Olson, Jr. Congress and the Senate,. and we pray John C. Lanham, JAGC, 0985507. John F. Conlee Robert M. Penor that Thou wilt lead and guide and give Donald V. Leddy, MC, 0959039. Bernard W. Dibbert, James E. Ramsey, wisd01.a to those men as they make our John A. Lighthall, JAGC, 0388762. 02211094 0975327 laws and formulate the policies of our Robert R. Mallory, JAGO, 01329142. George M. Donovan, Wright S. Skinner, Jr. Nation. Guide and direct and bless them, Edmund J. Morgan, Jr., MC. 02208682 Ivan L. Slavich, Jr. and give them the real wisdom from on John L. Naler, JAGC, 0985278. Howard D. Edwards, 02210248 Marie L. Pearce, ANC, N793634. Jr. Harry F. Stewart, Jr., high. Thou hast promised us to give us Edwin R. Priest, MC, 0980931. George V. Ellis 02202578 wisdom when we ask it of Thee. We Elizabeth F. Purcell, ANC, N794209. Byron J. Epstein John J. Stipetic know that they are depending on Thee. Gracie V. Roberts, ANC, N765717. Emory M. Folmar Donald C. Thorn · These things we ask all in the name of Catherine M. Ruane, WMSC, R2027. John 0. Girardeau Joseph D. Walding our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. Leon C. Rudy, DC, 0983322. Frederick J. Gormley John C. Webber Amen. Arthur R. Slade, Jr., JAGO, 0456136. Raymond D. Hall Paul A. Whetstone William S. Spicer, Jr., MC. Wallace Hooper, Jr. Thomas B. Wynegar The Journal of the proceedings of yes­ Ralph H. Sunderman, DC, 0980064. Clifford G. Houchin Richard E. Zumsteg terday was read and approved. Graham H. Howison William A. Watt, JAGC, 01324688. ADJOURNMENT OF THE HOUSE FROM Anita Weber, ANC, N754491. Virgil Woods, DC, 0980925. MARCH 22 TO APRIL 2, 1951 Charles K. Wright, Jr., JAGC, 0460026. Mr. PRIEST. Mr. Speaker, I offer a To be second lieutenant HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES privileged resolution California. If we want to know wl:at government ica. He did not admit that he was Lord Mr. HINSHAW. We held some hear­ is costing through secret taxes, income Macauley's demagog, decreasing the ings in my committee on the subject of taxes, excise taxes, and others, the only value of the dollar for political purposes. the export of strategic materials and the way an honest man can determine that Yes; the wedding is taking place. It control thereof. It seems to me, if I re­ question is to divide the heads of fami­ is real. It is necessary. I joined the member correctly, that it was up to the lies in the respective communities into opposition party and am going to stay Customs Department to cooperate with the amounts spent by the various agen­ in it for the very sound and good reason. the Commerce Department in preventing cies of the Government. I live in a med­ that you no longer have an executive the export of strategic materials; is that ium-sized city. As the average head head exercising the power of the ma­ correct? of a family in my city I now pay over jority party. Our Executive is the titu­ Mr. GARY. That is unquestionably $300 a year for city government, and lar head of pressure-group government. true. That is one of the major func­ every year they ask for more. Every He has stolen the machinery of the tions they are perfarming now, pre­ year, because of matching programs and majority party from its national level to venting strategic materials from being "gimme" programs, they get more. As the local precincts. He basks in the shipped into the iron-curtain countries. an average head of a family in my home sunlight of its fine old traditions and Mr. HINSHAW. That is my under­ county, I pay about $450 a year taxes. sound principles. But the demagog standing of it; and if that is the case, Every year they want more because of in power operates with a dogma, which and considering all the ways there are matching programs and "gimme" pro­ says that the American people are no of smuggling goods out of the United grams, and every year they get more. longer fit to be free; a dogma which says States-- As the average head of a family in the it is all right to covet your neighbor's Mr. GARY. And smuggling goods into great State of California, I am expected goods so long as you do it by pressure the United States without the payment to pay about $1,000 a year. Every year groups, power-seeking labor leaders and of duty, if the gentleman will permit me they want more because of matching political machinery; a dogma that says to interrupt. · programs and "gimme" programs and it is all right to steal provided you use Mr. HINSHAW. The gentleman has every year they tax more. As much as only economic force and operate through mentioned that subject. I was bring­ 85 percent of some of our State budgets bureaus or demagogs and chicanery. ing up a different subject. If that is are now expended for relief and schools The CHAIRMAN. The question is Jn one of the things necessary to the wel­ alone. I have been in school rooms, gen­ the amendment o:ffered by the gentleman fare of our country, it is quite possible tlemen, that cost 15 times as much as from Texas [Mr. GOSSETT]. that we might need some additional the homes in which the children live, who The question was taken; and the Chair customs employees. spend a few hours in the class room. As being in doubt, the Committee divided, Mr. GARY. I think the committee an average head of a family last year, and there were-ayes 82, noes 51. has cut this appropriation as far as the the National Government collected from Mr. GARY. Mr. Chairman, I demand facts justify. me the amount of $1,285, as it did from tellers. · The CHAIRMAN. The time of the every otlier family in America. After Tellers were ordered; anJ the Chair­ gentleman from Virginia has expired. that gentlemen. tills National Govern­ man appointed as tellers Mr. GARY and Mr. WERDEL. Mr. Chairman, I move ment spent $1,000 per family more than Mr. GOSSETT. to strike out the last word. it was able to collect in taxes after our The Committee again divided; and Mr. Chairman, the proposed budget policemen went to Korea last year. the tellers reported that there were­ not only can be, but, of necessity, it must Mr. Chairman, we now propose to ayes 118, noes 70. be cut. I cannot help but take the floor spend about $125,000,000,000 for local, So the amendment was agreed to. for a minute or two because of the re­ State, and National Government in the The Clerk read as follows: mark made about the use of a blunder­ coming year. That, sir, is over one-half BUREAU OF INTERNAL REVENUE buss, which I take to mean that when we of the total national income. It is little fire we do not know where we hit. Now, wonder that there is a wedding across SALARIES AND EXPENSES It For necessary expenses in assessment and the fact is that if we had a line-item the aisle of this House. is to be hoped collection of internal-revenue taxes; admin­ budget of this great United States so that the honeymoon will be long and ex­ istration of the internal-revenue laws; dis­ that we could determine who should be tended. If men are to remain free, they charge of functions imposed upon the Com­ hired and retained and fired, it would must live according to laws and not exec­ missioner of Internal Revenue by or pursu­ probably reach from here to Philadel­ utive decrees. My party, the organized ant to other laws; investigations concerning phia, and might even extend to the moon. opposition party, must oppose legislation the enrollment or disbarment pf practition­ There is not one mind here capable, with and appropriations which are improper ers before the Treasury Department in in­ the time at hand, to read it in all its or which cannot be understood. This is ternal-revenue matters; and acquisition, op­ not a privilege, but a duty in the interest eration, maintenance, and repair of property detail. under title III of the Liquor Law Repeal and We must rely on individuals whose of the economy of the country and the Enforcement Act (40 U.S. C. 304f-m), includ­ ability and knowledge we respect and welfare of the Nation. If the organized ing expe;nses, when specifically authorized by who are personally studying a small part opposition under present-day circum­ the Commissioner, of attendance at meetings of that budget. stances cannot receive assistance from of organizations concerned with internal­ Mr. Chairman, I am happy to go across across the aiEle so that new equitable revenue matters; purchase (not to exceed the aisle and join hands with the gentle­ rights in an industrial and peacetime 300 for replacement only) and hire of pas­ man from Texas. I am all for the wed­ economy ca.n be defined, then Mr. Chair­ senger motor vehicles; examination of esti­ man, we are lost through demagoguery. mates of appropriations in the field services ding previously mentioned and all for the as authorized by section 15 of the act of honeymoon at the taxpayers' benefit. In Mr. Chairman, free government is lost August 2, 1946 (5 U. S. C. 55a), and of ex­ fact, I first registered as an elector in when Representatives in this House, pert witnesses at such rates as may be de­ what is the op1'osition party of this knowing the circumstances and the termined by the Commissioner of Internal House because I felt that a political tech­ necessity for opposition, regardless of Revenue; expenses of seizure, custody, and nique when it was new born in 1932 had party alinement, refuse to oppose. The disposal of· property; purchase of chemical to be opposed. The evidence I have at very man who purportedly speaks for analyses and expenses of testimony thereon; the majority party as its national leader ammunition; securing of information and hand that my decision was correct is evidence; and not to exceed $500,000 for de­ overpowering today. For that reason, I told us a year ago that he was going tecting and bringing to trial persons guilty want to call to your mind and say to you to increase the national income to $300, of violating the internal-revenue laws or that perhaps the budget cut now under 000,000,000 and the annual average sal- conniving at the same, as authorized by law XCVII-176 2800 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 21 (26 U. S. C. 3792); $252,000,000: Provided, would amount together to only a 2 % Bureau of Internal Revenue were before That the amount for personal services in the percent over-all reduction in the request our committee, especially when they District of Columbia shall not exceed by the Bureau. It would still leave the were discussing this pose:bility of addi­ $17,700,000. Bureau with s·ome $7,500,000 more than tional moonshiners, that it was pointed Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. Mr. Chair­ it had for the current fiscal year, as com­ out to us they today hJ.d e0me 500 fewer man, I offer an amendment. pared with the increase apparently re­ enforcement officers than they had 10 The Clerk read as follows: quested of $9,000,000. It seems to me years ago? Amendment offered by Mr. WIGGLESWORTH: that the various plans which the Secre­ Mr. KEAN. I recall that. On page 5, line 20, after the semicolon, strike tary has in mind for simplification and Mr. FORAND. And also I am sure the out $252,000,000" and insert "$249,000,000." for modernization should make it pos­ gentleman recalls that when we put those additional enforcement officers in Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. Mr. Chair­ sible to easily absorb this reduction and man, listening to some of my good friends obtain the same or more work with the the Bureau of Internal Revenue the on my right this morning, I would think personnel provided. record shows that we collected $20 for that some of the amendments discussed I hope, Mr. Chairman, that the com­ every $1 invested.· ·were amendments designed to wipe out mittee will see fit to approve this reduc­ Mr. KEAN. Exactly; that is what the the various agencies concerned. As a tion in the amount recommended for the record shows. · matter of fact, no amendment adopted Bureau. Mr. FORAND. Under those circum­ today has amounted to more than a tri­ Mr. KEA~~. Mr. Chairman, I rise in stances does not the gentleman agree :fiing reduction in terms of percentage. opposition to the amendment. with me that it would be very foolish for There are several over-all considera­ Mr. Chairman, I happen to be on the us to cut this figure instead of riving the tions of vital importance at this time. subcommittee to investigate the work­ Bureau of Internal Revenue the increase The Congress is confronted by an over­ ings of the Inte ·nal Revenue Bureau. they need? all budget request from the President of They have 2,500 racketeering cases un­ Mr. KEAN. That is why I am here the United States amounting to some der investigation. In 500 of these cases today. $98 billion in authorized expendi­ $58,000,000 of revenue is involved. The Mr. FORAND. I congratulate the gen: ture and to some $71 billion in actual investigation of racketeers which has tleman. expenditure, the largest budget ever pre­ b ... en brought o'!.lt by the Kefauver com­ Mr. DOUGHTON. Mr. Chairman, I sented to the Congress except in time of n~ittee · extremely important, very time rise in opposition to the amendment. war. consuming, and needs more agents. Mr. Chairman, it is the responsibility If that program is not substantially This amendment for a cut of $3,000,000 of the Committee on Ways and Means, reduced it may contribute to a drastic would result in the cutting off of 850 under the Rules of the House, to main­ nationwide inflation and play directly _agents. tain scrutiny over administration of the into the hands of the Communist govern­ We have had before us in the full internal revenue laws. During the past ment in Russia. Way.• and Means Committee the Alcohol fiscal year, the Bureau of Internal Rev­ The first appropriation bill which is Tax Unit. We are talking, as you know, enue had available approximately 20 ,000 now under consideration recommends a about raising the tax on hard liquor­ revenue agents, deputy collectors, and reduction in Presidential recommenda­ at least the President recommended it­ auditors engaged in the examination of tions only to the extent of a little over 1 from $9 to. $12. This will e·:courage tax returns. Even so, they were able to percent, and provides for actual ·in­ bootlegging. I personally think it is too examine only about 4,500,000 returns out creases as compared with funds avail­ great a rise, but the Alcohol Tax Unit of the 90,000,000 returns covering all able in the current fiscal year amounting said that they needed a hundred more . kinds of taxes filed with the Bureau. to some $88 million. • agents in order to carry out ~he extra In recent weeks there has been con­ As to this particular item, if I read work that might be thrown on them on s!derable criticism in the press relating page 210 of the hearings correctly, there account of this increase in the tax. to charges made in Congress and else­ was requested an increase as compared I have voted for economy right down where that the Bureau of Internal Rev­ to the present fiscal year from $246,800,- the line, and I have gone along with you enue is not devoting sufficient time and 000 to $255,500,000 or some $9,000,000. on every one of these amendments to­ effort to checking income tax returns. Yet, when I turn to the report of the day and yesterday, but these people are Surely, any cut in the appropriation for committee, at page 9, I find that after a the people who are going to raise the the Bureau of Internal Revenue would reduction of $3,500,000 recommended by revenue to run the expanded needs of make certain that the Bureau of Internal the committee, this Bureau will have Government. I think, however, that if Revenue would be able to examine fewer $10,454,000 more than it had in the cur­ we cut this unit by m1tting out these 850 returns and devote less time to collecting rent fiscal year. agents it is false economy because we are the taxes that are rightfully due to the In other words the committee recom­ not going to get the revenue we need. Government. mendation allows the Bureau $1,500,000 We in the Ways and Means Committee Commissioner of Internal Revenue more than the $9,000,0CO increase which are sweating every day trying to find Schoeneman has estimated that an addi­ it requested, and this amount can clearly sources of revenue which will not injure tional $1,000,000,000 to $1 ,500,000,000 be deducted. the economy too much. If we do not could be collected if the Bureau of In­ Now I know my good friend, the gen­ raise it, and the only way we can collect ternal Revenue had sufficient enforce­ tleman from Vi.rginia [Mr. GARY] for what is due is through having sufficient ment personnel. whom I have both high regard and af­ agents, certainly we are just going to We now have appointed a subcommit­ fection, will tell you that the more per­ have to raise more taxes on everybody. tee of the Committee on Ways and Means sonnel employed in this Bureau the more Mr. CANFIELD. Mr. Chairman, will to maintain constant review of the ad­ money you are going to collect. But, the gentleman yield? ministration of the tax laws. Doubtless, Mr. Chairman, there must be some limi­ Mr. KEAN. I yield. efficiencies and economies can be made. tation. Mr. CANFIELD. The gentleman, of However, strong as I ;im for economy in In the fiscal year 1949 this Bureau got course, knows that the committee itself government, and I believe everyone along with a personnel of 50,600. We has approved a cut of $3,500,000. That knows my reputation in this respect, I gave them an increase. of almost 4,000 is roughly the equivalent of 900 man­ believe it would be indeed penny-wise for the fiscal year 1950, raising the per­ years, and the Bureau translates that and pound-foolish for us to attempt to sonnel to 54,411. Then for the current into 1,100 positions; so this new cut reduce the appropriation for the Bureau· fiscal year we increased the number to means that some 2,000-plus men will be of Internal Revenue. • almost 57,000, a figure which in my judg­ dropped from enforcement. At the present time each agent col­ ment was unjustified when granted. Mr. KEAN. I think that is false econ­ lects on the average additional tax of The appropriation for the Bureau has omy. I hope this amendment is de­ $87,000 per year which otherwise would increased from $230,400,000 in 1949 to feated. be lost to the Government, and the salary $246,800,000 in 1950 and $252,000,000 if Mr. FORAND. Mr. Chairman, will the of each agent is only about $4,500. We the committee recommendation be ap­ gent1eman yield? can estimate, therefore, that for every proved for the fiscal year 1952. Mr. KEAN. I yield. one of the agents which it would be nec­ The cut which the committee proposes Mr. FORAND. Does not the gentle­ essary for the Bureau of Internal Rev­ plus the additional cut that I recommend man recall that when witnesses from the enue to remove from its rolls as a result 1951 CONGRESSIONAL -RECORD-HOUSE 2801 of this proposed reduction, the Govern­ that we need additional revenue, but, of of the act of August 2, 1946 (5 U. s. C. 55a): ment would lose approximately $80,000. course, we always get that additional purchase of chemical analyses and testimony thereon; expenses of seizure, custody, and I sincerely trust that this amendment phrase, "but do not tax us." However disposal of property; hire of passenger motor and any other amendment to reduce th~ we have a very onerous responsibility: vehicles; arms and ammunition; not to ex­ appropriation for the Bureau of Internal and we have come to the conclusion in­ ceed $10,000 for the collection and dissemina­ Revenue below the $252,000,000 con­ formally in the committee that addi­ tion of information and appeal for law ob­ tained in the bill will be defeated. tional agents are needed in' the Bureau. servance and law enforcement, including Mr. COX. Mr. Chairman will the Additional positions are needed for the cost of printing; securing of information and gentleman yield? ' returns to be audited. The record shows, evidence; and not to exceed $10,000 for serv­ Mr. DOUGHTON. I yield to the as the gentleman from California will ices or information looking toward the ap­ prehension of narcotic law violators who are gentleman from Georgia. agree with me, I am sure, that only a fugitives from justice; $2,025,000. Mr. COX. Mr. Chairman, I ask the very small percentage of the returns are gentleman to yield so that I might in­ audited each year. Mr. FALLON. Mr. Chairman, I off er quire of the gentleman from Massachu­ Mr. KING. That is correct. an amendment. setts, author of the pending amendment, Mr. FORAND. But progress has been The Clerk read as follows: in view of the position taken by the made during the last year or so by the Amendment offt~red by Mr. FALLON: Page 7, gentleman from North Carolina and introduction of electric machines, and so line 2, strike out "$2,025,000" and insert from what he has said, if he will not forth, so that approximately 1 out of "$2,100,000." give consideration to asking unanimous 10 returns in the lower brackets is being ~r. FALLON. Mr. Chairman, ordi­ consent to withdraw his amendment? I audited. I believe that is correct. narily I would feel embarrassed in offer­ hope he will. I can do nothing more Mr. KING. That is correct. ing an amendment to increase an ap­ Mr. FORAND. As you go up the scale than suggest what I think is a wise thing propri~tion bill -after what has trans­ to do. in the various other categories a few pired in the House in the past several Mr. KING. Mr. Chairman, I rise in more, a little higher percentage 'are be­ days. But I am not embarrassed in ask­ opposition to the pending amendment. ing audited, and I believe we ~ere told ing for this additional $75,000 in the Mr. Chairman, first I want to compli­ that all returns in excess of $25 000 are enforcement and investigation of the . ment the distinguished gentleman from being audited each year now. ' drug traffic. Just yesterday, in the New Jersey [Mr. KEAN] for taking the Mr. KING. That is correct. Baltimore Sun paper an article appeared floor as he did and attempting under Mr. FORAND. Does the gentleman by Mr. Anslinger in which he said that very short notice to make clear the recall exactly what the statement was the narcotic traffic and the illegal use problems confronting this department concerning the possibility that within of it had reached an epidemic stage. He that we members of the Committee on a very short time every person's return went on to say that 2 years ago in the Ways and Means have forcibly brought will be audited at least once every 2 hospital in Lexington, Ky., there were to our attention almost daily. The or 3 years? three boys under 21 years of age being gentleman from New Jersey [Mr. KEAN] Mr. KING. I ' think that is correct treated for the use of narcotics. Today is a member of a subcommittee that has I am not certain as to the term, whethe~ it was 2 or 3 years. there are over 200 patients under 21 been created by the Committee on Ways years of age. and Means to go thoroughly into the Mr. Fst Office Mr. GROES. Mr. Chairman, will the forcibly brought out upon the floor of Department said they would have to pay gentleman yield? · this Hous~ and to such a degree that it for transportation during fiscal 1952. Mr. PASSMAN. I yield. will not be necessary for me to do other Mr. H. CARL ANDER8EN. The gen­ Mr. GROSS. You are providing than bring out the facts relative to this tleman from Louisiana will admit that what, $600,000 for extending how many very important item of transportation they based that testimony on the 3.77 rural routes? of mail which embodies almost one-half percent increase, will he not? Mr. PASSMAN. It all depends on the billion dollars. Mr. PASSMAN. Heretofore they es­ amount of money as to how many addi­ On at least two occasions during the timated their cost and they had to come tional routes can be added. hearings the Post Office Department back for a supplemental appropriation. There is an increase for the present representatives based their request for Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. Yes, they fiscal year of $1,295,000,000. an increase of nearly $29,500,000 solely made a bad guess. They underesti­ Mr. GROSS. But I am interested in on the anticipated increase in the volume mated it. So here they are trying '.io the extension of rural routes; what are of mail in 1952 over fiscal year 1951. make it up, not only through this 3.77 you allowing for new rural routes? They estimated this increase to be 3. 77 percent, but they want an additional 2.8 Mr. PASSMAN. It is broken down in percent over 1951. On page 17 of the percent increase to take care of an error the bill as city delivery and postal op­ report the subcommittee stated: on their part. erations; it is all under one heading this The Department estimated that during Mr. PASSMAN. They pay out these time. . 1952 the mail volume will increase 3.77 per­ sums according to rates fixed by the Mr. GROSS. Is that considered cent over 1951. ICC and the CAB, and they will not enough to take care of route extensions Mr. Chairman, suppose that we do pay out the money unless they are forced that have been approved? subscribe and agree to the need of the to do so to transport the mails. Mr. PASSMAN. The Post Office De­ Department for an additional 3.77 per­ Mr. GARY. Mr. Chairman, I rise in partment says "No"; the committee says cent in this item for which they have opposition to the amendment. "Yes." The committee told them they asked $467,000,000, suppose we do agree Mr. Chairman, our committee reduced would have to operate within the amount with the premise they have placed before the operating expenses of the Post Office we r.ecommended and the amount passed the subcommittee that the mail will in­ Department last year $21,000,000. As a by the Congress. We cut them $21,- crease by 3. 77 percent. All right, let us result of that reduction it was necessary 000,000. give them that amount of money. Let us for the Post Office Department to curtail Mr. GROSS. But the committee give them the $16,200,000 that involves, se-rvices. You will recall that they re­ thinks that that leaves a proper amount but let us not give them an additional duced the service to one delivery a day for the extension of rural routes to cover $11 ,000,000 for which there seems to be in residential sections, and a hue and the obligations incurred by the Post no justification. cry went up from Members of this Office Department? Why should we give them an increase House. A bill was introduced to require Mr. PASSMAN. I cannot speak for of 6.6 percent when they tell the sub­ the Post Office to restore that service. other members of the committee but committee on appropriations that they I stood up here and took my medicine. when we marked up the bill it was are basing their request entirely upon I had sponsored the· cut anci I opposed 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2809 the bill to restore the services on the Mr. GARY. But with the amount find that we did not give the Post Office floor of the House, but the House passed that has already been taken from the Department a clean bill of health on it by a very large majority. I hope that bill by the amendment just adopted, this score. I think it is an exceptionally the Members of this House who are gut­ there will have to be, I fear, a further efficient department, but there are many ting the Post Office service at the pres­ curtailment of service. ways in which it can be improved. ent time, when the cry goes up through­ Mr. NICHOLSON. Mr. Chairman, will Our committee has traveled practically out the land, will have the courage to the gentleman yield? all over the United States investigating stand here and say, "I did it; I will take Mr. GARY. I yield to the gentleman first-hand conditions in the various post the responsibility." -That is all I am from Massachusetts. offices of the United States. We have asking. Mr. NICHOLSON. Will the gentle­ suggested various changes to the Post So far as this figure of $465,000,000 for man tell me how many postal employees Office Department. I think progress is the transportation of mails is concerned, were left off the payroll for this year in being made in improvement of the serv­ it is a figure that neither the Post Office comparison with last year? ice. However, I do not believe the Post Department nor our committee can Mr. GARY. No regular employees Office Department can absorb further change one iota. The rates for trans­ ·were left off, but there was a substantial cuts without reducing the service, al­ porting the mail by train are fixed by saving in connection with substitute em­ though I think they could have absorbed the Interstate Commerce Commission, ployees. Some of the substitute em­ the amount our committee cut them. I and the rates for transporting the mail ployees were dropped. However, the am constrained to believe the action by air are fixed by the CAB. The Post main economy came in the reduced num­ which this body has already taken is Office has absolutely nothing to do with ber of hours that the substitute em­ going to mean a curtailment in the serv­ it. . plovees worked. ice. Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. Mr. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the Mrs. ST. GEORGE. I thank the gen­ Chairman, will the g ...mtleman yield? gentleman from Virginia has expired. tleman for telling me of these exhaus­ Mr. GARY. I yield to the gentleman Mr. GARY. Mr. Chairman, I ask tive investigations. I am very sure they from Minnesota. unanimous consent t<. proceed for five have been made. I, too, have visited Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. Has there additional minutes. some of the post offices of the country, been any change in rates established in The CHAIRMAN. Is there1 objection notably the post office in Chicago. At 1951 that would affect 1952? to the request of the gentleman from the time I saw that post office and went Mr. GARY. There will be a change in Virginia? all through it, I was rather impressed rates, and this figure of $465,000.000 is There was no objection. by the many things that could be done to not going to be near enough for 1952. Mrs. ST. GEORGE. Mr. Chairman, increase efficiency. May I ask the dis­ Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. There will will the gentleman yield? tinguished chairman of the subcommit­ be. Mr. GARY. I yield to the gentle­ tee if he investigated and visited the post Mr. GARY. There has been an in­ woman from New York. Mrs. ST. GEORGE. I should like to office in Boston? crease in rates. Mr. GARY. The committee has not Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. l believe speak to two things the gentleman has brought up. One is the curtailment in investigated the Boston post office. I so the gentleman is ~istaken. stated yesterday. Mr. GARY. Not for 1952, but there the service. I feel that the reason for that curtailment has been very grossly Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. Mr. Chair­ has been an increase agreed to and ap­ man, will the gentleman yield? proved by the Interstate Commerce exaggerated. After all, we all know and I- Commission for the years prior to De­ I think we are all agreed that we must Mr. GARY. yield to the gentleman cember 31, 1950. In a few days you will make economies in nonessentials, that from Minnesota. have on the floor of this House a sup­ is, in nondef ense spending on the pa.rt Mr. H. CARL ANDERREN. The gen­ plemental appropriat ~ on bill appropri­ of the Government. tleman mentioned a $165,000,000 figure. ating $152,000,000 to pay the addition The Appropriations Committee told Why does that not show in the report? for those prior years. The ICC is still the Post Office Department that they had I am basing my amendment strictly upon hearing that rate case for the years 1951 to save, that they had to economize. the figures which are available in the and 1952. There will unquestionably The Post Office Department then rushed report, which show that the transporta­ be an increase over the rate that has out and curtailed the service as the first tion of mail in 1951 cost $438,000,000. been paid and consequently this Con­ economy. I submit to the distinguished My amendment proposes to give an gress is going to be called upon to ap­ chairincm of the committee that it might additional $16,200,000 above that propriate addition::tl sums for the trans­ have effected economies in other ways. amount. I do not know anything about portation of mails for 1951 and 1952. I think that had the Pos'J Office Depart­ this $165,000,000 figure that the gentle­ There is absolutely no question about it. ment investigated some of the practices man has brought into the controversy, Mr. SHAFER. Mr. Chairman, will the in some of the offices they might have but I think he is certainly trying to get gentleman yield? curtailed expenses. I know from the the House off the issue in relation to my Mr. GARY. I yield to the gentleman Hoover Report it was clearly pointed out amendment. from Michigan. that the Post Office Department could Mr. GARY. I am trying to tell the Mr. SHAFER. I wonder if we have save many millions of dollars in various Members of the House that this com­ any assurance, if we give the Post Office departments. mittee has investigated these matters Department the money they are asking I merely wanted to ask the chairman rather fully. We know what is going to for this year, of any better service in of the subcommittee if he does not think happ.en. There is certainly no point in the future, and if they are going to do that. in all fairness the Post Office De­ cutting this appropriation any further anything toward restoring some of the partment should try to cooperate, should when we are going to have to increase it cuts in service that they have made. try to come halfway instead of always later. Mr. GARY. No, sir; they cannot, be­ coming before the various committees Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. You are cause there is no money provided in the and saying, "We are very efficient, we basing your argument on an assumption bill for restoring that service. do our work magnificently, and we can­ of a condition in the future. I am trying Mr. SHAFER. I wonder if the gen­ not cut off one penny." to stick to the facts in the report. tleman can tell me if it will give them I have heard much testimony from the Mr. GARY. These figures are based ample money so that they can put more Department, and to my way of thinking on the needs of the Post Office Depart­ men on the post office in Boston, for · a great many cuts could be made. I ment at the present time. They are instance, than actually work there, such think the Department could be made as has been our experience during the a great deal morn efficient. I personally going to have to be increased, but we are last few weeks. am embarrassed that the only way in not asking for that increase now, be­ Mr. GARY. We feel there is enough which they have been able to cut ex­ cause we do not know how much it will money ·in the bill to enable the Post penses JS by curtailing service to the be. We think the amount of $465,000 is Office Department to do an adequate job. American people. · necessary for the present needs without Mr. SHAFER. Of course, that was a Mr. GARY. If the gentlewoman will taking into consideration any increase $4,000,000 fraud up there. read the report of our committee she will in the future. /· 2810 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 21 Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I rise in the laws passed by the Congress. I am gress placing additional duties and bur­ opposition to the proforma amendment. tremendously disappointed that in all dens upon the Post Office Department, Mr. Chairman, I do this for the pur­ of the debate we have heard yesterday creating additional expense, you have got pose of calling attention to this situa­ and today concerning extravagance and to be willing to furnish the Department tion. Last year our committee made how inuch it costs to operate the Post the money with which to meet them. the cut which the chairman of the sub­ Office Department, I have not heard one Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. But I committee has referred to. The post Member of the House say anything about , think they can meet them with proper office organizations and all of .them were increasing the postal rates to offset the management within the amounts we running up and down the length and one-half billion dollar annual loss in­ have suggested. breadth of the land making statements curred in operatin7 the Post Office De­ Mr. PASSMAN. Not unless you amend to the effect that one of the reasons why partment. Let us be consistent about the presen:t laws, because you give the_ the Department cost so much was that this thing. If you want economy, then ICC and other agencies rate-making they were ordering more railroad cars let us discuss postal rate increases along power, the power to fix rates for carry­ than they needed to haul the mail in dif­ , with the other arguments. -Why do you ing the mails, which the Post Office De­ ferent spots. The Interstate Commerce not extend your remarks in the RECORD partment must pay. Commission fixes the rates which have and make your positions known as to Mrs. ST. GEORGE. Mr. Chairman, to be paid to the railroads. However it how you feel about postal rates and . will the gentleman yield? does not fix the number of cars. The whether you are in favor of increasing Mr. PASSMAN. I yield to the gentle­ Department does that, and if its man­ them or forcing the department to con­ woman from New York. agement is bad, the result is they order tinue to operate at a half-billion dollar Mrs .. ST. GEORGE. I think I may more cars and have to pay for more cars annual loss? . reassure the gentleman from Louisiana than they need. I am wondering when Mr. PASSMAN. I yield to the gentle­ that the Committee on the Post Office all these employee organizations and ·man from Indiana. and Civil Service now is studying a rate agents of the Department were out with Mr. HALLECK. I remind the gentle­ bill. I can assure the gentleman that it those stories if they did not have some­ man that in the Republican Eightieth will be a bill that will considerably in­ thing of the light of truth in it, and if Congress we passed a postal rate increase crease rates. It is a bill that will take there is not a saving at least of the bill. . . courage to pass, but I believe courage $10,000,000 that the gentleman from Mr. PASSMAN. Was it a real bill or still exists ·in this House. Minnesota has suggested. a piecemeal bill? We passed a piece­ -Mr. PASSMAN . . I thank the gentle­ Mr. GARY. Mr. Chairman, will the meal bill here last year but you gentle­ woman from New York. I hope the gen­ gentleman yield? · men have found that it will do but a tlewoman's committee will report out a Mr. TABER. I yield. small part of what is necessary to do in bill to wipe out these subsidies which Mr. GARY. May I say to the gentle­ meeting the costs of operating the Post are enjoyed by the great publishing com­ man that this return-car situation to Office Department. · panies that should be made to shoulder which he has referred has been com­ Mr. HALLECK. My recollection is-I their fair share of the cost of running pletely cleared up by the recent order do not know whether any member of the this free enterprise system. · entered by the Interstate Commerce Committee on the Post Office and Civil Mr. SADLAK. Mr. Chairman, will the Commission. That was one of the items Service is on the floor, but my recollec­ gentleman yield? which was taken care of in the ra.te-set­ tion is that the bill raised something over · Mr. PASSMAN. I yield. tlement case and it has bee!l approved a hundred million dollars. Mr. SADLAK. Does the gentleman by the Commission. Mr. PASSMAN. I think it was $160,- contend that any increase we might Mr. TABER. But the thing went fur­ 000,000. . make in the salary of postal employees ther than that. It went to the point Mr. HALLECK. One hundred and must be conditioned on a rate increase? where they were ordering more cars than sixty million dollars. That is quite a Mr. PASSMAN. Is the gentleman they needed, and it would seem that that considerable amount of money. speaking of an increase in salaries of practice ought to be eliminated. Mr. PASSMAN. Not when you take postal employees? The CHAIRMAN.. The time of the into account the fact that it i& costing Mr. SADLAK. I am. Must that de­ gentleman from New York has expired. $2,500,000,000 to operate the Post Office pend on an increase in postal revenues? Mr. PASSMAN. Mr. Chairman, I Department and you have a deficit of Does the gentleman from Louisiana con­ move to strike out the last word. $580,000,000 for the present fiscal year. tend that we must have an increase in Mr. Chairman, we are rushing through Mr. GROSS. Mr. Chairman, will the postal rates before there can be an in­ some cuts here in the appropriation for gentleman yield? crease in salaries? the Post Office Department. I wonder Mr. PASSMAN. I yield. Mr. PASSMAN. I am speaking of the if the Members take into account that Mr. GROSS. Does the gentleman be­ present, not the future. At the present since 1945 the Congress has authorized lieve that you can ever put the Post time you have a tremendous deficit. If pay increases for postal employees in the Office Department on a completely pay­ you increase postal rates to offset the ing basis? · ·amount of $800,000,000. If you consider deficit then if you wan~ to increase the other increases authorized by the Con­ Mr. PASSMAN. If you put yow.r busi­ salary of postal employees, come back gress, the cost of operating the Post ness back ho.me on a completely paying and increase the rates again. Office Department since 1940 has in­ basis you can likewise put the Post Office Mr. BURDICK. Mr. Chairman, I rise creased by $1,444,000,000. You must Department on a completely paying in opposition to the amendment. take into account that the Post · Office basis. Yes; but it will take a lot of cour­ Mr. Chairman, I always feel good wb.en Department is going to have to operate age to do it. We will have to make a lot I am supporting what a majority of my according to the laws passed by the Con­ of people pay rate increases they justly brother Republicans are for, but on this gress. If you do not give them sufficient should pay. measure I cannot go along with them. money, certainly they are going to have Mr. GROSS. This gentleman does not I am a member of the Post Office Com­ to ask for a supplemental appropriation believe that at all. mittee myself and while I can agree next year. It was brought out that the Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. Mr. Chair­ about postal rate increases I cannot for- Congress last year passed a resolution man, will the gentleman yield? . get that transportation rates are not authorizing the Postmaster General to Mr. PASSMAl'I'. I yield. fixed by the Post Office Committee or by reinstate the curtailed services and by Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. Getting . the Congress, or by the Postmaster Gen­ the same token there will be another down to my amendment which is pend­ eral; they are fixed by the Interstate amendment offered this afternoon to im­ ing, the gentleman will admit that my Commerce Commission. Those rates pose other expenses on the Post Office amendment gives to the Department must be paid if you are going to send the Department. There will be others com­ $16,200,000 more than it had for the same mails. Now, that mail is going to be ing from the CAB and the ICC and so item in 1951. What is unfair about sent, and if you do not provide mor_ey forth. If we are going to continue to that? enough for it and you demand that the pass legislation forcing the Post Office Mr. PASSMAN. I am in complete ac­ Postmaster Gener" l send the mails, then Department to operate with these tre­ cord with the gentleman's views on he is going to have to curtail some other mendous expenses, certainly more money economy; I have worked for it, but if you expense of administration in order to will have to be appropriated to carry out insist on passing legislation in this Con- meet that need. We did that last year 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2811 and I am not altogether free from criti­ this $160,000,000 involved in franked an ·committee organized in 1938. The cism because I voted for a 10 percent re­ penalty mail and we are losing $200,000,- chairman of the Un-American Activities duction, but I did not for a moment think 000 on-- Committee, Martin Dies, recently made that we are going to take that 10 percent Mr. PAESMAN. Evidently the gen­ a speech which was put in the CoNGREs­ by reducing the mail service. That is tleman is mixed up in his figures. The sioNAL RECORD by the distinguished gen­ what happened. Then we came into this cost of penalty mail is only $37,000,000, tleman from Illinois [Mr. VELDE] on Sep­ Congress and passed an act in this House and the cost of frankei mail was $1,000,- tember 22, 1950. Listen to what Mr. directing the Postmaster General to re­ . 000 in 1aso. The gentleman is abso­ ! ·artin Dies says of his experience when store it. lutely correct about the penny post card. he came to rely upon the Department of Mr. ·GROSS. Mr. Chairman, will the It should be 2 cents. Justice to furnish investigators: gentleman yield there? Mr. BURDICK. I am not only cor­ Well, I had started lt- Mr. BURDICK. I will yield almost rect in reference to the penny postal any place if the gentleman wants to pick card, I am correct on the $160,000,000. Meaning the Un-American Activities it out. I see the gentleman has raised it $45,- Committee- Mr. GROSS. Let me say to the gen­ 000,000 above what he started in with. and I could not back up. I telephoned the tleman that the Postmaster General put· Mr. PASSMAN. I thought tlie gen­ Attorney General of the United States and said, "Mr. Attorney General, I want to se­ his curtailment order into effect before tleman had reference to franking privi­ cure the services of some competent and the gentleman ever voted for the 10 per­ leges. reliable investigators to assist me in my cent reduction. Mr. BURDICK. Now, it is a question work." Mr. BURDICK. No; he put it into of who is off. I do not pretent I can­ effect before we voted in this Houi~e to not be off, but I am very seldom in that That is precisely what the Appropri­ make him put it ba.ck, but the gentleman position. ·ations Committee majority have been . is wrong about the rest of it. That question of the $200,000,000 we .doing for the last· 3 years with various Mr. GROSS. No; I am not. are losing on parcel post is now before Government agencies. Mr.-BURDICK. Do you want to cur­ the Interstate Commerce Commission. . Mr. Dies continues:- tail the mail service of the country? Is The farmers do not object to paying a He sent me two men. I received an that what you want to do? If no vote higher rate on that kind of mail. All anonymous telephone call, however, shortly for this amendment. I like to cut down they are interested in is getting it. I before their arrival telling me ·boi;h men expenses; I do that myself in my own do not know of a farmer in my section were members of the Communist Party. I I of the country who is not willing to pay never knew who gave me the tip, but I acted business; do not squander any money, on it. When they arrived I began to ques­ and I do not want to squander any Gov­ more. They do not want the Govern­ tion them. I put them through the third ernment money. But I am not willing ment to lose $200,000,000 on that trans­ degree. And :finally they broke down and to have those who buy postage stamps action. admitted they were members of the Com­ have to pay more to send their letters I should have made my statement of munist Party who then worked for the De­ in order to coyer up this difference be­ $160,000,000 loss more specific in answer­ partment of Justice and the Attorney Gen­ tween transportation rates on the rail­ ing the gentleman from Louisiana [Mr. eral wanted to plant them on the com­ roads 1:\Ild other lines in this country; PASSMAN]. The $160,000,000 loss I was mittee which I headed. I am not willing to do that. talking about included frank mail, pen­ I call the attention of the Members to Mr. NICHOLSON. Mr. Chairman, will alty mail, and subsidies, all of which are that incident not because I am afraid the gentleman yield? not proper post office expenses and which we ·..rm get Communists particularly out Mr. BURDICK. I just want to make the users of stamps should not have to of the agencies that provide us men to a very mild-statement in my weak way pay in increased postal rates. The ex­ investigate other agencies, but merely and then I will yield to the gentleman. penses should be covered by direct ap­ to illustrate the obvious risk that we You are talking about a $500,000,000 def­ propriations. With this explanation I take in obtaining personnel from Gov­ icit; I can tell you where it is if you want am sure the gentleman from Louisiana ernment agencies to do work that the to know. We contribute $160,000,000 of . will find himself in full accord and that Congress itself should do through its that ·deficit; our frank and penalty mail if I had fully stated the proposition in own appointed agents exclusively re- costs $160,000,000 every year. the first place, no difierence of opinion ·sponsible to itself. Mr. PASSMAN. I think the gentle­ would ha.ve arisen. Mr. CANNON. Mr. Chairman, I move man will find frankeJ mail cost $1,000,­ The CHAIRMAN. The time of the to strike out the last word. .ooo annually, and penalty mail $37,000,- gentleman from North Dakota has ex­ Mr. Chairman, it is rather dishearten­ 000 a year, not $160,000,000. · pired. ing to observe these partisan efforts to Mr. BURDICK. I said $160,000,000; Mr. COUDERT. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the last word. discredit a great man an1 a great s.erv­ the gentleman heard what I said. ice, one upon which W'' are depending Mr. PASSMAN. You said $160,000,- Mr. Chail·man, I hold in my band this at this time for intelligence and infor­ 000? repository of all human wisdom, the mation essential to national defense and Mr. BURDICK. Yes. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, 4 inches thick, one upon which we are depending for Mr. PASSMAN. Where does the gen­ covering the period from September 11, counterespionage against the horde of tleman get that information? to September 23, 1950. foreign and domestic spies swarming Mr. BURDICK. From the Postmas­ My attention has been called to an through every section of the country ter General of the United States. incident reported in it that casts some endeavoring to ~ecure information to Mr. PASSMAN. If the gentleman will light upon the discussion that some of underiv:,ine our institutions and destroy check the records I think he will find it us had a few moments ago with the dis­ our Government. is around $38,000,000. tinguished chairman of the Appropria­ Mr. BURDICK. Oh, I checked them. tions Committee, the gentleman from The FBI has never been accused, has Mr. PASSMAN. I do not see where Missouri [Mr. CANNONJ. I and others never before been charged with lack of the gentleman got his information for have made the point that in relying upon integrity or disloyalty; has never before the committee is under quite a different personnel furnished by Government been accused of pulling its punches and impression. Does the gentleman speak agencies and bureaus to investigate oth­ protecting incompetence or waste or about franked. mail or penalty mail? er agencies and bureaus the Congress is bureaucracy. We are depending upon it Mr. BURDICK. I said both of them. running a very grave risk for the obvi­ and we have depended upon it these Now is the gentleman satisfied.? ous reason there might be and probably critical years, not only for domestic se­ Mr. PASSMAN. No; I am not satis­ must be a conflict of interest between curity but for national defense; the life fied. I will yield a little later when I get those Government departments or and liberty of men in many parts of the the figures. agents and the Congress who represent country would not be secure without the Mr. BURDICK. See me outside then. the people who pay the taxes. FBI. The Nation itself would not be There is another $51,000,000 involved Back here a few years ago there was safe. It is no s~cret that upon the open­ when you are selling postal cards for a v.ery, very enlightening incident that ing of hostilities the FBI would, within 1 cent whereas they cost the Government really dramatizes this issue and illus­ 1 hour, apprehend 4,500- persons, spies, 1.25 cents apiece. You can take that trates the risk involved. You will re­ Communists, and saboteurs, who are at $51,000,000 out of there. Then take out member the Un-American Activities large in this country, witb whose identity 2812 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 21 we are familiar, and whom we are-watch­ ... Mr. Chairman, I wish to speak directly the cost of handling official mail for- all ing but leaving undisturbed in order to to the bill, and I should like to have the branches of the Government, the amounts paid to airlines in the form of subsidies, and trace associates and uncover ramifica­ attention of the gentleman from Loui­ certain other nonpostal costs. tions of the organizations of which they siana, a member of the committee. are a part, and whom it would be neces­ On pages 14, 15, and 16 of the commit­ Does the gentleman agree with that sary to pick up immediately in case of a tee report there is a discussion which language? declaration of war. deals with the question of the Post Of­ Mr. PASSMAN. I do not agree with You can go through the files and rec­ fice deficit. I wish to ask the gentle­ it, not the way the gentleman has put it. ords of the courts and of the military man from Louisiana if in the proposal he Mr. CRAWFORD. I can read English, and civilian activities and functions of submitted to the House a while ago he and I understand it. · the country and you will not find a single intends to put the Post omce Department Mr. PASSMAN. May I answer the instance in which an FBI operator was on, we will say, a profit basis as if it were gentleman as to whether or not I am found derelict in his duty or r.ecreant a business operation, or does the gentle­ correct? to any trust reposed in him. It is a man cling to the philosophy that the Mr. CRA WFORL. If the gentleman record of which we may all be proud, post-om.ce work rendered in favor of the does not agree with his own report, I regardless of party, instead of seeking to people is a postal service? I draw a dis­ have another proposal, so I will go ahead cast aspersions on them. tinction between something which ren­ with my discussion. These are the men upon whom these ders a service and something which runs Mr. PASSMAN. Let me go ahead. partisan attacks are being made here as a business proposition. If I under­ The gentleman has reference to the sub­ today. stood the gentleman correctly, he argued sidy of airlines? Now, let us take the man he quotes that it should be put on a nonloss basis, Mr. CRAWFORD. I decline to yield here in the excerpt read from the C.oN­ as if it were not a service of the Govern­ further. GRESSION AL RECORD . . It is a matter of ment. I have no criticism; I just want Mr. PASSMAN. The gentleman is not common knowledge that this man re­ to know the gentleman's position. For fair. · peatedly wrecked Government plants to instance, we refer to it constantly as the Mr. CRAWFORD. I am fair. apprehend .criminals and break subver­ postal service. Do I make myself clear? Mr. PASSMAN. That is a matter of sive rings by his overwhelming desire for Mr. PASSMAN. Yes; the gentleman o'pinion. publicity; that in order to get in the lime­ makes himself quite clear. Does the Mr. CRAWFORD. The language light and make the front pages of the gentleman think the newspapers, the speaks for itself. newspapers he repeatedly betrayed con­ book manufacturers, and the magazines On page 15 it is stated, "The proposed fidential information which the FBI had are in business to make money or just to major increases are as follows," and it given him in connection with the work of operate from a public-service stand­ goes ahead and deals with post cards, the Committee on Un-American Activi­ point? newspapers and magazines, third-class ties. That is the character of man Mr. CRAWFORD· If the gentleman mail, increase in the fees charged for quoted here against the most competent wants to answer my question I will yield. special services~ such as registry, insur­ espionage organization ever assembled, If not, I will go ahead with my discus­ ance, c. o. d. mail and special delivery, one upon which we must depend for sion. and increased rates for fourth'-class/ domestic security and national safety. Mr. PASSMAN. I am answering the mail. Mr. COUDERT. Mr. Chairman, will gentleman's question. Yes, I am in favor I simply want to go on record before the gentleman yield? of doing away with all subsidies and put­ this House and this committee as saying Mr. CANNON. I yield to the gentle­ ting them on a paying basis. that I am in favor of raising the postal man.from New York. Mr. CRAWFORD. Put the Post Omce. rates to where we who receiv·e the service Mr. COUDERT. Mr. Chairman, I can Department on a paying basis? will pay for the postal service which is understand that the gentleman should Mr. PASSMAN. Yes; increase the rendered to us. I do not believe that the naturally be glad to divert attention postal rates. people who pay postage rates should be from the issue that we are raising here Mr. CRAWFORD. I have no objec­ charged with the revenue necessary to by bringing in the FBI and the character tion to that whatsoever. I just wanted cover the handling of mail for all of the FBI and Mr. Hoover and the the gentleman's opinion as a member of branches of the Government, the air­ others. It is quite clear on the RECORD this committee. If we are to put it on a line subsidies, and certain other non­ that neither I not any of my colleagues nonloss basis we will have to raise at least postal policies referred to there, because at any time have brought into issue the $271,000,000 of new revenue, based on I think that should come out of the gen­ character or ability of the FBI or of its this report, and that would still leave a eral revenues of the Government. chief, Mr. Hoover? deficit of $250,000,000. The report states Mr. PA.SSMAN. Mr. Chairman, I rise Let me call attention to the fact that that $160,000,000 of this should be in opposition to the pro f orma amend­ the quotation from the Dies speech, chargeable to the general revenues be­ ment. which I just recited, referred solely to cause it represents the cost of handling Mr. BURDICK . . Mr. Chairman, will the Attorney General; and, furthermore, omcial mail for all branches of the Gov­ the gentleman yield? I think I can clear I only use it as an illustration of what ernment. Does the gentleman believe up the situation. could happen when we rely on employees that those who pay postal charges, Mr. PASSMAN. I am sure the gentle­ of some Government agencies to inves­ whether they be newspapers, individuals, man can, and perhaps save me the trou­ tigate other Government agencies. or what not, should raise this $160,- ble of speaking. 000,000? Mr. BURDICK. What I said would The CHAIRMAN. The time of the make a saving of $160,000,000 and I still gentleman from Missouri has expired. Mr. PASSMAN. I know it is the gen­ tleman's desire to keep the record stick to it. Here is what it is based on: Mr. CANNON. Mr. Chairman, I ask It is penalty mail and franked mail and unanimous consent to proceed for five straight. The gentleman has used the wrong :figures. The penalty mail for airmall subsidies. I left that part of it additional minutes. out, but altogether that makes $160,- The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection 1950 amounted to $37,710,883. 000,000, and that is what I am going to to the request of the gentleman from Mr. CRAWFORD. If the gentleman stand on. Missouri? will let me go ahead, I have said nothing Mr. PASSMAN. And if the gentleman Mr. SHAFER. I object, Mr. Chair­ about penalty mail. I am not interested wishes to add all the other subsidies, it man. in that. I am talking about what the comes up to $546,000,000. Mr. TABER. Is the majority of the gentleman's committee put in the report. Mr. Chairman, the gentleman from committee ever going to move to close I am trying to understand it. It reads: Michigan EMr. CRAWFORD] directed two debate? Legislation is again being recommended at or three questions to me and then he at­ this session of Congress to increase the postal Mr. PASSMAN. I do not think we rates to the paint where the postal revenues tempted to answer the questions which want to enter into a debate on that at would cover all but about $250,000,000 of the he asked. I want to ask the gentleman the moment. Post Office's expenditures, of which approxi­ a couple of questions, and I know that I Mr. CRAWFORD. Mr. Chairman, I mately $160,000,000 is properly chargeable to am challenging a man who is very capa­ move to strike out the last word. the general revenues because it represents ble in debate on the floor, but I will give 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2813 him the opportunity t.o answer the ques­ creases in postal rates, and there have he meant the Department of Justice. tions which I ask him. I ask the gentle­ -been too few Members of the House who Mr. Chairman, our investigations are man from Michigan LMr. CRAWFORD] if expressed themselves as being willing to spearheaded exclusively by FBI men, so he is in favor of the large business houses• vote for postal rate increases. I think the strictures of the gentleman were payin gtheir own way as far as postage is that should be discussed. against the FBI. concerned, including the postage on the Mr. NICHOLSON. Mr. Chairman, will Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Chairman, will penny postal cards? the gentleman yield? the gentlema:..1 yield? Mr. CRAWFORD. Would the gentle­ Mr. PA€SMAN. : yield. Mr. CANNON. I yield to the gentle­ man let me answer that? Mr. NICHOLSON. The gentleman man from Indiana. Nrr. PASSMAN. I told the gentleman from Iowa I Mr. GR()SS] yesterday called Mr. HALLECK. Let me ask just for befo1·~ that he .vould have all the time attention to the fact that they were information: Does the Appropriations be needs to answer it. carrying mail 300 miles beyond where Committee in asking for the services of Mr. CRAWFORD. If the gentleman it was supposed to be left, and brought other people in the Government or agen­ from Louisiana will look at my remarks back the 300 miles. Would it not be a cies of the Government limit itself as taken down by the Official Reporter, saving if they could drop the mail off wholly to people in the FBI? Or does he wi1l find that I emphatically said I was where it was supposed to go in the first the committee on occasion ask for the in favor of business people who receive place? help and. assistance of persons in the those services paying f 01· them. lVIr. PASSMAN. Occasionally you agencies of the Government other than Mr. PASSMAN. That is wonderful. may find a road washed out and you the FBI? Maybe the gentleman from Michigan can would have to go by another route. Mr. CANNON. As far as I know we make that a little plainer as to news­ What the gentleman brought out here h ave never used anyone but FBI agents. papers, magazines, and boo~. and state very definitely was the exception and Every requisition for an investigation is whether he is willing to increase their not the rule under which the Post Office referred to the FBI man at"the head of rates so that they will not be subsidized. Department operates. and I am sure the our staff. All investigations are in lVIr. CRAWFORD. Do they not also gentleman who brought that point out charge of FBI agents. They are spe­ receive the service? What you are try­ ·knows that as well as I · do. cialists trained in the field of investiga­ ing to do is to put me behind the eight Mr. Chairman, I yield back the bal­ tion, men against whom no charge has ball with respect to newspapers. ance of my time. even been brought of inefficiency or lack Mr. PASSMAN. Well, we will both be lV'.tI'. CANNON. Mr. Chairman, I move of integrity. Our years of experience behind the eight ball. You put me be­ to strike out the last word. · with them has more than justified that h ind the eight ball, so let us both get Mr. ' GARY. Mr. Chairman, will the reputation. We have never failed to therP.. gent1eman yield? get any information we asl{ed : it has Mr. CRAWFORD. I have answered Mr. CANNON. .I yield. never failed to be comprehensive and .the quesUon, and I emphatically repeat Mr. GARY. Mr. Chairman, l ask accurate. that I am in favor of them paying their unanimous consent that debate on this Mr. RABAUT. Mr. Chairman, will share aud their part of the expense the amendment and all amendments thereto the gentleman yield? same as the little fellow who buys a close in 5 minutes Mr. KEATING. Mr. Chairman, a Mr. CANNON. I yield to the gentle­ post card. man from Michigan. Mr. PASSMAN. Is the gentleman from point of order. Michigan speaking about newspapers The CHAlRMAN. The gentleman Mr. RABAUT. Mr. Chairman, the now? will state it. FBI is held in such high esteem that Mr. CRAWFORD. I certainly am. Mr. KEATING. Mr. Chairman, did I none other than the Ford Motor Co., The gentleman from Louisiana under­ correctly understand that the Chair has under the able management of Henry stands that language, does he not? recognized the gentleman from Mis­ Ford Ill, took Mr. Bugas, an FBl man Mr. PASSMAN. I understand it. souri? in charge of the Detroit branch, and Mr. CRAWFORD. And the press The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman made him an officer of the Ford Motor heard it. from .Missouri yielded to the gentleman Co. We prall:e big business at times; Mr. PASSMAN. I am going to give from Virginia. · we are imitating them here in the House the gentleman an opportunity to under­ Is there objection to the request of the of Representatives in the Appropriations stand me, which the gentleman did not gentleman from Virginia? Committee. give me before when he would not let me There was no objection. Mr. CANNON. In conclusion let me answer his question. Mr. KEATING. Mr. Chairman, a Eay, Mr. Chairman, that we are using Mr. CRAWFORD. The press heard parliamentary inquiry. · the most efficient method and the most what I said and my remarks will not be The CHAIR.M:AN. Does the gentle­ economical method yet devised. No one changed. The gentleman can bet on man from Missouri yield for a parlia­ has ever asked for information he did that. mentary inquiry? not secure. And it has always been Mr. PASSMAN. t may add to my re­ Mr. CANNON. I yield. authoritative. marks, if it is within the rules of the Mr. KEATING. Mr. Chairman, is it Mr. GROSS. Mr. Chairman, will the House, but I dQ want to clear up that in order for the gentleman from Mis­ gentleman yield? matter. souri to be recognized again on this Mr. CANNON. I yield to the gentle­ Mr. CRAWFORD. The gentleman same amendment? . man from Iowa. gets an answer from me whenever he asks The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman Mr. GRuSS. Was the FBI available me a question. . from Missouri offered a pro forma for purposes of investigations by other Mr. PASSMAN. And the gentleman amendment before, I think, to strike out committees of Congress? from Michigan will get an answer from two words. This time his amendment Mr. CANNON. I do not know about me next time if he will give me an oppor­ was to strike out four or five. Under that. The Committee on Appropriations tunity to answer his questions and not these circumstances the amendment is has a wcrking arrangement with the Bu­ attempt to answer them for me. in order and the gentleman is recognized. reau which we have had with them for Mr. Chairman, I think it should be Mr. CANNON. Mr. Chairman, ·1 can many years under which investigators brought out what the amount of subsidies understand the anxiety of the gentle­ are available to us without restriction. are. The cost of penalty mail for the man to prevent us from answering over We transfer them to our rolls at their fiscal year 1950 was $37,710,000, and the here. The gentleman from New York current salary for a week or two weeks cost of franked mail was $1,071,000. I made the wholly unsupported charge or the time required to complete the spe­ agree with the gentlem::tn that should he that the Committee <>n Appropriations' cific inquiry for which they are called add the subsidies to the air lines it comes system of investigation is a system of and as soon as the investigation is com­ up to nearly $160,000,000. I did not wish bureaucracies investigating bureauc­ pleted we transfer them back. We pay to get into any heated discussion with racies. When we made it clear that the only their regular salary and only for the my friend, the gentleman from Michi­ statement was without foundation be­ time actually employed. gan. I am in favor of economy and I cause we used FBI men against whom Mr. GROSS. Is the F'BI available for practice it in my business and in my no su.ch charge could be lodged, he at­ investigat:.ng overstaffing and inefficiency office. But I recognize the need for in- tenip~d to beg the question by saying in various other agencies?_ 2814 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 21 Mr. CANNON. Oh, yes. They make Mr. Chairman, I cannot sit here and mail altogether, but I agree with him any inquiry .assigned to them and we let an important matter like this come thoroughly on a terrible mistake by Mr. have found the information with which before the committee to be voted on DiSalle in imposing a ceiling price on they supplied us invariably accurate. without a further clarification and ex­ cotton. However, that is not in issue ·Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Chairman, will planation. It will be remembered a year here. the gentleman yield further? ago the distinguished chairman of this Mr. RANKIN. I will say this: I am Mr. CANNON. I yield to the gentle­ subcommittee, for whom I have the high­ in favor of striking out this provision. man from Indiana. est regard and who with his subcommit­ I am for carrying all the mail by air we Mr. HALLECK. Is it a fact that the tee has done an exceedingly good job in can. gentleman or his committee, or he for trying to bring to this House and the Mr. HARRIS. The Department of the the committee, twice a year files a report committee this important appropriation Army, the assistant to the chief on be­ of reimbursement to the other agencies bill, brought to the attention of the half of the Army, has transmitted a com­ of the Government for personnel used? House the same is~ue which is presented munication to the gentleman from Texas Is that correct? · here today. I opposed this attempt to [Mr. BECKWORTH], a member of our Mr. CANNON. We file under the rules thwart legislative policy by an appro­ committee, in which he says that the of the House semiannually a report on priation and such encroachment by the Department of the Army favors the re­ the empl')yment of all memb~rs of our Appropriations Committee. I support tention of this section of the act. The staff. this amendment now by our chairman. gentleman from Texas [Mr. BECKWORTH] The CHAIRMAN. The time of the The Appropriations Committee is en­ .could not be here today and asked that gent1eman from Missouri has expired. deavoring to change a policy of the Gov­ I read these letters to the House. He is All time on this amendment has ex­ ernment, a legislative policy, by an ap­ unavoidably away. pired. propriation bill. In the first place, I' The Secretary of the Navy for Air says: The question is on the amendment of­ think most of us agree that an approach It is believed that the provisions of the f erect by the gentleman from Minnesota. like this to a general policy proposition Civil Aeronautics Act authorizing mail pay The question was taken; and on a is bad. We had the fight on this issue for commercial scheduled operations must division (demanded by Mr. H. CARL AN­ a year ago. The committee refused to be retained in order to achieve the fullest DERSEN ) there were-ayes 63, noes 67. permit the change of an important policy development of the helicopter for commercial So the amendment was rejected. as included in this provision. It affects passenger operation. The Clerk read as follows: the national security of our country, it I will include the· full text of these Notwithstanding any other provision of affects the .future security of this coun- letters as a part of my remarks in the law, no part of any funds appropriated to ~~ . RECORD. the Post Office Department shall hereafter Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Chairman, will the I am not particularly concerned with be used for the transportation (within the gentleman yield? helicopter service altogether. If the continental limits of the United States) of Mr. HARRIS. · I yield to the gentle­ gentleman is fair-and I know he wants mail over any route or by any means which man from Mississippi. to be-and wants to get at helicopter the Postmaster General determines to be Mr. RANKIN. What is the object of more costly than other available and equally service, why not limit this to helicopter this provision, beginning in line 12 and service? satisfactory routes or means. going through line 18? Mr. CROSdER. Mr. Chairman, I of­ The CHAIRMAN. The time of the Mr. HARRIS. The object of the pro­ gentleman fr0m Arkansas has expired. fer an amendm3nt. vision, according to the report of the committee as I understand is to give Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Chairman, I ask The Clerk read as follows: it; unanimous consent to proceed for three Amendment offered by Mr. CROSSER: Page the Postmaster General authority to additional minutes. 15, st rike out lines 12 to 18, inclusive. make. determination in all instances the methods and means of transportation of The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection Mr. CROSSER. Mr. Chairman, the mail including rates which are under ju­ to the request of the gentleman from purpose of my amendment is to prevent risdiction of Interstate Commerce Com­ Arkansas? the adoption of a policy which would be mission and Civil Auonautics Board. There was no objection. calamitous to the country and be a really Mr. RANKIN. Is that done for the Mr. HARRIS. Why does not your serious matter. The purpose in having purpose of trying to prevent the trans­ committee say "helicopter service," and helicopters developed in the service of portation of mail by airplane? not include the entire provision of un­ the Post Office Department is not only Mr. HARRIS. This is done, so the economic contracts, as your report and to supply speedy mail service but is to committee says in its explanation·for the your provision says? provide pilots for the helicopters and purpose of preventing the CAB carrying · Now, the Members of this House know also to provide as many helicopters as out law which requires the Post Office De­ that our committee told you a year ago possible for use in the military service: partment to enter into an agreement for that we were going into this matter in I believe it was the Postmaster General the transportation of mail from airports an endeavor to try to do something about himself who said that nowhere have we to the post office by helicopter. But I say it. We did that. You remember the had a better illustration of the value to the gentleman this language is more fight on the air-mail subsidy-separation of the helicopter and pilots trained in far-reaching than that. The Postmas­ bill we brought . to the House last year. the postal service than at the present ter General says if this provision as in­ You remember the fight we had when we time in Korea, where helicopters devel­ cluded in this language stands, and if he were over in the Committee on Ways and oped in the postal service, together with found it was uneconomical, and it is in a Means room. You remember we went the pilot;:; trained in the postal service, lot of cases, to discontinue star-route back and the members of our committee rendered invaluable service in our mili­ service, he could cancel every star-route with others got together on a bill, tary operati on. contract in the United States. brought it out and passed it in this I shall not make a lengthy speech. The gentleman from Alabama [Mr. House, which would get to this particu­ Other members of our committee will BATTLE] a moment ago spoke of trans­ lar problem. We have done what we discuss the matter further. Let me urge portation of mail by air. The Postmas­ said we would do. But yet I do not want again, however; that we must provide ter General under this provision could to stand by, Mr. Chairman, and see a helicopters and the personnel to operate cancel every contract of any of the change in policy by a limitation in an them in civilian service because they are smaller and feeder air-mail services appropriation bill that will charige an indispensable in the event of war. throughout the United States. There important national defense policy of this Mr. BATTLE. Mr. Chairman, will are only four big airline companies that country. . The Post Office Department is the gentleman yield? could qualify under this provision. That opposed to it. Mr. CROSSER. I yield to the gentle­ is how far-reaching it is. Let me say to the gentleman, too, in man from Alabama. Mr. RANKIN. Well, if he made as talking about the helicopter service, Mr. BATT.LE. If this provision is not thorough a mess out of it as DiSalle, which you say you are trying to get to, stricken out, lines 12 to 18, will not the alias DiSalvo, has in fixing the price of Is it not true that the Post Office Depart­ small airlines be adversely affected? cotton, he might stop the mails alto­ ment initiated and supports the heli­ Mr. CROSSER. Undoubtedly so. gether. copter service of transporting mail from Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Chairman, I move Mr. HARRIS. I am sure the gentle­ the Los Angeles Airport to the post to strike out the last word. man would not advocate the stopping of office? 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2815 ·Mr. GARY. They opposed it at the a.sit is in regard to the·development of avia­ It is my view that adoption of this amend­ Chicago post office. tion, and in particular, the development of ment would radically change the basic phi-. Mr. HARRIS. I am asking the gentle­ the helicopter. losophy of the Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938, The Department of the Army favors re­ as amended, which charged the Civil Aero­ man about Los Angeles. · tention of those sections of the act which nautics Board with the duty of fostering air Mr. GARY. I do not know about Los pertain to the encouragement and develop­ transportation not only to meet the needs Angeles. This amendment would not ment of air transportation, as it is beli~ved of the postal service, but also in the interest prevent them from installing helicopter these sections adequately provide for the of commerce and the national defense. In service at any point in the United States. future development of helicopters. Without this connection I should like to point out Mr. HARRIS. Well, what is the pur­ further study, it is not possible to offer com­ that there are now under consideration by pose of the amendment, then, may I ments with respect to other provisions of the Congress several proposals for separa­ ask? · this act. tion of the subsidy element from mail pay, Mr. GARY. It leaves it within the . Your interest in this matter is appreciated the purposes of which are to divorce Govern­ and I trust the foregoing information will ment subsidy from the Post Office appro­ discretion of _the Postmaster General, be helpful to you. priation and relate such subsidy directly · and we want to leave it that way. If · Sincerely yours, to the national interests involved. the Postmaster General says it is an es­ T. A. YOUNG, In view of these facts I am strongly of sential service, then he can use it. If Assistant to the Chief. the opinion that. this substantive proposal he does not think so, then he cannot use which would have such a far-reaching ef­ fect, should be enacted, if at all, only after it. And, I ask the gentleman, who is bet­ THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF ter prepared to determine how mail full hearings have been held and thorough THE NAVY FOR AIR, committee consideration given to its effect should be transported than the Post­ Washington, March 20, 1951. upon our air-transportation policy. · master General of the United States? If Hon. LINDLEY BECKWORTH, For your information I am enclosing cop­ he is not, he ought to be discharged. House of Representatives, ies of letters which I have addressed to Hon. Mr. HARRIS. The Postmaster Gen­ Washington, D. C. GoRDoN CANFIELD, United State~ Represent­ eral told i:ne, and he told you, as shown DEAR MR. BECKWORTH: Thank you for your ative from New Jersey, and to Hon. John M. in the report, that if you delegated this letter of March 15, 1951, to Secretary Mat­ Redding, Assistant Postmaster General, on thews, requesting the Navy's opinion con-. this subject. authority and imposed this responsibility· cerning the necessity of retaining the Civil upon the military, that the Post Office Sincerely yours, Aeronautics Act in its present form in or­ D. RENTZEL, Department is carrying out in the in­ der to insure further development of the w. terest of national defense, it will cost not helicopter. · · Chairman. 1 time but 10 times more than it costs The qvn Aeronautics Board has granted Mr: GARY. Mr. Chairman, I ask for the Post Office Department to do it. a certificate of necessity and convenience to unammous consent that all debate on . Mr. GARY. May I read from the Los Angeles Airways for helicopter operation this .amendment be limited to 15 in Los Angeles and a certificate to the Chi­ minutes, with the last 5 minutes to be Postmaster's statement on page 19 of the_ cago Helicopter Service for operation in'Chi­ transcript of the-hearings? cago. - Both companies are presently en­ reserved to the committee. Mr. HARRIS. The gentleman may do gaged in scheduled oper'ations carrying the Mr. HINSHAW. Reserving the right it in his· own time.· I cannot yield for mail but no passengers. The Board has to object; Mr. Chairman, we went along that purpose. pending before it applications for certificates for about 2 hours talking about notbing · Mr. GARY. The gentleman asked in other cities. a little while ago and the gentleman about the Postmaster General. .I am informed that these operations have did not do anything about it. Now we been authoz:ized with the hope that they will have an important amendment on the Mr. HARRIS. I do not have the time demonstrate the practicality of carrying pas­ for 'that'.· I should like to say this: I sengers in scheduled operations as well as _ floor and the gentleman wants to shut have voted for a number of these amend­ mail. off debate. ments to reduce the amounts and I have The military services are of course devel­ Mr. GARY. I was doing it at the re- ' voted against ~ome of theni. I am for oping the helicopter for specialized military quest of the ranking minority member of economy and as I say have so voted here purposes. Some of the helicopters developed the Appropriations Committee. He by the military services may be susceptible today and yesterd~y on most of these asked a little while ago if we could not reductions. We must reduce the Federal to modification for commercial passenger limit .debate somewhere. He asked it use. It is believed, however, that the pro­ publicly on the floor. budget on nonessential expenditures and visions of the Civil Aeronautics Act author­ wherever we can to obviate the nece·s­ izing mail pay for commercial scheduled op­ Mr. CANFIELD. It was not regard­ sity of higher taxes. I know i~ is going erations must be retained in order to achieve ing this item, it was on the other item. to be contended that this is another move the fullest development of the helicopter for Mr. GARY. I was referrir:g to the toward economy. But, gentlemen, for commercial passenger operations. gentleman from New York [Mr. TABER]. the interest of our country and the na- Sincerely yours, Mr. CANFIELD. I filed a minority re­ . tional defense, false economy is bad. JOHN F. FLOBERG. port on this item. I want to see it de­ The Postmaster General told me this bated thoroughly. CIVIL AERONAUTICS BOARD, Mr. GARY .. I am perfectly willing to was bad. The Postmaster General told Washington, March 19, 1951. me it should be deleted, and I ask that Hon. LINDLEY BECKWORTH, stay her~ all night. I have no other en­ the. committee sustain this action. Committee on Interstate and Foreign gagement. I am perfectly wiiling to let Mr. D. W. Rentzel advises the Civil · Commerce, House of Representatives, . the debate go on just as long as the Aeronautics Board is unalterably op­ Washington, D. C. Members want it to go. I am just try­ posed to this and said such a change DEAR Ma. BECKWORTH: I am writing to tell ing to find out ho\\' much time the House may have a disastrous effect not only on you of my deep concern over an amend­ wants to spend on this. There is no dis­ helicopter service, but also with respect ment to the Treasury and Post Office ap­ position on my part to shut off any de- propriation bill for 1952 which was con­ bate. . to continued operations of local service tained in the bill as reported by the House carriers as well. I will include the full Appropriations Subcommittee on Thursday, Mr. HINSHAW. Why do we not wait text of his letter to Mr. BECKWORTH, with March 15. This amendment provides that a while, then? my statement, too. no part of any funds appropriated to the Mr. O'HARA. Let us go on a few Mr. Chairman, this could be a very Post Office Department shall be used for the minutes, then. dangerous departure and I ·ask that this transportation within the continental lim­ Mr. GARY. Mr. Chairman, I ask amendment of our chairman be adopted. its of the United States of mail over any routes or by any means which the Post­ unanimous consent that all debate on DEPARMENT OF THE ARMY, master General determines to be more costly this amendment and all amendments OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF than other available and equally satisfac­ thereto close in 30 minutes, the last 5 LEGISLATIVE LIAISON, tory routes or means. · minutes to be reserved to the committee. Washington, D. C., March 20, 1951: I believe that enactment of this proposed Mr. HINSHAW. Reserving the right Hon. LINDLEY BECKWORTH, amendment may have a disastrous effect, to object, Mr. Chairman, I see 10 Mem­ House of Representatives. not only with respect to the continuation bers on their feet. That is 3 minutes DEAR Ma. BECKWORTH: The Secretary of the of helicopter service, which I understand Army has asked me to reply to your com­ was discussed primarily by the subcom­ apiece. We could not get started. munication of March 15, wherein you asked mittee, but also with respect to continued Mr. O'HARA. I object, Mr. Chairman. whether the Department felt it necessary operation of our local service carriers as Mr. TABER. Why does not the gen­ that the Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938 remain well. tleman move it? XCVII-177 2816 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 21

Mr. GARY. Mr. Chairman, I move ginia {Mr. GARY] hopes to do by his other means of transportation could not be rider. We brought a bill out last winter used. New York City ls confronted with a that all debate on this amendment and much greater civil-defense problem than any all amendments thereto clos~ in 30 as you remember. Let us, for goodness other densely populated area in the world. minutes, reserving the last 5 minutes for sake, not ball up the entire transporta­ In my opinion, the use of helicopters in the the committee. tion system of the country by a legisla­ control and direction of fire fighting, evacua­ J.1.fr. KEATING. Mr. Chairman, I make tive sleeper like this one on an appro­ tion, and the other organized action under­ the point < f order that a reservation of priation bill. It is the worst thing I have taken, would be invaluable. time to the committee is not in order seen happen in this Congress. Yours sincerely, in such a motion. Mr. Chairman, under leave to extend RoBEaT M. WEBSTER, The CHAIRMAN. The Chair sus­ my remarks, I include the fallowing let­ Major General, United States Air Force. tains the point of order. ters; Mr. GARY. Th~n. . Mr. Chairman, I CAB DOCKET NO. 946 ET AL., NEW YORK CITY THE DEPUTY SECRETARY OF DEFENSE, Washington, D. C., December 16, 1949. move that all debate on this amendment AREA HELICOPTER SE!lVICE CASE Mr. V. RocK GRUNDMAN, and all amendments thereto close in 30 THE PORT OF NEW YORK AV'rHORlTY, Public Counsel, Civil Aeronautics· Board, minutes. DEPA!rl."MENT OF AIRPORT DEVELOPMENT, Washington, D. C. The CHAIRMAN. The question is on New York, N. Y., February 14, 1951. . DEAR MR. GRUNDMAN: ln accordance with the motion. Maj. Gen. ROBERT M. WEBSTER, your request of Oct.ober 24, I am pleased to The question was.taken; and ona divi­ Commanding General, attach the comments o! the Departments of Eastern Air Defense Force, sion ING GENERAL, easily maintained helicopters includes such brought order out of chaos. With this EAsTEuf Am DEFENSE FORCE, missions as the maintaining of aerial sur­ amendment you may make it possible MITCHEL Am FoBCE BAsE, veillance of enemy forward areas for the pµr• for a trucking company to cut rates and New York, February 16, 1950. pose of locating appropriate targets, adjust­ bid against an agency which cannot Mr. FRED M. GLASS, ing artlllery, rockets and guided misslles, Director of Airport Development, short range aerial reconnaissance, courier, change its rates or vary its route, and The Port of New York Authority, is aY\d emergency front-line aerial evacuation. that probably as unfair a thing as New York, N. Y. Requirement.a for tactical air support type ever occurred in the history of this Con­ DEAR MR. GLASS: You have informed me helicopters employed by the Air Poree in gress, legislativewise, and this is legisla­ that certain local groups and individuals who support o! the Army included· 1arge, medium tion on an appropriation bill The leg­ are seriously lnterest.ed ln the civll-defense range, troop transport type helicopters and islation makes possible this situation: If problem of the New York City metropolitan short range, heavy lift, flying crane type the Postmaster General chooses to do so, area, have asked that I exp.. ess my opinion helicopters to facilitate the air movement of he may cancel every star route in the as to the potential utility of the helicopter combat troops and materiel over impassable country and in effect knock out all of the service now being proposed for the metropoli­ terrain void of large prepared airstrips. In tan area, tn the event of attack by modem addition, their capability of operation in railroad certificates and the certificates air weapons. defilade and during periods of relatively poor issued by the Civil Aeronautics Board. The New York City area ls particularly vul­ visibility and low ceilings makes them highly If that is what the Congress wants to nerable to attack from aircraft and sub­ suitable for arctic, jungle, and mountainous do, in a little sleeper like this one, with­ marines because its location on the Atlantic warfare. out any hearings at all and without it seaboard makes difficult the establishment of 4. The expanding application and utiliza­ even having been mentioned to the leg­ defen6es against· aircraft in depth, and ex­ tion of rotary wing aircraft by agencies out­ islative committee-we only heard of it poses the area to attack by short-range side the Department of Defense will con­ by accident-why then go ahead and do guided missiles from the adjacent coastal siderably aid the services in the development waters. Since geographical position in this of this new field for military purposes since, it. As has been said by the gentleman case enhances the probability of successful in many cases, this civilian utilization is from Arkansas, we are handling this in attack, the local civil-defense organization quite similar to milltary application as op­ the normal, regular, legislative way in must be prepared to cope with that eventu­ posed to military requirements for fighter our committee. Shortly I believe we will ality. and bomber type aircraft having no clvi11an be prepared to bring out a bill which will The helicopter has already proven to be of counterparts. Accordingly, the demand of .ci\o that which the gentleman from Vir- extraordinary value in emergencies where civilian operators that they have. increasingly 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2817 better performance, lower initial cost, lower tics of the Board. Comments contained and give to industry a greater incentive to maintenance and operating costs will greatly herein are based upon the . This stimulus will be of particular as­ commercial use would have desirable effects helicopter air transport in large cities would sistance to the Department of the Army in on the over-all helicopter research and de­ most certainly increase the defense poten­ view of the fact that in general, the size, velopment program. An expanded helicop­ tial. Information reaching this office indi­ weight-carrying capabilities and types of ter transport industry will materially bene­ cates that the helicopter mail service in the helicopters that would normally be employed fit the Department of Defense, and will Los Angeles area has been very successful. in such an endeavor as this are comparable promote a healthier- industry. There will With more advanced type helicopters cur­ to th0se employed organically by the De­ be a tendency toward greater research and rently under development, the efficiency of partment of the Army. In addition, the ex­ development support by private capital. commercial operation will increase . • perience gained and statistics compiled by A general improvement in engineering de­ The Department of the Air Force strongly such an endeavor iii the transportation of signs and techniques will result. . Production recommends that favorable consideration be cargo and personnel, the rap~d movement of processes will become more economical. given to approving the New York Area Heli- . ambulatory patients and utilization as a Solution of such critical problems as sta­ copter Service case, Docket No. 946. communications medium will be of great bility and control, all-weather operations, HAROLD C. STUART. value in supplementing Army experience etc., will be given greater impetus. A strong­ er, larger nucleus of trained pilots, mainte­ with this type aircraft for similar missions . HEADQUARTERS, ARMY AIR FORCES, under combat conditions. - nance crews, research, development and production facilities will result. It appears Washington, July 11, 1947. JOHN 'W. MARTYN, Mr. FRANK ·J. DELANE7, · Administrative Assistant. that the helicopter suitable for commercial · use will also be suitable, with minor modi­ Solicitor, Post Office Department, fications, for application to certain opera­ Washington 25, D . C. DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY, tional requirements of the Department of DEAR MR. DELANEY: This is in reply to your OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, · Defense. letter of July 2, 1947, concerning benefit to Washington, November 30, 1949. 3. The Department of Defense is current­ the national defense from the use of heli­ From: The Secretary of the Navy. ly supporting the helicopter research and copters by the Post Office Department in its To: The Secretary of Defense. development program with both research and air-mail operations. Subject: New York Area Helicopter Service development and production funds. The The helicopter is a compar11-tive newcomer Cas:'l, Docket No. 946, et al., of the Civil present helicopter program has_been reduced, in the aircraft field and its full military Aeronautics Board. due to lack of funds, to a level below what significance has not yet been fully exploited. 1. With reference to your memorandum of is considered the minimum desirable pro­ However, although the first. American heli• · November 9, 1949, in regard to New York Heli­ gram. This situation is true, despite the copter flew in 1940, its usefulness to the copter Service case, Docket No. 946, et al., of. fact that a certain amount of research and Armed Forces has progressed tremendously the Civil Aeronautics Board, I wish to state development in rotary wing aircraft design in the short span si;nce that time. that the Navy is greatly interested in further and components is being supported by the The helicopter is unsurpassed as a rescue development of rotary wing type aircraft. aircraft industry. Information regarding the vehicle. It is presently being tested by the The superiority of the helicopter for many helicopter production program indicates that Army ground forces for air observation pur­ naval uses has been amply demonstrated by the quantity of this type of aircraft will be poses, as a general utility aircraft, and is actual :fleet operations. below the quantity necessary to meet pro­ being investigated as a possible airborne 2. Despite the rapid progress attained to jected operational requirements ir the event assault vehicle. These are the _prime mili­ date there still remains a great deal of re­ of an emergency. An expansion of the heli­ tary applications to date, however there are search and development work to be accom­ copter transport industry will tend to make many other miscellaneous us.es, such as the plished before the helicopter can be con­ . available more private capital for the sup­ laying of communication lines, laying of. sidered entirely satisfactory as a service type. port of research and development and will pipelines, radar calibration, mapping, etc. Although the Navy will have to continue its make available helicopters and crews to al­ It is our feeling that the helicopter has own prototype developments due to design leviate anticipated shortages in the event unlimited · possibilities. We believe it is limitations peculiar to shipboard operations.­ of an emergency. the vital link necessary to complete the chain any expansion of the helicopter industry 4. The Board does not believe it desirable 1'etween surface and air transportation. It through commercial operations will greatly to supply any witnesses for testifying in this has the ability to operate from terrain such accelerate the development of the helicopter. case. It is believed more appropriate that as mountains, swamps, jungles, or certain In addition, quantity production of helicop­ personnel with operating experience from places in the Arctic, where other modes of ters because of increased commercial opera­ the departments be made available in case transportation would be difficult or impos­ tions will refiect itself in lower costs to the the Department of Defense wishes to supply sible. These characteristics make it indis­ Government of this type of aircraft and witnesses for testifying in this case. pensable in certain aspects of military op­ would provide an industry which could be R. F. RINEHART, . erations. more easily expanded in times of emergency. Acting Chairman. However, despite .its proven present value, 3. I feel that helicopter service in the New many years of research and development will York City metropoli~an area demonstrates be required before the helicopter is perfected . DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE, progressive, forward planning. The estab­ and its possibilities effectively realized. lishment of helicopter services will give im­ Washington, November 28, 1949. Practical budget limitations of the Armed petus to the helicopter industry in general Memorandum for the Deputy Secretary of Forces necessarily limit funds which can be and therefore, will be of great value to the Defense. expended for research and engineering on Navy. Subject': New York Area Helicopter Service helico1>ter aircraft. It is vital to us that 4. Commander C. E. P.ouston,, United States Case, Docket No. 946, et al., of the Civil profitable commercial and civil applications Navy, will be available to serve as a witness, Aeronautics Board. be exploited in order that unit costs may if his presence is so desired, to· sponsor the Reference is made to memorandum from be reduced to the lowest possible level. above statement. Executive Secretary, Office of the Secretary of The Air Forces has followed the experi­ DAN A. KIMBALL, Defense, dated November 9, 1949, subject as ments of the Post Office Department with Under Secretary of the Navy. above, with attached letter from Mr. V. keen interest. It seems to us that you have Rock Grundman, public counsel, Civil Aero­ been wise in making early application of the RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT BOARD, nautics Board. potentialities of the helicopter to solve your Washington, D. C., November 21, 1949. The Air Force wishes to reaffirm its posi­ problem of attaining the world's most effi­ cient air-mail service. You had admin­ Memorandum for the Executive Secretary, tion with reference to commercial operation of helicopters as ntated in a letter to Mr. istered your experiments in a most impres­ Office of the Secretary of Defense. sive manner and we feel that you have ef­ Subject: New York Area Helicopter Service Frank J. Delaney of the Post Office Depart­ ment on July 11, 1947, and also Under Secre­ fectively demonstrated the value of the heH­ Case, Docket No. 946, et al., of the Civil copter to your activity. We believe that it Aeronautics Board. tary Barrow's letter of October 11, HJ48. It is not believed that the helicopter is is undoubtedly a most substantial contribu­ Reference: (a) Memorandum for the Depart­ being fully exploited -from a commercial tion and that in the end it will contribute ments and the Research and Development standpoint. The main reason. for this is the to the national defense in lending support Board from the Executive Secretary, Office high initial cost of the aircraft coupled with to our vital aircraft industry. of the Secretary of Defense, dated Novem­ relatively high maintenance cost. The use Sincerely yours, ber 9, 1949. of more helicopters in commercial operations BRYANT L. BOATNER, 1. Your memorandum of November 9, 1949, would tend to reduce these factors, accele­ Brigadier General, United States was referred to the Committee on Aeronau- rate the development of this type aircraft, Army, Deputy Chief of Air Staff. 2818 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH ·21 OCTOBER 11, 1948. Approximately one-fourth of the total charged with millions and billions of Hon. JosEPH J. O'CONNELL, request is for nondefense expenditure. dollars of proposals that wa cannot Chair man, Civil Aeronautics Board, This does include, however, about 8 per­ atford. Washington, D . C. Re Chicago Helicopter Service, Case, Docket cent interest payments on the national You may be interested in knowing that No. 2384, et al. debt. When the budget for next year in the present budget approximately DEAR MR. O'CONNELL: It has come to the was submitted to Congress the President $50,000,000 is requested to start six attention of the Dep?-rtment of the Air Force indicated an increase in taxes of $16,- public-works project3 that when com­ that the Chicago Helicopter Service case has 500,000,000, which, combined with esti­ pleted would cost approximately $2,000,- been delayed in order to permit the Post Of­ mates of tax receipts for the fiscal year 000,000. . . fice Department to develop some additional 1952 of $55,500,000,000, would balance the data concerning truck costs. At the time of Mr. Speaker, there is no good reason the hearing in this proceeding held in Chica­ budget. why we should assume the expenditures go in September 1947, the Air Force took an If any success is to be made toward of the military. Lfter all, Congress is - active interest in supporting the develop­ balancing the budget, and paying as we more or less of a guardian of the tax­ ment of the helicopter through the issuance go for defense activities, every dollar payers' funds of this country, so we of a certificate by the Civil Aeronautics saved with respect to nondefense activ­ should examine these items from time to Board. A letter to this effect, dated August ities means a dollar less required from time and make sure, as far as we can, • 13, 1947, to Frank Delaney, Solicitor, Post the taxpayers. that the money is not expended Office Department, from Brig. Gen. B. L. I should also add that Secretary of the Boatner, Deputy Chief of Air Staff, and a extravagantly. letter dated August 25, 1947, to the Postmas­ Treasury Snyder forecasts an expendi­ There is going to be a tremendous ter General from Kenneth c. Royall, then ture of not less than $7u,OOO,OOO ,OOO for amount of pressure for the expenditure Secretary of War, endorsing and adopting the next fiscal year. It is appalling and of funds in the name of national defense. General Boatner's letter, were submitted to dangerous to contemplate $25,000,000,000 I will not have time to discuss that·mat­ the Post Office Department. I understand a year deficits. They have got to be ter except for one example, the St. Law­ that a copy of each of these letters is in the wiped out or at least greatly reduced record as a part of the exhibits submitted by rence seaway, which I have mentioned if we are going to save this country from before, and which has been before Con­ the Post Office Department, but for your financial chaos. convenience, I am enclosing a copy of each gress for many years. Now, the St. Law­ of them. It is my view that we can reduce non­ rence seaway is asking for the modest In order that you may have the current defense expenditures without injury to sum of $4,000,000 and the Inland Water­ position of the Department of the Air Force &.nyone by approximately seven or eight ways Corporation for $3,000,000, just to in this matter, the Department desires to billion dollars. start .the projects along. There are express its active interest in helicopter devel­ Very few rivers and harbors and recla­ many others, but I will not have time to' opment from the national defense point of mation projects are essential to the de­ view. In this connection the Department fense effort. We ought not to begin·any . discuss them at the present time. What reaffirms the views expressed on behalf of the of these projects at the present time. we .ought to do is to rescind a number of Department's predecessor, the Army Air the public-works projects that have not Forces, that it is vital to us that commercial We ;vill do well to complete those already yet been started and let them stand by and civil development of the helicopter be started. One project alone, the St. Law­ until the natiOnal and international pic­ exploited. · rence seaway, is estimated to cost ture clears up. Sincerely yours, $1,500,000,000, if and when completed. A. S. BARROWS, If we will cut our domestic long-term Mr. Speaker, the time has passed when Under Secretary of the Air Force. Congress should write blank·. checks to commitments ~s we should there could any agency or to the President himself. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ be a saving of more than $3,000,000,000. We have more people on the Federal It is the Congress that ought to scruti­ nizes the gentleman from Kansas [Mr. nize every piece of legislation and every REES]. payroll right now than we have ever had before, excepting during a very brief pe­ expenditure. It should be done in the Mr. REES of Kansas. Mr. Chairman, riod in World War II. The total employ­ light of the absolute needs for such ex­ I ask unanimous consent to revise and ment on the Federal payroll, I am in­ penditures and certainly in considera- _ extend my remark:; at this point in the tion of the condition of the Federal RECORD, and yield my time to the gen­ formed, has reached a figure of 2,200,- 000 of which approximately 1,200,000 are l'reasury that is already showing a defi­ tleman from Minnesota [Mr. O'HARA]. in civilian agencies. No agencies should cit of more than $250,000,000,000. Con-: The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection be permitted to employ any more people gress must assert itself in respect to to the request of the gentleman from than they absolutely require, except and Federal expenditures. It must cut out· Kansas? until a definite showing of a need is "logrolling and pork barrel" procedures. There was no objectton. made, and it must be for national de­ It is the only way by which we are going REDUCTio"NS IN FEDERAL EXPENDITUltES ARE IN fense only. Furthermore, if every agency to save our country from a spiral of ORDER NOW would cut out activities unnecessary in inflation that will weaken us beyond Mr. REES of Kansas. Mr. Chairman,. consideration of the tremendous cost of control. We have got to put on the the bill before us today, amounting to Government and the need to carry on brakes and save our country from bank­ several hundred million dollars, is a part the defense program, a saving could be ruptcy. We can if we will. of the huge request of the administra­ made in that field alone of between The CHAIRMAN. The chair recog .. tion for running the affairs of our Gov­ $1,500,000,000 and $2,000,000,000. nizes the gentleman from Minnesota ernment. It is of course conceded that We are spending approximately [Mr. O'HARA] for 6 minutes. a tremendous amount of funds is re­ $4,000,000,000 a year for foreign economlc Mr. O'HARA. Mr. Chairman, I have quired for the administration of the aid. We are also spending billions of always firmly believed in the rule of the affairs of our country and the require­ dollars in military aid in foreign coun­ House that we should not attempt to ments are even greater by reason of the tries. You will be interested in knowing legislate on an appropriation bill. This need for increasing and expanding of that the President's budget has requested is about as perfect an example as I have our national-defense progam. The Con­ an expenditure of $10,900,000,000 for for­ ever seen since I have been a Member gress assumes a greater responsibility eign military and economic aid and other of the House of Representatives. This is than ever with respect to the approval services. This includes approximately like operating on a small boil on your or uisapproval of the items that come $4,000,000,000 for ECA. I say we ought hand with a meat ax. Let me call your before it for consideration and vote. to at least cut out the ECA and save the attention to a few things which would The President has submitted, and the $4,000,000,000. Not only that, but we can happen. The language in the bill woUld Bureau of the Budget has approved, re­ scrutinize the remainder of the expendi­ completely affect the Transportation Act quests for appropriation.3 , outside of ture for military aid in foreign countries of 1939. It would completely affect the what is known as contract authoriza­ and make sure it is expended judiciously. Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938. It would tions, of more than $75,000,000,000 for There must be a genuine attempt to affect in every way that I can conceive the fiscal year 1952. In addition to the cut nonwar activities, including all pork­ of the right of the Postmaster General $75,000,000,000, there are requests for barrel projects, and there must be no to control the delivery of mail. several billion dollars more by reason appropriations to initiate new spending Mr. PRIEST. Mr. Chairman, will the of what is known as authorization bills projects. As suggested above, when new gentleman yield? heretofore approved by Congress. projects are started, our Government is Mr. O'HARA. I yield. 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2819

Mr. PRIEST. I understood the gen­ U.1r. MANSFIELD, by unanimous con­ of $500,000 as though it were nothing, tleman to say that this -amendment sent, yielded the time allotted to him to and granting the Postmaster General would do it. He means the language in the gentleman from North Carolina powers that I have not sec.n granted any­ the bill, does he not? [Mr. CHATHAM].) where else and that I do not think have Mr. O'HARA. Yes; I mean the lan­ Mr. CHATHAM. Mr. Chairman, the ever been granted, and I do not think guage in the bill. I thank my good reason I oppose this language is that it they should be granted here. I am for friend, the gentleman from Tennessee. gives -enormous powers to what has curtailing some of the powers rather Mr. Chairman, let us follow the lan­ normally in my lifetime been the great­ than granting more. Instead of spend­ guage here which says that the Post­ est political office in our Government: I ing $500,000 why not tackle the propo­ master General must use the route which will admit that I think the present Post­ sition of trying to save $500,000,000 by he determines to be less costly than master General is a wonderful man who cutting out a lot of these subsidies? other available and equally satisfactory has come up from the ranks, but nor­ The development of helicopters is im­ methods. It might be more economical mally we have not had that type of man portant, very important, and if they , to use an oxcart of the old pony express as Postmaster General, and under this were to be developed by the military, as or some other means of transportation. language giving the Postmaster Gen­ the Postmaster· General said, it would This language is so broad that the Post­ eral complete authority over all types of cost many times as much. The early master General says he is haunted by it transportation, I think it would be fool­ air-mail policy in World War I developed and he does not want it. We are being ish indeed for us to extend that power. airplane pilots and great transport pi­ asked t" pass in this appropriat~on bill As all of you know, I am rather inter­ lots; bomber pilots and other pilots were on a surject which, fo:i: ·example, would ested in the development of air developed in World War II. come within the jurisdiction of the Com­ transportation. These helicopter pilots are rescuing mittee on Merchant Marine and Fish­ Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Chairman, will men in Korea today, they are taking out eries of tl13 House affecting the carriage the gentleman yield? the wounded. I saw a man fall into the of inail by steamship. It w'Juld affect Mr. CHATHAM. I yield. Caribbean. A helicopter picked him up _ the carriage of mail by air and the car­ Mr. HARRIS. Is it not a fact that 7 miles away and saved his life. I do riage of mi:til by star routes, or any other there was good reason for ·the Congress not care if it cost $500,000 if it saves means of carrying the mail. of the United States many years ago to lives of American boys. We are develop­ If we leave this language in the bill adopt a policy that the Interstate. Com­ ing something for national defense. If it is going to completely affect the whole merce Commission should set rates inso­ they want to limit the amount of money transportation system. Our national far as utility services to the people of for helicopters, I would be against that. defense comes into the picture in the the United States were concerned? And We are giving the Postmaster General matter of fixing of rates by the ICC. is it not equally true that there was some power which I think will change our They certainly must take into consid­ good reason that the Congress of the whole mail system. I certainly am op­ eration the tremendously important United States adopted a policy that the posed to the pending amendment. part that the railroads play, not only in Civil Aeronautics Board would have au­ Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. cr..airman, will our economic system, but in our na­ thorlty to set rates insofar as air trans­ the gentleman yield? tional defense. We all recognize that. portation is concerned? Mr. CHATHAM. I yield to the gentle­ In the licensing for the transportation Mr . . CHATHAM. That has been my man from Montana. of mail by air by the CAB, what do they understanding. Mr. MANSFIELD. Speaking of. heli­ have to do? What does that quasi-ju­ Mr. HARRIS. And is it not a fact copters, it seems to me I read in the dicial body, the CAB, have to do? They that those policies were adopted after paper recently something to· the effect must take into consideration the public exhaustive hearings before the commit­ that the Marine Corps has saved some­ interest, the national defense, and all of tees involved? To permit this change thing like 1,500 men who were shot down the things that enter into the picture. as this language here provides in .this either on land or in the sea around Korea In effect it is not intended that we, let limitation of authority would by one since the start of the fight there last me say to my friend from Virginia, es­ stroke, without hearings or anything June. Furthermore, getting back to this tablish a complete monopoly in the larg­ else, change the entire policy that the particular bill, it it. my impression, and er airlines as opposed to the smaller air­ Congress decided was for the best inter­ I wish the gentleman will correct me if lines or the feeder airlines. I do not ests of the people of the.country. I am wrong, that the Army and Navy think there can be any question about Mr. CHATHAM. I agree with the Air Forces are against this particular that. · gentleman from Arkansas. provision of the bill? The thing to do is to let the proper Mr. Chairman, it seems to me that un­ Mr. CHATHAM. I have been told they committees after full hearings deter­ der this language if the Postmaster Gen­ are against it. Referring b~ck to the mine this matter. Let me say I cannot eral wanted to use a donkey and cart Chairman of the Civil Aeronautics agree, and I have not had the benefit of in my part of North Carolina he could, Board he says these helicopter-trained any hearings, and my judgment would for certainly it would be cheaper than pilots are rescuing wounded soldiers in certainly be snap judgment, that there any other way I know. If this grant of Korea today. was a great part of wisdom in one of · power is given under the desire to stop The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ these developments, the helicopter, or the use of helicopters, why not stop the nizes the gentleman from Tennessee the use of it, in one of these cities. I use of helicopters by substantive legis­ [Mr. PRIEST]. am convinced that it was a wise thing lation? Mr. PRIEST. Mr. Chairman, it is al­ to do; but on the other hand it has been Mr. GARY. Mr. Chairma·n, will the ways with a great deal of reluctance that a tremendously important thing in this gentleman yield? I rise here to oppose any provision sug­ aid which has been given by the Post Mr. CHATHAM. I yield. gested by my good friend from Virginia, Office Department in the transportation Mr. GARY. If a donkey and cart the chairman of the subcommittee han­ of this mail and the development and furnishes equally satisfactory service to dling this bill. He and his subcommit­ the training as I understand .of pilots the other means of transportation is tee have done a very excellent job on this and in the improvement of equipment. there any reason why.we should not use bill. Mr. Chairman, I hope that before we a donkey and cart? However, I rise at this time to support move in anything that· is as important Mr. CHATHAM. I think every reason, the pending amendment which will as this that we will let the Committee on sir, because some of the people do not strike this language from the bill. I am the Post Office and Civil Service, the care when they get their mail even in a member of the Committee on Inter­ Committee on Interstate and Foreign my district. But I feel that even the state and Foreign Commerce and in my Commerce at least, hold hearings so that development of helicopters is most im­ opinion the language is extremely dan­ we may have the facts before us when portant. About us everywhere we see a gerous for the future of our country. As we proceed. Let us not proceed blindly, world in crisis and helicopters play a the gentleman from Arkansas and the That is all I have to say, Mr. Chair­ very important role. The chairman of gentleman from California have said, the man. I hope the amendment to strike the Interstate Subcommittee a few mo­ Committee on Interstate and Foreign this from the bill will carry. ments ago said this amounted to about Commerce has studied this matter, is The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ $500,000 for the helicopters that are be­ now in the process of studying it further, nizes the gentleman from North Carolina ing asked for this year, but next year it and will report legislation to this House [Mr. CHATHAM]. will be more than $500,000. We speak some time during the current session to 2820 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 21 do the job that I believe the distin­ passenger service, supported by the Port trail. This language has absolutely no guished gentleman from Virginia hopes Authority of New York, is now pending - application to railroads. The Postmaster to do by this language in the appropria­ before the Board and the committee. General has the authority under the tion bill. Our committee has been advised in­ present law to use railroads or not, as he I agree with what the gentleman from formally that it will probably receive sees fit. North Carolina said that this is a very favorable consideration if ,this rider is Insofar as airplane mail is concerned, broad grant of authority to one indi­ stricken out. It involves the use of 10 or where people pay additional postaee for vidual at a time when the unwise use of 13 helicopters. Highly trained heli­ air mail, it will be carried by air; and that power might seriously handicap copter pilots and facilities would cer­ insofar as the national defense is con­ the defense effurt of the United States, tainly prove a godsend to this prime cerned, the distinguished chairman of and might seriously h'andicap the trans­ target area in the event of atomic bomb the Subcommittee on Armed Services, portation system of our country. This attacks. the gentleman from Texas [Mr. MAHON], language does, in my opinion, based on No witnesses from the National Defense told me just a few minutes ago that the hearings before our own committee, Establishment were called before our provision would not affect the national seriously affect the Transportation Act; subcommittee, only the formal testimony defense because, he said, they are ap­ it seriously affects the Civil Aeronautics of one witness, the Postmaster G~neral propriating billions of dolars for the de­ Act of 1938 and the Interstate Commerce of the United States. It is sought in this velopment of the Air Force, and this heli­ Act, all without any supporting evidence rider to distort a settled policy of the copter service at the various airports insofar as detailed hearings and testi­ Congress in the Civil Aeronautics Act of would ihave no effect whatever on the mony are concerned. 1938 to keep our planes flying so that they defense program. Mr. Chairman, as reluctant as I am to will be prepared for M-day; that is, pre­ Let us see what the Postmaster says oppose the committee on any of its paredness with pilots, facilities, and about it: recommendations, I hope very much that planes. I think a general law to the effect that the the amendment offered by the distin­ f other nations and repels them from its mained spotless to his death. He was a God­ district. own * *; a government, in a word, fearing public servant of the noblest char• ·Mr. PRICE asked and ·was given per­ whose conduct within and without may be­ acter. : mission to extend his remarks in four speak the most noble of all· ambitions, that 3. We should remember his insistence that instances and include in each extraneous of promoting peace on earth and good will to true human freedom means the right to matter. men." ~'life, liberty, estate, and the pursuit of hap­ Mr. EVINS asked and was given per­ piness." We should hear his long clear warn­ AN APPRAISAL OF MADISON-PARALLEL:J WITH THE ing that men will not long remain free if mission to extend his -remarks in two WORK OF JEFFERSON • government appropriates a large part of the instances and include extraneous mat­ Without doubt Jefferson and Madison were national wealth and 'income by taxation or ter. the ablest political figures produced in· the - any other means, or gravely impairs the pri­ . Mr. ADDONIZIO asked and was given Revolutionary period of .our Nation, and per­ vate ownership and use of wealth, or destroys permission to· extend his remarks and haps in all Am~rican history. Like Jeffer­ the initiative to produce wealth for indi­ include an article· on Jewish · Youth son, his intimate friend and neighbor, Madi­ vidual ownership and use. We can hear him son was the scholar and philosopher whose insisting that under our constitutional way Week. brilliant g .., :~ · us shaped the political doc- of life, "life, liberty, estate, and pursuit of Mr. C~LLER asked a·nd was given per­ . trines which made Madison the · political happiness" can be assured for all, labor, capi- mission to extend his remarks in three architect -of our National, State, and local . tal, agriculture, commerce, finance, minority instances. system of government. In this way Madison groups, and majority groups, and above all, Mr. ROOSEVELT , author­ and to include tips in the definition of wages, zens of the Republic of the Philippines, and izing the temporary admission into the and for other purposes; to the Committee on for other purposes"; to the Committee on United States, for shore leave purposes only, Ways and Means. For~ign Affairs. of alien seamen found to be excludible as By Mr. FARRINGTON: 308. A letter from the Secretary of the persons within one of the classes enumer­ H. R. 3397. A bill to make the calendar Army, transmitting a letter from the Chief ated in section 1 ( 2) of the provisions of fixed and perpetual; to the Committee on of Engineers, United States Army, dated section 6 (b) of the act of October 16, 1918, Foreign Affairs. December 12, 1950, submitting a report, to­ as amended by section 22 of the Internal By Mr. JAVITS: gether with accompanying papers and lllus­ Security Act of 1950; to the Committee on H. R. 3398. A bill to provide for promotion trations, on a preliminary examination and the Judiciary. by merit of employees in the postal service survey of Shoal Harbor and Compton Creek, 316. A letter from the Attorney General, and to establish uniform procedures for ex­ N. J., authorized by the River and Harbor transmitting a letter relative to the case of amination and appointment of candidates Act approved July 211 , 1946 (H. Doc. No. 89); Sofoclis Demosthenes Despotopoulos or for promotion to supervisory positions; to to the Committee on Public Works and Sofoclis Demos Despotopoulos or Sofos Des­ the Committee on Post Office and Civil ordered to be printed with illustrations. potoupoulos, file No. A-~507660 CR 28881, Service. 309. A letter from the Secretary of the requesting that it be withdrawn from those H. R. 3399. A bill to provide facilities in Army, transmitting a 'letter from the Chief now before the Congress and returned to the post offices for displaying information on of En'gineers, United States Army, dated jurisdiction of the Department of Justice; public officials and voting; to the Committee January 10, 1951, submitting a report, to­ to the Committee on the Judiciary, on Post Office and Civil Service. gether with accompanying paper$ and an 317. A letter from the Attorney General, By Mr. KEE: 11lustration, on a preliminary examination transmitting a letter relative to the case of H. R. 3400. A bill to authorize the trans­ and survey of anchorage at Lowes wharf, Arnalso Pacheco or Chico Pacheco, file No. mission and disposition by the Secretary of Talbot County, Md., authorized by the River A'-6965411 CR 27074, requesting that it be the Interior of electric energy generated at 2834 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 21 international dams on the Rio Grande; to By Mr. CARNAHAN: sion Act of 1951; to the Committee on Ways the Committee on Foreign Affairs. H. R. 3415. A bill relating to the acqu1s1- and Means. H. R. 3401. A bill to make certain increases tion of certain land in Pulaski County, Mo., Also, memorial of the Legislature of the in the annuities of annuitants under the adjacent to the Fort Leonard Wood Military State of Iowa, requesting the passage of ap­ Foreign Service retirement and disability sys­ Reservation; to the Committee on Armed propriate legislation specifically limiting the tem; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Services. Secretary of Agriculture in the use of direc­ By Mr. McGRATli: . By Mr. CUNNINGHAM: tives; to the Committee on Agriculture. H. R. 3402. A bill to amend the National H. R. 3416. A bill relating to Federal Also, memorial of the Legislature of the Service· Life Insurance Act of 1940 so as to financial assistance for certain school dis­ State of Massachusetts, relative to the appro­ permit payments to aunts and uncles of the tricts in which veterans' hospitals are sit­ priation of funds for the elimination of insured where the insurance matured prior uated; to the Committee on Education and pollution from the rivers, streams, inland and to August 1, 1946, and where the remaining Labor. tidal waters of the Commonwealth; to the proceeds of the insurance would otherwise By Mr. REECE of Tennessee: Committee on Public Works. remain unpaid; to the Committee on Vet­ H. R. 3417. A bill to authorize the TVA to Also, memorial of the Legislature of the erans' Affairs. purchase a tract of land; to the Committee State of Oregon, relative to the coastal fish­ By Mr. HERTER: on Public Works. eri.;s of the Pacific coast; to the Committee H. R. 3403. A bill to increase the efficiency By Mr. WALTER: on Foreign Affairs. of the postal service in that part of the Bos­ H. R. ·3418. A bill to amend section 17 of ton, Mass., suburban area in and around the Contract Settlement Act of 1944 so as to PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Newton by the discontinuance of certain authorize the payment of fair compensation branch post offices of the Boston post office to persons contracting to deliver certain Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private and the establishment of a separate post strategic or critical minerals or metals in bills anj resolutions were introduced and office and branch post offices thereof; to the cases of failure to recover reasonable costs, severally referred as follows: Committee on Post Office and Civil Service. and for other purposes; to the Committee on By Mr. ADDONIZIO: By Mr. KLEIN: the Judiciary. H. R. 3421. A bill for the relief of Sylvia H. R. 3404. A bill to amend the Nationality By Mr. CELLER: Schwarz; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Act of 1940 to provide expeditious natural­ H. R. 3419. A bill to amend the Nationality By Mr. ANFUSO: ization for persons serving in the Armed Act of 1940, to preserve the nationality of H. R. 3422. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Forces of the United States, and for other naturalized veterans, their wives, minor chil­ Stanislawa Karczewska Kilarski; to the Com­ purpose.s; to the Committee on the Judiciary. dren, and dependent parents; to the Com­ . mittee on the Judiciary. H. R. 3405. A bill to extend the benefits of mittee on the Judiciary. By Mr. BLATNIK: section 1 (c) of the Civil Service Retirement By Mr. HART: H. R . 3423. A bill for the relief of Sister Act. of May 29, 1930, as amended, ·to em­ H. R. 3420. A bill to authorize the Admin­ Constantina (Teresia Kakonyi); to the Com­ ployees wh<:> are involuntarily separated after istrator of Veterans' Affairs to reimburse cer­ mittee on the Judiciary. having rendered 20 years of service but prior tain contractors and subcontractors sustain­ By Mr. I'ARRINGTON: to attainment of age 55; to the Committee ing losses in the construction of hospitals H. R. 3424. A bill for the relief of Yumi o'n Post Office and Civil Service. .and other buildings or facilities for the Vet­ Horiuchi; to the Committee on the Judiciary . By Mrs. CHURCH: erans' Administration and to confer juris­ H. R. 3425. A bill for tb~ relief of Mrs. : H. R. 3406. A bill to create a commission diction on the Court of Claims to hear and Chang Soon Lii; to the Committee en the to make a study of the administration of determine such claims after action of the Judiciary. overseas activities of the Government and to Administration thereon; to the Committee H. R. 3426. A bill for the relief of Sui Kin make recommendations to Congress with re­ on Veterans' Affairs. Chun; to the Committee on the Judi,.ciary. spect thereto; to the Committee on Expendi­ By Mr. FOGARTY: H. R. 3427. A blll for the relief of Mitsuko tures in the Executive Departments. H. J. Res. 216. Joint resolution to negoti­ Takahashi; to the Committee on the By Mr. JACKSON of Washington: ate a new treaty of peace with Italy; to the Judiciary. H. R. 3407. A bill to extend the time within Committee on Foreign Affairs. H. R. 3428. A bill for the relief of Mitsuo which veterans of World War II on active By Mr. MACK Of Illinois: Arita;. to the Committee on the Judiciary. duty on or after June 27, 1950, may initiate H.J. Res. 217. Joint resolution to create a By Mr. HULL: and receive education and training under commission to consider and formulate plans H. R. 3429. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Veterans Regulation No. 1 (a); to the Com­ for the erection and presentation in Cara­ JuJia Gamrath; to the C< mmittee on the mittee on Veterans' Affairs. cas, Venezuela, of a statue of Abraham Lin­ Judiciary. By Mr. KEATING: . coln, in response to Venezuela's generous gift By Mr. McCORMACK: H. R. 3408. A blll to amend the Clayton to the United States of a statue of its great H. R. 3430. A bill for the relief of the Act by granting a right of action to the patriot, Simon Bolivar; to the Committee on estate of Nora B. Kennedy; t (l the Committee United States to recover damages under the Foreign Affairs. on the Judiciary. antitrust laws, establishing a uniform statute By Mr. ROOSEVELT: H. R. 3431. A bill for the relief of Mrs. of limitations, and for other purposes; to the H. Con. Res. 84. Concurrent resolution to Ann R. Norton; to the Committee on the Committee on the Judiciary. strengthen the United Nations; to the Com­ Judiciary. . . By Mr. MACK of Illinois: mittee on Foreign Affairs. By Mr. McKINNON: H. R. 3409. A bill to provide pension for H. R. 3432. A bill for the relief of William certain widows of recipients of the Medal of Hewson; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Honor; to the Committee on Veterans' MEMORIALS By Mr. MORANO: Affairs. Under clause 3 of rule XXII, memo­ H. R. 3433. A bill to adjust the status of By Mr. REED of New York: rials were presented and referred as fol­ nine displaced persons in the United States H. R. 3410. A bill relating to t~e treatment lows: who do not meet all the requirements of of powers of appointment for estate- and section 4 of the Displaced Persons Act; to By Mr. DEMPSEY: Memorial of the Twen­ the Committee on the Judiciary. gift-tax purposes; to the Committee on Ways tieth Legislature cif the State of New Mexico, and Means. memorializing the Congress of the United PETITIONS, ETC. H. R. 3411. A bill relating to exclusion from States, and the New Mexico Representatives gross income of income from discharge of therein, to oppose the diafting of 18-year­ Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions indebtedness; to the Committee on Ways and old youths; to the Committee on Armed and papers were la~. d on the Clerk's desk Means. Services. and ref erred as follows: H. R. 3412. A bill to amend section 113 (b) Also, memorial of the Twentieth Legisla­ 159. By Mr. GRAHAM: Petition of 24 resi­ (1) (B) of the Internal Revenue Code with ture, State of New Mexico, memorializing the dents of Beaver County, :!:'a., members of the respect to the adjustment of the basis of President of the United States to im­ College Hill Presbyt ' rian Church, urging property for depreciation, obsolescence, mediately go on record as favoring the estab­ passagf of no measure for universal military amortization, and depletion; to the Commit­ lishment of a Veterans' Administration in­ training· that does not include the recom­ tee on Ways and Means. termediary hospital and reha)Jilitation cen­ mendations of the President's Advisory Com­ By Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN: ter at Truth or Consequences (Hot Springs), mission on universal military training call­ H. R. 3413. A bill to provide that the tax N. Mex., with a strong department of physi­ ing for limitation of the opportunities for on transportation of persons shall not apply cal medicine; to the Committee on Veterans' the purchase by trainees of any alcoholic in the case of a member of the Armed Forces Affairs. beverages, including beel', through (a) pro­ traveling for the purpose of visiting his Also, memorial of the Twentieth Legis­ hibiting the· sale thereof to them of any home; to the Committee on -Ways and lature of the State of New Mexico, memo­ military, naval, or other camp reservation, Means. rializing the Congress of the United States or in any post exchange, ship's store, or can­ By Mr. LESINSKI: to build a post office building at Bernalillo, ·teen (b) declaring off-limits to trainees H. R. 3414. A bill to extend coverage under N. Mex.; to the Committee on Public Works. all taverns, taprooms, and similar facilities the Social Security Act to additional Federal By the SPEAKER: Memorial of the Legis­ whQse principal business is selling alcoholic officers and employees, and for other pur­ lature of the State of Idaho, requesting the beverages; to the Committeq on Armed poses; to the Committee on Ways and Means. amending of the Trade Agreement Exten- Services. 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 2835

160. Also; petition c. f 54 residents of Bea:ver ENROLLED BILL SIGNED AMENDMENT OF MATERIALS ACT RELATING TO C"unty, Pa., urging passage of no measure DISPOSAL1 OF MATERIALS ON PUBLIC LANDS for universal military training that does not The message also announced that the Speaker had affixed his signature to the A letter from the Assistant Secretary of include the recommendations of the Presi­ the Interior, transmitting a draft of pro­ dent's Advisory Commission on universal enrolled bill