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O Gênero Cheilosporum (Decaisne) Zanardini (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) No Litoral Do Brasil

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O Gênero Cheilosporum (Decaisne) Zanardini (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) No Litoral Do Brasil Revista Brasil. Bot., V.25, n.1, p.65-77, mar. 2002 O gênero Cheilosporum (Decaisne) Zanardini (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) no litoral do Brasil CARLOS W.N. MOURA1, 3 e SÍLVIA M.P.B. GUIMARÃES2 (recebido: 30 de maio de 2001; aceito: 11 de janeiro de 2002) ABSTRACT (The genus Cheilosporum (Decaisne) Zanardini (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) in the Brazilian littoral). A taxonomic study of the genus Cheilosporum found along the Brazilian coast is presented. Two species were found: C. cultratum (Harvey) Areschoug and C. sagittatum (Lamouroux) Areschoug. This is the first record of C. cultratum for Brazil since 1870 by Martens. C. cultratum is restricted to the Cabo Frio upwelling zone in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Buzios and Arraial do Cabo, whereas C. sagittatum has a wider distribution along the southern and southeastern coast. Female/carposporangial conceptacles and early post-fertilization stages are described for the first time for C. sagittatum. Epithelial cells and Corallina-type trichocytes observed with SEM reveal additional characteristics potentially useful in separating Cheilosporum from other genera in the Janieae tribe. Descriptions, illustrations, geographic distributions, and comments concerning the taxa studied are also presented. The taxonomic position of Cheilosporum species previously reported for Brazil are also clarified. RESUMO (O gênero Cheilosporum (Decaisne) Zanardini (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) no litoral do Brasil). Duas espécies de Cheilosporum foram encontradas no levantamento das espécies do gênero Cheilosporum no litoral do Brasil: C. cultratum (Harvey) Areschoug e C. sagittatum (Lamouroux) Areschoug. A primeira havia sido referida para o Brasil em 1870 por Martens e foi redescoberta para o Atlântico americano. Esta espécie tem distribuição restrita a área de ressurgência do litoral de Cabo Frio no Rio de Janeiro, Búzios e Arraial do Cabo, enquanto C. sagittatum apresenta uma distribuição ampla no litoral das regiões sudeste e sul do Brasil. Conceptáculos femininos/carposporangiais e estágios iniciais de pós-fertilização são descritos pela primeira vez para C. sagittatum. Células epiteliais arredondadas e tricocitos tipo-Corallina em microscopia eletrônica de varredura nos espécimes estudados mostraram-se características adicionais potencialmente úteis na separação do gênero Cheilosporum dos demais gêneros da tribo Janieae. São apresentados descrições, ilustrações, distribuição geográfica e comentários dos táxons estudados. A posição taxonômica das espécies de Cheilosporum previamente referidas para o Brasil é esclarecida neste trabalho. Key words - Cheilosporum, Corallinales, geniculate coralline algae, Rhodophyta, taxonomy Introdução neste conjunto de características comuns, Johansen & Silva (1978), estabeleceram a tribo Janieae agrupando O gênero Cheilosporum (Decaisne) Zanardini é os três gêneros. A posição marginal do conceptáculo e um típico representante da flora tropical e temperada- a ausência de râmulos sobre os conceptáculos quente do hemisfério sul, apresentando seu limite norte tetrasporangial e feminino/carposporangial em na costa do Japão (Srimanobhas et al. 1990) e limite sul Cheilosporum permitem uma separação segura dos na costa sudeste da Austrália (Womersley & Johansen gêneros Jania e Haliptilon. 1996) e Nova Zelândia (Srimanobhas et al. 1990). São poucos os trabalhos que apresentam um Dentre os 13 gêneros da subfamília Corallinoideae, tratamento taxonômico detalhado do gênero Cheilosporum apresenta características comuns aos Cheilosporum para o litoral do Brasil, destacando-se gêneros Haliptilon (Decaisne) Lindley e Jania os de Joly (1965), Cordeiro-Marino (1978) e Piqué Lamouroux, tais como: ramificação dicotômica, célula (1984). Entretanto, não apresentam qualquer informação de fusão do carposporofito curta e biconvexa portando sobre estruturas sexuadas. A ausência de uma filamentos gonimoblásticos marginais, cavidade interna abordagem taxonômica moderna do gênero no litoral do do conceptáculo masculino estreita, alongada e com Brasil motivou o presente trabalho, parte integrante de canal curto e conceptáculo tetrasporangial com 15 ou um projeto maior sobre as coralináceas com genículo menos esporângios maduros por conceptáculo. Baseados do litoral do Brasil. Os principais objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar as características morfo-anatômicas 1. Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, LAFICO, empregadas na taxonomia do gênero e fornecer subsídios 44031-460 Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil. para reconhecimento das espécies. A distribuição 2. Instituto de Botânica, Caixa Postal 4005, 01061-970 São geográfica dos táxons considerados para o Brasil foi Paulo, SP, Brasil. 3. Autor para correspondência: [email protected] atualizada. 66 C.W.N. Moura & S.M.P.B. Guimarães: O gênero Cheilosporum no Brasil Material e métodos talo. Estolões formados dos intergenículos basais e constituídos por intergenículos pequenos, cilíndricos, O presente estudo foi baseado em materiais de 500-660(-720) × 280-400 µm. Frondes com ramificação Cheilosporum cultratum (Harvey) Areschoug e C. sagittatum dicotômica, em um plano. Intergenículos mais largos que (J.V. Lamouroux) Areschoug coletados no litoral dos estados longos, achatados, bilobados; ângulo de abertura entre do Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Santa Catarina e os lobos geralmente maior que 90° devido à presença em análise de exsicatas pertencentes ao herbário do Instituto de 2 conceptáculos por lobo; intergenículos basais, de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo (SPF), Herbário 470-755 µm compr. × 340-450 µm larg. na base e Maria Eneyda P. K. Fidalgo do Instituto de Botânica de São Paulo (SP), além da coleção particular da Dra. Yocie 830-1660 µm larg. no ápice; intergenículos medianos, Yoneshigue Valentin (YY, MOF), Universidade Federal do Rio 630-780(-960) µm compr. × 325-560 µm larg. na base e de Janeiro. Foram examinados espécimes adicionais do 870-1560 µm larg. no ápice; intergenículos apicais, Rijksherbarium (L) e Bolus Herbarium (BOL). Os materiais 490-975 µm compr. × 210-310 µm larg. na base e coletados encontram-se no acervo do Herbário da 1150-2000(-2160) µm larg. no ápice. Medula com 8-10 Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (HUEFS). fileiras de células longas, com até 20 fileiras nos lobos, As análises foram realizadas principalmente a partir de células 60-95 × 8-10 µm, freqüentemente com células material fixado em formalina a 4%, em água do mar. Espécimes de fusão. Córtex oblíquo às células da medula, 1-2 provenientes de exsicatas foram hidratados por 24 h em camadas de células, retangulares a quadráticas, 9-18 × formalina a 4%, antes de serem estudados. Para o estudo do 6-10 µm; tricocitos tipo-Corallina presentes entre as material através de microscopia fotônica utilizou-se a células do córtex na região apical. Epitalo, em corte metodologia descrita por Moura et al. (1997) com as seguintes etapas: descalcifição do material com 0,6 M HNO , desidratação longitudinal, formado por camada de células quadráticas em série etanólica gradual, infiltração e 3inclusão em à arredondadas com 5-9 × 6-10 µm, externamente metacrilatoglicol (Leica®). Secções, com 3-4 µm, foram obtidas recoberto por cutícula. Genículo não calcificado, utilizando micrótomo rotativo e navalha de aço com fio C e a 125-200 µm diâm., com uma fileira de células longas, coloração foi obtida empregando azul de toluidina O, pH 3 e 4. (160-)195-260 × 6-10 µm. Conceptáculos marginais, (1-)2 O método utilizado para a preparação do material para em cada lobo fértil; poro do conceptáculo tetrasporangial microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) segue Moura e carposporangial abrindo adaxialmente. Conceptáculo (2000), no qual pequenos fragmentos do material foram limpos carposporangial oblongo a arredondado, 235-330 µm em água destilada, desidratados em temperatura ambiente e compr.; cavidade interna 180-265 × 195-240 µm, com montados sob stubs de alumínio utilizando fita adesiva, canal curto, 55-65 µm compr.; célula de fusão estreita, especifica para MEV. Posteriormente estes foram metalizados com ouro e analisados ao microscópio eletrônico, marca Zeiss biconvexa, 95-120 × 28-32 µm, com filamentos DSM940 e Phillips XL20, ambos à 10 KW. gonimoblásticos marginais; carposporângios maduros, Para cada táxon são apresentadas descrições, ilustrações 55-65 µm diâm. Conceptáculo tetrasporangial oblongo das características diagnósticas, literatura para o Brasil, lista com 280-400 µm compr.; cavidade interna, 220-335 × de espécimens examinados e comentários. A distribuição 200-305 µm, canal curto, 60-65 µm compr.; paráfises geográfica mundial das espécies é apresentada com base nas ausentes. Tetrasporângios (90-)110-170 × 30-40 µm. informações de literatura e para o Brasil em materiais Plantas masculinas e bisporangiais ausentes nos es- depositados nos herbários consultados e nos materiais pécimes analisados. coletados. Hábitat - Encontrado na região entremarés e em as- sociação com C. sagittatum. Resultados Distribuição geográfica mundial - África: África do Sul, Natal (Johansen 1977), Cidade do Cabo (Johansen Cheilosporum cultratum (Harvey) Areschoug In J.G. 1977; Stengenga et al. 1997), Moçambique (Johansen Agardh, Species Genera et Ordines Algarum 2:545. 1977), Ilha Maurício (Silva et al. 1996). Ásia: Indonésia, 1852. Basônimo: Amphiroa cultrata Harvey, Nereis Sri Lanka (Silva et al. 1996). América do Sul: Brasil Australis p. 102. 1849 [1847-1849]. Localidade tipo: (Martens 1870). África do Sul, Port Natal (Durban) (TCD!). Referências para o Brasil - Rio de Janeiro (Martens
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