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OSMRE: Blasting Guidance Manual

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OSMRE: Blasting Guidance Manual ,· Subject Number: U.S. OEPART11ENT OF THE INTERIOR TGR- 1 OFFICE oF SuRFAcE MINING Transm1 tta I Number: RECLAMATION AND ENFORCEHENT 315 Date: DIRECTIVES SYSTEM 1/28/87 Subject: OSMRE Blasting Guidance ~anual """ .i Approva I: Title: Director 7 1. PURPOSE. This directive is to inform ell OSMRE employees of the availability of the OSMRE Blasting Guidance Manual. This manual was developed to giv~ guidance to regulatory authorities, the public and industry on the use of explosives and the examination and certification of blasters. 2. DEFINITIONS. None 3. POLICY/PROCEDURES. The OSMRE Blasting Guidance Manual.was developed to give guidance to regulatory authorities, the public and industry on the use of •explosives and the examination and certification of blasters. This document also satisfies a commitment the agency made in the preamble to the Use of Explosives regulations (48 FR 9801, March 8, 1983) that a technical guidance document would be made available demonstrating the application of the modified scaled distance equation and determination of predominant frequency in the use of the alternate blasting criteria found in 30 CFR 816/817.67(d)(4). The manual can also b9 used to partially meet the blaster training requirements of 30 CFR 850.13. 4. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS. None 5. REFERENCES. Se~ attached appendix 6. EFFECT ON OTHER DOCUMENTS. None 7. EFFECTIVE DATE. Upon issuance 8. CONTACT. OS!'!RE, liFO, Standards and Evaluation Branch, Michael Rosenthal, Chief, (303) 844-2756, (FTS) 564-2756. ) OSH For.n 2~-1 6t ~3/i9 BLASTING GUIDANCE MANUAL By Michael F. Rosenthal and Gregory L. Morlock With contributions by John L. H. Simmance, James W. Reil, G. Alan Foster, Thomas W. Nowtny, and Dennis A. Clark March 1987 Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Figure 1. Surface Mine Blasts. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION •.••••••••••• .................................... 1 CHAPTER 1 Pre-Blast S'urveys • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 3 CHAPTER 2 Blast Vibrations: Basic Principles and Parameters •••.••.• 11 CHAPTER 3 Control of Adverse Effects............................... 15 Airblast. • • . • . • • . • . • . • . • • • . • • . • • . • . • 15 Flyrock. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 20 GrOl.li'ld. Motion. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 22 CHAPTER 4 D811lB.ge • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 29 :Definition of Damage. • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • . • • • • • • . • • • • • • 29 Airblas t Damage. • • • • . • . • • • • • • • . • • . • • • • . • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • 30 Flyrock Damage. • • • • . • • • • . • . • • • • • • • . • . • • • • . • • • • • • • • • . 30 Grotmd fution Damage. • • • • . • . • . • • • • . • • . • • . • • • • • • • . • . • • 31 CHAPTER 5 Human Subjective Tolerance ••••• .......................... 35 CHAPTER 6 Causes of Excessive Adverse Effects ••••..•••••.•..•••••.• 39 Airblast. .39 Flyr'ock............................................... 42 Grolnld. Motion. • . • . • . • • . • • • . • . • . • . • • • • • • • • . • • 43 CHAPTER 7 Vibration Monitoring..................................... 45 Airblast Monitoring................................... 45 Gro\nld Motion Moni taring. • • . • . • . • • • • • . • • • • • . • • • • . 48 CHAPTER 8 InstnJIIleiltation. • • • • • . • • • • • • . • • . • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • . • • • • . • 55 The Peak Recorder. • • . • . • . • • • . • • • . • . • . • . • • . • . • . 55 The Wavefom Recorder •••••••.. ·• .• . • . • . • . • . • • • . • • . • . 57 iii Table of Contents - Contd. PAGE CHAPTER 9 Compliance Options Available to the Operator ••••••••••••• 73 Option 1: Maximum Peak Particle Velocity .••..••••••..• 74 Option 2: Scaled Distance Equation •••.••••••••••••.••. 75 Option 3: !~fied Scaled Distance ••.••••••••••••••.•• 76 Option 4: Blasting Level Chart •....•.•.•..••.•..•••..• 80 CHAPTER 10 Prediction and Control Methods ••..•....•....•..•.•..•.••• 85 Predictive data: Usage for Modified Ds •••••••••••••••• 88 Predictive data: Usage for Blasting Level Chart and General Predictive Purposes •••••••••..••••.•••••• 90 CHAPTER 11 Frequency Considerations .•.•.•...•.•.•..•.•.••.••••.••••• 93 CHAPTER 12 Record Keeping. 101 CHAPTER 13 Citizen Interests. 109 Rights and protections under OSMRE regulations •••••••• 109 The prevention of injury to persons •••••••••••••••.••• 110 The prevention of damage to property •••••••••••••••••• 111 Pre-Blast S\lrVeys ................................... •. 113 Blas~ing times and schedules ...............•...••.•... 114 Perceived blast vibration effects ••••••••••••.•••••••• 115 Actual blast vibration effects •.••••.•••.••••••••••.•• 116 Armoyance • ••••••••••.••••••.•••••••••.••••••••••• ·•• • • • 117 Actual blast damage criteria •.....•..•.•••..•.•.••.•.• 120 Specific complaint procedures ......................... 122 Regulatory Authorities. 124 APPENDIX I AI Regression .Arlalysis • ••.• , •.•••.••.•.•••••.••••• , . • • • . • . • • 131 Notes on data collection •.•.•..••.•••.•.•••.•.•••.•.•• 133 Notes on data recording • . , .....•.•.• , .•.•• , • • • • • • • • • • . 133 OSMRE approv~ regression analysis program: LISTING. • • 135 OSMRE approved regression analysis program: USE. • • • • • • 150 OSMRE approved regression analysis program: EXAMPLE ••• 151 Notes on Vibra-Tech regression analysis program ••••••• 156 Example of Vibra-Tech regression analysis (same data as in OSMRE program above) ....................... 158 Example of regression curve (VTE analysis same data) •• 161 iv Table of Contents - Contd. APPENDIX 'A' (Continued) Example of "Blaster Aid" Curve (VTE analysis etc.) .••••.. 162 Vibra-Tech regression analysis calculator program ••••.••• 163 APPENDIX I BI Useful Foillllllae. 169 APPENDIX 'C' Glossary. 173. APPENDIX I DI Bibliography. 199 IWJSTRATIONS AND FIGURES FIG. PAGE 1. Surface Mine Blasts .•.•.•••...•.••.....••...••.•..••.•..• ii 2. Pre-blast Survey: Documenting defects •..•.•.••.••••.••••• 3 3. Tape recording defects . ................................. 7 4. Pre-prepared inspection form .. .......................... Sa 5. Pre-prepared inspection fonn . ........................... Bb 6. Surface and 'bcxly waves . ................................. 11 7. Types of ground motion vibrational waves .••...•...•••...• 12 8. Compression, tension and shearing effects .••.•.••••••.••. 13 9. Vibration parameter relationships ..•....•..•..•..••...••. 14 10. Relationship between dB linear and psi ••.•••••.••••••••.• 17 11. Explosive casting . ...................................... 20 12. Alternative blasting level criteria .••••.•••..••••.•••... 24 13. Good public relations efforts assist subjective problems. 36 14. Weather effects on airblast •...••...•••.•.....••.••.••••. 40 15. Weather effects on airblast ..•••.•••••....•...•..••.••.•• 40 16. Weather effects on airblast •.••....••.•..••..••.••..•..•• 40 17. Weather effects on ai.rblast. I •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 40 18. Proper stemming effectively reduces airblast ••••...•••... 41 19. Field rnoni toring . ....................................... 46 20. Monitoring ground motion and air blast •••..••••••.•••.•.• 48 21. Instr1..1Plent placeinent I •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 49 22. Sandbag & spike transducer head to achieve good coupling. 51 23. Dallas InstrtliTlents VS-3 ................................. 63 24. Dallas InstrtUllents BT-4 . ................................ 63 25. Dallas Instrl..lJJlents ST-4 .. I •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 64 26. Dallas Instruments ST-4D .•.•••..•...••••..••••.•..•.••••. 64 27(a). Digital Vibration Teleblast ••.•.•..•••....•••..•..•.••.•• 65 27(b). Digital Vibration Teleblast •.••..••..••••••.•••..••.•.••• 65 27(c). Digital Vibration Teleblast ••••.•••.••••••..••...••.•.••. 66 v Illustrations & Figures - Contd. FIG. PAGE 28. Philip R. Berger & Associates SSU II •••••..••••.•..••••.. 66 29. Philip R. Berger & Associates SSU 10000 ...••••.•.•••••..• 67 30. Slo}:)e Indicator S-2 .................... , ... ,, .. ,, .. ,,,,., 67 31. Slope Indicator S-3...................................... 68 32. Slope Indicator S-6...................................... 68 33. Sprengnether Instruments VS-1200 ..••••..•••.•••...•••.••• 69 34. Sprengnether Instruments VS-1600 ...••..•....•••..••.•..•• 69 35. Vibra-Tech/VME Vibra-Tape GMS-4 .•••.•••••••••.••••••••••• 70 36. Vibra-Tech/VME Series 5000............................... 70 37. Vibra-Tech/VME Seistector •..•••...••..••.••••...••••.•••. 71 38. Vibra-Tech/VME VR Model F................................ 71 39. Vibra-Tech/VME VR Model G. •. .. • . .• . .. • 72 40. Typical computer printout of blast vibration waveforms .•• 80 41. Calculation of frequency for a simple waveform •••.•••..•• 94 42. Fourier amplitude spectrum for a simple waveform •.•••••.• 95 43. Analog waveform with high and low frequency components ..• 95 44. Analog waveform with two frequencies showing the effect of phase relationships. • . • • • . • • • • . • • . • • • • . • • . • • . • . 96 45. Calculation of frequency for a waveform with two pre.dominatlt frequencies. 96 46. Restuts of digital filtering •••.•.•.•.•••..•.••••..•••..• 97 47. Fourier amplitude spectrum for a waveform with two predominarlt frequencies................................ 97 48. Analysis of blast vibration waveform with three frequency components. 98 49. Response spectrum of a blast vibration
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