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March 1997
Classification, natural history, and evolution of the Epiphloeinae (Coleoptera: Cleridae). Part I. The genera of Epiphloeinae
Weston Opitz Kansas Wesleyan University
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Opitz, Weston, "Classification, natural history, and evolution of the Epiphloeinae (Coleoptera: Cleridae). Part I. The genera of Epiphloeinae" (1997). Insecta Mundi. 259. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/259
This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 11, No. 1, March, 1997 5 1
Classification, natural history, and evolution of the Epiphloeinae (Coleoptera: Cleridae). Part I. The genera of Epiphloeinae.
Weston Opitz Kansas Wesleyan University Department of Biology 100 East Claflin Salina, Kansas 67401
Abstract: The subfamily El)iphloeinaeisdefined to include fourteen genera asfollows: Epiphloeus Spinola; Pilosirus, new genus; Plocanlocera Spinola; Ioritoclerus, new genus; Arenaria, new genus; Ichriea Laporte; Diaprorrieces, new genus; Pyticeroides Icuwert; Ellipotonla Spinola; Iiatarrty~~rus,new genus; Megatracliys, new genus; Mador~iellaPic; Hapsidopteris, new genus; and Teutonia, new genus. The following type-species are described: Pilosirus brur~oi,new species; Areriaria chiapas, new species; Diaprorrieces aclydis, new species; KatarriyuruspaxilLt~s, new species; Megatrcrcl~yspar~icnlrrs, new species; Hupsidopteris diastertus, new species; and Teutoriia rloua, new species. ErroI)lir~rriI~rrrr~erale IQug is designated as the typespecies of Ior~toclerus.The genus M~rdorliellaisremovedGromthesubfamily Icorynetinae andis declaretl a senior synonym of Pltlogistosterr~rrs Wolcott. Neiclirlea is synonymized with Pyticeroides. This treatise includes a lcey to the genera of Epil)hloeinae, descriptions of the genera and new type-species, and distribution map for each genus.
Key words: Cleriilae, Checlcered Beetles, Epiphloeinae, Generic Synopsis
Introduction Ichnoides in his Tableau Synoptique des Clairi- Members of Epiphloeinae have been classi- ones. Then, in 1844, in Monographie des Terediles, fied in various subfamilies. Moreover, these Spinola added Plocarrrocera to the above beetles have not been studied collectively at any mentioned genera and classified the three taxonomic level. The purpose of this paper is to genera under Clerites I-Iydnoceroides Tableau begin a series of publications intended to clarify Generique des Clerites. At first,, this classification epiphloeine relationships of classification, natural was adoptedby Lacordaire (1857:421) and followed history, and to speculate about their evolution. by Desmarest (18GO). Subsequently, Lacordaire The stucly begins with a generic synopsis which (1857:422) regrouped the epiphloeine species un- will be followed by revisions of the genera. The der Plzyllober~ides, a scheme of classification project will end with a proposed evolutionary adopted by Gorham (1860, 1877), Lohde (1900), history of the subfamily. Schenkling (1903, 1906, 1910)) Gahan (19 lo), and Mimicry is extensively ingrained in the struc- Blackwelder (1945). The more modern concept of tural and behavioral evolution of the Cleridae. This epiphloeine classification was first introducecl by has been indicated by various authors and ably Icuwert (1893)) who aligned the species under summarizecl in a recent important work by Mawd- genera of "Epiphloinen." This classification scheme sley (1994). The mimetic character of clerids has was later refined and published by Wolcott (1947), to some extent influenced the sequence of my Corporaal (1950), Barr (1950,1962), Icnull revisionary works, in that as I delved into the (1951), Arnett (1960), Winkler (1961), and taxonomic problems of one group, I invariably found Crowson (1964). Today, it is widely accepted that a preponderance of mimics of other distantly relat- the species under study belong to the subfamily ed genera mistakenly included in my request for Epiphloeinae. unsorted material. This was the circumstance Material and methods that fueled my interest in the Epiphloeinae be- This stucly is based on several thousand etles some of which are superficially similar to specimens and involved nearly all the nominal the lampyrid and/or lycid-like members of Perily- species now assigned to Epiphloeinae. Many pus of the subfamily Clerinae (Ekis, 1977). beetles of other subfamilies were also examined. Literature review The specimens were borrowed from various The first published account to bring the institutions or personally field collected. Fielcl col- epiphloeine species to taxonomic order was lected specimens were preserved in Pampel's presented by Spinola (1841), who listed Ichnen fluid (Ekis, 1977) for study of internal organs. As and E'~iphloez~s under the category Clairiones has been true of my previous revisionary works, 'olume 11, No. 1, March, 1997, INSECTA MUNDI the results of this study are based in part on an that I have retained for completion of this part extensive outgroup comparison that served to of the study will be deposited in collections indicat- establish the foundation for assessments of charac- edin the text by the followingabbreviations: AMNH: ter state phylogeny. Specifically, character state American Museum of Natural History, Entomol- phylogeny was surmisecl by implementation of the ogy, New York, New York, 10024; BMNH: six criteria for character analysis developed by me British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, in an earlier paper mkis, 1977:117). Lundberg SW 5BD, London, England; CASC: California Acad- (1972)) Ross (1974), and Watrous and Wheeler emy of Science, Entomology, San Francisco, Cal- (1981) have detailed the methods of outgroup ifornia, 941 18; CNCI: Canadian National Collec- comparisons. tion of Insects, Entomology Research Institute, The assessment of a character state disconti- Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; FMNH: Field Museum nuity as being generic in magnitude is a highly of Natural I-Iistory, Entomology, Chicago, Illinois, subjective matter. It is the character state that 60605; JNRC: Jacques Rifkind Collection, 11322 makes the genus, not the genus that makes the Camarillo St., #304, North IHolly wood, California, character state. Mayr (1969) clearly summarized 91602; MCZC: Museum of Comparative Zoology this concept of the genus. Herein, I have Harvard University, Entomology, Cambridge, attempted to achieve a balance among the charac- Massachusetts, 02 138; MCMC: Museo de Historia ter state discontinuities judged to be generic in Natural de la Ciudad de Mexico, Apartado 18845, rank. That is, when a particular characteristic Mexico, D.F.; MNHN: Museum National d'Histoire gap(discontinuity) among the species was consid- Naturelle, Entomologie, 45 bis, Rue de Buffon, ered potentially a generic level discontinuity, I Paris (Ve), France; MZSP: Museu de Zoologia da compared the magnitude of observed difference Universidade de SBo Paulo, Caixa postal with the character state diflerence among other 7172,01.05, SBo Paulo, Brazil; USNM: National genera. Specifically, to establish subfamily rank I Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institu- used the presence of pronotal tactile organs (Figs. tion, Entomology, Washington D.C., 20560; OSUC: 3,6), serrulate protibia (Fig. 5), and geographic The Ohio State University, Museum of Biological distribution. For defining generic rank I relied on Diversity, 1315 Kinnear Road, Columbus, Ohio, structural differences of the metatibia, antenna, 43212; WFBC: William F. Barr Collection, 1415 ancl male genitalia. Borah Avenue, Moscow, Idaho, 83843; WFBM: Number of articles of the antenna is an William F. Barr Museum, Department of important diagnostic characteristic for placement Entomology, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, of specimens in their appropriate genera. 83844; WOPC: W eston Opitz Collection, Icansas Unfortunately, some of the antennal articles, \VesleyanUniversity, Department of Biology, 100 especially those of the funicle (Fig. 44)) are difficult East Claflin, Salina, Kansas, 67401. I am inclebted to discern. These articles are usually small and to the curators of these collections who entrusted profusely setose in some species to an extent that me with material in their charge. I am particularly their anatomical limits are indistinguishable. To greatful to William F. Barr and to Charles A. solve this problem I subject,cd an antenna to a hot Triplehorn for various courtesies including the solution of potassium hydroxide for some 15 review of this manuscript. This research was sup- minutes, then observed the antenna under tap ported by a National Science Foundation Grant water. This treatment expands the integument (DEB 7910 962). between the antennal articles thus clearly indicating their anatomical limits. In this publica- Subfamily Diagnosis tion, I have illu ~trat~edall t,he important character- Species of Epiphloeinae are readily distin- istics that identify the genera of Epiphloeinae. guished from other Cleridae by the presence of 2 Illustration and dissection techniques, and the discal and 2 paralateral punctiferous and setifer- use of descriptive terms, essentially follow those ous depressions (Figs. 3, 6) on the pronotum. The used in my earlier work with Perilypus (Ekis, anterior margin of the protibia is serrulate (Fig. 1977). 5) and the fourth tarsal article of the metatarsus Most of the borrowed specimens on which this is cryptic (Fig. 129). The members of this study is based have been returned to their owners subfamily are found only in the New World. Their identified andlabeled as species to be described or range extends from the United States to Central as species already described. The few specimens Argentina. INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 11, No. 1, March, 1997
Key to the Genera of Epipliloeinae 1. Antenna composed of 11 articles ...... 2 12(10).Elytralsurfacecorrugated, densely set with tuber- - Antenna composed of less than 11 articles ...... 3 cles and setose pencils (Fig. 105) ...... Megatraclrys, new genus 2(1).Antennal funicular articles approximately equal -Elytralsurface not corrugated and not densely set with in size (Fig. 7),articles not densely setose; meta- tubercles or setose pencils ...... &fadorhiella Pic tarsus with 2 pulvilli (Fig. 4); distal margin of metatibia with one spur (Fig. 10) ...... 13(9).Antennal article 6 nearly as large as antennal ...... Epiplrloeus Spinola article 8 (Fig. 121) ... Napsidopteris, new genus - Antennal funicular articles vary in size (Fig. 19), - Antennal article 6 much smaller than article 8 (Fig. sixth and eighth articles very small, seventh 130) ...... Teutorria, new genus article very large (Fig. 19); metatarsus with 3 pulvilli; distal margins of metatibia with 2 Genus Epiphloeus Spinola spurs (Fig. 20) ...... Pilosirus, new genus Figures 1-17, Map 1.
3(1). Proximal article of antennal club as long as or Epiplrloeus Spinola, 1841:75. Type species: Epiplrloet~s longer than funicle (Fig. 29)...... 4 duodecitrrrtraculatus (Klug). By subsequent designa- -Proximal article of antennal club shorter than funicle tion. Iclug, 1842:370. Gemminger and Harold, (Fig. 93) ...... 9 1869:1747. Gorliam, 1882:166. Guerin, 1874:273.Lo- hde, 1900:87. Schenkling, 1903:86,87. Gahan, 4(3). Antenna vested with filamentous setae (Fig. 29); 1910:71. Schenkling, 1910:114. Blackwelder, pronotum distinctly transverse (Fig. 26) ...... 1945:388. Corporaal, 1950:253. Winkler, 1961:59...... Plocatt~ocera Spinola IColibac, 1987,1989:38. -Antenna not vested with filanientous setae; pronotum quadrate or oblong ...... 5 Diagnosis: Specimens of E')i~~,liloeus have the antenna comprised of 11 articles and have two 5(4).Metatarsus with 2 pulvilli (Fig. 4) ...... pulvilli on the metatarsus. This combination of ...... Ior~toclerus, new genus -Metatarsus with one pulvillus (Fig. 58) ...... 6 characteristics will distinguish the members of this genusfrom allother known species of the subfamily 6(5).Antenna composed of 10 articles (Fig. 54) ...... 7 except those of Pilosirus, new genus, which differs - Antenna composed of less than 10 articles ...... 8 by having three pulvilli on the metatarsus. Description: Size: Length 48mm; width 1.5 - 7(6).Cranium and pronotum coarsely granulose; eyes 2 .Gmm. Form (Fig. 1 ): Elongate, about three times narrower than frons (Fig. 66) ...... longer than wide, pronotum subcluadrate, very ...... Arer~nria,new genus feebly transverse; elytral outer margin parallel in - Cranium and pronotum not coarsely granitlose; eyes basal fifth, arcuate, then convergingin apical three wider than frons (Fig. 52) ...... IclrrreaLaporte fifths. Integument: Heacl, thorax, and abdomen 8(6).Pronotuni tlistinctly oblong and notably narrow usually concolorous, rarely bicolorous, castaneous (Fig. 70);frons very narrow (Fig. 74);antenna or black, usually nitidus; elytron usually variegat- composed of 8 articles (Fig. 71) ...... ed, rarely maculate, smooth, rarely tuberculate; ...... Diaprorr~eces,new genus antenna usually concolorous, t,estaceous,fla~otest~a- - Pronotum quadrate (Fig. 80); frons not particularly ceous, or stramineous, rarely bicolorous. Vestiture: narrow (Fig. 79);antenna composed of 9 arti- Integumentco1~iouslyvestedkvith shortsetae; prono- cles (Fig. 83) ...... Pyticeroides Kuwert tum with two cliscal and two paralateral filamen- tous sensory setae; elytxon vesliture varies in direc- 9(3).Antenna1 funicle cylindrical (Fig. 93)...... 10 -Antenna1 funicle serrate (Fig. 121) ...... 13 tion of setae, setae fasciate or not, rarely penicil- late. Head (Fig. 2): Cranium finely or coarsely lO(9). Pronotum conspicuously oblong and cylindrical punct,ate; frons plane to convex; eyes prominently (Fig. 91) ...... 11 bulging, very deeply incised along frontal margin, - Pronotum quaclrate (Fig. 80) ...... 12 incision considerably dorsad to antennal insertion; eye facets very fine, narrower than ocular sut,ure; 1 l(10).Pronotal and elytral interpunctate surface smooth labrum emarginate to half its depth; mandible and shining ...... Ellipotottla Spinola subfalciform, prominently visible in repose, anteri- -Pronotal and elytral interpunctate surface arenose; or clens moderately accuminate; antenna (Fig. 7) elytral surface with tunlid pale markings ...... I Genus Pilosirus, new genus articles cylindric, basal club article shorter than Figures 18-23. Map 2. combined length of funicular articles, two basal club articles trigonal, last article ovoid, scape and Type-species: Pilosirus brunoi, new species. Here desig- pedicel equal in length to funicle, antenna longer nated. than pronotum, about as long as pronotum, or shorter than pronotum; gula crescentic. Thorax: Diagnosis: The most convenient distinguish- Pronotum (Fig. 3) feebly transverse, anterior mar- ing characteristic of beetles of this genus is the gin arcuately projecting or not, side expanded at presence of three metatarsal pulvilli. The large size middle, lower side with prominent carina, surface of funicular articles 5 and 7 (Fig. 19), when com- evenly rounded or undulated, with two discal and pared to funicular articles G and 8 are also diagnos- two lateral punctiferous and setiferous depressions tic for the members of this genus as is the presence (Figs. 3,6), pronotaldiscrarely tuberculate; elytron of two spurs on the distal margin of the metatibia shallow, rarely deep, usually slightly flared with (Fig. 20). slope evenly decumbent at micldle; surface puncta- Description: Size: Length 8mm; width 2.8mm. tions diminutive from humerus to apex; humeral Form (Fig. 18): Body elongate and shallow; prono- margin with prominent carina; surface rarely tu- tum quadrate, outer margin feebly expanded post- mescent; mesoscutellum (Fig. 9) trigonal; metatho- medially; elytra gradually explanate in basal four- racic wing as in figure 8; protibia with stout spines fifths. Vestiture: Integument copiously vested with on anterior margin; tarsal pulvillus present on shortreclinate andlongverticalsetae; antenna and second and third article of metatarsus (Fig. 4); one legs particularly pilose. Head: Cranium subrugose; stout spur present on distal margin of metatibia frons plane, as wide as eyes; eyes prominently (Fig. 10). Abdomen: Six visible sterna, posterior bulging, broadly incised, incision proximal to prom- margin of sternum 5 acut,ely arcuate in females inent antennalcarina, eye facets very fine; mouth- (Fig. 42), moclerately arcuate in males (Fig. 43). parts moderately prominent, labrum deeply emar- Male genitalia: Aedeagus as in figure 11, as long as ginate; mandible not particularly prominent in sterna 3-5 combined; int,ers~icularplate of spicular repose; antenna (Fig. 19) composed of 11 articles, fork (Fig. 12) slender and bifid, parameres highly distinctly longer than pronotum, loosely clubbed, reduced. Female genitalia: Ovipositor as in figures serrate articles 5 and 7 vastly larger than remain- 13 and 14, as long as abdomen; ventral lamina der of funicular articles, basal club article shorter serrate dist,ally, dorsal lamina bilobed. Alimentary than combined length of funicular articles; gula canal (Fig. 15): Esophagus very gradually increas- trapezoidal. Thorax: Pronotal disc shallowly con- ing in diameter posteriorly; proventriculus feebly vex, anterior and posterior margins linear, side bulbous; vent,riculus with ~oorlydeveloped papil- margins expanded behind micldle, lower sides with lae, bulbous at middle and tapered at extremities; prominent carina, discal and paralateral setiferous four cry1)tonephritlial malpighian tubules. Male clepressions poorly developed; elytron shallow, sides internal re~roductiveorgans (Fig. 16): Two pairs of acutely cleflected; mesoscutellum trigonal; protibia accessory glands, medial gland narrow and two- with seven short stout spines on anterior margin, thirds as long as broader lat,eral gland; testes com- spines somewhat truncated; tarsalpulvilluspresent prised of 12 follicles. Female internal reproductive on first, second, and thircl articles of metatarsus; organs (Fig. 17): Spermatheca elongate, not visibly clistal margin of metatibia with two stout spurs; sclerotizecl and with spermathecal gland attached metathoracic wing as in figure 23. Abdomen: Six subapically; bursa copulatrix not much longer than visible sterna. ~permat~hecalcomplex (spermathecal capsule and Distribution (Ma11 2): The only available spec- spermathecal duct,). imen of this genus was collected from Moyabamba, Distribution @/lap 1): The species of this ge- Peru. nus range from Central Mexico to Central Brazil where the majority of the species reside. One spe- Pilosirus brunoi, new species cies has been described from Cuba. Although Cor- Figures 18-23. Map 2. poraal (1950) attributes 37 species to this genus many more species await clescription. Holotype: Male. Peru, Moyabamba. 1888(M. de Mat,han)(MNHN). Paratypes: None INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 11, No. 1, March, 1997 5 5 Diagnosis: The presence of three metatarsal minger and Harold, 1869:llO. Guerin, 1874:274. pulvilli, two spurs on the distal margin of the Gorham, 1877:249; 1882:167. ICuwert, 1893:492. metatibia (Fig. 20), and the relative shape and size Lohde, 1900:88. Schenkling, 1903:86,88. Gahan, of the funicular articles of the antenna (Fig. 19) 1910:73. Chapin, 1927:5. Blackwelder, 1945:388. easily distinguish- the members of this snecies with- Corporaal, 1950:255. Winkler, 1961:59. in Epiphloeinae. Diagnosis: The members of this genus are Description: Size: Length 8mm; width 2.8mm. conveniently identified by the extensive, filament- Integument: Cranium black, clypeus and labrum like setae on the antenna (Fig.29). flavotestaceous, antenna castaneous; pronotumfla- Description: Size: Length 48mm; width votestaceous paralaterally, castaneous discally and 1.52.8mm. Form (Fig. 24): Elongate, somewhat ventrally; legs castaneous except basal half of fe- ovate, about three times longer than wide; prono- mur flavotestaceous; elytra castaneous in basal tum (Fig. 26) distinctly transverse(30-20); elytral half and apical third except postmedial flavotesta- epipleuralmargin feebly or strongly arcuate. Integ- ceous fascia narrowly extended to humeral angle; ument: head, thorax, and abdomen variously bicol- metathorax and abdomen castaneous. Vestiture: orous, stramineous to castaneous: pronotum usual- dorsum copiously vested with short reclinate and ly pale at sides, disc usually infuscated; elytral long vertical setae; venter sparsely setose; antenna surface usually variegated, rarely concolorous, stra- and legs particularly setose. Head: Antenna more mineous, castaneous or mixture of both, with pale than twice length of pronotum (75-30); funicular or dark setae aggregated into patches of diverse articles 6 and 8 relatively small, trigonal, articles shapes, patches sometimes fasciate; antenna1funi- and 7 greatly expanded; gula trapezoidal. Thorax: cle testaceous, club piceous. Vestiture: Integument Pronotal discal ancl paralateral setiferous depres- copiously vested with short recumbent setae; an- sions feebly cleveloped, pronotal side border cari- tenna (Fig. 29) with very long filamentous setae; nate, length equals width, surface finely punctate, discal and paralateral sensory setae of pronotum outer margin feebly expanded behindmiddle, ante- (Figs. 26,27) particularly conspicuous; elytra vest- rior and posterior margins linear; elytron very ed with stout reclinate setae, setae particularly gradually expanded to rounded apex, strongly de- robust along humeral, sutural, and epipleural mar- flexed laterally, epipleural fold conspicuous, hu- gins, later with three to seven erect filamentous meral margin with conspicuous carina; metatho- setae (Fig. 30). Head (Fig. 253): Cranium finely racic wing as in figure 23; protibia with short stout punctate; frons plane; eyes prominently bulging, spines on anterior margin; metatibia with two very deeply incised along frontal margin, incision apical spurs; metatarsus with three pulvilli. Abdo- nearly expanded to half width of eye; eye facets men: Posterior margin of sternum 5 acutely arcu- very fine, narrower than ocular suture; labrum ate. Male genitalia: Aedeagus as in figure 21, as emarginated to more than halfits clepth; mandible long as sternum 3-5 combined, phallus prominent, subfalciform; antenna (Fig. 29) composed of 10 with stoutly developed apex, parameres acuminate articles, with long filamentous setae, very loosely and fimbriate, spicular fork (Fig. 22) well sclero- clubbed, pedicel globate, funicular articles subcy- tized, interspicular plate not bifid distally. lindric, basal club article as long as combined length Distribution (Map 2): The holotype, the only of funicular articles, club articles elongate and known specimen of this species, was collected from tapered, outline of article ten unclulated, antenna the Northern Andes of Moyabamba, Peru. distinctly longer than pronotum; gula broadly crcs- Etymology: This species is dedicated to my centic. Thorax: Pronotum (Fig. 26) conspicuously biologic father. After an extensive study of my transverse, anterior margins prominently project- family genealogy I have taken the name of my ing, posterior margin sinuous, subapical depres- biologic father. I have legally changed my name sion prominent, with two small tliscal elevations, from Ginter Ekis to Weston Opitz. discal and paralateral setiferous punctations par- Genus Plocamocera Spinola ticularly prominent (Figs. 26, 27); elytron finely Figures 24-35. Map 1. punctate, epipleural margin moderately or strong- ly oval, with three to seven long setae; mesoscutel- Plocarrtocera Spinola, 1844a:17. Type-species: Plo- 1um (Fig. 32) trapezoidal; metathoracic wing as in carnocerasericeZZaSpinola, 1844x19. By monotypy. figure 31; protibia (Fig. 28) with one to five stout Lacordaire, 1857:468. Desmarest, 1860:265. Gem- spines; metacoxa and metafemur particularly ro- llume 11, No. 1, March, 1997, INSECTA MUNDI bust; tarsal pulvillus present on third article of decumbentfine setae, lattervery notable on elytron, metatarsus; distal margin of metatibia with one elytral setae appear silky; setae on antennal club stout spur. Abdomen: Six visible sterna. Male (Figs. 41,44) abundant and conspicuously short; genitalia: Aedeagus as in figure 36, as long as discal and paralateral (Figs. 39,40) setiferous punc- sterna 35 combined, base of tegmen angular or not; tures well developed. Head: Cranium finely punc- interspicular plate of spicular fork (Fig. 37) slender tate; frons plane; eyes bulging and globose, deeply and bifid; parameres highly reduced. Alimentary incised along frontal margin, incision considerably canal (Fig. 35): Proven triculus bulbous; ventricu- dorsad to antennal insertion; eye facets very fine, lus slightly expanded anteriorly, then narrowed narrower than ocular suture; vertex narrowed; and expanded in middle third, ventricular papillae labrum deeply emarginate; mandible subfalciform; feebly developed; four cryptonephridial malpighian antenna (Fig. 44) composed of 10 articles, loosely tubules. Male internal reproductive organs (Fig. clubbed, funicular articles feebly serrate, basal 33): One pair of accessory glancls; testis comprised club article longer than combined length of funicu- of 12 follicles. Female internal reproductive organs lar articles, first two club articles trigonal, last (Fig. 34): Spermatheca notvisibly sclerotized,joined article ovoid, scape and pedicel as long as length of with spermathecal gland subapically; bursa copul- funicular articles combined, antenna longer than atrix twice length of spermatheca. pronotum; gula trapezoidal. Thorax: Pronotum Distribution(Map 1): Ploca~r~ocerabeetles (Fig. 39) transverse, anterior margin feebly sinu- have a distribution that extendsfrom Mexico to the ous, side margins feebly arcuate in posterior half, lower latitudes of Paraguay. They are most prom- posterior margin feebly carinate at middle; subap- inently known to occur throughout the Amazon ical depression feebly indicated; disc slightly con- Basin. To date, there are four valicl species names vex; discal and paralateral setiferous depressions under the genus, however, I have identified several well developed; elytron punctations very fine; epi- aclditional species that will need to be described. pleural margin very apparent when viewed from side; mesoscutellum (Fig. 50) ovoid; metathoracic Genus Iontoclerus, new genus wing as in figure 45; protibia with stout spines Figures 38-50. Map 3. along entire anterior margin; tarsal pulvillus present on second and third article of metatarsus; Type-species:El~opliu~ri 11.u1r~erale Illug, 1842373.Here metatibia with one stout spur on distal margin. designated. Iot~toclerusI~un~eralis (I-Clug). New Com- Abdomen: With six visible sterna, posterior mar- bination. Epiphloeus trtargil~ellusSpinola, 1844:15. New Synonymy. Icht~eal~t~lneralis Spinola, 1844: 16 gin of sternum 5 projecting at middle in female (Fig. (nec I?;lug 1842).New Synonymy. Icl~neal~umeralis 42), evenly roundedin males (Fig. 43). Male genita- var. irrita Wolcott, 1912:76.New Synonymy. Apolo- lia: Aedeagus as in figure 46, as long as sterna 3-5 pl~avittata Pic, 1936:127. New Synonymy. combined; pararneres reduced; in terspicular plate slender and feebly bificl; phallobasic apodeme and Diagnosis: Among epi~hloeinebeetles only phallic struts explanate distally. Alimentary canal those belonging to Iorctocderus have the following (Fig. 49): Proventriculus feebly bulbous; ventricu- characteristic combination: Antenna composed of lus slender in anterior half, clistended in remain- 10 articles ancl metatarsus with two pulvilli. der; four cryptonephridial malpighian tubules Description: Size: Length 6.8-8.0mm; width present. Male int,ernal reprocluctive organs (Fig. 2.2-2.8mm. Form (Fig. 38): Body elongate with 47): With two pairs of accessory glands, lateral pair tendency toward rectangulate, about three times three times longer than medial pair; testis com- longer than wide; pronotum transverse (3525); ely- prised of 50 follicles. 48): spermatheca somewhat tral outer margin parallel in basal three-fourths, acuminate, not visibly sclerotized, spermathecal then convergingin apical fourth, midclle halfof side gland at,tached subapically. margins feebly convex or not. Integument: Crani- Distribution (Map 3): This genus is widely um concolorous, brown orflavotestaceous andsome- clistribu tecl in South America ranging from French what rubescent; antenna uniformly dark brown; Guiana to Northeastern Argentina. There are two pronotum castaneous or flavotestaceous; pterotho- known species. rax and abdomen castaneous; elytra uniformly brown, with greenish tinge or castaneous and with pale humeral streak; legs flavotestaceous or casta- neous. Vestiture: 1ntegument~)rofuselyvestedwith INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 11, No. 1, March, 1997 Genus Ichnea Laporte longer than combined length of funicular articles, Figures 51-65. Map 4. last article particularly elongated or conspicuously short, antenna longer than pronotum; gula trape- Ichr~ea,Laporte, 1836:35. Type-species: Ichr~ealycoides zoidal. Thorax: Pronotum longer than broad (25- Laporte, 1836:55.By original designation. Spinola, 23)) constricted in anterior half pig. 55) or not 1841:75, 1844a:20. Le Conte, 1849:31, 1861:197. Le constricted (Fig. 56), discal and paralateral setifer- Conte and Horn, 1883:219. Lacordaire, 1857:476. ous punctures conspicuous, setiferous punctations Desmarest,, 1860:265. Gemlninger and Harold, 1869:1751. Chevrolat, 1876:7. Guerin, 1874:275. of disc set in shallow depression; pronotal surface Gorham, 1877a:409, 1883:178. Lohde, 1900:lOO. finely punctate; elytron longitudinally carinate or Schenkling, 1903:98,101.Gahan, 1910:68.Blackweld- not, elytra narrow atbase then broadly expandedin er, 1945:389.Corporaal, 1950:270.Winkler, 1961:61. posterior half, elytralsurfacefinely punctate, punc- Barr, 1962:123. tures nearly serially arranged; mesoscutellum (Fig. 65) globose; metathoracic wing as in figure 59; Diagnosis: Most of the species of this genus protibia (Fig. 57) with 10 or more spines on anterior belong to a large mimetic complex involving Ly- margin; metatibia with one apical spur; metatarsus cidae andLampyridae (and a variety of other clerid with one pulvillus (Fig. 58). Abdomen: Six visible genera). Incleed, the genus may be divided into two sterna. Male genitalia: Aedeagus as in figure GO, groups in accordance with the habitus similarities ventral sinus well definetl, phallobase espandetl at to the above mentioned families. Once identified as base; interspicular plate of spicular fork (Fig. 63) an epiphloeine, however, specimens of this genus slender and bificl. Alimentary canal (Fig.62): Sto- may be identified by the following combination of modaeum proportionally very short when com- characteristics: Antenna comprised of 10 articles, pared tolength ofventriculus, latter slender, slight,ly basal article of antennal club as long or longer than swollen posteriorly; four cryptonephridial mal- funicle, metatarsus with one pulvillus, and eyes pighian tubules. Male internal reproductive organs always wider than frons. (Fig. 61): Two pairs of accessory glands, meclial Description: Size: Length 6.5-11.5mm; width gland half length as broader lateral gland; testes 24mm. Form (Fig. 5 1): Elongate, with the forebody comprised of 12 to 30 follicles. Female internal considerably narrower than the posterior region of reproductive organs (Fig. 64): Spermat,hcca not the elyt,ra, latter about four times longer than wide; notably sclerotized; spermathecal gland attached pronotum oblong; elytra contract,ed at base, ex- to subapes of spermathecal glancl; bursa copulatris panded in posterior half or more. Integument: bulging. Cranium flavous, usually with piceous macula be- Distribution (h/Iap 4): This widely distributetl hind eyes; pronotum usually bicolorous, testaceous genus ranges from the United States to Ccntxal andpiceous, rarely uniformly roseate; elytron usu- Argentina. Currently there are 36 nominal species ally bicolorous, flavotestaceous and piceous, rarely some of which need to be synonymizeci. Also, there unicolorous beingflavotestaceous or piceous, some- are several new species that await description. times with a violaceous tinge ifpiceous; pterotho- rax and abdomen piceous; legs unicolorous, piceous Genus Arenaria, new genus or bicolorous, if bicolorous, piceous and flavotesta- Figures 66-69. Map 2. ceous. Vestitare: 1ntegumentco1)iouslyvestedwith short and fine setae, ~)art,icularlycranium, prono- Type-species:Arer~nrinchic~.~)as, new species. turn ancl elytra; discal ant1 paralateral sensory setae of pronotum pronounced. Head: Frons vary- Diagnosis: The members of this genus have ing in widt,h (Fig. 52,529, distinctly concave, deeply the cranium and the pronotum densely arena- indented in some species; eyes not particularly ceous, the wiclth of the frons is greater than the bulging, eyes occupy major portion of lateral region width of the eyes, t,he pronotum is qu*dc 1 rate or of cranium; eyes deeply incised, antennal carina subquadrate, and the elytra are strongly clcflesecl near incision; eye facets fine, same width as width along their p~st~humeralmargin, the antenna are of ocular suture; manclible falciform, prominently as in figure 67. visible in repose, anterior dens subacuminate; an- Description: Size: Length 6.5- 10.5mm; widlh tenna (Fig. 54) composed of 10 articles, loosely 2-3mm. Form (Fig. 66): Bocly elongate; pronotum clubbed, funicular art,icles clecreasing in promi- quadrate or transverse, outer margin espancled at nence from article 3 t,o article 7, article 8 as long or middle or posterior to micldle; elytra rectangulate, 3lunie 11, No. 1, March, 1997, INSECTA MUNDI posthumeral margin strongly deflexed and feebly 72), articles five andseven very narrow and acumi- expanded to rounded apex . Vestiture: Integument nate, basal article of club as long as composite copiously vested with short reclinate setae; prono- length of funicular articles; gula trapezoidal. Tho- tal sensory setae feebly developed; antenna and rax: Pronotal discal and paralateral setiferous de- legs densely pilose. Head: Cranium coarsely gran- pressions feebly developed, pronotal side margin ulose; frons plane or feebly concave; eyes small, not expanded at middle, quadrate, surface coarsely particularly bulging and not wider than frons, punctate, pronotal anterior margin feebly project- broadly incised with incision distal to prominent ing at middle, posterior margin feebly carinate and antenna1 carina; eye facets very fine; mouthparts linear; elytron rectangulate, acutely deflexed be- not particularly projecting; labrum deeply emar- hind humeral angle, 14 rows of elytral punctations ginate; mandible not prominent in repose; antenna present, punctures serially distributed; protibia (Fig. 67) composed of 10 articles, distinctly longer with one large and four small spines on anterior than pronotum, loosely clubbed, funicular articles margin; distal margin of metatibia with one spur; compacted, article 6 sometimes largest article in pulviIlus present on third metatarsus. Male genita- funicle, article eight as long or longer than com- lia: Aedeagus as in figure 68. Male internal repro- bined length of funicular articles; gula trapezoidal. ductive organs (Fig. 69): Two pairs of accessory Thorax: Pronotal disc coarsely arenaceous, slight- glands, lateral pair twice length of medial pair; ly expanded at middle or posterior to middle, ante- testis comprised of 12 follicles. rior margin slight,ly projecting and carinate, poste- Distribution: The only known specimen of rior margin linear and carinate; discal andparalat- this species was collected in Southern Mexico. era1 setiferous depressions poorly developed; elytron Etymology: The trivial name, cliicrpcrs, consti- shallow, sides acutely deflected; mesoscutellum tutes a noun in apposition ant1 refers to the type- quadrate or feebly transverse; protibia spinous at locality. anterior margin; metatibia with one spur on distal margin; tarsal pulvillus present on third article of Genus Diapromeces, new genus metatarsus. Abdomen: Comprised of 6 visible Figures 70-77. Map 2. sterna. Type-species: Diaprorrteces acl.ydis, new species Distribution (Map 2): Specimens of this genus have been collectetl from Southern Mexico. Diagnosis: Narrow beetles of Epiphloeinae ranging in size from 5 to 8mm and whose antenna Arenaria ch,iapas, new species (Fig. 71) are composed of eight articles belong to Figures 66-69. Map 2. this genus. Also, these beetles have mandibles that Holotype: Male. Mexico, Chiapas, 24miles (39 are clearly falciform, eyes that occupy nearly the Kilometers) Northwest Comitan, 31-VII-1974(2164 entire lateral aspects of the cranium, and a prono- meters) (L. ancl C.W.O'Brien) (MCMC). tum that is narrow, cylindric, and nearly twice as Paratypes: None. long as wide. Diagnosis: The specimens of this species can Description: Size: Length 5-8mm; width be easily distinguished from its congeneres by the 12mm. Form (Fig. 70): Bocly slender and shallow; flavotestaceous coloration of the dorsum. The lower pronotum cylindric, oblong, and feebly expanded to sides of the cranium, pronotum, and deflexed por- posterior margin; elytron gradually expandecl t,o tion of the elytra are piceous. The eyes are partic- posterior fifth, then gradually constrictfed to nar- ularly small and the frons is not concave. rowly rounded apex. Vestiture: Integument vested Description: Size: Length 7.5mm; width 2mm. sparsely with fine setae. Head: Cranium subrugose; Integument: Cranium flavotestaceous dorsally, frons very narrow; eyes occupy major portion of castaneous ven trally; pronotal disc flavotestaceous, lateral region of cranium, eyes feebly incised ante- with two infuscatecl regions at sides, lower sides riorly, eye facets fine; mouthparts very prominent and venter of pronotum castaneous; elytral disc in repose; labrum deeply emarginate; antenna (Fig. flavotestaceous, castaneous in deflexed portion be- 71) with eight articles and longer than pronotum; low p~st~humeralmargin; antenna, legs, pterotho- gula trapezoidal. Thorax: Pronoturn oblong and rax, and abdomen castaneous . Vestiture: Dorsum rugosely punctate, disc evenly convex; elyt,ra shal- copiously vested wilh short flavous settae, venter, low, contracted at the base then gradually expand- antenna, and legs tvit,h ca~t~aneoussetae. Head: ecl to apex; mesoscutellum lobate; protibia spinous Antenna more than twice length of pronotum (175- on anterior margin; distal margin of metatibia with 1 INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 11, No. 1, March, 1997 one spur; tarsal pulvillus present on third article of 1945:388. Corporaal, 1950:253. Winkler, 1961:59. metatarsus. Abdomen: Six visible sterna. A'eicllr~eaWolcott and Chapin, 1918:108. New Syn- Distribution (Map 2 ): The specimens exam- onymy. ined were collected from the environs of Nova Teutonia, in Brazil. Diagnosis: Epiphloeine beetles belong to this genus if they have nine antenna1 articles and a Diapromeces aclydis, new species quadrate pronotum whose disc is pronouncedly Figures 70-77. Map 2. indented paralaterally. Description: Size: Length 4-6mm; width Holotype: Male. Brazil, Santa Catarina, Nova 1.22mm. Form ( Fig . 78 ): Elongate, about three Teutonia, VII- 13-1941, 27 degrees 11 inches Lati- times longer than wide; pronotum quadrate (Fig. tude, 52 degrees 23 inches Longitude (Fritz Plau- 80) feebly expanded in posterior half, elytral outer mann) (AMNH). margin sublinear. Integument: Cranium and tho- Paratypes: Four specimens. Locality data as rax usually bicolorous, piceous, and testaceous, in holotype except collection dates X-22-64(1,WOPC) rarely unicolorous, if unicolorous, predominantly andXI1973 at300 to 500meters (1,WOPC; 2,WFBC). testaceous; elytra piceous; legs, pterothorax and Diagnosis: The specimens of this species can abdomen usually piceous, rarely testaceous; anten- be conveniently identified by their form (Fig.70) na piceous. Vestiture: Integument copiously vested and by the reduction of the antenna (Fig.71) to with depressed short setae; discal and paralateral eight articles. Also, the elytral punctations are sensory setae ofpronotumvery conspicuous. Head: arranged into ten seriate rows. Cranium ( Fig . 79 ) finely punctate; frons feebly Description: Size: Length 58mm; width 12mm. concave; eyes prominently bulging and deeply in- Integument: Teneral individuals show flavotesta- cised along front,al margin; eye facets fine; labrurn ceous andinfuscated legs and an oblique pale fascia (Fig. 81) deeply incised; mandible falciform and on the elytron, nonteneral specimens are undormly very conspicuous in repose; antenna (Fig. 83) com- piceous. Vestiture: Dorsum and venter not partic- posed of nine art,icles, loosely clubbed, funicular ularly pilose. Head (Fig. 74): Antenna (Fig. 71) articles increasing in diameter towards apex; basal nearly twice length of pronotum(ll0-GO), funicular club article longer than combined length of funicu- articles subcylindric, last article globose; mandi- lar articles, antenna longer than pronotum; gula bles particularly falciform and conspicuous in re- trapezoidal. Thorax: Pronotum (Figs. 80,82) quad- pose; eyes feebly incised. Thorax: Pronotum cylin- rate, slightly constricted anteriorly, with two well- dric and only feebly expanded to base, discal and developed broad indentations on the disc paralat- paralateral setiferous depressions (Figs. 75,77) not eracl and behind the middle; cliscal ancl ~aralateral conspicuous, side margins sublinear, anterior mar- setiferous depressions conspicuous (Figs. 80,82); gin feebly concave; elyt,ral surface with 10 rows of elytral outer margin only feebly espanded to round- punctations, elytron feebly expandecl towards con- ed apex, surface coarsely punctate wit,h 10 rows of stricted apices; protibia with six distinct spines on seriate punctations: mesoscutellum (Fig. 88) with anterior margin; metatarsus withpulvilluson third sinuous margin; metathoracic wing as in figure 87; article (Fig. 76); metatibia with one spine on distal protibia (Fig. 84) with five stout spines on anterior margin. Male genitalia: Aecleagus as in figure 72; margin; pulvillus present on third metfatarsalarti- tegmen well sclerotized; in terspicular plate of spic- cle; one spur on distal margin of metatibia. Abdo- ular fork (Fig. 73) slender and bifid distally. men: With six visible sterna. Male genitalia: Aedea- Distribution (Map 2): The beetles available gus as in figure 85; int,erspicular plate of spicular for study were collected from the type-locality. fork (Fig. 80) slender and bifid. Alimentary canal Etymology: The t,rivial name is from the Latin (Fig. 86): Ventriculus swollen in middle half, ta- nclys(= a small javelin). I refer to the lanceolat,e pered at e~t~remities;four cryptonephridial mal- shape of this beetle. pighian tubules. Male internal reproductive organs Fig. 90): Two pairs of accessory glands, medial pair Genus Pyticeroides Kuwert shorter than lateral pair. Figures 78-90. Map 4. Distribution (Map 4): This widely distributed Pyticeroides Iluwert, 1894:7. Type-species:~yticeroides genus ranges from Northeastern United States t,o arroga~~sKuwert. By original designation. Iluwert, Southern Brazil. 1894:7,9. Lohde, 1900:103. Schenltling, 1903:112. Gahan, 1910:73. Chapin, 1927:8. Blackwelder, olume 11, No. 1, March, 1997, INSECTA MUNDI Genus Ellipotoma Spinola Genus Katamyurus, new genus Figures 91-100. Map 5. Figures 101-104. Map 2. Ellipotor~ta,Spinola, 1844x36. Type-species: ELEpoto- Type-species: ICatantyurus paxillus, new species rrta terruiforntis Spinola, 1844~38.By original des- ignation. Lacordaire, 1857:472. Desmarest, Diagnosis: Elongate beetles of Epiphloeinae 1860:267. Gemminger and Harold, 1869:1750. Lo- that are five times longer than wide and that have hde, 1900:96. Gorham, 1877:263. Schenkling, flavous tumid patches on the elytra (Fig. 101) 1903:88,95. Gahan, 1910:73. Wolcott, 1911:124. Blackwelder, 1945:388. Corporaal, 1950:252. Win- belong to this genus. Also, these beetles are charac- kler, 1961:59. terized by a springlike extension attached to the subapex of the phallus (Fig. 102). Diagnosis: The members of Ellipotoma have Description: Size: Length 5-Gmm; width the antenna comprised of 10 articles, the body form 1.5mm. Form (Fig. 101): Body elongate, about five is narrow and cylindric, and the interpunctural times longer than wide; pronotum longer than space of the elytra (Fig. 94) is smooth and shiny. wide, outer margin feebly expanded at middle. Description: Size: Length 3.5-5mm; width Vestiture: Integument copiously vested with pi- 11.5mm. Form (Fig. 91): Elongate and cylindric; ceous and flavous setae. Head: Cranium rugose elytral outer margin feebly expanded behind mid- and coarsely punctate; frons plane, as wide as eyes; dle. Integument: Scape, pedicel, and legs flavous, eyes not part,icularly bulging, broadly incised, inci- remainder piceous except elytra with postmedial sion distal t,o well-developed antenna1 carina, eye flavous fascia. Vestitcure: Frons (Fig. 92) densely facets fine; mouthparts prominently visible in re- vested with clepressed setae, remainder of integu- pose, labrum deeply emarginate; antenna with 10 ment sparsely vested with setae, setae on elytron articles; funicular articles subcylinclric, basal arti- (Fig. 94) are of uniform length. Head (Fig. 92): cle of club shorter than combined length of funicu- Cranium subrugosely punctate; fronsnarrow, plane; lar articles; gula crescentic. Thorax: Pronotal disc eyes occupy major portion of lateral region of crani- rugose, coarsely punctate, outer margin feebly ex- um, eyes not deeply incised along frontal margin, panded at middle, sensory setiferous punctations eye facets very fine; mandible falciform, promi- present; protibia with short stout spines on anteri- nently visible in repose; antenna pig. 93) com- or margin; mesoscutellum transverse; elytron posed of 10 art,icles, loosely clubbecl, funicular arti- coarsely punctate, with small punctiform tumes- cles cylindric, eight article shorter than combined cent regions; metathoracic wing as in figure 104; length offunicular articles, antenna not projecting anterior margin of protibia serrulated; distal mar- beyond posterior margin of pronotum; gula trape- gin of metatibia with one spur; tarsal pulvillus zoiclal. Thorax: Pronoturn longer than broad (65- present on third article of metatarsus. Abdomen: 40), cylindric, discal, and paralateral sensory setae Six visible sterna. Male genitalia (Fig. 102): Phal- conspicuous; mesoscutellum lobate; metathoracic lus with springlike subapical extension. wing as in figure 97; protibia pig. 95) with stout Distribution (Map 2 ): Specimens of this ge- spines on anterior margin; tarsal pulvillus present nus have been collected from Mexico and Nicara- on third metatarsal article; one stout spur present gua. The beetles from Mexico are members of an on distal margin of metatibia. Abdomen: Six visi- undescribed species. ble sterna. Male genitalia: Aecleagus as in figure Katanzyr~r.uspaxillus, new species 100; interspicular plate of spicular fork (Fig. 98) Figures 101-104. Map 2 slender and bifid. Male internal reproductive or- gans (Fig. 99): With two pairs of accessory glands, Holotype: Female. Nicaragua, Cerro Cimbo- medial pair half length of lateral pair. Female razo, 13 " 02 " North, 85 " 56 " West,, Elevation 1400 internal reproductive organs (Fig. 96): Spermathe- m, 20 Nov. 7 1 (Stockwell) (USNM). cal gland attached to subapex of spermatheca. Paratypes: One specimen with locality data Distribution (Map 5): The species of this ge- same as holotype ( WOPC ) . nus range from Costa Rica to Brazil. It is likely that Diagnosis: From the other members of this the genus will be assessed monotypic in the future, genus,paxillu,s specimens may be distinguished by despite the listing of four Ellipotorr~aspecies in the their elytral markings ( Fig .lo1 ) . Corporaal catalogue (Corporaal, 1950). INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 11, No. 1, March, 1997 Description: Size: Length 6mm; width 1.5mm. tuberculate, outer margin conspicuously expanded Integument: Cranium, thorax, elytron, and abdo- at middle; sensory setiferous punctations present; men predominantly castaneous; elytron with hu- mesoscutellum trigonal; elytral disc tuberculate, merus and disc partially flavotestaceous; antennal outer margin parallel; metathoracic wing as in article 9 and 10 piceous, other articles flavotesta- figure 108; protibia with stout spines on anterior ceous; legs flavotestaceous and infuscated. Vesti- margin; tarsal pulvillus present on third article of ture: Integument copiously vested with short setae, metatarsus; distal margin of metatibia with one setae pale on flavotestaceous portions of integu- spur. Abdomen: With six visible sterna. Male ment, piceous in remainder. Read: Antenna (Fig. genitalia: Aedeagus as in figure 107. 103) slightly longer than pronotum, funicular arti- Distribution (Map 2 ): This genus is known cles subcylindric, club article eight trigonal, nine only from Chiapas, Mexico. transverse, and 10 oval. Thorax: Pronotal discal and paralateral setiferous depressions feebly de- Megatrachys paniculus, new species veloped; side margins of pronotum feebly expanded Figures 105-108. &/lap 2. atmiddle, pronotum consiclerably longer than broad (60-50), surface rugose ancl coarsely punctate; Holotype: hfale, Mexico, Chiapas, 5 miles (8 elytron rectangulate, outer margin linear, disc fee- I des Insectes: Genera des Coleopteres. Librairie En- Schenkling, S. 1903. Coleoptera Malacodermata: Fam. cyclopedique de Roret, Paris. Cleridae. Fascicle 13 ir~P. Wytsman, Genera Insec- Laporte, de C. 1836. Etudes entomologiques, ou de- torum Pages 1-124. Bruxelles. scriptions d'insectes nouveauxe et observations sur Schenkling, S. 1906. Die Cleriden des Deutschen En- la synonymy. Silberrnann Revue Entomologique 4:5- tomologischen National Museums, nebst Beschrei- 60. bungen neur Arten. Deutsche Entomologische Le Conte, J. L. 1849. Synopsis of the coleopterus insects Zeitschrift 1:241-320. ofthe group Cleridae which inhabit the United States. Schenkling, S. 1910. Coleopterorum Catalogus aus- AnnalsoftheLyceum of Natural Iiistory, New York. piciis et auxilio W. Junk editus S. Schenkling, Pars 5:9-35 23 S. Schenkling, Cleridae. Berlin Le Conte, J. L. 1861. Classification of the Coleoptera of Spinola, M. 1841. Monographie des Teredilles. Revue North America. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collec- zoologique par La Societe Cuvierrienne 4:70-76. tions. Cleridae (1862) 3: 194-198. Spinola, M. 1844. Essai monographique sur les Cler- Le Conte, J. L., and G. H. Horn. 1883. Classification ites: Insectes Coleopteres. Volume I. 386Pages. Genes. of the Coleoptera of North America. Smithsonian Spinola, M. 1844a. Essai monographique sur les Cler- Miscellaneous Collections 26(50): 1-567. ites: Insectes Coleopteres. Volunle 2. 216 Pages. Lepesme, P. 1947. Fanlille des Cleridae, In: E. Fleu- Genes. tiaux, C. Legros, and R. Paulian. Fauna de L'Empire Watrous, L. E., and Q. D. Wheeler. 1981. The out- Francais. VII. Coleopteres des Antilles. Vol. 1. Par- group coinparison method of character analysis. is. Systematic Zoology 30(1): 1-11. Lohde, R. 1900. Cleridarum Catalogus. Stettiner Ento- Winkler, J. R. 1961. Die Buntliafer(C1eridae). Page 59. mologische Zeitung 61:87. A. Zieinsen Verlag. Wittenberg Lutherstadt. Lundberg, J. 6.1972. Wagner networlts and ancestors. Wolcott,A. B. 1911. New American Cleridae, with notes SystematicZoology 21 :398-413. on others (Coi.) Entomalogical News 21:115-25. Mawdsley,J. R. 1994. Minlicry in Cleridae (Coleoptera). Wolcott, A. B. 1944. A generic review of the subfamily ColeopteristsBullotin 48(2): 115-125. Phyllobaeninae (Olim Hydnocerinae) (Col.). Journal Mayr, E. 1969. Principles of Systenlatic Zoology. 328 of the Entomological Society 52: 121-152. Pages. McGrawIiill, New Yorlt. Wolcott, A. B. 1947. Catalogue of North Atnerican Pic, M. 1935. Melanges Exotico Entomologiques 65: 10 beetles of the family Cleritlae. Fielcliana: Zoology (8 avril). 32(2):63-105. Ross, H. H. 1974. Biological Systematics. 345 Pages. Wolcott, A. B., and E. A. Chapin. 1918. Notes on AddisonWesley Co. Inc., Reading, Massachusetts. Cleridae. Bulletin of the Broolilyn Entomological Say, T. 1825. Description of new coleopterous insects Society 13(5): 107-108. inhabiting the United States. Journal of the Acad- emy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5: 160-204. 6 6 Volume 11, No. 1, March, 1997, INSECTA MUNDI Fig. 1. Epiphloec~ssetulosc~s: habitus. INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 11, No. 1, March, 1997 67 Figs. 2-7.Ephiphloeus dr~odeci~rtr~~uculutus:2. I-Iead; 3. Pronoturn; 4. Metatibin 311d metatarsus; 5. Protibia; 6. Filamentous setne of pronotum; 7. Antenna. 6 8 Volume 11, No. 1, March, 1997, INSECTA MUNDI Figs. 8-17. Epiphloe~ssInrscorerLs: 8. Metathoracic wing; 9. Mesoscutellum; 10. Metatibia; 11. Aedeagus; 12. Spicular fork; 13-14. Ovipositor; 13. Dorsal view; 14. Ventral view; 15. Alimentary canal; 16. Male internal reproductive organs; 17. Female internal reproductive organs. INSECTA MUNDI. Vol. 11. No. 1. March. 1997 69 Figs. 18-23. Pilosirus bricrloi: 18. Habitus; 18. Antenna; 20. Metatibiae; 22. Spicular fork; 23. Metathoracic wing. 70 Volume 11, No. 1, March, 1997, INSECTA MUNDI Figs. 21-28.: 24. Ploccir~iocercccor~frater hnbitus; 25-28. Plocurnoceru coc~ctilis,head; 26. Pronoturn; 27. Filamentous seta of pronotum; 28. Protibia. INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 11, No. 1, March, 1997 71 Figs. 29-37.29. Plocanzocera sericella antenna; 30. Plocarnocera cor~fraterelytra; 31. Plocarrtocera sericellametathoracic wing; 32. Mesoscutellum; 33. Male internal reproductive organs; 34. Female internal reproductive organs; 35. Alimentary canal; 36. Aedeagus; 37. Plocarnocera cor~fraterspicular forlc. 72 Volume 11, No. 1, March, 1997, INSECTA MUNDI Figs. 38-43. Iot~toclerusl~ur~~ercrlis:38.Habitus; 39. Forebody; 40. Posterolateral aspect ofpronotum; 41. Antenna; 42.Ventralaspect of female abdomen; 43. Ventral aspect of male abdomen. INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 11, No. 1, March, 1997 73 f unicle Figs. 44-50. Iorttoclevus 1tu111el.alis:44. Antenna; 45. Metathoracic wing; 46. Aedeagus; 47. Male internal reproductive organs; 48. Female internal reproductive organs; 49. Alimentary canal; 50. mesoscutellum 74 Volume 11, No. 1, March, 1997, INSECTA MUNDI Figs. 51-54. 51. Icl~r~eaopucu habitus; 52. Icl~t~eapraeustahead; 53. Ichtlea fret~utuhead. 54. Iclttlea opuca antenna. INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 11, No. 1, March, 1997 75 Figs. 55-58.: 55. Iclrriea ~rrexicarruforebody; 56. Ichrrea prueustu forebody; 57. Ichrlea opuca protibin; 58. Iclznea parzurrrertsis metatarsus. 76 Volume 11, No. 1, March, 1997, INSECTA MUNDI Figs. 59-65. Ichr~eaopaca: 59. Metathoracic wing; 60.Aedeagus; 61. Male internal reproductive organs; 62. Alimentary canal; 63. Spicular fork; 64. Female internal reproductive organs; 65. Mesoscutellum. INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 11, No. 1, March, 1997 7 7 Figs. 66-69. Aret~nrinchinpas: 66. Habitus; 67. Antelma; 68. Aedeagus; 69. Male internal reproductive organs. 7 8 Volume 11, No. 1, March, 1997, INSECTA. MUNDI Figs. 70-73. Diaprorneces aclydis: 70. Head; 71. Antenna; 72. Aedeagus; 73. Spicular fork. INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 11, No. 1, March, 1997 79 Figs. 74-77. Diapror~lecesuclydis: 74. Head; 75., 77. Filamentous seta ofpronotum; 76. Metatibia. 8 0 Volume 11, No. 1, March, 1997, INSECTA MUNDI Figs. 78-82. Pyticeroides laticort~is:78. Habitus; 79. Head; 80. Pronoturn; 81. Mouthparts; 82. Filamentous seta of pronoturn. INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 11, No. 1, March, 1997 81 Figs. 83-90. Pyticeroides laticorrtis: 83. Antenna; 84. Protibia; 85. Aedeagus; 86. Alimentary canal; 87. Metathoracic wing; 88. Mesoscutellum; 89. Spicular fork; 90. Male internal reproductive organs. 82 Volume 11, No. 1, March, 1997, INSECTA MUNDI Figs. 91-95. Ellipotorr~atetlnifort~lis: 91. Habitus; 92. Head; 93. Antenna; 94. Elytron; 95. Protibia. INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 11, No. 1, March, 1997 83 Figs. 96-100. Ellipotorrla terroiforrnis: 96. Female internal reproductive organs; 97. Metathoracic wing; 98. Spicular fork; 99. Male internal reproductive organs; 100. Aedengus. 84 Volume 11, No. 1, March, 1997, INSECTA MUNDI Figs. 101-104. Iiatar~~yc~rusprucillus:101. Habitus; 102. Aedeagus; 103. Antenna; 104. Metathoracic wing. INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 11, No. 1, March, 1997 85 Figs. 105-108. hfegotrc~cl~yspc~rticc~lus:105. Habitus; 106. Antenna; 107. Aedeagus; 108. Metathoracic wing. 86 Volume 11, No. 1, March, 1997, INSECTA MUNDI Figs. 109-113. Pl~logistoster~rusdislocutus: 109. Habitus; 110. Head; 111. Forebody; 112. Elytra; 113. Protibia. INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 11, No. 1, March, 1997 87 Figs. 114-120. Pl~logistosterr~usdislocatus: 114. Antenna; 115. Mesoscutellum; 116. Metathoracic wing; 117. Aedeagus; 118. Spicular fork; 119. Male internal reproductive organs; 120. Female internal reproductive organs. 88 Volume 11, No. 1, March, 1997, INSECTA MUNDI Figs. 121-122. Hnpsidopteris diastettus: 121. Antenna; 122. Habitus. INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 11, No. 1, March, 1997 89 Figs. 123-127. Teuto~tiarlovcs. 123. I-Iabitus; 124. Head; 125. Forebody; 126. Elytra; 127. Metatibia and tarsus. 90 Volume 11, No. 1, March, 1997, INSECTA MUNDI Figs. 128-135. Tetrtorlia rlova: 128. Filamentous setae of pronotum; 129. Metatarsus; 130. Antenna; 131. Metathoracic wing; 132. Male internal reproductive organs; 133. Aedeagus; 134. Protibia; 135. Female internal reproductive organs. INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 11, No. 1, March, 1997 91 Map 1. Geographic tlistribution of E~>iplrloec~sand Plocamoceru. 9 2 Volume 11, No. 1, March, 1997, INSECTA MUNDI Mnp 2. Geographic distribution of Pilosirus, Diapror~~eces,Arenuria, Katumyurus, Megatrucl~ys,and Hupsidopteris. INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 11, No. 1, March, 1997 93 Map 3. Geographic clistributioll of Io~ltoclerus. 94 Volume 11, No. 1, March, 1997, INSECTA MUNDI Map 4. Geographic distribution of Iclirieu and Pyticeroides. INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 11, No. 1, March, 1997 95 Map 5. Geographic distribution of Ellipotorr~aand Teutor~ia. 96 Volume 11, No. 1, March, 1997, INSECTA MUNDI Map 6. Geographic distributiou of Madoniellu.