Ninja Forms Field 847

EBTC

2019 SYLLABUS

MASTER OF DIVINITY BI 726 BIBLE GEOGRAPHY

Dr. Bruce Alvord

EBTC-ONLINE.ORG/MASTER Course Syllabus

COURSE DESCRIPTION

A survey of the principal physical features of the land of Israel and a review of the most important aspects of historical geography in the Old and New Testaments. Special attention will be given to the relationship between Israel’s geography and the biblical events connected with it, as well as interpreting and applying select biblical texts that have significant geographical meaning. Photographs, video clips, reconstructions, and a wide variety of maps help the students to picture and understand these aspects of the Bible.

COURSE GOALS

Learning Outcomes: Overview

This section shows you how this class contributes to the purposes of the M.Div. program, as a part of fulfilling the mission of the European Bible Training Center.

EBTC Mission Statement

The European Bible Training Center exists to equip godly men to the pastors and/or trainers of pastors for service to Christ in strategic fields of Christian ministry through an educational program and an environment of spiritual fellowship and relationships which emphasize unreserved commitment to the worship of God, submission to the authority of the Scriptures, a life of personal holiness, the priority of the local church, and the mission of penetrating the world with the Truth.

M.Div. Program Purpose Statement

The Master of Divinity Program is designed to provide a broad biblical theological understanding, personal growth, and professional preparation for church or mission vocations requiring ordination.

M.Div. Program Learning Outcomes

PLO #1: As a future elder, pastor, missionary or educator, comprehend the significant areas of Biblical Interpretation, Biblical Languages, Christian Theology and Pastoral ministry.

PLO #2: As a future elder/pastor, construct a personal philosophy of ministry with application to the desired vocational goals.

PLO #3: As a future teacher of the Scripture, synthesize the input of Biblical languages, Bible backgrounds and theological constructs to preach and teach the Bible to varied age levels and abilities within any ministry context.

PLO #4: As a future spiritual leader, exhibit the disciplines of holiness, prayer, and compassion required for ministry.

Division of Old Testament Studies Purpose Statement

It is essential that the student of biblical studies obtain the tools necessary for an accurate interpretation and a deeper appreciation of the text of the OT. The OT which we accept as the Word of God was written originally in the Hebrew and Aramaic languages of the ancient Near East. Any student of Scripture who wishes to heighten his expertise in the exposition of the literature of the OT must have some acquaintance with its original languages. According to the historical declaration of our faith, the final authority for resolving questions of interpretation resides in the original languages of the Scriptures. Our historic faith also declares that we believe in providing translations of the Word of God in the heart languages of those who do not know the original languages of Scripture. Whether in the realm of preaching or teaching or translation, the student must obtain a certain degree of proficiency in the biblical languages if he is to be properly prepared for ministry.

Division of Old Testament Studies Learning Outcomes

DLO #1: As a translator, demonstrate competency with vocabulary, basic grammar, and standard tools to translate simple biblical Hebrew texts.

DLO #2: As a scholar, implement a sound research methodology to interpret the Hebrew Bible.

DLO #3: As an exegete, produce an exegetical project reflecting accuracy in critical thinking and writing.

DLO #4: As an expositor, write a sermon combining accurate translation and exegesis of the Hebrew text with reliable practical and theological implications.

Student Learning Outcomes: This Course

Upon our mutual, diligent completion of this course of study, you will be able to:

SLO #1: Increase your interest in the Holy Land and your love for the Bible.

SLO #2: Identify the major regions, significant geographical features and important biblical sites in Israel/Palestine, and use this in your study of the Bible, teaching and preaching.

SLO #3: Better understand and remember biblical events because you can connect them with where they occurred geographically.

SLO #4: Teach the Bible with more vividness and accuracy.

Course Alignment Grid

SLO #1 SLO #2 SLO #3 SLO#4

Reading X X X X Presentation X X X X Final Exam X X Course Project X X X

COURSE SCHEDULE

(note: all written assignments will be turned in via Moodle, in both PDF and Word formats, and reading assignments will be reported via Moodle)

Date Topic Assignment

Class-time assignments 1 Oct 26 Live-Online Session 1: Due: 26.10.

o Why study Bible Reading: Geography? Book: Beitzel o Overarching characteristics of the Book review: land. Book: Beitzel o 30 foundational objects. o The setting and general topography of Palestine. o Coastal Plain.

2 Nov 2 Live-Online Session 2:

o Oral Quizzing on the (1) Review previous lecture previous week’s notes and prepare for oral material. quizzing on that material at the o Coastal Plain – start of class. Know and be able Jezreel Valley, Mt to identify the 30 key objects. Carmel, Plains of Sharon, Philistia and (2) Work on required readings the Shephelah. and book reports. o Hill Country – Nazareth, Cana Galilee, Jerusalem, Bethlehem.

3 Nov 9 Live-Online Session 3:

o Oral Quizzing on the (1) Review previous lecture lecture material notes and prepare for oral already covered. quizzing at the start of class. o Jordan Valley Rift.

o Capernaum, Mt of (2) Work on required readings Beatitudes, Tiberius, and book reports. Jericho, Qumran.

4 Nov 16 Live-Online Session 4: Due: 13.11.

o Oral Quizzing on the Reading: lecture material Books: Beck; Martin; Murphy- already covered. O'Connor o Ein Gedi, Masada, Sodom and Book Reviews: Gomorrah. Books: Beck; Martin; Murphy- o Eastern Range, O'Connor climate in Palestine. o Roads and Highways: International and Review previous lecture notes Internal. and prepare for oral quizzing at o Key Rivers and Mts in the start of class. Palestine.

5 Nov 23 Live-Online Session 5:

o Oral Quizzing – (1) Continue to review all the preparation for the previous lecture notes and final exam. prepare for oral quizzing at the o Location of the Red start of class. Sea crossing – where did it happen? (2) Begin review for the final o Mt Sinai – where was exam. it located? o The Tabernacle. o Joshua’s 3 Campaigns. o Divisions of the land.

6 Dec 7 Live-Online Session 6:

o Oral Quizzing – (1) Review previous lecture preparation for the notes and prepare for oral final exam. quizzing at the start of class. o Geography of the Life of Christ. (2) Prepare for the final exam. o Jerusalem. o Paul’s Journeys.

o 7 Churches of Revelation.

Post-session assignments 7 Final Exam Due: 11.12.19

Final Exam

8 Course Project Due: 15.01.20

Written Course Project

9 Presentation Due: 09.02.20

Oral Presentation

Course Schedule Information

This class is a “Live-Online Class,” therefore the following schedule applies: 3 Unit class (CET) Live-Online (Zoom) 03:00 – 04:30 PM 26th of Oct. to 7th of Dec. 2019 04:45 – 06:15 PM Ca. 40 hours of class time 07:00 – 08:30 PM Ca. 90 hours of homework 08:45 – 09:30 PM

COURSE ASSIGNMENTS a) Reading

1. Books a) Beitzel, Barry J. The New Moody Atlas of Bible Lands. Chicago: Moody Press, 2009. (276 pp) b) Beck, John A. The Holy Land for Christian Travelers: An Illustrated Guide to Israel. Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 2017. (246 pp) c) Martin, James C., John A. Beck, and David G. Hansen. A Visual Guide to Bible Events: Fascinating Insights into Where They Happened and Why. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 2009. (259 pp) d) Murphy-O'Connor, Jerome. The Holy Land: An Oxford Archaeological Guide. 5th edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008. (219 pp – your choice of which pages to read but it must be at least 219 pages). My suggestion is to 7

focus your reading on the sites that most interest you, the one’s you will be doing your project on, and the ones we will go and visit). b) Book Reviews

1. Books a) Beitzel, Barry J. The New Moody Atlas of Bible Lands. Chicago: Moody Press, 2009. b) Beck, John A. The Holy Land for Christian Travelers: An Illustrated Guide to Israel. Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 2017. c) Martin, James C., John A. Beck, and David G. Hansen. A Visual Guide to Bible Events: Fascinating Insights into Where They Happened and Why. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 2009.

Formatting Note: • 2 pages max. • 12 pt. font • Double spaced, 1 inch / 2,54 cm margins • Your name at the top • Book title at the top in the middle • No title page, footnotes, or bibliography allowed • Just two pages of text. • Upload in Moodle as a PDF file: Student-Name-Book-Title.pdf

Content Note: In short, a book review does three things: briefly summarizes the book’s content (what did the author say?), evaluates the content (did the author deliver what he promised?), and make a recommendation / conclusion (who should read this book, if anyone?). c) Final Exam

a) There will be a closed-book final exam at the end of the course covering all the lecture material. The exam will contain several maps to be labeled, short answers to fill in, multiple choice, true/false, and matching questions. b) The exam will be available on the M.Div. student platform “Moodle” and will be taken online. When you open/start the exam on Moodle, a countdown will immediately start. You will have enough time to finish the exam, but you will have only one attempt to finish it, so make sure to be ready when you start the exam. d) Writing Assignments

1. General a) All assignments must meet the following requirements:

a. They must be turned in on time - pending arrangements made in advance. b. They must be the student’s own work. c. They must meet the specific requirements given in class for each assignment. d. They must meet any additional requirements given in writing in conjunction with the assignment. e. They must contain work that reflects academic honesty, integrity, and biblical standards consistent with the EBTC’s code of conduct.

2. Course Project a) Every student will do a course research project on two biblical sites. Below are two lists of biblical sites. The first contains sites that are on our Israel trip itinerary and the second is of other sites. For the course project each student is to pick one site from each list. No two students are to have the same sites. First come, first served. You must get the teacher’s approval before you consider them “yours” and start your work. Having everyone report on different sites will ensure that more places are covered as copies of everyone’s final report must be shared with the rest of the class members so that we can all learn from everyone else. For each of the two sites the student is to do the following: (1) Give the biblical teaching and significance of the site (2) Summarize the significant historical or archaeological information about that place (if there is any - don’t go overboard with this point) (3) Give a devotional or applicational thought based on the biblical/historical information you’ve discovered for each site. If you are convinced you can’t find a good devotional thought for that site then at least answer the question, “What difference should the above information make in our thinking about this site?” b) Have fun with this! How often is your homework to research and write about a biblically significant place that you get to go to?! c) Length requirement is a minimum of 15 pages (max. 20 pages), excluding front and back matter (title page, table of contents, and bibliography, all of which are required for this assignment). Appendixes are included in the page count. d) Format: Turabian 8th edition, as modified by the manuals, seen in the class “Research & Writings” (12 pt. font; Double spaced, 1 inch / 2,54 cm margins, etc.). e) Bibliography: the credibility of your research will depend in part on your bibliography. This is a "Works Consulted" bibliography, meaning that an item is included if it contributed significantly to your understanding of the research topic. Thus, you may include a source even if it is not footnoted in the text of the paper. The bibliography must include a minimum of fifteen scholarly sources, including an appropriate balance of reference works 9

(including dictionaries, encyclopedias, etc.), atlases, specialty books on geography, journal articles, and commentaries. Consult the professor’s bibliography (below) for ideas. ISBE and The Anchor Bible Dictionary (which is liberal but usually has good historical and archaeological data) will often have entries for significant sites, so they can be a good place to check as you do your research. The bibliography below has been carefully crafted and designed to give you helpful resources and ideas for your course project, your course presentation, and as general information for the Israel trip. Please look over it carefully and thoughtfully. f) Site List # 1 - sites on our Israel trip Itinerary: Pick one from this list and ask the teacher to make sure no one else already has this as their site. 1. Jerusalem 2. Mt of Olives 3. Dominus Flevit Church/Chapel of Tears – Jesus weeping over Jerusalem 4. Gethsemane 5. Via Dolorosa 6. Mt. Zion/Zion 7. Upper room/Hall of the Last Supper 8. Church of Saint Peter in Gallicantu – Church of the Cock Crow 9. Garden Tomb 10. City of David 11. Hezekiah’s tunnel 12. Pool of Shiloah/Siloam (John 9 – healing of the blind man) 13. Ophel Archaeological Park 14. Western Wall/Wailing wall 15. Herodium 16. Bethlehem/shepherd’s fields 17. Jericho 18. Mt of Temptation 19. Place of Jesus’ Baptism – Qasr Al Yahud 20. Qumran 21. Ein Gedi/Engedi – David hid from Saul in a cave; spared Saul’s life 22. Masada 23. Dead Sea 24. Beer Sheva/Beersheba 25. Joppa/Jaffa 26. Muchraka/Mukhraqa – place of Elijah’s offering on Mt. Carmel 27. Mt of the Beatitudes 28. Tabgha 29. Capernaum 30. Bethsaida 31. Sea of Galilee 32. Yardenit – baptism site

33. Banias Spring 34. Caesarea Philippi/Banias waterfall 35. Mt Hermon 36. Syria 37. Nazareth 38. Jezreel Plain 39. Megiddo/Armageddon 40. Cana of Galilee g) List # 2 – Biblical Sites not on our Israel Itinerary. These sites will be the subject of the second half of your course project. Pick one from this list and ask the professor for permission to start your research.

1. Ai 2. Amman/Ammon/Ammonites 3. Antioch of Syria 4. Arad 5. Ashdod 6. Ashkelon 7. Asia 8. Assyria 9. Athens 10. Babylon 11. Benjamin Plateau 12. Beth Shean/Scythopolis 13. Bethel 14. Bethesda – healing of the blind, paralyzed man (Jn 5) 15. Caesarea Maritima 16. Capernaum 17. Chorazin 18. Church of the Holy Sepulcher – was this the place of Jesus’ resurrection or the Garden Tomb? 19. Colossae 20. Corinth 21. Damascus 22. Dan 23. Dome of the Rock 24. Ein Harod/Gideon’s spring 25. Ephesus 26. Garden of Gethsemane 27. Galatia 28. Gaza 29. Gezer 30. Gibeon 31. Haran

32. Hazor 33. Hebron 34. Hinnom Valley/Gehenna – is there a connection with hell and this valley? 35. Jacob’s well/Sychar 36. Jezreel, city of – place of Naboth’s vineyard, Jezebel and Ahab 37. Jordan River 38. Judean Wilderness 39. Kadesh-barnea 40. Kursi/Gergesa 41. Laodicea 42. Lebanon 43. Machaerus – place of the beheading of John the Baptist 44. Mizpah 45. Mt Carmel 46. Mt Gerizim 47. Mt Gilboa 48. Mt Nebo 49. Mt Sinai 50. Mt Tabor 51. Nain 52. Nazareth 53. Nineveh 54. Pergamum 55. Persia 56. Petra/Sela (Is 16:1; 2 Kings 14:7) 57. Philippi 58. Ramah 59. Red Sea, crossing of 60. Rome 61. Samaria/Sebaste 62. Shechem/Tell Balata 63. Shiloh 64. Smyrna 65. Sodom and Gomorrah 66. Susa – Esther went before the king to save her people 67. Temple Mount 68. Thessalonica 69. Ur 70. Valley of Elah (David and Goliath) h) Students are encouraged to start researching their project immediately in order to have time to do thorough research, to meditate on and weigh the arguments of the sources, and to carefully edit their course project into a

clear and powerful presentation. Allow time for excellent research, in-depth thinking and careful editing. i) Use footnotes to give credit for ideas, to support your views, and to show who holds to various views. Show depth and breadth of research but don’t be verbose or pedantic. If you can say it in fewer words, do so. The quality of your writing is more important than the quantity. Write as interestingly and dynamically as possible; it is much more likely to be read carefully and have an impact on the reader. You must include pertinent diagrams, pictures, reconstructions or other visual aids to illustrate what you are writing about. e) Presentation

a) Each student will give a 15-minute oral presentation during the Israel study trip (February 2020). The presentation will be based on your research for the first of your two sites (List # 1 – “Israel Tour Sites”) of your course project. Your presentation should focus on the third aspect of your course paper (“give a devotional or applicational thought based on the biblical/historical information you’ve discovered for each site”). If the student has no experience in doing devotional/applicational thoughts in connection with geographical sites Ray Vander Laan’s series “That the World May Know” may give some food for thought as to how this might look. b) Since these site report devotionals are given “in the field” as we travel about Israel the student needs to be ready to give the report in a variety of circumstances – such as moving on a bus, standing outside in the sun or wind, etc. Field presentations are unique and exciting (imaging being at or going to the very location of a biblical even and you get to talk about it!) but can be more challenging than more “static” classroom presentations. Sometimes the report will be given before we arrive at a site (on the bus or while walking there) or, more rarely, it may be given afterward with several other reports given at the same time. The reality is that we don’t know ahead of time when or where your report will be given as those things will be decided during the trip as things develop. So be prepared, flexible and dependent on the Lord. c) Since in most cases you will be giving a devotional thought about a site we will not yet have seen (we will be traveling to it), you will need to briefly describe what we will see and then give your devotional thought so that we’ll have that in mind when we arrive to look at it. After we arrive, the guide will give the detailed historical, archaeological and geographical significance of the site. Your assignment is to touch on what the site is but mostly to move beyond the mere facts of history, archaeology and geography to the spiritual significance of what we will see when we arrive.

d) For further details of what is expected when you give your oral presentation see the grading rubric below “Israel Site Presentation grading criteria.”

MISCELLANEOUS MUNDANITIES

A. Attendance

Per EBTC catalog, more than one, 3-hour unexcused absence will result in grade reduction; more than three, 3-hour total absences will result in failure of the course. If excused absences are needed, please contact the EBTC administration and/or the professor of the class. At the beginning of your book report state: “I have honestly before the Lord carefully read 100% of this book.” B. Grading

a) Reading 35% b) Book Reviews 10% c) Final Exam 15% d) Course Project 30% e) Presentation 10% C. Late Assignments

All assignments are due as assigned in the course schedule. The following grade deductions apply, if accepted by the professor: a) -15% for reading assignments b) -10% for all other assignments

More information is in the M.Div. catalogue under course policies.

D. Timeliness and other Policies

• Please respect your classmates and professor by diligently observing due dates. Assignments must be uploaded correctly into Moodle on the due date. • If extreme circumstances prevent the timely submission of an assignment, please contact the EBTC M.Div. administration. • Discussions. Everyone is strongly encouraged to engage in the seminar discussion by answering and asking questions. If you do not understand an issue, it is your responsibility to ask questions in class, or in private with the teacher. Off-topic questions are best discussed outside of the seminar, and participants are requested not to distract others by talking among themselves.

• Cell phone Use. To avoid distractions, please silence your cell phones during class. You may return calls during the break or after class. • Respect for Others. Participants are asked to conduct themselves with integrity in relationship to both the lecturer and fellow participants. This creates the best spiritual atmosphere for learning and worship. • Reading. All reading should be done prayerfully, and with understanding. All unknown words should be looked up in a dictionary. Be sure to recognize pivotal movements, dates, definitions, people, etc. When reading, look for key words like, “most important,” “vital,” “significant,” “first,” “primary,” or “essential.” It is strongly recommended to highlight and mark in your books/articles to assist in reading and review. You should come to seminar prepared to critically discuss the material. • Plagiarism. Plagiarism is dishonest and contrary to biblical standards of integrity. If a student is caught plagiarizing, a meeting with be held with the student, teacher, and director of the EBTC M.Div. program to discuss the student’s future participation in M.Div. program.

E. Course Instructions

• By its nature this course will require a large amount of drawing on and of marking up of maps. This will include, but not be limited to, drawing borders and marking of biblical sites and places. This can be done with a regular computer mouse but will be more easily and exactly done with an ipad and pencil or other similar device that has touch screen and stylus capabilities. While no student is required to upgrade or buy new equipment for this class some may choose to do so given the knowledge that it will be helpful for the live-online portion of this class. In any case, all students will need to make sure they have the knowledge and capabilities to draw borders and mark places on maps with whatever equipment they have. If this is something new for you please contact EBTC well before the class starts and we will get you help so that you are confident and ready for this portion of the class.

F. Contact Information

• Please feel free to contact the M.Div. administration if you have any questions or concerns. • Email: [email protected]

GRADING RUBRICS

The following rubrics will be used to grade the major assignments in this class. A rubric provides an explicit set of criteria to be applied in assessing a particular type of work or assignment. The following rubrics indicate the levels of achievement and the kind of work that typifies each level for translation and research writing assignments. The exegetical papers rubrics cover both the writing itself and the content of the papers (identifying all the various elements involved in the series of papers). The site presentation rubric aims for the ideal in each area listed in part B below. A. Exegetical Paper Assignments - Writing

B. Israel Site Presentation Grading Criteria 16

BIBLOGRAPHY1

Aharoni, Yohanan. The Land of the Bible: A Historical Geography. Revised ed. Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1979.

Aharoni, Yohanan, Michael Avi-Yonah, Anson F. Rainey and Safrai Ze’ev. The Mcmillan Bible Atlas. Revised 3 ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1993.

Bahat, Dan. “Does the Holy Sepulchre Church Mark the Burial of Jesus?” Biblical Archaeology Review 12:3 (May-June 1986): 26-45. **

Baly, Denis. The Geography of the Bible. Revised ed. New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1974.

Barkay, Gabriel. “The Garden Tomb – Was Jesus Buried Here?” Biblical Archaeology Review 12:2 (March-April 1986): 40-57. **

Batto, Bernard F. “The Reed Sea: Requiscat in Pace.” Journal of Biblical Literature 102:1 (1983): 27–35.

______. “Red Sea or Reed Sea?” Biblical Archaeology Review 10:4 (July- August 1984): 57-63.

Beck, John A. The Holy Land for Christian Travelers: An Illustrated Guide to Israel. Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 2017. **

Beit-Arieh, Itzhaq. “The Route Through Sinai: Why the Israelites Fleeing Egypt Went South.” Biblical Archaeology Review 14:03 (May-June 1988): 28-37.

Beitzel, Barry J. The New Moody Atlas of Bible Lands. Chicago: Moody Press, 2009. **

Beitzel, Barry J., and Kristopher A. Lyle. Lexham Geographic Commentary on the Gospels. Bellingham: Lexham Press, 2016. **

______. Lexham Geographic Commentary on Acts through Revelation. Bellingham: Lexham Press, 2019.

Bejor, Giorgio. Ancient Greece: The Famous Monuments Past and Present. Athens: Muse Publications, 1997.

1 The aim of this bibliography is to help students with their course projects, course presentations and as a general aid to learning. Entries marked with two asterisks (**) after them are considered to be especially insightful, important, interesting, or helpful.

Bible Places Map. A detailed google map of every place named in the Bible. Searchable and interactive. Hovering over a dot shows the name of the place while clicking on it shows the Bible verses connected to that site. Online: http://www.about-jesus.org/all-bible-places-map.htm. **

Bimson, John J., and J. P. Kane. New Bible Atlas. Wheaton: InterVarsity Press, 2000.

Bimson, John J. Baker Encyclopedia of Bible Places: Towns & Cities, Countries & States, Archaeology & Topography. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1995. **

Bolen, Todd, ed. Pictorial Library of Bible Lands, 19 volumes. Grants Pass, OR: BiblePlaces.com, 2019. ***

Brisco, Thomas V. Holman Bible Atlas. Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1998.

______. “The Sinai Peninsula and the Exodus.” Bible and Spade 7:4 (1978): 97-108.

Bromiley, Geoffrey W. The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. Revised ed. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1988. **

Burkhardt, Helmut. Das Große Bibellexikon. 2 Bände. Holzgerlingen, Germany: Scm R. Brockhaus, 2009.

Byers, Gary. “New Evidence from Egypt on the Location of the Exodus Sea Crossing: Part II.” Bible and Spade (Spring 2006).

Cahill, Jane. “Jerusalem in David and Solomon’s Time.” Biblical Archaeology Review 30:6 (November-December 2004): 20-31, 62-63.

Cleve, Richard. The Holy Land Satellite Atlas (Vols 1 & 2). Nicosia, Cyprus: Rohr Productions, 1994. **

Cole, Dan P. “Corinth & Ephesus – Why Did Paul Spend Half His Journeys in These Cities?” Bible Review 4:6 (December 1988): 20-30.

Collins, Steven. “Sodom: The Discovery of a Lost City.” Bible and Spade 20:3 (Summer 2007): 70-77.

______. “Where is Sodom? The Case for Tall el-Hammam.” Biblical Archaeology Review 39:2 (March-April 2013): 32-41, 70-71.

Connolly, Peter. Living in the Time of Jesus of Nazareth. Tel Aviv: Steimatzky, 1983.

Currid, John D., and David P. Barrett. Crossway ESV Bible Atlas. Wheaton: Crossway Publishers, 2010. 19

Currid, John D. Ancient Egypt and the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1997 (holds to Gulf of Suez Red Sea crossing).

Dalman, Gustaf. Sacred Sites and Ways: Studies in the Topography of the Gospels. New York: The Macmillan Co., 1935.

De Atkine, Norvell B. “Why Arabs Lose Wars.” Middle East Quarterly 6:4 (December 1999): 17-28. Online: http://www.meforum.org/441/why-arabs-lose-wars. **

Dolan, David. Holy War for the Promised Land. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1991.

Dyer, Charles H., and Gregory A. Hatteburg. The Christian Traveler’s Guide to the Holy Land. Chicago: Moody Press, 2014. **

Fant, Clyde E., and Mitchell G. Reddish. A Guide to the Biblical Sites of Greece and Turkey. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003. **

Finegan, Jack. The Archeology of the New Testament. Revised ed. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1992.

Franz, Gordon. “Mt. Sinai Is Not Jebel El-Lawz in Saudi Arabia.” A paper presented at the annual meeting of the Evangelical Theological Society, Nov. 15, 2001, Colorado Springs, CO. **

______. “Is Mt Sinai in Saudi Arabia?” Bible and Spade 13:4 (Fall 2000): 101-113.

Freedman, David Noel, ed. The Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary. New York: Doubleday,1996. **

______. “Is Mt Sinai in Saudi Arabia?” Bible and Spade 13:4 (Fall 2000): 101-113. Freedman, David Noel, ed. The Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary. New York: Doubleday,1996.

Fromkim, David. A Peace to End all Peace: The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Creation of the Modern Middle East. New York: Avon Books, 1989.

Frumkin, Amos and Yoel Elitzur. “The Rise and Fall of the Dead Sea.” Biblical Archaeology Review 27:6 (November-December 2001): 43-50. **

Gardner, Joseph L., ed. Reader’s Digest Atlas of the Bible. Pleasantville, N.Y.: Reader’s Digest Association, 1985.

Hamilton, Adam. Moses: In the Footsteps of the Reluctant Prophet. Nashville: Abbington Press, 2017. A guidebook of sorts, traveling through Egypt focusing on the geography of Moses and where various biblical events connected with his life may have occurred. Includes “life lessons” and has an accompanying CD with video taken in Egypt. If one can get past his sometimes liberal interpretations of the Bible his travel log through Egypt is unique and rare.

Hoffmeier, James K. Israel in Egypt: The Evidence for the Authenticity of the Exodus Tradition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.

______. “Out of Egypt.” Biblical Archaeology Review 33:1 (January-February 2007): 30-41.

House, H. Wayne. “The Future of National Israel.” Bibliotheca Sacra 166:664 (Oct-Dec 2009): 463-81.

Howard, David M. “Sodom and Gomorrah Revisited.” Journal of Evangelical Society 27:4 (December 1984): 385-400. **

Kaiser, Walter C., ed. NIV Archaeological Study Bible: An Illustrated Walk Through Biblical History and Culture. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 2006. **

Kaufman, Asher S. “Where the Ancient Temple of Jerusalem Stood.” Biblical Archaeology Review 9:2 (March-April 1983): 40-59. **

King, Philip J., Lawrence E. Stager, and Douglas A. Knight. Life in Biblical Israel. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2002. **

MacDonald, Burton. East of the Jordan: Territories and Sites of the Hebrew Scriptures. Boston: American Schools of Oriental Research, 2000.

______. Pilgrimage in Early Christian Jordan: A Literary and Archaeological Guide. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2010. **

“Maps of War: A Visual History of Who has Controlled the Middle East Throughout History.” Online: http://www.mapsofwar.com/ind/imperial-history.html. ***

Martin, James C., John A. Beck, and David G. Hansen. A Visual Guide to Bible Events: Fascinating Insights into Where They Happened and Why. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 2009. **

______. A Visual Guide to Gospel Events: Fascinating Insights into Where They Happened and Why. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 2010. **

McRay, John. Archaeology & the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1991. **

Millar, James, producer, director and writer. Battlefield Detectives: The Six-Day War. Executive Producer Liz McLeod. Produced by Granada Manchester for the History Television Network Productions. New York: A&E TV Networks, 2005. Online: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SKbDWWRSIzA&list=PLoHIx- 8qk0yCaEN3hBkZjYzjKxy8HNcmu. For those interested in Israel’s modern-day history this is a quick (6 segments each about 7 minutes long) fascinating look into how such a small country surrounded by larger and seemingly “better equipped” countries could win the battle in just six days. It plays like a detective story looking into the risks, training, spies, military and geographical strategies that Israel used to win. **

Monson, James M. Regions on the Run: Introductory Map Studies in the Land of the Bible. Rockford: Biblical Backgrounds, Inc., 1998.

______. The Land Between: A Regional Study Guide to the Land of the Bible. Jerusalem: Bible Backgrounds Inc., 1983.

Murphy-O'Connor, Jerome. The Holy Land: An Oxford Archaeological Guide. 5th edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008. **

Na’aman, Nadav. “The Trowel vs. the Text: How the Amarna Letters Challenge Archaeology.” Biblical Archaeology Review 35:1 (January- February 2009): 52- 56, 70-71.

Negev, Avraham, and Shimon Gibson. The Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land. Revised ed. New York: The Continuum Publishing Group, 2001.

Nun, Mendel. “Cast Your Net Upon the Waters.” Biblical Archaeology Review 19:6 (November-December 1993): 46-57, 70. **

Overstreet, R. Larry. “Exegetical and Contextual Facets of Israel’s Red Sea Crossing.” The Master’s Seminary Journal 14:1 (Spring 2003): 63-86. **

Patrich, Joseph. “Reconstructing Herod’s Temple Mount in Jerusalem.” Bible Review 4:5 (October 1988): 16-29.

Perkins, Pheme. “Peter in Rome.” Bible Review 20:1 (February 2004): 24-27.

Pfeiffer, Charles, and Howard Vos. The Wycliffe Historical Geography of Bible Lands. Chicago: Moody Press, 1967.

Pipes, Daniel. “The Muslim Claim to Jerusalem.” Middle Eastern Quarterly 8:4 (Fall 2001): 49-66. Online: http://www.meforum.org/490/the-muslim-claim-to-jerusalem. 22

An interesting review of Jerusalem and political reasons Muslims have made religious connections to it. This article is especially interesting because it gives several reasons why the Temple Mount was not originally the “farthest Mosque” from which Muhammad made his night journey to heaven. **

Price, Randall. Rose Guide to the Temple. Torrance: Rose Publishing, 2012. **

Pritchard, James B., ed. The “Times” Atlas of the Bible. New York: Times Books, 1996.

______. Everyday Life in Bible Times. Washington D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1967.

Rainey, Anson F., and R. Steven Notley. The Sacred Bridge: Carta's Atlas of the Biblical World. Jerusalem: Carta Publishing House, 2005. Available in Accordance Bible software program.

Rasmussen, Carl G. Zondervan Atlas of the Bible. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 2010.

Rast, Walter E. “Sodom and Its Environs: Can Recent Archaeology Offer a Perspective?” Near East Archaeological Society Bulletin 51 (2006): 19-26.

Rast, Walter E., and R. Thomas Schaub. “Have Sodom and Gomorrah Been Found?” Biblical Archaeology Review 6:5 (September-October 1980): 26-36. Regional Study Guide. Free download: https://www.bibback.com/downloads.html.

Riesner, Rainer. “Archeology and Geography.” In Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels. Eds. Joel B. Green, Scot McKnight, and I. Howard Marshall. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1992. Pages 33-46. This is an excellent short discussion of the main geographical issues surrounding the life of Jesus and the Gospels. **

Ritmeyer, Leen, and Kathleen Ritmeyer. Secrets of Jerusalem’s Temple Mount. Washington, DC: Biblical Archeological Society, 1998.

______. “Temple Mount: Reconstructing Herod’s Temple Mount in Jerusalem.” Biblical Archaeology Review 15:6 (November-December 1989): 23-53. **

______. Jerusalem – The Temple Mount. Jerusalem: Carta Jerusalem, 2015. A great guide book for walking tours of the Temple Mount. 2015. **

Ritmeyer, Leen. “Locating the Original Temple Mount.” Biblical Archaeology Review 18:2 (March-April 1992): 24-45, 64-65. ** For a Jewish perspective that the next temple should be built on the location of the present Dome of the Rock see: http://templemountfaithful.org/articles/temple-location.php. **

______. The Quest: Revealing the Temple Mount in Jerusalem. Jerusalem: Carta, 2006. **

Roberts, Jenny. Bible Then & Now. New York: Simon & Schuster MacMillan Company, 1996. **

Robinson, Daniel, Dan Savery Raz, Jenny Walker, and Orlando Crowcroft. Lonely Planet Israel and the Palestinian Territories. Franklin, TN: Lonely Planet, 2018. ***

Rousseau, John J and Rami Arav. Jesus & His World: An Archaeological and Cultural Dictionary. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1995. **

Safrai, S., and M. Stern, eds. The Jewish People in the First Century: Historical Geography, Political History, Social, Cultural and Religious Life and Institutions. Vol. 1. Amsterdam: Van Gorcum & Comp., 1974.

Sanders, Guy D. R., Jennifer Palinkas, Ioulia Tzonou-Herbst with James Herbst. Ancient Corinth: A Guide to the Site and Museum. The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 2018. **

Schlegel, William. Satellite Bible Atlas. Jerusalem, 2013. Available for purchase at https://www.bibleplaces.com/satellite-bible-atlas-schlegel/. **

Shanks, Hershel. Jerusalem’s Temple Mount: From Solomon to the Golden Dome. London: The Continuum International Publishing Group, 2007.

Smith, George Adam. The Historical Geography of the Holy Land. 25th ed., Reprint, Jerusalem: Ariel Publishing House, 1966.

Snelling, Andrew A. “Is Noah’s Ark on Mt Ararat?” Answers 12:3 (May-June 2017): 54-63. **

Stern, Ephraim, ed. The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land. 4 vols. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993.

______. The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land, Supplementary Volume 5. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society; Washington, DC: Biblical Archaeology Society, 2008. This volume contains 50 pages on sites in Jordan (see the “Jordan” entry). **

Stotts, Dave. “The Gospels,” “Acts to Revelation,” “The Holy Land.” Drive Through History. Fun, fast moving, and sometimes humorous video tours of biblical sites. Produced by Coldwater Media, 2012. DVDs https://www.drivethruhistory.com/ or streaming on Amazon.com and Christianbook.com. **

Strange, James F., and Hershel Shanks. “Has the House Where Jesus Stayed in Capernaum Been Found?” Biblical Archaeology Review 8:6 (November- December 1982): 26-37. **

Styx, Randall. “The Route of the Exodus, the Location of Mount Sinai, and Related Topics.” November 2002. Online: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/502998cae4b096e761d86aac/t/54c11a54e4b0b3a3a 2d29eb3/1421941332361/Ex+12ff+-+StyxExodus.pdf

Vamosh, Miriam Feinberg. Daily Life at the Time of Jesus. Herzlia, Israel: Palphot, 2001.

Virtual New Testament App. An animated 3D reconstruction of New Testament Jerusalem. BYU, 2017: https://virtualscriptures.org/virtual-new-testament/. Excellent and realistic 3D reconstructions of the Temple Mount, the temple, the temple courts, the Pools of Bethesda and Siloam, the upper city, the market place, and more. Available for desktop and mobile (Android and ios). Right after opening the app click on “Temple Mount” and you will be able to virtually walk around the court of the Gentiles, the court of the women, the court of Israel and even inside the temple itself. **

Wilkinson, John. Editor and translator. Egeria’s Travels. Warminster: Aris & Warminster, 1999.

Wilson, Mark. Biblical Turkey: A Guide to the Jewish and Christian Sites of Asia Minor. Istanbul, Turkey: Ege Yayinlari, 2010. **

Wood, Bryant G. “The Walls of Jericho.” Bible and Spade 12:3 (Spring 1999): 35-42. ______. “Did the Israelites Conquer Jericho? A New Look at the Archaeological Evidence.” Biblical Archaeology Review 16:2 (March-April 1990): 44-58. **

______. “Locating Sodom: A Critique of the Northern Proposal.” Bible and Spade 20:3 (Summer 2007): 78-84. **

______. “The Discovery of the Sin Cities of Sodom and Gomorrah.” Bible and Spade 12:3 (Spring 1999): 66-80.