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PLASTIC MANAGEMENT and DEVELOPMENT on ISLANDS Research Project
\ Source: Frerck, n.d. PLASTIC MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT ON ISLANDS Research Project Nelle Kloosterboer IVM Supervisors: dr. P.J.H. van Beukering & H. Dijkstra Abstract The plastic soup is caused by large consumption and improper waste management of plastics worldwide. A global change in plastic management is needed to counter further growth of this problem. Many studies have been done on improving plastic management in large countries and regions, but islands have often been overlooked. Additionally, plastic pollution often ends up on the shorelines of islands, making sustainable plastic management a necessity on islands. This study investigates plastic management measures that contribute most effectively to sustainable plastic management and development on Texel and Sint Maarten. Firstly, the West Frisian Islands and the Dutch Caribbean Islands are analysed according to the island characteristics that influence the local plastic management system. Secondly, Material Flow Analyses of plastics are conducted for the West Frisian Islands and the Dutch Caribbean Islands to get an overview of the plastic product, waste, and pollution flows and discover specific trends surrounding plastics on the islands. Thirdly, Scenario Analyses are presented for the two case studies Texel and Sint Maarten, which show potential pathways towards sustainable plastic management on these islands. The results show that reducing plastic consumption is a slightly more effective strategy to improve sustainable plastic management and development than managing plastic waste and pollution. Furthermore, the methods utilized in this study have shown to be innovative and effective in improving plastic management systems on islands. Still, additional research is needed on macro- and microplastic flows, measures, and their impacts on islands worldwide to significantly contribute in reducing the plastic soup. -
1 Wadden Route Harlingen – Jade – Helgoland -De Eider Gevaren Door
Wadden route Harlingen – Jade – Helgoland -de Eider gevaren door Dirk van Loo in 2016 Deze route is mogelijk voor schepen tot een diepgang van 1,20 meter. Een schipper met tijd kan alles in dagtochtjes doen. Voor schepen tot 150 cm is de route vanaf Terschelling naar Ameland mogelijk via de Oosterom en de Blauwe Balg. Vanaf Ameland naar Lauwersoog is het Pinkegat het ondiepste stuk, secuur rekenen is daarbij noodzakelijk rekening te houden met het aantal dagen na springtij en mogelijke verlaging. De routes worden regelmatig gelood door RWS en die resultaten zijn terug te vinden op de site van de Wadvaardersvereniging, https://www.nautin.nl/wb/pages/getij/dieptestaat-----wadden.php Voor de Duitse wadden kan je deze vinden op de site http://www.wattenschipper.de/Aktuelles.htm Print deze gegevens uit, zodat je er aan boord altijd over kan beschikken. De aangegeven dieptes in de kaart naast de routes zijn niet betrouwbaar en kunnen jaren oud zijn. Om je eigen routes te nemen over zandplaten is kennis van het waddenzeilen een vereiste. Let op er worden twee manieren gebruikt om de posities aan te geven: 1. GMS, graden, minuten, seconden bv 53°16.502’N 2. DG , decimale graden bv N53.28062 (via GoogleMaps) Dit zijn beide dezelfde posities (Kimstergat), maar op een andere manier weergegeven. 4° 30’ 35” omrekenen naar DG gaat als volgt: De 35” seconden omzetten in decimalen van een minuut gaat als volgt: 35/60 optellen bij de 30´minuten geeft dus 4º 30,583 Andersom kan ook: neem 4,5097 daar trekken we de hele graden van af (getal voor de komma) blijft dus 0,5097 om nu de minuten en seconden te vinden vermenigvuldigen we 0,5097 met 60 dat wordt dan 30,582 ofwel we hebben nu 4º 30,582 nu trekken we de minuten hier weer even af (getal voor de komma) en vermenigvuldigen we de rest 0,582 weer met 60 ofwel 0,582 x 60 = 34.92 Totaal wordt het nu dus 4º 30´ 34.92” Dieper stekende schepen die zee willen vermijden kunnen vanaf Delfzijl starten. -
ADVENTURE GUIDE Getting Away from It All on Sylt
ADVENTURE GUIDE Getting away from it all on Sylt. Sylt Shuttle: the fast and relaxed way to travel. You can rely on our decades of experience. We offer the highest capacity and guarantee to get you on the move with our double-decker car trains. Running 14,000 trains a year, we are there for you from early morning to late evening: your fast, safe and reliable shuttle service. We look forward to welcoming you aboard. More information at bahn.de/syltshuttle 14,000 trains a year. The Sylt Shuttle. www.sylt.de Last update November 2019 Anz_Sylt_Buerostuhl_engl_105x210_mm_apu.indd 1 01.02.18 08:57 ADVENTURE GUIDE 3 SYLT Welcome to Sylt Boredom on Sylt? Wrong! Whether as a researcher in Denghoog or as a dis- coverer in the mudflats, whether relaxed on the massage bench or rapt on a surfboard, whether as a daydreamer sitting in a roofed wicker beach chair or as a night owl in a beach club – Sylt offers an exciting and simultaneously laid-back mixture of laissez-faire and savoir-vivre. Get started and explore Sylt. Enjoy the oases of silence and discover how many sensual pleasures the island has in store for you. No matter how you would like to spend your free time on Sylt – you will find suitable suggestions and contact data in this adventure guide. Content NATURE . 04 CULTURE AND HISTORY . 08 GUIDED TOURS AND SIGHTSEEING TOURS . 12 EXCURSIONS . 14 WELLNESS FOR YOUR SOUL . 15 WELLNESS AND HEALTH . 16 LEISURE . 18 EVENT HIGHLIGHTS . .26 SERVICE . 28 SYLT ETIQUETTE GUIDE . 32 MORE ABOUT SYLT . -
Lijst Betrokkenen
De onderstaande organisaties en personen zijn in het open plan proces van het beleidstraject “opschalings MZI’s” betrokken. ANWB BBZ (Vereniging voor Beroeps en Chartervaart) Bestuurlijk Platform Visserij BGB Bootvisvereniging Zuid west Nederland dhr. P. Buizer van Mosselkweek in openzee Consultancy & Research, Nature & Environment De Zeeuwse Kreeft Dienst Vastgoed Defensie, Directie Noord Exploitatiemaatschappij Havencomplex Lauwersoog B.V. p/a Gemeente De Marne Faunabescherming Federatie van Beroepsvissers Zuid-West Nederland Federatie van hengelsportverenigingen zuid west Nederland Federatie van Visserijverenigingen Stichting Geïntegreerde visserij Gemeente Ameland Gemeente De Marne Gemeente Delfzijl Gemeente Den Helder Gemeente Dongeradeel Gemeente Eemsmond Gemeente Ferwerderadiel Gemeente Franekeradeel Gemeente Goedereede Gemeente Goes Gemeente Harlingen Gemeente Hellevoetsluis Gemeente Het Bildt Gemeente Het Bildt Gemeente Kapelle Gemeente Noord Beveland Gemeente Reiderland Gemeente Reimerswaal Gemeente Schiermonnikoog Gemeente Schouwen-Duivenland Gemeente Terschelling Gemeente Texel Gemeente Tholen Gemeente Veere Gemeente Vlieland Gemeente WestVoorne Gemeente Wieringen Gemeente Wûnseradiel Groningen Seaports Haven en Scheepvaartvereniging Den Helder/ Regionale Commissie Noordelijke Zeehavens Hengelsportfederatie Friesland Hengelsportfederatie Groningen/Drenthe Augustus 2009 1 Hengelsportfederatie Noord West Nederland HISWA IMARES YERSEKE It Fryske Gea Kenniskring MZI KNRM Koninklijke Schuttevaer (beroepsvaart) Landschap Noord-Holland -
Wadden Sea Quality Status Report Geomorphology
Photo: Rijkswaterstaat, NL (https://beeldbank.rws.nl). Zuiderduin 2011. Wadden Sea Quality Status Report Geomorphology A. P. Oost, C. Winter, P. Vos, F. Bungenstock, R. Schrijvershof, B. Röbke, J. Bartholdy, J. Hofstede, A. Wurpts, A. Wehrmann This report downloaded: 2018-11-23. This report last updated: 2017-12-21. This report should be cited as: Oost A. P., Winter C., Vos P., Bungenstock F., Schrijvershof R., Röbke B., Bartholdy J., Hofstede J., Wurpts A. & Wehrmann A. (2017) Geomorphology. In: Wadden Sea Quality Status Report 2017. Eds.: Kloepper S. et al., Common Wadden Sea Secretariat, Wilhelmshaven, Germany. Last updated 21.12.2017. Downloaded DD.MM.YYYY. qsr.waddensea-worldheritage.org/reports/geomorphology 1. Introduction The hydro- and morphodynamic processes of the Wadden Sea form the foundation for the ecological, cultural and economic development of the area. Its extraordinary ecosystems, its physical and geographical values and being an outstanding example of representing major stages of the earth’s history are factors why the Wadden Sea received a World Heritage area qualification (UNESCO, 2016). During its existence, the Wadden Sea has been a dynamic tidal system in which the geomorphology of the landscape continuously changed. Driving factors of the morphological changes have been: Holocene sea-level rise, geometry of the Pleistocene surface, development of accommodation space for sedimentation, sediment transport mechanisms (tides and wind) and, the relatively recent, strong human interference in the landscape. In this report new insights into the morphology of the trilateral Wadden Sea gained since the Quality Status Report (QSR) in 2009 (Wiersma et al., 2009) are discussed. After a summary of the Holocene development (sub-section 2.1), the sand-sharing inlet system approach as a building block for understanding the morhodynamic functioning of the system with a special emphasis on the backbarrier (sub-section 2.2) is discussed, followed by other parts of the inlet-system. -
On the Salt Marsh of Schiermonnikoog
Effects of cattle grazing on food patch choice of brown hares on the salt marsh of Schiermonnikoog Peter Beek Supervised by Dries Kuijpers Spring-Summer 2002 RuG 1. Abstract Nitrogen input by clay sedimentation has been shown to be the driving force behind plant species replacement in the Wadden sea salt-marsh system. Old successional stages are dominated by the superior light competitor, Elymus athericus, and suitable grazing sites for the brown hare (Lepus europaeus) dissappear. Consequently hare densities increase with age of the salt marsh, but seem to increase again at salt-marsh areas which are grazed by cattle. This study discusses the effects of cattle grazing on hare grazing on the grazed salt marshes of Schiermonnikoog, one of the barrier islands in the Dutch Wadden Sea. The effects of cattle grazing on the vegetation and subsequent on hare feeding patch choice In short-term and long-term will be discussed. Short-term effects are defined as within a season and are monitored by measuring quality and biomass. Long-term effects accumulate over multiple years and can be seen in influences on succession. In the short term cattle grazing is predicted to decrease the biomass of Festuca rubra, which has been shown to be the hares preffered forage. However, cattle grazing is also expected to increase the quality of Festuca rubra. These two effects can be termed as direct competition and facilitation, respectively. In the long term, cattle grazing is predicted to increase the availability of Festuca rubra, by decreasing abundance of light's shading, dominant plant, Elymus athericus. -
Putting Frisian Names on the Map
GEGN.2/2021/68/CRP.68 15 March 2021 English United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names Second session New York, 3 – 7 May 2021 Item 12 of the provisional agenda * Geographical names as culture, heritage and identity, including indigenous, minority and regional languages and multilingual issues Putting Frisian names on the map Submitted by the Netherlands** * GEGN.2/2021/1 ** Prepared by Jasper Hogerwerf, Kadaster GEGN.2/2021/68/CRP.68 Introduction Dutch is the national language of the Netherlands. It has official status throughout the Kingdom of the Netherlands. In addition, there are several other recognized languages. Papiamentu (or Papiamento) and English are formally used in the Caribbean parts of the Kingdom, while Low-Saxon and Limburgish are recognized as non-standardized regional languages, and Yiddish and Sinte Romani as non-territorial minority languages in the European part of the Kingdom. The Dutch Sign Language is formally recognized as well. The largest minority language is (West) Frisian or Frysk, an official language in the province of Friesland (Fryslân). Frisian is a West Germanic language closely related to the Saterland Frisian and North Frisian languages spoken in Germany. The Frisian languages as a group are closer related to English than to Dutch or German. Frisian is spoken as a mother tongue by about 55% of the population in the province of Friesland, which translates to some 350,000 native speakers. In many rural areas a large majority speaks Frisian, while most cities have a Dutch-speaking majority. A standardized Frisian orthography was established in 1879 and reformed in 1945, 1980 and 2015. -
Tourism Development in the Dutch Wadden Area: Spatial-Temporal Characteristics and Monitoring Needs
Environmental Management and Sustainable Development ISSN 2164-7682 2015, Vol. 4, No. 2 Tourism Development in the Dutch Wadden Area: Spatial-Temporal Characteristics and Monitoring Needs Frans J. Sijtsma (Corresponding author) University of Groningen, P.O. Box 800, 9700 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands E-mail: [email protected] Lourens Broersma University of Groningen, P.O. Box 800, 9700 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands E-mail: [email protected] Michiel N. Daams University of Groningen, P.O. Box 800, 9700 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands E-mail: [email protected] Hendrik Hoekstra University of Groningen, P.O. Box 800, 9700 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands Gelijn Werner Raad voor de Wadden, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands Received: March 11, 2015 Accepted: March 25, 2015 doi:10.5296/emsd.v4i2.8561 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v4i2.8561 Abstract The paper presents a spatial and temporal analysis of tourism in the Dutch Wadden area and identifies policy dilemmas and monitoring needs. The analysis is temporal because historical, current and future aspects of tourism development are addressed; it is spatial because the spatial differentiaton of tourism within the Wadden area is examined. For the assessment of the historical and current situation focus is on visitor and employment data and especially the 217 www.macrothink.org/emsd Environmental Management and Sustainable Development ISSN 2164-7682 2015, Vol. 4, No. 2 relative degree of specialization of the local economy on tourism. For the future direction of tourism and possible investment options, the paper draws on surveyed views of 91 tourism entrepreneurs in the Wadden area. -
Routes Over De Waddenzee
5a 2020 Routes over de Waddenzee 7 5 6 8 DELFZIJL 4 G RONINGEN 3 LEEUWARDEN WINSCHOTEN 2 DRACHTEN SNEEK A SSEN 1 DEN HELDER E MMEN Inhoud Inleiding 3 Aanvullende informatie 4 5 1 Den Oever – Oudeschild – Den Helder 9 5 2 Kornwerderzand – Harlingen 13 5 3 Harlingen – Noordzee 15 5 4 Vlieland – Terschelling 17 5 5 Ameland 19 5 6 Lauwersoog – Noordzee 21 5 7 Lauwersoog – Schiermonnikoog – Eems 23 5 8 Delfzijl 25 Colofon 26 Het auteursrecht op het materiaal van ‘Varen doe je Samen!’ ligt bij de Convenantpartners die bij dit project betrokken zijn. Overname van illustraties en/of teksten is uitsluitend toegestaan na schriftelijke toestemming van de Stichting Waterrecreatie Nederland, www waterrecreatienederland nl 2 Voorwoord Het bevorderen van de veiligheid voor beroeps- en recreatievaart op dezelfde vaarweg. Dat is kortweg het doel van het project ‘Varen doe je Samen!’. In het kader van dit project zijn ‘knooppunten’ op vaarwegen beschreven. Plaatsen waar beroepsvaart en recreatievaart elkaar ontmoeten en waar een gevaarlijke situatie kan ontstaan. Per regio krijgt u aanbevelingen hoe u deze drukke punten op het vaarwater vlot en veilig kunt passeren. De weergegeven kaarten zijn niet geschikt voor navigatiedoeleinden. Dat klinkt wat tegenstrijdig voor aanbevolen routes, maar hiermee is bedoeld dat de kaarten een aanvulling zijn op de officiële waterkaarten. Gebruik aan boord altijd de meest recente kaarten uit de 1800-serie en de ANWB-Wateralmanak. Neem in dit vaargebied ook de getijtafels en stroomatlassen (HP 33 Waterstanden en stromen) van de Dienst der Hydrografie mee. Op getijdenwater is de meest actuele informatie onmisbaar voor veilige navigatie. -
On the Beach Nature Explained
BOOK REVIEWS land disappeared under water, including viewing it as an indifferently designed work On the beach the legendary Rungholt, east of the of other purpose. The author's skills lie in present island of Pellworm. A second Donald J.P. Swift the collecting and ordering of information. Mandrdnke occurred on 11 October, Chapters that attempt to take an overview, 1694. But the main and partially enduring such as those on natural preconditions and The Morphodynamlcs of the Wadden land losses, resulting in the formation of barrier-island development, are not Sea. By Jurgen Ehlers. A.A. Balkema: Jade Bay, the Dollart and the Zuider Zee, altogether successful, although they are 1988. Pp.397. DM 185, £52. 75. did not occur as the result of single events, always interesting. On the other hand, the but gradually, through many smaller relentless procession of maps, aerial THE Wadden Sea is the intertidal zone of stages. These land losses were due to a photographs and, above all, photograph the German Bight of the North Sea. lack of technical infrastructure capable of after photograph at ground level, has a Varying in width from 10 to 50 km, it is an protecting the vast forelands from the hypnotic effect. Somewhere through the expanse of tidal channels, flats, inlets, destructive effects of later surges in later 393 figures, these vistas of misty dunes, flood and ebb deltas, barrier islands and decades. Land reclamation occurred, but beaches and marshes, and of tidal flats estuaries that extends from Den Helder only through projects that lasted for extending to the horizon, seep into the in the Netherlands to Blavandshuk in centuries. -
Geese in the Wadden Sea: an Effect of Grazing on Habitat Preference
Reprint from: W.J. Wolff, K. Essink, A. Kellermann & M.A. van Leeuwe (eds.) – Challenges to the Wadden Sea. Proceedings of the 10th International Scientific Wadden Sea Symposium, Groningen, 2000. Ministry of Agriculture, Nature Management and Fisheries / University of Groningen, Dept. of Marine Biology, 2003. Geese in the Wadden Sea: an effect of grazing on habitat preference Maarten J.J.E. Loonen and Daan Bos Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 14, NL-9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands (e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]) Key words: brent goose, barnacle goose, cattle, sheep, facilitation, experiment, intake rate Abstract Field experiments with manipulations of vegetation plots and experiments with captive geese have tested habitat preference of geese. Barnacle geese and brent geese prefer salt marshes grazed by livestock over ungrazed salt marshes. This is shown on various sites, in experiments where livestock grazing has been manipulated. The geese show the highest grazing pressure on short vegetation, with little obstruction of tall unpalatable plant species. On agricultural fields, grazing is also important to facilitate goose usage. In the month of May, in the period of rapid grass growth, brent geese are clearly favouring the shortest canopy. Sheep will keep the vegetation short, but also grazing by the geese themselves will increase later usage by geese. Geese reject tall vegetation because the revenues, expressed as intake of nutrients are smaller per unit feeding time. In an undisturbed habitat, geese will be able to concentrate in a small area and manage their own food supply. -
14-687 AS Policies and Management Wadden Sea Final Draft Clean V2
Alien species in the Dutch Wadden Sea: policies and management T.M. van der Have B. van den Boogaard R. Lensink D. Poszig C.J.M. Philippart Alien Species in the Dutch Wadden Sea: Policies and Management T.M. van der Havea B. van den Boogaarda R. Lensinka D. Poszigb C.J.M. Philippartb a b NIOZ, P.O.Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg (Texel), The Netherlands Commissioned by: Common Wadden Sea Secretariat 29 June 2015 Report nr 15-126 Status: Final report Report nr.: 15-126 Date of publication: 29 June 2015 Title: Alien species in the Dutch Wadden Sea: policies and management Authors: dr. T.M. van der Have ir. B. van den Boogaard drs. ing. R. Lensink D. Poszig Dipl. Biol., M.A. dr. C.J.M. Philippart Photo credits cover page: Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, mantle cavity with tentacles, Joost Bergsma / Bureau Waardenburg Number of pages incl. appendices: 123 Project nr: 14-687 Project manager: dr. T.M. van der Have Name & address client: Common Wadden Sea Secretariat, dr. F. de Jong, Virchowstrasse 1, Wilhelmshaven, Germany Signed for publication: Team Manager Bureau Waardenburg bv drs. A. Bak Signature: Bureau Waardenburg bv is not liable for any resulting damage, nor for damage, which results from applying results of work or other data obtained from Bureau Waardenburg bv; client indemnifies Bureau Waardenburg bv against third- party liability in relation to these applications. © Bureau Waardenburg bv / Common Wadden Sea Secretariat This report is produced at the request of the client mentioned above and is his property. All rights reserved.