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Play Together, Learn Together Anagrams-Palindromes-Semordnilaps Anagrams, Palindromes, and Semordnilaps Bob & George (Bob Albrecht & George Firedrake) • [email protected] This FREE eBook is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license. You may give this eBook free to anyone. You may use it in other ways described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/. Play is the work of the child. – Friedrich Froebel, Jean Piaget, and others When tools become toys, then work becomes play. – Bernie De Koven Word play is fun. We love word play with anagrams, palindromes, and semordnilaps. We think they are words of wonder for learners and teachers AT ANY GRADE LEVEL – 1, 2, 3, up, up, and away! This eBook presents • 2-letter anagrams, palindromes, and semordnilaps from aa to zz. • 3-letter anagrams, palindromes, and semordnilaps from aaa to mzz. Not in this eBook: 3-letter anagrams, palindromes, and semordnilaps from naa to zzz. We invite you and your students to add anagrams, palindroms, and semordnilaps from naa to zzz. For more ado about anagrams, palindromes, and semordnilaps, download our eBook Play Together, Learn Together: WordsWorth Plus at • http://i-a-e.org/downloads/free-ebooks-by-bob-albrecht.html In this eBook, anagrams, palindromes, and semordnilaps are special words that appear in the Official Scrabble Player’s Dictionary, 5th edition, a great resource for any classroom. The image over yonder to your right was pilfered from Amazon. On 2017-08-08, Amazon proffered the Official Scrabble Player’s Dictionary, 5th edition for less than $5. If we were classroom teachers, we would buy a bunch of Scrabble dictionaries! Writing ‘Official Scrabble Player’s Dictionary, 5th edition’ is a tad tedious, so we will sometimes call it the OSPD5. Who are Bob & George? Bob is an 87-year-old human (as of February 2017). George is a dragon. We write math & science eBooks and post them for free download and use as PDF files and Word files at http://i-a-e.org/downloads/cat_view/86-free-ebooks-by-bob-albrecht.html Read about Bob & George at http://iae-pedia.org/Robert_Albrecht 1 Play Together, Learn Together Anagrams-Palindromes-Semordnilaps Table of Contents (TOC) About Anagrams, Palindromes, and Semordnilaps Two-Letter Anagrams, Palindromes, and Semordnilaps Three-Letter Anagrams, Palindromes, and Semordnilaps The End of Permutations aaa-mzz Your Turn: Your students can continue Table 02 for permutations naa-zzz All 2-Letter and 3-Letter Words in this eBook The End DragonFun image by Marcie Hawthorne http://marciehawthorne.com 2 Play Together, Learn Together Anagrams-Palindromes-Semordnilaps About Anagrams, Palindromes, and Semordnilaps | TOC anagram a word made by changing the order of the letters in another word. Change the order of the letters in cat to get act – cat and act are anagrams. Change the order of the letters in art to get rat or tar. Yep, art, rat, and tar are anagrams. You can find an abundance of anagrams on the Internet. We searched for ‘anagram’ and got 5,000,000 hits. Here are some anagrams that we found: • ah ha • ate eat eta tea • arts rats star tars tsar • abode adobe • loops pools sloop spool • capers pacers parsec spacer scrape palindrome a word that reads the same forward and backward, such as aha, toot, and radar. There are also numbers that are palindromes, such as 77, 454, 3003, and 12345678987654321. Clever people have constructed palindromes that are phrases, sentences, paragraphs, poems, and books. • Three-letter palindromes: aha bib dad did gag hah mom oho pep wow • Four-letter palindromes: abba esse deed noon peep toot • Five-letter palindromes: civic level madam radar refer rotor To peruse a proliferation of palindromes, search the Internet for ‘palindrome’. reverse A word or non-word obtained by reversing the order of the letters of another word or string of letters. For example, the reverse of hobbit is tibboh, which is not a word in our dictionary. The reverse of now is won, which is a word. • The reverse of aha is aha, which is the same word. If the reverse of a word is the same word, the word is a palindrome. • If the reverse of a word is a different word, the two words are semordnilaps – now and won are semordnilaps. semordnilap a word that is the reverse of a different word. If you read a word backward and get a different word, then the two words are semordnilaps. • Two-letter semordnilaps: ah and ha, eh and he, em and me, it and ti. • Three-letter semordnilaps: are and era, not and ton, pot and top, saw and was. • Four-letter semordnilaps: doom and mood, loop and pool, rats and star. • 11-letter semordnilaps: palindromes and semordnilap. Aha! The word semordnilap is the word palindromes spelled backward. A semordnilap is a special type of anagram. If a word is a semordnilap, then it is an anagram. The converse is not true: a word may be an anagram, but not be a semordnilap. The words alp, lap, and pal are anagrams. Lap and pal are semordnilaps. However, alp and lap are not semordnilaps, and alp and pal are not semordnilaps. 3 Play Together, Learn Together Anagrams-Palindromes-Semordnilaps string a sequence of characters. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_(computer_science . A string might be a word: the 3-letter string ate is a word. A string might not be a word: the 3-letter string aet is not a word. permutation an arrangement, or ordering, of a set of objects. See Permutation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permutation . • There are two permutations of the string ab: ab and ba. • There are six permutations of abc: abc, acb, bac, bca, cab, and cba. • The letter a appears twice in aha, so the number of different permutations of aha is less than six. There are three different permutations of aha: aha, aah, and haa. A 3-letter string consisting of three different letters has six different permutations. The six permutations of the 3-letter string aet are aet, ate, eat, eta, tae, and tea. • The 3-letter string aet has three different letters: a, e, and t. • The 3-letter string aet has six different permutations: aet, ate, eat, eta, tae, and tea. • Permutations of aet that are OSPD5 words: ate, eat, eta, and tea. These words are anagrams. • Permutations of aet that are palindromes: none. • Permutations of aet that are reverses of each other: aet and tea, ate and eta, eat and tae. • Permutations of aet that are semordnilaps: ate and eta. • Permutations of aet that are not OSPD5 words: aet and tae. Internet: String (computer science) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_(computer_science) Permutation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permutation Anagram https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anagram Palindrome https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palindrome Semordnilap https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/semordnilap ONWARD to 2-letter and 3-letter anagrams, palindromes, and semordnilaps! 4 Play Together, Learn Together Anagrams-Palindromes-Semordnilaps Two-Letter Anagrams, Palindromes, and Semordnilaps | TOC We have proofread Table 01 twice and put two check marks () after each bunch of table entries. Both times we found and corrected errors. We suspect that there are still errrors. You and your students can find our mistrakes, fix them, and have a better list of permutations, anagrams, palindromes, and semordnilaps than we present. Yeah! Table 01 2-Letter permutations, words, anagrams, palindromes, and semordnilaps Source: The Official Scrabble Player’s Dictionary, 5th edition (OSPD5) Source: The Internet. Search for ‘two-letter scrabble words’ Permutations are listed only if at least one permutation is an OSPD5 word. aa-az permutations words, anagrams palindromes semordnilaps aa aa aa aa ab ab ba ab ba ab & ba ad ad da ad da ad & da ae ae ea ae af af fa fa ag ag ga ag ah ah ha ah ha ah & ha ai ai ia ai ak ak ka ka al al la al la al & la am am ma am ma am & ma an an na an na an & na ap ap pa pa ar ar ra ar as as sa as at at ta at ta at & ta aw aw wa aw ax ax xa ax ay ay ya ay ya ay & ya az az za za ba-bz permutations words, anagrams palindromes semordnilaps ba ba ab ba ab ba & ab be be eb be bi bi ib bi bo bo ob bo by by yb by 5 Play Together, Learn Together Anagrams-Palindromes-Semordnilaps ca-cz No permutations of 2-letter strings ca to cz are OSPD5 words da-dz permutations words, anagrams palindromes semordnilaps da da ad da ad da & ad de de ed de ed de & ed di di id id do do od do od do & od ea-ez permutations words, anagrams palindromes semordnilaps ea ea ae ae eb eb be be ed ed de ed de ed & ed ef ef fe ef fe ef & fe eh eh he eh he eh & he el el le el em em me em me em & me en en ne en ne en & ne eo eo oe oe ep ep pe pe er er re er re er & re es es se se et et te et ew ew we we ex ex xe ex ey ey ye ye fa-fz permutations words, anagrams palindromes semordnilaps fa fa af fa fe fe ef fe ef fe & ef fi fi if if fo fo of of ga-gz permutations words, anagrams palindromes semordnilaps ga ga ag ag gi gi ig gi go go og go ha-hz permutations words, anagrams palindromes semordnilaps ha ha ah ha ah ha & ah he he eh he eh he & eh hi hi ih hi hm hm mh hm 6 Play Together, Learn Together Anagrams-Palindromes-Semordnilaps ho ho oh ho oh ho & oh hs hs sh sh hu hu uh uh ia-iz permutations words, anagrams palindromes semordnilaps ia ia ai ai ib ib bi bi id id di id if if fi if ig ig gi gi ih ih hi hi ik ik ki ki il il li li im im mi mi in in ni in io io oi oi ip ip pi pi iq iq qi qi is is si is si is & si it it ti it ti it & ti ix ix xi xi ja-jx permutations words, anagrams palindromes semordnilaps jo jo oj jo ka-kz permutations words, anagrams palindromes semordnilaps ka ka ak ka
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