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14-687 AS Policies and Management Wadden Sea Final Draft Clean V2 Alien species in the Dutch Wadden Sea: policies and management T.M. van der Have B. van den Boogaard R. Lensink D. Poszig C.J.M. Philippart Alien Species in the Dutch Wadden Sea: Policies and Management T.M. van der Havea B. van den Boogaarda R. Lensinka D. Poszigb C.J.M. Philippartb a b NIOZ, P.O.Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg (Texel), The Netherlands Commissioned by: Common Wadden Sea Secretariat 29 June 2015 Report nr 15-126 Status: Final report Report nr.: 15-126 Date of publication: 29 June 2015 Title: Alien species in the Dutch Wadden Sea: policies and management Authors: dr. T.M. van der Have ir. B. van den Boogaard drs. ing. R. Lensink D. Poszig Dipl. Biol., M.A. dr. C.J.M. Philippart Photo credits cover page: Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, mantle cavity with tentacles, Joost Bergsma / Bureau Waardenburg Number of pages incl. appendices: 123 Project nr: 14-687 Project manager: dr. T.M. van der Have Name & address client: Common Wadden Sea Secretariat, dr. F. de Jong, Virchowstrasse 1, Wilhelmshaven, Germany Signed for publication: Team Manager Bureau Waardenburg bv drs. A. Bak Signature: Bureau Waardenburg bv is not liable for any resulting damage, nor for damage, which results from applying results of work or other data obtained from Bureau Waardenburg bv; client indemnifies Bureau Waardenburg bv against third- party liability in relation to these applications. © Bureau Waardenburg bv / Common Wadden Sea Secretariat This report is produced at the request of the client mentioned above and is his property. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted and/or publicized in any form or by any means, electronic, electrical, chemical, mechanical, optical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the client mentioned above and Bureau Waardenburg bv, nor may it without such a permission be used for any other purpose than for which it has been produced. The Quality Management System of Bureau Waardenburg bv has been certified by CERTIKED according to ISO 9001:2008. 2 Preface The 12th Wadden Sea Conference (Tønder, 6 february 2014) has decided to further develop a trilateral strategic framework for dealing with alien species in the Wadden Sea as well as a trilateral alien species management and action plan for the international Wadden Sea (§ 35 of the Tønder Declaration). The Task Group Management of the Wadden Sea Board will coordinate this initiative in close cooperation with its Working Group Alien Species. The Common Wadden Sea Secretariat, therefore, commissioned this project to Bureau Waardenburg to (1) prepare an inventory of the current situation and future intentions with regard to monitoring, policy and management of alien species in the Dutch Wadden Sea; (2) prepare an update of relevant regulations, directives and conventions within EU, OSPAR and IMO; (3) prepare an update of current management actions; (4) analyse the findings from the perspective of the requirements of Wadden Sea alien species monitoring and management, including a gap analysis; (5) to give recommendations for amendments to the strategic framework for alien species management in the Wadden Sea based upon the analysis. This report was prepared in close cooperation with D. Poszig and C.J.M. Philippart of the WaLTER project (see also http://www.walterwaddenmonitor.org/themas/ for the thematic report). Folkert de Jong, Saa Henry Kabuta and Sander Smolders provided comments on previous versions of this manuscript. The authors thank everyone who has contributed to this report. 3 4 Table of contents Preface .......................................................................................................................................... 3! Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 7! 1! Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 9! 1.1! Background ................................................................................................................ 9! 1.2! Draft Strategic Framework for Alien Species in the trilateral Wadden Sea ........... 9! 1.3! Aim / Outline ............................................................................................................ 11! 2! Current status alien species in Wadden Sea region and their pathways ......................... 15! 2.1! Introduction .............................................................................................................. 15! 2.2! Biological invasions and pathways ......................................................................... 16! 2.2.1! Unified framework biologial invasions ..................................................... 16! 2.2.2! Pathways in marine habitats .................................................................... 17! 2.2.3 ! Pathways in terrestrial habitats ............................................................... 19! 2.2.4! Introduction and recipient habitats ........................................................... 20! 2.3! Marine alien species in the Dutch Wadden Sea .................................................... 21! 2.4! Alien species on the Dutch Wadden Sea islands ................................................. 24! 3! Inventory and current status of management actions ...................................................... 31! 3.1! Legal instruments, conventions and guidelines .................................................... 31! 3.2.1! EU regulations and directives .................................................................. 33! 3.1.2! Global conventions ................................................................................... 38! 3.1.3! Regional conventions ............................................................................... 40! 3.1.4! International guidelines / Code of Conduct ............................................. 41! 3.1.5! National IAS legal instruments and policy: the Netherlands .................. 43! 3.2! Monitoring marine alien species in the Dutch Wadden Sea ................................. 46! 3.2.1! Information needs and monitoring questions .......................................... 46! 3.2.2! Monitoring in the Dutch Wadden Sea ..................................................... 48! 3.2.2! Monitoring alien species on the Wadden Sea islands ........................... 55! 3.3! Management actions .............................................................................................. 59! 3.3.1! Management cycle ................................................................................... 59! 3.3.1! Current management actions .................................................................. 61! 3.3.2! Marine habitats of the Wadden Sea ........................................................ 62! 3.3.3! Wadden Sea islands ................................................................................ 64! 4! Analysis ............................................................................................................................... 67! 5 4.1! Draft Strategic Framework: requirements and current situation .......................... 67! 4.2! Risk assessments: species, habitats and pathways ............................................. 67! 4.3! Compliance with international legislation and conventions .................................. 68! 4.4! Early detection: monitoring ..................................................................................... 69! 4.4.1! Different monitoring types ........................................................................ 69! 4.4.2! Strengths and shortcomings of current alien species inventories and other long-term monitoring programs .................................................................... 72! 4.5! Management actions: prevention, eradication and management ....................... 75! 4.6! Awareness and implementation ............................................................................ 75! 4.7! Gap analysis ........................................................................................................... 76! 4.8! Conclusions ............................................................................................................. 77! 5! Recommendations .............................................................................................................. 79! 5.1! Draft trilateral Strategic Framework on Alien Species ........................................... 79! 5.2! Compliance: national coordination ......................................................................... 79! 5.3! Early detection: monitoring ...................................................................................... 79! 5.3.1! General monitoring recommendations .................................................... 80! 5.3.2! General recommendations for early detection monitoring ..................... 82! 5.3.3! General recommendations for impact monitoring ................................... 82! 5.3.4! Potential further avenues to advance alien species management ........ 83! 5.3.5! Harmonization of monitoring programs ................................................... 84! 5.4! Management actions: risk assessment and prioritization .................................... 84! 5.5! Awareness .............................................................................................................
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