Data Collection in Fragile States

Edited by Johannes Hoogeveen · Utz Pape Data Collection in Fragile States Innovations from Africa and Beyond Data Collection in Fragile States Johannes Hoogeveen · Utz Pape Editors Data Collection in Fragile States Innovations from Africa and Beyond Editors Johannes Hoogeveen Utz Pape World Bank World Bank Washington, DC, USA Washington, DC, USA ISBN 978-3-030-25119-2 ISBN 978-3-030-25120-8 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25120-8 © International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/Te World Bank 2020. Tis book is an open access publication. Te opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors/editors and do not necessarily refect the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/Te World Bank, its Board of Directors, or the countries they represent. Open Access Tis book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/Te World Bank, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence and indicate if changes were made. Te use of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/Te World Bank’s name, and the use of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/Te World Bank’s logo, shall be subject to a separate written licence agreement between the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/Te World Bank and the user and is not authorized as part of this CC-IGO licence. Note that the link provided above includes additional terms and conditions of the licence. Te images or other third party material in this book are included in the book’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the book’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Te use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifc statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Te publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Te publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional afliations. Tis Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG Te registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Foreword Te world is becoming less safe and peaceful. According to the 2018 Global Peace Index prepared by the Institute for Economics and Peace, 42 countries experienced an increase in the intensity of internal confict over the past decade, twice the number of countries that have improved. While progress is being made in certain areas—military spending declined slightly, for instance—peacefulness deteriorated as the intensity of confict worsened. Confict has major costs, in terms of lives prematurely ended, human sufering and forgone development and economic opportunities. A civil war costs a medium-sized developing country the equivalent of 30 years of GDP growth; it takes 20 years for its trade levels to return to pre-war levels. To mitigate the long-term consequences of confict on growth and poverty reduction, the World Bank Group is paying increasing attention to countries afected by confict and violence. Since 2017, the World Bank Group has doubled its fnancial support for countries fac- ing current or rising risks of fragility, opened special windows for assistance to refugees and host communities, and developed new fnancial instruments to support crisis preparedness and response. v vi Foreword For fnancing to be efective, a good understanding of the situation is essential. Without timely and reliable data, development interventions risk being based on anecdotal evidence, with all the risks that come with inadequate planning, poor designs, and inefective targeting. Quality data are critical for development interventions to be efective but are hard to obtain in situations of violence and confict. Worse, collecting good data is rarely a priority in situations where urgency trumps being deliberate. Tis book ofers a welcome reprieve from this habit. Te authors care about collecting statistical information and have gone to great lengths to compile data in some of the world’s most challenging circumstances. Tat they succeeded speaks to their tenacity and ability to think outside the box. Te variety of approaches and solutions discussed means that many practitioners will fnd something of value in “Data Collection in Fragile Situations.” Te book efectively eliminates the notion that data cannot be collected in certain difcult circumstances. In doing so, it shifts the paradigm from “there are no data” to “how do we go about collecting data here?” Te innovations presented in this book are relevant beyond fragile situations, and the Poverty and Equity Global Practice I lead has started to apply approaches discussed here in other contexts. We are exploring the use of mobile phone surveys and permanent enumerators to strengthen statistical data collection for remote locations, many of which are small island states threatened by climate change. We are testing approaches to ask sensitive questions, for example to obtain bet- ter information about the occurrence of gender-based violence in World Bank projects. More generally, the innovations described in this book allow us to be more imaginative in creating feedback loops and intro- ducing systematic learning in the World Bank’s portfolio of projects. Tese are just some of the ways in which the Poverty and Equity Global Practice is internalizing the innovations presented in this book. I am convinced that others too will fnd inspiration here. For readers Foreword vii who would like to know more, I urge them to contact the authors of the chapters directly. Tey will be more than happy to ofer additional details or assistance. Contact details for all authors can be found in the contributor section. Washington, DC, USA Carolina Sánchez-Páramo Senior Director, Poverty and Equity Global Practice Acknowledgements Tis book benefted from the generous support of the Belgian TF 0A2158, the SPF TF, as well as the support of the management of the Poverty and Equity Global Practice. Feedback from participants at the 2018 Fragility Forum convinced us of the interest in this book. Hannah McNeish edited the document. Te very constructive feedback from Paul Bance, Kathleen Beegle, Bernard Harborne, and Christina Wieser is gratefully acknowledged. ix Contents 1 Fragility and Innovations in Data Collection 1 Johannes Hoogeveen and Utz Pape Part I Innovations in Data Collection 2 Monitoring the Ebola Crisis Using Mobile Phone Surveys 15 Alvin Etang and Kristen Himelein 3 Rapid Emergency Response Survey 33 Utz Pape 4 Tracking Displaced People in Mali 51 Alvin Etang and Johannes Hoogeveen 5 Resident Enumerators for Continuous Monitoring 63 Andre-Marie Taptué and Johannes Hoogeveen xi xii Contents 6 A Local Development Index for the CAR and Mali 83 Mohamed Coulibaly, Johannes Hoogeveen, Roy Katayama and Gervais Chamberlin Yama Part II Methodological Innovations 7 Methods of Geo-Spatial Sampling 103 Stephanie Eckman and Kristen Himelein 8 Sampling for Representative Surveys of Displaced Populations 129 Ana Aguilera, Nandini Krishnan, Juan Muñoz, Flavio Russo Riva, Dhiraj Sharma and Tara Vishwanath 9 Rapid Consumption Surveys 153 Utz Pape and Johan Mistiaen 10 Studying Sensitive Topics in Fragile Contexts 173 Mohammad Isaqzadeh, Saad Gulzar and Jacob Shapiro 11 Eliciting Accurate Consumption Responses from Vulnerable Populations 193 Lennart Kaplan, Utz Pape and James Walsh Part III Other Innovations 12 Using Video Testimonials to Give a Voice to the Poor 209 Utz Pape 13 Iterative Benefciary Monitoring of Donor Projects 215 Johannes Hoogeveen and Andre-Marie Taptué Contents xiii 14 Concluding Remarks: Data Collection in FCV Environments 235 Johannes Hoogeveen and Utz Pape Index 241 Notes on Contributors Ana Aguilera works as an Urban Development Specialist in the Latin America and Caribbean Region. Her work focuses on improving city management with an emphasis on urban economics and spatial development. Her work also comprises survey management and design to meas- ure living standards and socioeconomic indicators in countries such as Tanzania, South Africa, Sierra Leone, Lebanon, Jordan and the Kurdistan region. Ana has contributed to various World Bank’s Urbanization Reviews, including Ethiopia, Nigeria, Turkey and Central America. In 2014 she was awarded with the Youth Innovation Fund for her work using Big Data to understand mobility patterns in cities. Prior to the World Bank, Ana worked as an Economist at CAF’s Direction of Public Policy and Competitiveness. She has also worked in the public and pri- vate sectors in Latin America and the United States, as well as on policy consulting advising local and regional governments. Ana graduated as an Economist from Universidad Católica Andrés Bello in Caracas, and holds a M.Sc. in Public Policy from Te University of Chicago. Mohamed Coulibaly is a consultant in the Poverty and Equity Global Practice of the World Bank. He graduated from the National School of Statistics and Applied Economics (ENSEA) as an engineer in xv xvi Notes on Contributors statistics and economics, he started his career at Bloomfeld Investment Corporation gaining experience on country and sector risk assessment and public debt rating.

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