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Distribution and Fate of Energetics on Dod Test and Training Ranges: Final Report Judith C

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Distribution and Fate of Energetics on Dod Test and Training Ranges: Final Report Judith C ERDC TR-06-13 ERDC TR-06-13 Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program Distribution and Fate of Energetics on DoD Test and Training Ranges: Final Report Judith C. Pennington, Thomas F. Jenkins, Guy Ampleman, November 2006 Sonia Thiboutot, J. M. Brannon, Alan D. Hewitt, Jeff Lewis, Sylvie Brochu, Emmanuela Diaz, Michael R. Walsh, Marianne E. Walsh, Susan Taylor, Jason C. Lynch, Jay Clausen, Thomas A. Ranney, Charles A. Ramsey, Charolett A. Hayes, Clarence L. Grant, Charles M. Collins, Susan R. Bigl, Sally Yost and Katerina Dontsova Engineer Research Engineer Research Center and Development Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. This report was prepared under contract to the Department of Defense Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP). The publication of this report does not indicate endorsement by the Department of Defense, nor should the contents be construed as reflecting the official policy or position of the Department of Defense. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the Department of Defense. Strategic Environmental Research ERDC TR-06-13 and Development Program November 2006 Distribution and Fate of Energetics on DoD Test and Training Ranges: Final Report Judith C. Pennington and J. M. Brannon U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center Environmental Laboratory 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS 39180-6199 Thomas F. Jenkins, Alan D. Hewitt, Michael R. Walsh, Marianne E. Walsh, Susan Taylor, Jay Clausen, Charles M. Collins, and Susan R. Bigl U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 72 Lyme Road, Hanover, NH 03755-1290 Guy Ampleman, Sonia Thiboutot, Sylvie Brochu, Jeff Lewis, and Emmanuela Diaz Defence Research and Development Canada - Valcartier 2459 Pie XI Blvd North, Val-Bélair, Québec, G3J 1X5 Jason C. Lynch U.S. Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996 Thomas A. Ranney Science and Technology Corporation, Hanover, NH 03755 Charles A. Ramsey EnviroStat, Inc., P.O. Box 636, Fort Collins, CO 80522-0636 Charolett A. Hayes, Sally Yost, and Katerina Dontsova Computer Sciences Corporation 3530 Manor Drive, Suite 4, Vicksburg, MS 39180 Clarence L. Grant University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 Final report Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Prepared for Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program Arlington, VA 22203 ERDC TR-06-13 ii Abstract: Access to live-fire training ranges is vital in maintaining the readiness of our Armed Forces. Understanding the nature of residue deposition and fate is critical to ensuring sound management of ranges. The objective of this project was to characterize residues of high explosives on training ranges. Residues were evaluated by sampling on various types of ranges across the U.S. and Canada. Deposition from high-order and low-order detonations, demolition, including blow-in-place, was charac- terized. Environmental transport parameters were developed to support estimates of site-specific source terms for risk assessment and ground- water models. Protocols were developed for characterizing soils containing the highly distributed solid formulations typical of ranges. Results demon- strated that residues are specific to range activities. Demolition areas, low- order detonations sites, and firing positions have great potential for accumulation of residues. Demolition typically generates small areas of relatively high concentrations. Low-order detonations generate primarily large solid particles reflecting the predetonation composition. Artillery impact areas tend to have widely distributed, low concentrations. Firing positions may exhibit high concentrations of propellants. This project defines the characteristics, distribution, and potential environment trans- port of explosives residues on training ranges and provides a scientific basis for development of reasonable control measures. DISCLAIMER: The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising, publication, or promotional purposes. Citation of trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products. All product names and trademarks cited are the property of their respective owners. The findings of this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents. DESTROY THIS REPORT WHEN NO LONGER NEEDED. DO NOT RETURN IT TO THE ORIGINATOR. ERDC TR-06-13 iii Contents Figures and Tables.................................................................................................................................vi Preface....................................................................................................................................................ix Notation ................................................................................................................................................ xii 1 Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 1 Background .............................................................................................................................. 1 Rationale ...................................................................................................................................... 1 Regulatory issues......................................................................................................................... 1 Scope of ER-1155 .................................................................................................................... 2 Objectives ................................................................................................................................. 3 Leveraged studies .................................................................................................................... 4 Additional information and reports ......................................................................................... 9 References..............................................................................................................................10 2 Identity and Distribution of Residues of Energetic Compounds at Military Live-Fire Training Ranges............................................................................................................................11 Introduction ............................................................................................................................11 Methods..................................................................................................................................12 Soil sampling ..............................................................................................................................12 Sample processing and subsampling.......................................................................................13 Results and discussion ..........................................................................................................16 Hand grenade ranges ................................................................................................................16 Anti-tank rocket range impact areas.........................................................................................21 Anti-tank range firing points ......................................................................................................25 Artillery ranges ...........................................................................................................................28 Artillery range firing points ........................................................................................................30 Samples from areas at artillery ranges away from impact areas and firing points ...............33 Artillery range target areas........................................................................................................35 Artillery ranges near low-order (partial) detonations ...............................................................38 Bombing ranges .........................................................................................................................41 Demolition ranges......................................................................................................................46 Residue mobility.........................................................................................................................48 Detonation craters and UXO presence .....................................................................................50 Summary and conclusions ....................................................................................................52 References..............................................................................................................................55 3 Transport Parameters for Firing Range Residues ....................................................................60 Introduction ............................................................................................................................60 Dissolution experiments ........................................................................................................61 Transport parameters ............................................................................................................65
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