~'~--'------==~~---==-~~------~~--~~------~------9~------__ <~*~----____~~------~<---- ~ ____ ~
••' ••••.•••••• FIRST BIRTHDAY EDITION TODAY * * * * * * * *-* * * *
I.nterim government's proposed amendment to exclud.ecourts' testing bill of rights
BY GWEN LISTER
GOVERNMENT SOURCES have leaked that an amendment to the Interim government's empower· Ing Proclamation has been before the Cabinet and ~ Is apparently In the hands of the South African State Pr~sldent, Mr P W Botha, for his signature. This amendment could have the effect of ex· eluding the Jurisdiction of the courts to test laws In existence prior to the Installation of the Interim gover~ment · a.llinst the Bill of Rights• . -...... "r'--.--.....;_. It is understood that in a case Rights contained in Proclama decided earlier this , year, the tion RIO}, empowering-the in validity of the Terrorism Act terim government. was contested on the basis that The presiding Judge, Mr it offended against the Bill of Justice Strydom, ruled that laws in existence prior to the in stallation of the interim govern Editorial staff ment could not be tested in this way . It was reported recently that in .Ieave the the trial of the State versus Heita and seven others, the Terrorism Act would once again be tested Advertiser against the Bill of Rights and that IT IS understood that the present staff 'a Full Bench of the Supreme Court of the Windhoek Advertiser, under would be convened to consider Editor Joe Putz, have left the newspaper and a 'new staff' will hike whether it.would confirm or oyer over today. . turn Mr Justice Strydom's ruling. After being wracked with internal Lawyers in the Heita trial con problems for several months, Manag finned that argument to this effect ing Director Mr Peter Meinert, was would be heard on Wednesday. recently fired by the owner Dr Dieter The Namibian also immediately Lauenstein. approached the Secretary of the After several reported threats of the Cabinet, Mr T A S Boonzaaier, newspaper's closure it is now who initially declined to confirm understood that a new staff will take over the helm of the English-language that such a move was proceeding, daily from today (Friday). but undertook to revert to us after A member of the staff confirmed that a half an hour. He failed to do so, they were 'packing up', and unfor and subsequent calls to his office tunately Dr Lauenstein himself was not revealed he was in urgent consulta- ETCHED AGAINST the background of the crowd atten ding a Swapo rally in available for comment at the time of go- . ing to press yesterday. Continued on page J Swakoprnund ove~ the weekend, are Chris Shipanga and Christine Korol of our staff, wear·ing the new Namibian T-shirt.
o l?fle ~~~~~L after the Show The l ate·nigh~ Coffee Shop open .until well after midnight
Windhoek's new meeting place L-----~------~~----J Tel.222556 LA. PERDIZ CENTRE Gobabis Road > <
", :i THE 'NAMIBIAN FRI'DAY ' September' 5 1986
Strike-plan resolved Trying to break deadlock BY RAJAH, MUNAMAVA A SERIOUS STRIKE continued to He said that instead of adding to the threaten the Windhoek Swavleis meat burden of unemployment, the company factory this week as adamant workers decided to reduce working hours so as on SRe's new constitution refused to accept cuts in wages in terms to accomodate all people in work. Mr of the new system introduced by Rawlinson 'said that all problems, had TALKS are underway betwee,n the was to try and resolve the misunderstan Academy Council's refusal to accept a management late in July limiting work now been resolved and that working Academy Student Dean and the dings over the new constitution and draft proposal of the new SRC ing hours to 6 hours 10 minutes per day hours would return to what they were students community to try and examine added that he hoped a solution would constitution. for black workers. previously. possible steps to be taken in order to be reached this week. 'I am very op Angry workers downed tools ,twice on break the deadlock over the new con timistic. I think we will get the answer Behind the facade of these wranglings between the students and the Ad Tuesday as the new scale system came troversial Students Representative to our problem soon'. ministration over the new draft SRC into operation and refused to work say Damara Council Council (SRC) constitution. Mr Kotze denied any conspiracy constitution lay one crucial factor: With ing that they would not accept the new The Stud,ent Dean Mr Kobus Kotze against the new constitution by the ad more powers conferred on the new SRC wages. The workers said that despite the Goabeb congress confirmed this week that discussions ministration adding 'the constitution official 6 hrs 10 min timetable, they had with 'choseri' student leaders, cultural was technically not correct, it was not as proposed in the draft constitution, committees, house leaders and the up to standard and we couldn't deliver I the door could be open for the official worked.for 9 hours and that manage THE MAJORITY of branches of the general student mass were being con it to the Academy Board'. Elections this ':Ir recognition of Nanso ' which enjoys ment had promised to pay them over Damara Council led by Mr Justus ducted with a view to find a mode of year for a new SRC were not being en popular support on the campus. It is time for the extra three hours. Garoeb, had attended the annual con elections for a new SRC. visaged as that would be unconstitu also understood that for sometime now 'To our surprise, we ' were given gress over the weekend at Goabeb near 'We have no specific plans as yet, we tional unless the Academy Board the students have been working towards meagre wages in accordance with the US3kos, the Council said in a press just want to know what form of action authorised the elections under the old instructing their SRC to sign the new working hours and added to this release this week. ' we can take by getting the advice of the constitution he said. / Ail/ Gams Declaration. A meeting on , insult was anqther promise of a mon Certain changes had been made to the students because we dont want to force Members of the Student Represen this issue called by the now defunct SRC thly increament for every worker rang constitution of the Damara Council in them' Mr Kotze said. tative Council resigned their positions was provisionally postponed late in ing from 2 to 10 cents' said one worker. order to keep up 'with the fast-changing He said tbe at the moment two weeks ago in protest of the July. 'We have been patient, for too long political circumstances in the country'. and we are not going to accept these In future the head of the' Damara starvation wages' retorted another Council would be known as the Presi sy'S ems angry worker at the factory said. dent, while the deputy leader would be Bishop'.s enthronement In a flurry of meetings that followed k'nown as Director of the, Politburo. with ' management, the workers were Functions whichiormerly fell ",nder THIRTEEN NAMffiIANS left- for at 10:00 while a mass service to be at reassured of the reversal of the new the Party leader, will now-be separate Cape Town today to represent Namibia tenckc;l by the Arch aishop of Canter go at P-Ost scale system and that the , company departments, and they include Foreign at the official enthrownment of Arch bury will be held in tile afternoon at the 'would revert to the old working hours. Affairs, Information and Publicity and Bishop Elect DesmondMpiio Tutu on Goodwood Showgrounds. office , They were further promised full wages Legal Affairs. Sun'day September 7, 198(i. in accordance with the old scale . A Damara Council programme of ac The twelve persons are, the Rt. Hon. Approached for comment on the sud tion would be finalised over the Bishop of the Diocese of Namibia, den, turn-about, ' Swavleis Acting weekend of October 4 - 5 at Gobshoekie James Kauluma; Diocesan Secretary Mr automatic General Manager Mr lohan Rawlinson at Omaruru when a seminar will be Matt Esau; Cathedral Dean David said that the decision had \;leen taken ,held., Bruno; Registrar of the Diocese, Mr exchange Qecause of the 'good cattle supply'. 'We , On October II the Damara Council Colin Du Preez; Reverend James Gaya; are ,now getting enough cattle for Womens League would meet at Mr and Mrs Hendricks; Mrs Noleen MR FANUEL Kozonguizi, interim slaughtering. We have a complement of Otjimbingwe. West; Mrs Penny Shilongo; Youth government Justice and Posts and cattle and as long as the supply can last, 'The Congress decided that August Worker Miss Nangula Hauanga; the Telecommunications Minister, an we will not have any problems',. 26 and other important dates concern CCN Directors of the Communication nounced this week that the damage to ' Mr Rawlinson said the shortening of ing the freedom struggle would be taken and Theology Departments, Mr Dan Windhoek's automatic telephone ex working hours was necessitated by poor into account by the Damara Council _Tjongarero and ,Mr Samson Ndeikwila; change in a fire,on the night of July 22, cattle supply and added that the. situa and celebrated'. ' and a journalist with the CCN Infor- ' "-:p.,-~~,;. now fully repaired. tion had now changed: 'In July we were ' The Congress also decided that the mation Mr Thobias Mbako. - 1n a statement he said that faults slaughterning less, we had no option but external affairs of the Council had to Bishop Tutu's enthrownment will be would still occur, but that these would to close the .factory or' to-dismiss the be "drastically broadened'. , conducted at the St George's Cathedral be repaired as they were reported. ,_ ,workers' . ' He said the fire had placed the coun try in a 'crisis -situation' as far as com munication with the outside world was concerned. ' ~ Expressing his pride in the Depart -~. - ~ ~-~,-~ ~ SlN,CE 1915, WE'VE ment, Mr Kozonguizi also thanked the Bishop James Kauluma Post Master General in South Africa for manpower and necessary apparatus; the __ .BE:EN,YOUR PIONEERING Meanwhile, Diocesan Secretary Mr chief of the fire department and Esau has also been appointed by the firemen; the SADF and Air Force for ',:> "';'SANkll'N,SOUTH WEST. Arch Bishop Elect as his assistant,com emergency transport and other services ',. ' mencing duties as from June 1, 1987. and others.
As South ,West Africa's oldest bank, we've had more time to grow with the country. More time to leam how South West ers thi'nk and to dis cover precisely what they want and how to deliver it. , The same pioneer~ ing spirit that devised schemes and plans to help in the early growth and development of South West is still as strong as ever. Today, Stanswa goes out of its way to give you the financial services you need in these fast-moving times. So if you're looking for a bank,that knows what it's' tal king about, look no further. Stanswa is at your service, Just as it's been since 1915. For men who know ", good clothes! Standard Bank OUoCJJ[anr SWA LIMITED . / & co. (Registered CommerCial Bank) , Windhoek
L1NTAS SBSWA/248665/A5/BW - 2 F j-~------~------7---~
.~ . THE N~M~BIAN · fRU;>AY . SeptelJlb~r · 5 1986 · 3 Teach~er claims .-~. People :-or~ered -to . ~assemb , l 'e ..lor Koe·voet threats ' .Etango meeting , ,A C~CA'-~ HOP , : o'Yner ' !l ~d h i ~ ' ~wo on; Etango.meeting assistants fr9m OniutsewQ nime hi (h~ QndangWa afl~ a, reported that they were AN OMALALA Primary School took him to the meeting where he . accused ' of assisl1ng" 'terrorlsts' and teacher, in northern Namibia, has was shown t6 people and threaten , c~~j'nied':'9 ' ~ ay'e : b,ee~J ock ~" \I P)~ t~eir , ~ hop ~o r a \yh9le, day'; ~ lig u s t 29, ed tbat he was to be made an' ex on this week appealed to Authorities '1986', by'nuiinbers of t he' Police Co~nter and to the OW31llbo Administra aple to others. Insurgency Unit I(n-o~ Ji as Koe·voet. tion to do something about in The meeting was allegedly told .. Acso;~in g X~ a.relJori i;suest by t he timidation and threats levelled t hat Mr Ya Shitekulu was like a , offic·e of' tile O W ilIhb o ' ~dini ni s' t r a t i on against him by Koevoei-meritbers. rotten apple among good ones, and , this ~~e!<: : ~oevo~i~e;U;bers'o~_ A~gust The teacher Mr Thomlls Ya that it was the duty Of Koevoet to . '26tli, imiv,ect' 'at 'it' Cuca-shop' or' Mr Shitekulu in a s~ orn . s f'~ e 2 'ent remove such rotten apples before 'Titus Gabrier1ri f~ur ' Casspir vehjdes, handed ' in at ' the office of the :fri the wl'iole lot Were bad, and to take ' but o'niy 'fourid his'iwo,assistants Miss Alliertina' 'Wiili baiCi ' arid Miss-Paulina Chairman for the O wam bo -n:.-s.p.ch t".,some safe place. . , Nek 'o'ng~, and o rdere~ 'people to' assem , Adinistration, Mr Peter Kalangula, ,U I The teacher was then allege;dly ble in order lo ,be informed 'about stated that Koevoet members in warned that he should be <;arefull, '~ Etango acti~ itieS" ; timidated and threatened to"'make and that Koevoet would deal with , W-hiie some people"were forced' to him an example to others,' follow him sooner or later if he continued , come 'together' Koevoet members ing his refusal to attend an Etango to be a 'rotten apple.' 'allegedJy acc~sed Miss,Willibalct of hav 'conscientisat-ion meeting.' ing harboured 'terrorists' and rudely He said a group of Koevoet men Mr Ya Shitekulu stated further seized her ' scarf from her head and arrived in an army Buffel truck last that ,he knew of many other peo , Qlin~f()lile d the woman. " ' ple who were badly beaten up by She' was' then ariven into bushes a Saturday at Aukuniihole village, in distance from the Cuca-shop where she the Ondangwa area, and forced Koevoet and even killed . H e also was ' 'iriterrogated' and beaten with him and other people to gather for , knew of some who were arrested by . sticks 'on lier buttocks and over the an Etango meeting where people those forces and have never been body, .aIiil later left to fob! ' back : would be · in formed of seen again, and that he therefore The Koevoet men 'then allegedly went 'developments and taught basic feared for his life and appealed to back to, the area and indiscriminately health care methods.' Authorities to do something about :and arbit'rarily started to beat up 'peo He said a Corporal Aaron the matter. ple before they left to return again in the morning hours of August 29th, Phillipusapproached him and When Koevoet's Brigadier Dreyer was approached for com Miss Wiilibald claimed that she ordered him to join the meeting recognised the same'Koevoet men 'in a upon. which he explained thar he ment,. a Colonel Van Niekerk FORMER long-tenil political pri~ oner on Robben Island, Mr Eliazer . Pol ic~ Casspir with registration number had an 'appointment and could denied any knowledge'of 'any such Tuhadeleni, made his first public appearance a,s a speaker since his i34J, and 'that they assaulted her col- there·fore' not attend the meeting. ' meeting,' saying: 'You s,hould con release at a Swapo raily in Swakopmmid last weeken~ . ' ' ' leakue Miss Nekongo ' before locking Mr 'Va Shitekulu stated further tact the Security Police,' and 'ask --=~------~-=------.....;---~..;..-----::--t . them, including Mr 'Gabriel, up in their that Corporal Phillipus then told Kalangula for the righ t facts,' and Cuca-shop: ' four White Koevoet members who 'if you want information then you 'n men ' The' Koevoet 'men allegediy only accompanied him that: 'he is a must write us a letter,' before he Propose • ' d < ame ' t returned 'aro.uiId' eight in the evening to cheeky Swapo,' and then Qung Up> ,. . ' , fecf had pe ~ n · ~li s cu s se9. or apPI:Ov- open'·the trio, ,,' . Continued from page 1 ed of. ' , , " M,r Kalangula's 'office confirmed that tions with Cabinet Ministers. , Seni.or CouI\S,el has , ~onfirm, ed to ' it was taking' up t he 'matter with the'rele- , vint authorities'., .,,". ' , A publicity officer for , the iIi .The Namibian.that he was involv- . The Namibiari endeavoii.red' to : c~n- Casspirs and 'cattle terim government, Mr Eberhard ed in the drafting of such , an tad Btiga'dier Dreyer's office ·for com- , . Hoffmann, subsequently said that THE OWAMBO Admin.istration .Of numbers 'POL 7171 ,' ' 1437 ZA4R,' amendment but had not seen the ment, but all attempts were in vain, and fice this week accused Security Force ' and ' 143'0, ZNS,' and dissected the -' Mr Boonzaaier's comment wasthat final product; , and refer-red The at the time of' going to press still no members in northern Namibia.of wilful beasts. . , ,. he 'does not comment unless the Namibian to the Secretary of comment could be obtained. ly destroying people's property and said The farmer claimed to have Witness Cabinet has instructed him to do Justice. t';======It was 'sick and tired' of complaints by ed the 'whole incident' and stated that so'. At the tline ' of ~going to press, residents as a result of Security Force he could hardly believe his own eyes, However, he refused to deny that The Namib,ian was unable to con SWAPO activities. and that he went to report the matter a proposed amendment to this ef" ~ tact the Secretary of ,·Justice for . .. ~.. " Sounding the accusation, an ,irate Mr to tribal headman Simon Petrus, who comment, 'and -not one Cabinet Oswald Sh ~vute, personal Secretary to too was shocked by the happening. Minister was available to comment ' Yo~th . -League the Chairman of the Owambo Ad on tbe matter, however ,.certain ministration Mr Peter Kalangula, told - Mr Shitumbako stated further that he' members and supporters of the in -PUBLIC MEETING The Namibian that his office w a~ 'really went together with the headman Petrus fed-up' with 'Koevoet activities' to Elundu Base to complain about the terim government, who declined to ,KHORIXAS directed against the people of Owambo. incident, but were allegedly told by be nameQ, have expressed disquiet DATE:, September 14 Mr Shivute cited a sworn statement some officer that: 'Those guys must be at the proposed amendment. handed in at his office by a farmer Mr Koevoets and I have no control over TIME: 14hOO Lazarus Shitumbako , in which an ap them.' peal is made to the 'Owambo Ad The farmer said he then wc;nt to ministration tQ assist in traCing the senior headman Job Haihambo at culprits in Police Casspir vehicles that Ohakathia village who in vain tried to shot dead five cattle on July 9, 1986, assist him. Fred Fobian and to see to that the farmer is '1 have therefore, as a last result compensated. decided to come to Mr Kalangula's of Men's Outfitters and RetaHer According to the statement Koevoet fice to demand that Koevoet be serious members in camouflage uniforms shot ly warned, and ordered to stop their evil 'An establislle.d name for and killed four oxen and one cow at deeds in our land, and that they be Onehova village, near Eenhana from ordered to compensate me for my hard KOEVOETfounder, Brigadier Hans quality and low prices three Casspir vehiCles with registration earned cattle,' Mr Shitumbako 'stated. Dreyer. 155 Kaiser Street " Tel: 224295 POBox 526 Windhoek 9000
, 0 , 0 jY@X!!l1l ~~!l!7iJ@ FANTASTIC OFFERS FOR YOU AT SPRINGTIME PRICES! 4-piece Linen Set 160 x 230 was R31.90 NOW R22.95
180 x 230 was R34.90 NOW R24.95 100g was R1.17 200g was R2.30 NOW 99c ' NOW R1.99 230 x 250 was R45.90 ! / NOW R32.95 NesUi Condensed Milk '
,I :~~~;;~ 19 WOERMANN, BROCK ':( WINDHOEK) Cheese slicer ~~ ~ (~:;~i':." \'01 ..~ It (601) 26232 Telex 908·821 lEI 86 WINDHOEK 9000. S.w.A./NAMIBIA .'
./ 4 , THE NAMIBIAN FRIDAY September 5 1986 Socalled human ,rights report
A GLOSSY publication, claiming to be day', that 'one-man one-vote is a false Shipanga said that the interim govern 'an in-depth analysis of human rights goal and an outcome that would cruel ment now had 'real power' in Namibia. and Namibia' by the right-wing Inter ly betray-the aspirations or'the people 'We can change what is wrong in our national Society for Human Rights" has of South West Africa'. country and our people at least have ac recently been released. Admitting that he was an- 'eight-day cess to those who are in authority . ... The Report details the conference expert' on Namibian politics, Mr Our country is at peace let me assure held by this orgapisatiOlL 0!1 March 27 . Lichtenstein goes on to prescribe the you, at peace ... and as I have already this year in London, and at which in poiitical future of Namibia. The com indicated, we don't have a ~ ingle terim government Ministers, Mr Fanuel position of tlie intefim government, he political prisoner in the country .. .' Kozonguizi, and Mr Andreas Shipanga, said, was 'as if the outcome of a ge The book is filled with pictures taken were both guests . _ n'!Jinely competi~ive ballot were at the inauguration of the interim . The, Report also re-prints the Bill of prefigured, and pGwer distributed ac government ilL 1985, pictures which Fundament~l Rig\1ts' and Objectives of cordingly, along with a ,d'eep sense of would'seem to have little meanin'g for the lnterim government. responsibility on. , the part of'the bi a Report on human rights. ' Contributors to the publication in racial, multi-ethnic leadersqip ... : Contradicting his colleague, Mr .elude Mr David 'AJ kinson MP, .Mr He :-yas ,imp'ressed on a visit to tbe ,Shipanga, Mr Kozonguizi, in his ad Nicholas·Winterton MP ~ Mr William north, in the company of the Ill.ilitary dress claimed that all detentions were Shelton MP, Professor Dr' Wolfgang with Omegi:l, and Eenhana 'where the under continuous review. 'He did not Zeidler of the <;:OI.lstitutional COJlrt of SADF. and Territorial Force, with a claim, however, as did Mr Shipanga, West Ge~many .and others 'who take strong i;issist from Jonas Savimbi's that their were no political detainees in 'part in the anti-Swapo 'propag\l nqa Un'ita appear to have the security situa Namibia. ,{:irive: , '_ .' tion well in ha'nd'. In his address, Mr Jorn Ziegler , In h~s j ntr,oductioI), . Mr ' Byron S ~ apo, Mr Lichtenstein con~luded, denied that the ISHR had any Nazi con Russell, of the ISH,R Executive ill the was 'the,obstacle to peaceful change' in nectiqns. Mr Ziegler, in his address, UK, s ingl~s out Swapo for 'l;Jlatantly ig Namibia, advocating thai Western dealt purely with the issue of the Swapo noring' human rights, and praises the governments 'unfreeze themselves from camps outside Namibia, and not on the interim gO-" ernment for its formulation ' the rigid formula of 435' . question of human rights within the of a Bill of Rights, .' However, he had liitle to contribute country. " see .this Bil\ 'of Rights, drawn up to the human rights debate. Most speakers referred to what they by representatives of all the Namibian In his address, interim government termed 'grave defects' in Resolution people, has having injected into Nami 'Minister Mr Andreas Shipanga' claim '435, but concentrated', on praising the bian society aI'! insistence on the 'in ed that the Bill of Rights was '90 per interim government rather than dealing violability of the individual' , cent in force' in Namibia . Also men with the human rights'situation inside He goes on to say that those he tioning little about human rIghts in Namibia. ' describes as the 'men of moderation' in Namibia, Mr Shipanga instead launch: Namibia 'who seek to establish ed into an attack on Swapo's attitude The Human Rights Report for 1986 democracy and accept pluralism; must towards human rights. by the ISHR deals very briefly with not be isolated by the pluralist nations During question time, there were human rights in Namibia, saying that of the West' , several statements made by Mr Andreas the interim government reported each He concludes by saying 'we would be Shipanga which are blatant untruths. 'allegation against members of the foolish in the extreme if we were to On a q!1estion as to whether passports security forces is investigated and of refuse to associate with those who have were granted to all who wanted them, fenders prosecuted 'if the necessary come to the same conclusion'. he replied in the affirmative. This is not evidence exists', but most of the report Charles Lichtenstein says in his con in fact the case. r is devoted to Swapo's 'contraventions' tribution entitled 'Human Rights To- Also in reply to a question, Mr of human rights.
Congratulations
RENOVATION work is underway at the Atlanta Meat Market in Walvis Bay where a bomb exploded on August 2, killing five people, and injuring 23 . Picture by Dave Salmon.
The nuts and bolts LADIES: Final stock clearance sale. Everything must be sold: Exclusive day and evening wear at never-again, low, low prices. Party dresses and elegant office suits also to go. Variety of fabrics including cottons, ideal for kiddies dresses that keep our or patchwork. Visit country 1I•• th. NOW • (Corner of Stue?el and Peter Muller Streets) and remember: we stili sew on order to your individual growmg requirements.
Telephone: 223786
Tel. 33227 La Perdiz Centre Gobabis Road
,,1:be 0nlnea jowl " RESTAURANT Music evening every second Sunday.
THE GUINEA FOWL is not just 'a bird .. ' it is a SPECIALITY REST AU RANT in town, catering specifically for *
Business luncheons * Special Functions * Weddings . /' * Staff Parties etc. Our craftmanship covers a wide range, including low bed trailers, , It is not far - just three km ,f rom the centre of town truck bodies, canopies and caravans. So whatever your engineering needs, from precision gears to exclusive steel Come ang Visit our popular MORNING MARKET on Saturday and en braais, come to WMF. Our versatile experts ~lKF e"~ joy POTJIEKOS and PANCAKE specials , SUNDAY LUNCHEONS guarantee personal attention, however big or P.O. BOX 5013 \! , and pop in this SaturQay at 18hOO for the MUSIC EVENING small the j ob. ' AUSSPANNPLATZ WINDHOEK 9000. TELEPHONE: 35071 :;' 'oC
,~ '. ~-~--~--~------~------~--~------~~------~~
THE NAMIBIAN FRIDAY September 5 1986 5
435 to secure human rights SWABC speaks LOCAL attorney, Mr David facilitate protection of human damental Rights in its empowering SmutS, called for the implementa rights. Proclamation. However, events tion of Resolution 435 as the most Mr Smuts said that the interim over the past year, have consistent on its policy far-reaching step and most effec government had at its inception ly evidenced actions by the Cabinet tive basis for securing the protec great expectations that it would directly in conflict with the Bill of tion of human rights in Namibia. protect and uphold human rights Rights. of reporti"g Speaking at the University of the by the insertion of the Bill of Fun- In this regard he referred to the Western Cape last week, he stated Katofa and Akweenda cases, where that any meaning for the protection the Cabinet had supported deten THE SW ABC had made the ideological of human rights presupposed the tion without trial. He .aIso cited . Mr van der Smit said that reporters choice of wanting to promote a Chris- of the SW ABC were present at the last realisation of the right to self other examples, including the ban 'n, democratic order in Namibia Mr Swapo meeting but that 'nothing determination - embodying the full ning of meetings, and other ad Anthonie van der Smit, Director of Pro-· newsworthy' was said. . and free participation of people in ministrative .action taken in viola grammes and News for the SWABC, He stressed that the Corporation the legislative and governmental tion of human rights. said in an interview witb The Namibian would not report political rhetoric processes. after the newspaper had received where tbe speakers incited violen~ce. The installation of the interim Finally, he stated that the most numerous complaints from the general As far as reporting the meeting on TV government, being unelected and · draconian act so far was the issu public who felt tliat the SW ABC was was concerned tbe SW ABC considered ing of a certificate purportedly biased in .its reporting of news items on radio and TV as one unit, and they were without a mandate from the Nami both radio and TV. bian people, denies this fundamen seeking to terminate the murder satisfied that . the meeting had tben trial of (our Defe)1ce Force received enough coverage on radio. tal precondition for tne protection Mr van der Smit, sketching tbe Filming news for TV was always a pro of human rights. members after the prosecution had been ordered by the Attorney SW ABC policy code,·said that as far as ble'm especially at an open air meeting The only viable and expedient they were concerned politics was con General. The subsequent statement were equipment could not be safeguard means of securing the self tentious and that care had to be exer ed against violence or could get 10sL determination of the Namibian by the Cabinet appeared to cised in the reporting and broadcasting ·Since the SWABC only broadc:ast one people at the present time, remain misrepresent the law, and was an tbereof. He said that the Corporation news program on TV a day material was ed UN Resolution 435 and he call attempt to avoid the consequences had made an ideological choice and that very strictly selected, which was why ed for its urgent implementation to Mr Dave Smuts of its draconian act. was to promote a Christian, democratic they had reported on Herero day at order, and not marxism or Leninism. Okahandja since the Administrator He concluded by pointing out Asked why the SW ABC did not General and members of the Cabinet that the interim government's per report on the recent Swapo rally Mr van were present and· that they in general formance in the area of human der Smit said that it was SW ABC policy were newsmakers. . Cruc"ial Katofa rights protection was most un to report on 'official leadership' and not If a Cabinet minister spoke at a promising and represented a con any speaker who just coloured the women's association meeting and there meetings with their own personal views was a Swapo meeting in Katutura, ·then tinuation of South African and never spoke party·policy. As far as the SW ABC would report the Minister case outcome Government practices which had the SW ABC was concerned Sam Nu instead of the Swapo meeting because consistently trampled on human joma :was the official leader and they the Cabinet minister could 'interpret reserved by rights over the years. would report his statements. legislation or official policy'. Appeal Court
JUDGEMENT was reserved on ly under AG 26 of 1978. ~fter an Tuesday by the Appeal Court in application was brought for his Bloemfontein in the Katofa matter release and legal access in June in which the Cabinet of the interim 1985, the Supreme Court ordered government is appealing against the legal access and the Administrator judgement of the Full Bench of the General to give reasons why he Supreme Court in. Namibia which should not be released. had ordered the release of detainee After the transfer of powers to Josef Katofa. the interim government Cabinet, The appeal was heard by the the Cabinet then supported the fur Chief Justice, Mr Justice Rabie, Mr ther indefinite detention of Mr Justice Jansen, Mr Justice Katofa . However, on August 26 Trengrove, Mr Justice Botha, and 1985 , the Supreme Court in Win Mr Justice van Heerden. dhoek ordered Mr Katofa's release Mr Katofa, a shopkeeper of Om and he was subsequently freed . balantu in northern Namibia, was The Cabinet then appealed to the detained in May 1984, purported- Appelate Division in Bloemfontein.
For a long time you 've looked . forward to leaving school - Take the hungered for life's experiences, longed for the freedom to be on · your own and make your own decisions. future We know that. . . - But it's a tough world out there. Do you kn~w what you 're going myour to do - how you're going to earn a living and cope on your own? We understand. .hands That's why we're here. We believe that a university, technikon or out of·school education can help you, giving you a better start on the road to independence. Contact us today. Write to:- The Registrar, The .· Academy, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 9000.
Corner of Peter Muller & StObel Streets Tel : 223786 The Namibian ... - ---<~ 6 THE NAMIBIAN FRIDAY' September 5 1986
',! Reduce· SA· energy imports • says UN
NAMIBIA derives 35 percent of its total There appears to be_some possibility station; the possible sources, other t/jan energy requirements from oil, 38 per- of oil in the Etosha Basin. However, South African, for Namibia's oil and cent from coal, 20perc~nt from char- past drillings and models based on coal requirements; and the movement coal and wood, and 7 perent from geologi~al satellite pictures and seismic of populations from the areas which hydro power. In 1980, the estimated data, have so far not been conclusive. suffer from fuel wood shortages or energy demand for civilian activities was The most interesting prospects, defoliation by the racist regime. 33000 barrels of oil equivalent per day, however, lie 100 km off the mouth of 3. A National Energy Council should Over half of this energy was consumed the Orange River, within Namibian ter- be established immediately after in in mining activities-. Domestic, ritorial waters, where a gas field, known dependenfe under the chairmanship of . agricultural, fishing and marine ac- as Kudu, was identified at a con- the relevant minister. The Council tivities accounted for about one quarter siderable depth in the .early 1970s and should consist of representatives of the of total Namibian energy demand in it appears to have significant potential. relevant government departments and 1980 while the remaining demand was In . 1980, Namibia consumed an bodies dealing with energy supply and in the transportationsector, Practical- estimated 1260 million kwh of electrici: demand issues .. The Council should be ' Iy all commercial energy consumed in ty. Nearly half the electricity was con- serviced by the national energy coor Namibia is imported from or through sumed by the mining companies. dinat(Jr and the energy survey and supp South Africa by sea, rail, and to a much Namibia's current estimated electricity ly management team. lesser exient, by ·road. generating capacity is upto 550 MW of 4. The possibility of connecting some In addition to hydro-power and non- which 60 perent is at the Ruaciuia of the energy generating capacities own commercial wood-based energy sources hydro-electric plant on the ed qy the mining companies into the na- ' that are available, locally, there is Namibia/ Angola border and 40 percent tional grid should be explored. evidence of proven reserves of coal .at is at various coal-fired, fuel-oil-fired, 5. In response to the post-independence Aranas', Aral)dis and Hochfeld. Fur- and diesel-fired power stations. In ad- pressui:es . in the energy sector, the ther,' subsiimtial. reserves of gas have dition, there are two transmission lines ' energy supply management personnel been discovered offshore. The strategy from South Africa with a total capaci: ' should ensure that: for reducing ','rmport dependence, t y',ofup to 300 MW. • Namibian stocks, of oil products development of hYdrocarbon resourges Most of the present generatirtg'- and coal remain qt an adequate level; (coal, oil and gas), 'lmd developing ad- capacity of the territory is .however, . * orders f or imported oil products ditional power capacity Qn the basis of owned by the mining.,comp.i.mies ~and ' afJd coal, and fro the' transportation adequate demand and supply projec- may not be easily conne¢!ed 'tp ! he;na- capacity to deliver them, are made on tions, will become central to the govern- tional grid . It also appears t hat Oran- a timely basis and the prices paid are ment's energy s<;,>t Rr ·.policy. " " '" "."'_. ".jemund i&-) inked onl,y ,to, the.,squth'" appl'Opriate; , Total Namibian non-military annual African utility, Escom, and not 1'0 the ~ supplies are delivered on. tim ~·pfl(!. , demand ' for oil products' in ~1980 ' is-' -South West Africa Water and Electrici- are 'of an .acceptable quality; estimated at ,a,bput 380,. QOO t<;mnes, t}:' Corpor~ion (Swawec) grid, F.urther, ;,. companies and other bodies within made up .of aliout, 26Cl OOO:'lonnes of. if at any -time Rui!;ana ' does , not Namibia respect the policies establish diesei (68 Percent), 55 \)00' tonnes of generate adequate cap-acity, Nami1;>ia " ed by the government; gasoline (14 percentJ, ,11000 tonnes of , c'ould experience electricity shortage: • security measures are. adequate at kerosene (3 percent) and,57 OOO'tonnes In ' 1980, Namibia consumed an various energy installations; and of fuel oil (15 percent), In energy units, estimated 691 000 tonnes of coal. Two- tonnes of diesel. Nearly half of this tion in the manufacturing value added *: key users have reliable access to oil products made up 56 percent of thirds of this was used at the Windhqek energy consumption' took place in the in 1980 (excluding fish proessing) in' necessary energy products. commercial energy c.onsumption. On a co~-fired power station. In certain sec- .copper and lead industry because of the dicates that total consumption of energy 6. In terms of long (erm restructur sectoral basis, transport consumed 55 tors, heavy fuel-oil might be used in- energy-intensive smelting processes included coal (45 000 to·nnes), gasoline ing and planning of the national energy percent of oil products (of which 7f per- . stead of coal. Since 1980, use of the involved. (100 tonnes), diesel (1200 tonnes) and system, the energy survey and supply '. cent was diesel, 26 percent gasoline and Windhoek coal-fired station might have 'EleCtric power fo( the Consolidated electricity (230 milli.on kwh). management team should examine {he , 2 percent kerosene), eletricity generation been scaled down as a result of increas- Diamond Mines (CDM) complex is ob In 1980 the transportation sector con following matters: 16 percent, minin 10 perent, and the re- ed power availability from the Ruacana tained from Escom which also has an sumed an estimated 210 000 tonnes of * long term oil and coal supply mainder was consumed by fishing, fish hydro-power station. Thus, Namibia's 18 MW diesel engine power plant on oil products, about 37 percent of the na- contracts; processing activities,etc. post independence needs for coal could standby. CDM consumption totalled . tion's filial demand for commercial " ~ the improvement, including restruc Nearly aU of Namibia's non-military be strongly influenced by the extent to 155 million kwh in 1981. , In 1980, forms of ene~gy. This did not include turj~g of port facilities, to handle oil and military oil requirements are cur- which significant amounts of hydro- CDM's average half-hourly maximum the military consumption. The and coal imports; , rently imported. After independence, power are available from Ruacana. power demand equalled 33.6 MW. The estimated fuel consumed for non * the construction of more tank Namibia might not be willing to obtain ' Namibia currently obtains aU its coal ' 1980 electricity consumption, all pur- military transportation inl980 compris- ' farms for the storage of a larger its oil imports from or through South needs from South Africa. The bulk of chased from Escom, ' can be estimated ed diesel (150000 tonnes), gasoline (55 stockpile of oil products and the con Africa and may decide, for political and these requirements come by rail. Post- to have been 155 million kwh. 000 tonnes) and kerosene (5000 tonnes).· struction of a refinery to improve na economie reasons, to find alternative independent Namibia could experience , ~ ,Petroleum 'fuels are delivered to Road transportation consumed about tional security in oil products; soUrces of supply of petroleum pro- difficulties in obtaining its coal re- CDM by a 3km submarine flexible cable 76 percent of. the total while ra,il * the commercial potential for gas ducts, Walvis Bay appears to be·capable quirements if relations witli South' strething from the shore, to a buoy out transport consumed 19 percent and and oil production at the Kudu offshore o(handling,considerably greater quan- Africa make any imports from there im- at sea. Consumption in the mid-1970s . aviation 5 percent; gasfield and Etos.ha Basin,. and coal tities of.oiljmports. However, the port , practical and the development of coal totalled over 20 million litres amlually. :rota) energy con~1imption by Nami production at Namibia's known ca,n~'at presetn only handle tankers with reserves identified at Aranos, Arandis Namibian uranium production i~ . bian households is considerably higher coalfields, partiularly at Aranos; qeadweight capacity of up to 30 000 and Hochfeld is delayed. estimated to consume 270 million kwh than.in any other'sector, with 90' per * the development .. of legal, tonnes. Suh tankers are relatively small. It is estimated that Namibia's annual of eletricity. ,Ore lind' waste hauling at cent derived fTom .fuelwood. A negotiating and data development hire:. po~t ' and its tanker-, berth, would, , cqnsumption of flrewoop'is, between 1.0 , ,.. Rossing is performed -by a l;Ieetof twen- br~akdowri of estimated '-rotal non straiegiesto ensure effective study and riee<;l : t~~ be modifi~d ) 0, acc(1l)19d~te ' ;:~nd 1.25 .cubic 'metres per capita "by .. ty Swabco Haulpaks and five Euclid transportation energy consumption by testing of Namibia's oil and gas poten larger-tankers. Ad'dh'iort~I ' tank farms ' black' rural residents and 1 about 0.6 trucks consuming abQut 12700 tonnes, all Namibian households.in 1980 iq tial consistent with both limited initial woulci. need to be constn(cted'onsh,Qre '~ cubic ' metres per. capita' by, black urban . of .4iesel fuel.. ' . djclltes ~hat this consisted of fuelwood cost and riskto the state and an ade fpt ';StqrjIlg the discharged cargoes. "'~' r<;sidents : T~is.leadsto an estimate that (890 OC)O .Ionnes), diesel (8000, tonnes), , quate share of surplus accr;,uing to the "lt' woutd seem that if Angola raised ' 'Namibian filelwootl consumption was In 1975 the Tsumeb compl~x was ex: pected to consume 1.28 million kwh bf coal (\ 6 000 tonnes), kerosene (6400 state if, commercial 'discqveries are the 'thi~Ughput of its present refinery about 890000 tonnes in 1980. tonnes), purchased ' .electricity (210 made; . " to its qesign maximim, and carried out . _ The, 1980 Namibian fish factory out- electricity. .In the early i 980s, the Tsumeb mine and. smelting/refining million kwh) and bottled gas (400 * the mutual ben.efits for Namibia its current plans for 'expanding its put (fishmeal and fisboil) involved the tannes). and A ngola frof11 the Ruacana/Calue refi'ne'ry capacity, then i'-could be in a consumption of energy consisting of plant had a generating plant with a capacity of 20.87 MW, made up of que hydro-power , omplex and its position to supply most or all of about 44 .8 million kwh of electricity, RECOMMENDA TIONS: associated electricity and water supplies NamIbia's oil needs. Namibia could 48000 tonnes of coal, 32000 tonnes of 17 .67 MW from coal-fuelled steam driven turbo-generators and 3.2 MW potential; . also turn to other countries'in Africa or diesel and 2000 tonnes of heavy Tuel oil. I. The developmen(,of skilled human * the potential viability of additional further afield. If the world 'market.of Ho~ever; asthe Jishing industry gets from diesel generators. The comparable figures, for the,Kombat mine' were 3.35' resources for the energy sector, par hydro"electric facilities onthe Kunene (egined oil producfs remains as it is at rehabilitated, the fuel requirements will MW and 2.5 MW respectively. ticularly the training of Namibian and Okavango Rivers to reduce ex present, then Namibia will experience go up. At present the manufacturing sector' energy planners, is imperative. Initial cessive dependence on the existing no, difficulty in finding alternative Mining is the most significant con- ly, a number of Namibians should 'hyd,ro-electric station at Ruacana; sources of supply. The construction of sumer .of energy and in 1980 it cons um- in Namibia is small and hence nQt significant in energy consumption. A undergo practical training in energy • the reduction of ·the foreign ex a refinery could also be considered after ed an estimated 550'million kwh of elec- tentative estimate of .energy c.onsump- management and on-the-job training change cost of coal currently imported independence. tridty, 60000 tonnes of coal and 39 000 perhaps in SADCC member countries for. electricity generation; to gain experience of how these coun- . *. {he examination of current retail tries have been coping with energy energy prices and their impact on and problems. incentives for conservation of both 'KAIUTURA 2. There will be need f or an energy energy and foreign exchange; survey and supply' management team • the evaluation ofparts of the coun under the energy coordinator to quick- try experiencing orlikely to experience , ly gather and analyse energy data and fuel wood shortages and implementing REVISITE also to ensure a smooth supply of st rategies to allel
I The nuclear club
Use of nuclear facilities not hAfrica subject to i nternat ional ~ ______~_e_s~t_su_s_p_e_c_te_d_1_9_79 ______~o ___ ~~ inspection: Spain, Egypt, • Known nuclear weapons states (+ date of first test) Israel, S. Africa, f.@f#X%1 Possible production of nuclear weapons in the near Pakisfan, India. future: Brazil, Argentina, Libya, Iraq, Iran , Pakistan, Taiwan 'S. Korea, Israel. ~Ih~, Strife-torn Pakistan · gets nuclear go-ahead
BY JUDITH PERERA HIT BY A BOUT of political strife and violence in the streets, Pakistan - for putting satellites into orbit but tions until the Soviet invasion of has bee-n given the go-ahead in Washington to buy a nuclear reprocess equally useful for ballistic missile Afghanistan changed everything. development. - -Pakistan was suddenly of vital strategic CONTROVERSY over whether ing plant from France. The step ends a ten-year embargo. Gemini News Pakistan is 'going nuclear' has been But the main cause for concern and importance and its nuclear activities revived by the resumption of negotia Service reRorts that it reflec;ts Islamabad's strategic importance in the the source of Pakistan's newfound con were forgotten. tions for the purchase of a $150 million Afghanistan conflict, and the feeling that Pakistan's probable nuclear fidence is its uranium enrichment facili US military and economic aid to French nuclear reprocessing plant. capability makes continuation of trade restrictions pointless. The move ty, which began operating at Kahuta Pakistan was increased. The American The decision to reopen talks ten years is also linked to the nuclear arms race with India. near Islamabad in 1984. press suggested Zia had secretly promis after they were suspended because of Atomic bombs cim be made from ed to drop the weapons programme, but fears about Pakistan's nuclear ambi plutonium or from highly enriched Pakistani officials denied this. Zia tions follows a visit to Paris by neighbouring Afghanistan. Pakistan without extreme provocation from uranium. The suspension of talks with himself declared during a trip to Turkey Pakistani Premier Muhammad Khan - - has received $3 .2 billion-in US military India. France blocked efforts to obtain a that an atomic bomb 'has no nationali Junejo. Washington had previously and economic aid since 1981 and is due Pakistan has offered the sign the reprocessing plant_ from which ty'. The Americans and Soviets had ,' agreed to supply high technology, ap a further $4 billion-in the next six years. nuclear non-proliferation treaty if In plutonium could be obtained. nuclear we~pons as well as other coun parently satisfied it would not be used Pakistan insists it must have nuclear dia does. Islamabad was among 11 new lslamabad has already failed to find tries - 'Why not Pakistan then?' to make nuclear weapons. parity with India. Even the suspension members elected to the governing board a supplier willing to provide enrichment The formal start-up of the Kahuta Many observers however, see the US of US aid several times in the Seventies of the International Atomic Energy facilities for uranium, so it decided t6 facility in 1984 fuelled Western fears. decision as tacit recognition that did nothing to deflect it from this path. Agency (IAEA) and has called for a build its own, based on technology that In September President Reagan warn Pakistan already has a nuclear capabili Evidence now suggests that Pakistan nuclear-free zone in-south Asia. used components bought on the open ed Zia if any uranium were enriched ty and that continuing trade restrictions has achieved nuclear weapons capability Ironically Pakistan'S nuClear_ market. beyond 5 percent American aid might would be pointless. by mastering uranium enrichment. capability may turn out to be the key Ostensibly the Kuhuta facility was be at risk. Prime Minister Rajiv Ghan Moreover,Washington now sees Western diplomats in Islamabad ac to peace in the subcontinent. India now built to provide fuel for eight light water di said India would have to reconsider Pakistan as a vital strategic ally against cept Pakistan's assurances that it will seems ready to listen to it, and last power reactors Pakistan says it will in' its own nuclear policy if Pakistan ex T the perceived Soviet threat in neither make nor test a nuclear device December the countries agreed not to stall by the end of the century when it ploded a bomb. attack each other's nuclear facilities. can find a supplier. The process requires In October 1985 Zia, addressing the The agreement followed five years of uranium enriched to contain three per UN, repeated and offer which Pakistan growing tension over behind-the-scenes cent of the U-235 isotope. A successful had made to India many times before. nuclear jockeying. Pakistan's advances bomb required uranium enriched to 90 Pakistan would sign the non provoked a pro-bomb lobby in India percent. proliferation treaty, accept safeguards amid clear signs that both sides were Dr Abdul Qader Khan , head of the on all nuclear facilities , agree to inspec developing nuclear weapons. Kahuta project, commented: 'Purely tion, renounce nuclear weapons and ac In 1982 Pakistan tried unsuccessful from the theoretical and academic point cept a nuclear-free zone if India would ly to buy nuclear-related stainless steel of view , when we are capable of enrich do the same. spheres from Western companies. That ment to 3 percent there is nothing which Delhi, with an eye on China and com same year the Swedish company, Scan stands in our way technically to-stop us placent in its nuclear superiority, had diflash sold Pakistan several flash x-ray from enriching to 90 percent. It is this previously dismissed the suggestion. But machines useful for high speed which has sent jitters through India and ith Kahuta up and running it had to photographrs of nuclear and conven a number of Western countries'. listen. In December Ghandi again tional implosions, but under US Heinsisted that 'our enrichment pro demande.d to know what use the enrich pressure did not include operating gramme is solely for peaceful purposes ed _uranium- from Kahuta would be put manuals, spares or training in the deal. and we do not have any intentions of to. 'There is no other problem' he. said. Scandiflash later sold several of the making nuclear weapons', a point A week later the head of Pakistan's machines to India after a British com reiterated by other officials, including Atomic Energy Commission, Munir pany had refused. President Zia ul-Haq. Ahmad Khan, said the uranium would in 1984 a Pakistani, Nazir Ahmad But, Khan acknowledges, 'it is not be used to fuel power reactors-planned Vaid, was deported from the US for try beyond their reach to manufacture for the Punjab. ratlALatloVlS to ing to take krytrons out of the country. nuclear weapons should the president Within a few days Zia was in Delhi Krytrons are switches which can be us so order'. to sign the agreement that neither coun NAMIBJAN ed in the firing mechanisms of atomic Pakistan's determination to match try would attack the other'S nuclear -O~ Y0t-iV' lst"cU1Y1iv~aV'y bombs. Indian nuclear capability dates from facilities. A nuclear balance had at last In December that year two squadrons 1965 when Foreign Minister Zulfiqar been established.- Gemini. of Indian Air Force Jaguars in the Ali Bhutto, later president, made the remote Kashmir hills were reported to -now famous statement that if India be practising techniques used for drop made a bomb, Pakistan would 'eat.. ping nuclear weapons. grass or leaves, even go hungry, but we TRIP Both countries have given top priority will get one of our own'. to their rocket prograinmes, ostensibly The US opposed Pakistan's ambi- THE NAMffiIAN FRIDAY September 5 1986 11 e,l ~ I~ Iell ~ I By Martin Goaseb· 1 New thoughts on Depo debate DEPO Provera is the better-known cooperation body, Medicus Mundi, Depo Provera a means (among others) name of medroxyprogesterone acetate, pointed out that Depo Provera, which for French society to resolve, by deny also known as OP 50 and Suprestal, the , was approved for use during a five year ing their exis'tence, the economic and only known injectable contraceptive in experimental period in 1980 by the cultural problems posed by the now existence. A single injection makes a French authorities, is used by t~o stable and permanent presence of large woman infertile for at least three groups of women: 'woman undergoing 'minori,ties of foreign origin?' months, thus cutting the need for a dai psychiatric treatment who are unable to This may be the root of the problem ly pill and freeing women from worry organise their own contraception, and but it is not going to help doctors try for a whole quarter of a year. immigrant women with whom com ing to define a position on Depo Pro Given its properties, one, might munication is difficult and even vera on the basis of purely medical assume that this long-lasting contracep criteria. They need a thorough WHAT IS OPTIMISTICALLY referred to as a 'new initiative' tive would be universally-used, like ' understanding of its nature and poten on Namibian independence, is increasingly being spoken of, penicillin and aspirin, This is however, tial uses. not the case. Manufactured in the US It , would seem that ' the medical both in Namibia and in South African circles, and would seem by the Upjohn company in the early aspects of the contraceptive are kept an obvious attempt to circumvent the implementation of the 1970s, the product was banned in 1978, deliberately vague, precisely to maintain United Nations settlement plan. following moves by the US Food and this state of ignorance. Otherwise, what The Administrator General, Mr Louis Pienaar, gave publicity to Drug Administration (FDA), whose Tul is the explanation for the absence of any the 'new initiative' in a recent speech, and it is believed he is supported ings have virtual force of law. Depo serious inquiry into Depo Provera, Provera has also been banned by the covering a defined pOpulation sample by the Chairman Of the socalled Constitutional Council, Judge Vic British Ministry of Health. over ' a long period, by the competent tor Hiemstra, as 'well as having, support in certain circles in South Sweden has stopped its distribution, authorities? " . Africa. ' " and more recently, West. Germany The lack of investigation into the The 'new iIlltiative' basically iorw~rds the argument that groups decided to restrict its use to women in undesirable side-effects of Depo Pro inside the territory should themselves d,eliberate and negotiate with. '" good health who are unable to use other vera, is particularly incomprehensible in South Africa for independence in Namibia. The excuse for the 'ne~~-,', contraceptives. India, where legislation view of the fact that the medical notes initiative' is that while. the withdraw'!l of ~uban troops from Angola forbids the use of any medication bann which come with Depo Provera clearly ' was still a pn:cQ\1dition to the implementation of Resolution 435, ed in its country of origin, suspended indicate that it is not entirely proven Namibians could, not wait i'ndefinitely for i.I}dependence. ,I ~- its use in 1978. The National Medical that its use does not cause cancer. Research Council is currently trying to A note produced by Upjohn So what's new? The 'new initiative' sounds like similiar 'new in perfect a purely Indian injectable con however, refers to numerous itiatives' of the past, all of which wound up in unelected governmentS traceptive in order to tackle its 'undesirable side effects', such as the of select ethnic and political groupings, and none of which ever suc wellknown population problem. risk of 'slight or heavy haeQlorrhages' ceeded in getting the support of the' people of Namibia. Depo Provera however, is still used which can be 'rare or virtually daily' , IF GROUPS GET TOGETHER, THEN WHY NOT ON LINKAGE? in its various forms in more than 75 to as weli as the possibility of weight in 80 percent of countries, where it is ad crease, headaches, stomach pains, ner MY ARGUMENT against the 'new initiative' is that, in the first place, ministered to more than 10 million MARTIN HUBERT GOASEB is a vousness, dizziness, and diminution or if the 'internal groupings' as they are known, are able to get together women. Despite the measures taken by Namibian who is studying medicine in loss of sexual desire. and talk about strategies for independence (which I doubt) then they the FDA, the World Health Organisa Harare, Zimbabwe. He has written this The use of Depo Provera in South could just as well get together and approach the South African Govern article on t~e use of Depo ,Provera. tion (WHO) is ericouraging its distribu Africa:is another cause for concern. The ment on the basis that they do not accept the linkage precondition tion in the Third World through fami- _ contraceptive is injected as a matter of and instead call for the implementation of Resolution 435 immediately. Iy planning programmes, backed by in impossible. course into black women who have just A 'new initiative' is in any case superfluous, when it apparent ducements such as free availability, This is what emerged from two short given birth, for,reasons which are so ob IS which are in turn reinforced by inquiries into the use of contraceptives vious .that ,the phrase 'genocide by that the South African Government does not wish to settle the Nami authoritarian measures of some in health centres, which was carried out prescription' has been used to describe bian independence question - not the way in which the Nami,bian peo regimes. in the first quarter of 1982. this practice. ple want it settled in any case., In conclusion I would like to call What is so special about Depo Pro The In,formation and Support to Im SA HAS NOT ACCEPTED THE REALITIES OF NAMIB)A vera? Why these double standards migrants Workers Group, which was upon the medical personnel who are which reJiult in its being banned in the one of the groups takil!g part in the in dealing with the notoQous Depo Pro IT IS ,OBVIOUS, that by touting. the. .'new initiative', thl! South northern hemisphere while ' "its vestigation, quotes from a book by M vera drug, 'to educate the black wOlI)en, Africans have virtually accepted that the interim government will not or at least explain the side effects of the widespread use is being encouraged in FeUous which deals with family plann succeed in its present form. most countries in the southern ing in the North African and Por drug before giving the injection. The 'new initiative' is a rather diplomatic way for the Administrator hemisphere?' As the Algerian daily tuguese immigrant communities in Let our women make the choice paper, Ei-Moudjahid, asks: ,'Why are France. Fellous underlines the complex themselves, knowing the side-effects or General t9 inform the interim government and its supporters that it there two weights, and two measures?' ity of the contraception problem for dangers. • is not broadly-ba~e4 enough to gain any acceptance whatsoever, women from other countries, and he Don't force women, or give false whether.natiomilly or internationally:'" < > ' In rance, an investigation carried out "i I I,).: _ by two immigrant workers' support" asks: , ' facts or give the drug to )¥omen who the Administrator 'General and the €hafrman of the socalled'CoR1. .A~ groups and the international medical 'Is not banning the p,rescription of have just.given birth. ' stitutional Council, Judge Hiemstra, are bQtli well-aware, that the;siX . parties ,within the interim gov$!rnment arejea10us of the pbwer that' ' they hold over the country, and are not about to. welcome pewcop:te rs; .. ' ,.whether they be Swapo or the HN~. , ,'.' .':', ,,",,- 'o' ~~' . ''',;. " And yet they are forced to the realIsatIon, whICh. 'las Q~el1 ' pOlnH:d Several ·Ieave on ' out often enough to them, that the large majority of the population :,~ LW~ 'F " 'I. . ._ . are not represented in the present 'government'., At the same time, by touting the 'new initiative' the South Africans hope to 'pull in a few more parties (Mr Peter Kalangula's CDA' is 'of scholarships abroad course, still priority number one), to make the· base broad' enough " . to accomo~ate some on the left of the political spectrum, but hOt so' broad as to be hostile to South Africa. . • The 'new initiative' is nothing other than a renewed attempt, after many failed attempts of the past, on the part of the South African Government to rig 'a settlement in Namibia which is favourably dispos ed towards, them.
WARNINGS BEFORE EXPENSE AND. WASTE IS INCU~.RED,. BEFORE THE propagandists of the 'new initiative' embark serious-.. lyon their plan of action, it would be well to warn them that this plan too, has little chance of success. It is all very well for the Administrator General to dictate what the needs are for such a'new initiative' of Namibian parties: and amo,ng them he states that the de facto and effective leaders should be in volved and that there would have to be maximum participation by all 'cultural' groups, but it is quite another thing to achieve it. The idea appears to be to take the focus off the interim govern Morine Ngaringombe Joseph Minnaar Paulina Elago ment (since it is so obviously unacceptable to most),and instead shift airl the emphasis to the socalled Constitutional Council where all groups could be accomodated. It is then envisaged that a cosy group of most ,n"')lif ed on them not to wait abroad until in ethnic groups and a' broad representation of pOlitical parties, could TWQ.ST AFF MEMBERS oflth"ilMI{I! BY ESAU NOWASEB tin Luther High School, MessJSJ.joS'epliJ:' dependence but to come' home im work out a plan of action to ask South Africa for independence, and Minnaar and Adam Murangi' (esigned 1 Luther since the beginning of this year mediately after completing their studies : in so doing, gain 'acceptance' frot'ir Africa and the world abroad. recently to further their studies in 'the was yet another MLH staff member,to to join the 'struggle' for genuine 'in NO NATIONAL O~ II'UtRNATIONAL ACCEPTANCE '" United States of America, despite shor end services at the school. Ms Turner dependence in Namibia. tage of teachers at the school. Both of returned to her hometown in Britain last Also ori Lutheran World Federation SUCH A PLAN would not succeed in gaining even national accep them are recipients of. Lutheran World week. Scholarships to t\le States are, rYts tance, since the 'new initiativ.e', like the interim government, IS th~ Federation Scholarships for four years Asked how. the school could afford Paulina Elag(l (former student at Mar product of the South African' Go.vernm!'!nt arid its representatives, and respectively. to lose teachers midway through the tin Luther) to stuqy' Business Adm not the people themselves. ' Mr J Minnaar left for the States last year, the headmaster, Mr J efta ministration and Accounting, and Ms Virtually all parties in Namibia, with the exception of the interim week to study BSc Education at St Olafs Tjozongoro said people should be given Morine Ngaringombe who will read for government groups', have condemned linkage and called for 435 . Why College ' in Minnesota, while Mr opportunity at whatever time available BSc Physiotherapy. Both of them will do!!s the interim government not do the same? This would prevent , to further their studies and that he saw study at the ' Rock Island College in Murangi , a SW ANU Youth League ac more waste of time and money on· 'internal' solutions, and would also tivist, will set off in due course. Mr no reason in keeping anyone willing to Illinois. ' Murangi taught Economics and Com study behind. He said it was a sacrifice The scholarships were granted test the South African Government's commitment to 12 THE NAMIBIAN FRIDAY September 5 1986 >'-The Namibian The · Nam-ibian The Namibian FRIDAY September 5 1986 A year fi·lled Our first anniversar·y with ups and. ON AUGUST 30, 1985, int he first edition of The ' Nami bian, we stated in our editorial that 'The Namibian is an independent newspaper "Committed to independence for . downs and ·a Namibia. The newspaper will follow an independent editorial policy and will strive to achieve a greater flow of informa court hearing tion and open debate, and at the same time will support internationally-acceptable independence for Namibia in 'in September terms of Security Council Resolution 435. By displaying THE NAMIBIAN is one year old to editorial independence with honest and realistic reporting, day, despite many ups and downs, we hope to contribute to a free and vigorous press for harassment and vigilante-action Namibia, a vital avenue of accountability open to Nami against the newspaper staff and bians in the absence of other democratic institutions'. offices . . We also said that 'We have no doubt that there will be The first edition of The Namibian appeared on August 30, 1985, after difficult times ahead , and that it will not always be a smooth ' the Free Press of Namibia (Pty) Ltd , path which the newspaper has to tread, but we are op paid a R2P 000 deposit in terms of timistic, in the long run , that critics of the newspaper will the Internal ' Security Act (44 of see that we have the interests of Namibians at heart, and 1950) , while reserving their rights to that our goal is an independent, prosperous country , which take the matter on review . All other can take its ri ghtful place amo ng the nati ons of the world'. local newspapers, with the exce p tion of The Windhoek Observer, We have stuck to this approach during the past year, paid R10 deposits. and we make a renewed commitment to it for the future, After consulting legal advice; The hoping to improve and expand upon what we have already Namibian decided to institute ' established . In the process we hope we have succeeded review proceedings to have the im in giving journalism in this country a 'Namibian face'. position of the deposit set aside . The proceedings have been oppos As we celebrate our first birthday, we do so with regret ed by the interim government that Namibia is not yet independent. The newspaper is com Cabinet and voluminous papers mitted not only to an independent media in the country, ~ were filed for the hearing which will but also to independence for Namibia which should come take place in the Supreme Court on about through free and fair elections. September 26. In its one-year history, The Nami Our first birtH day ce lebration al so comes at a time when bian and its staff have been faced laws restricting freedom of expression , particularly as far with a great deal of harassment as reporting on defence , police and prisons matters, are from unknown vigilantes . . still in force , and while the Publications Act, wher.eby a Apart from frequent attacks on South Mrican committee decides what Namibians should the windows of the offices by or should not read, still applies to this country. vigilantes wield ing ballbearings and catapults , there was also an arson We take this opportunity to reiterate that we will strive attempt on the offices, a bomb in the future , for the same goals we have been striving scare , the tyres of the vehicles of for in the past year, most important of which is the im several staff members were slash plementation of Resolution 435 , so that Namibians may ed and bricks thrown through the at last exercise their right to self-determination and the back windows . Reporter Chris Shipanga, while government of their choice. covering attempted Swapo rallies • on two occasions in 1985, was twice arrested and the charges subsequently dropped . Chris Shipanga was also den ied a SUBSCRIBE TO passport or travel document by the interim government, and despite 'THE NAMIBIAN several requests for reasons for the refusal, has sti ll not been granted Name a travel document. Aft er sev eral req ue sts for Address ...... reason s, the Department said in ...... Code: ...... corresponde nce that all aRplica tions for passports were conSidered on 'merit,' based on th e fo llowin g 6 Months 1 Year 2 Years 26 weeks 52 weeks 104 weeks Surface mail: Namibia and South Africa R 25 .00 R 48.00 R 95 .00 Airmail: South Africa and Nami bia R 27.00 R 53 .00 R 102.00 Surface Mail: Africa and rest of the world R 35.00 R 70.00 R140.00 Airmail: Europe/ UK R 85.00 R170.00 -R3 35.00 Airmail: USA/USSR & Australia R 110.00 R220.00 R440.00 Airmail: Botswana/ Zimbabwe/ Lesotho/ Swaziland R 60.00 R 11 8.00 R230.00 I enclose a cheq ue/ postal order of ...... for ...... weeks subscription to THE NAMIBIAN. (Please ensure exact amount in Rands or equivalent currency.) . POST TO: THE NAMIBIAN P.O. BOX 20783 WINDHOEK 9000 NAMIBIA , .. ' (Telephone: 36970/ 1) ~ ...... " . . \. '<;.,. I ,~ • ~.,.... \; <'):~~~ , _ ~:::~_i<: .·~·:·~:_'r: r"-· -· In);', 1".;\JUUUA1". rK1UAY :september :> l~tso I,) csiteria: 'A passport is the proper ty of the State ; the granting or withholding of a passpo.rt is a state prerogative; the possession of a' passport gives rights to the bearer but also confers on him a cor relative duty of allegiance, and a passport may be denied in the best interests of the state and to protect national security'. Gwen Lister, who was without a passport for a year, was subse quently given a one-year travel document after months of cor respondence with the local Depart ment of Civic Affairs and Manpower. Photographer John Liebenber and reporter Chris Shipanga were also arrested in northern Namibia for allegedly photographing a military convoy , but the military later stated that it would not press charges . The newspaper and its editor has also been the target of threatening and antagonistic remarks by members of the interim govern ment. One of the ministers attack ed The Namibian from the National Assembly where he has statutory privilege , and despite a challenge to repeat his remarks outside the Assembly, has not done so . THE NAMIBIAN STAFF: Front, Liz Graig, Gwen Lister, Esau Nowaseb and Rajah Munamava. Centre, Gottfried Shipanga and Chris Shipanga. Back, Christine Korol , John Liebenberg, Dudley Viall , Mbatjiua Ngavirue and Gail Visagie. Other pictures on this page show attacks on the newspaper offices and several front pages. = ===- 14 THE NAMIBIAN FRIDAY September 5 1986 ') 1:" • . ., ~" , • ,> Police des'cribe mystery· letter as 'a huge 'joke' ,-It. MYSTERIOUS letter sent to a BY RAJAH MUNAMAVA ment with an attractive salary as a former te\lcher at Ong~ed'v, a . means to overcome your obstacles. Training Centre, Mr Samu el '~ This will enable you tO ,continue in 'Chief' Ankama,. and a sum of your task among students in RIOO which he was allege(lJy 'forc Ovamboland' : ed' to accept as an offer to become 'You must bear in mind that the an informer, has been .harided over abo\lementiom;d s~rategy must be to the Police. ., handld with tfie ·utmost. care and The Director of the' Secretariat According to Mr Ankama, two secrecy as the implementation of of the Damara'- Collncil weeks after the class boycotts at the constitutioFl is still in progress Ongwediva Training ' Centre this by an appointed committee within has tbe ,nboQur-, to congratulate year, he received an anonymous the Swapo hierachy both internal THE"NAMIBIAN letter from a certain J Iyambo (pro- ., ly and externally' the letter warned. on . their first birthday. bably' a fictitious name) of Box Meanwhile The Namibian has The contribution the newspaper has made in various Number 1116 Otjiwarongo com established tha t Post Box Number mending him Jor 'taking the pro 1116, Otjiwarongo belongs toa Lt fields , in particular, in -promoting internationally blems of our country to heart and Tobias · Van Schalkwyk ' of the acceptable 'independence for Namibia in terms of committing 'yourself to the national Military Intelligence who has long UN Res'olution 435. This ' commitment can definitely . liberation .struggle and; also for . Mr 'Chief' A'nkl\ma - . been transferred to Pretoria. establishing Nanso branches in knowledge that there are certain . Mr Ankama said that on June not be sidestepped. Ovambolaild'. . persons who plan to terminate the 28th, he was informed by ·the We .re·cognise aod ' acknowledge the newspaper's The letter claimed that in his ef mobilisation of students by expell Directorate of Education for the contribution in this field, forts, Mr Ankama was supported ing you from Ovamboland', the Ovambo Administration that he by many Nansomembers in letter said and added that he would would be transferred to Okatana Namibia, many student organis'a- . be unemployed'withifl forthcoming Senior Primary School with effect tions abroad and about 4000 Plan weeks. . from July 1st. No reasons were combatants. 'It has come to our ' 'We wish to of~er you'employe- given. At Okatana Mr Ankama Mathias Tsaeb was picked up by ' the Oshakati KHORIXAS .. police for questioning. On the occasion of the He said that he was interrogated about 'Nanso and Swapo activities 1st ANNIVERSARY and the boycott at 'Ongwediva of Training Centre. ' 'They then requested me to ~LAMINGO . RESTAURANT become their informer and forced THE NAMIBIAN , twc!. .ltsd notes into my pocket. Keetmanshoop , tHJ.{!fter initially refusing to 'walk out ,; , We oHer a large range of r ,1.0- L.. ,i f-the office with the money, I later IJ ,c.;,u,~~~d .as fthey , became very Con,g,a.tulations to LADIES' DRESSES hostile and started to threaten me' , Mr Ankama further said that he ,was told that he woulq be given a The Namibian '. 'cope-naqJ.e ,and a,post.bQx n\lmber . - .' to which h~ would submit informa- on their first birthday tion and that at times he 'would be to meet" them at secret places. Hurry while stoc~s last 'I decided to leave the area f.or , . fear ,of my life and hav,e returned , the money as I cannot see how I can work for Koevoet, who are . Congr~tulations Chelsea responsible fer atrocities against my own people. I call upon t·o The Namibian Tel: 31154 Koevoet members in the north to , .. - ... Fashions 103 Kaiser St stop interfering with me and my On .their first anniversary family. ... PO Box 21424 Approached for comment a Windhoek Your curtain specialists PoliCe spokesman Inspector Kierie Du Rand said 'This is absolutely ridiculous. It is a good joke'. In WINDSOR ·TAKE-AWAY spector Du Rand said that when a person was taken in, his belongings were taken from him and given back on reiease and that the money was probably his. He would not say CONGRATULATIONS 'whether the money had been to received by the police. THE NAMIBIAN and best wishes for the future ' Roman Catholic Church DAS . ~ri HANSA HOTEL ***TYYY camel YOUR MOST LUXURIOUS STAY graphics AT THE COAST!. Textile Printing & Graphic De~ign Box 44 Best wishes T el. 311 Telex 908-3560 WK . ,.1\. and blessings 41 Bahnhof Street Tel: 22·5941 to Swakopmund 9000 THE NAMIBIAN SW A/Namibia for now and the future May you prosper Standard bakery and succeed Keetmanshoop' in your mission CONGRATULATIONS to unite the people CONGRATULATIONS of this land into to The Namibian ONE NAMIBIA, ONE NATION to The Namibian on their first anniversary on their first anniversary RCC BISHOP B HAUSHI KU ---~~------~------~ \ 'TlIE NAMIB1AN FRIDAY S!!ptember 5 i986 15 CONGRATULATIONS Welwitschia · to Handelshuis KHORIXAS T e amibian · COUNCIL ' Welwitschia Handelshuis congratulate.s .and best wishes for the future OF The Namibian on their first birthday. CHURCHES . Best wishes for the future CHIEF JUSTUS GAROEB IN Y'rll KHORIXAS NAMIBIA . POBOX 100 ,) , Tel: 100 OKAHANDJA 'BACKEREI Ol'lLY ~ 8-1> ~ CAfE UND KONDfTOREI ~ o c.;Fi«:.ker . 0 May I, on behalf of the Coun- open ~ throughout cil of Churches in Namibia, from 05hOO ~ ~~ Bimr 8 .till 18hOO congratulate you on the eve oJ' Okahandja Biickerei ~ of the birthday or first an () ~ ONGRATULATIONS :.q~GlIKS~ . niversary of your newspaper, The Namibian. to The. Namibian· The Namibian is a stimulating CONGRATULATIONS newspaper, which has co me On ih~i! first birthday up with a lot of 'educational,=' to The 'Namibian . informative and · untwisted Tel. 6294718 .. truth in its reporting. This is Tommie Muller st. On their' first annivers,ary the only newspaper which I North. Ind. Area ~; ! ... -: t . know in this country covering ; and qissern .i~a! ing th.~ tr,l.)th. , ~.:. --___~ ...... ----:--,~~.,;,,;...---==.J Long life to The Namibian! . r------..;. We wish to·see more fearless . determination and dedication . CONGRATULATIONS to the truth , serving. and educating the nation : ~l ." ,to DR ABISAI SHEJAVALI THE NAMIBIAN General Secretary Council of" Churches on their first anniversary and best wishes for the future The Diocese of Namibia CORELICKS Tel: 37700 119, -Kaiser Street Best wishes to . THE NAMIBIAN Oshipangelwapundi sha Namibia The Diocese 'of Namibia would like to congratulate The Namibian on the occasion f . th~ celebration of their fir t anniversary. - As members of the public and ! avid readers of the paper, w~ have valued ;.t,he ,Namibian 's €ontribution tfrthe life of our country and look forward to ""======r many more . years of '.. KITeAT STOR en lig hten ed jo urnalism , ac OOK BESKIKSAAR: Keetmanshoop GROWWE SOUT IN 2 KG VERPAKKING -:- GESKfK VIR ALLE curate reporting , info rmative HUISHOUDELI KE DOELEINDES: articles and ' pertin ent comm enta ry. Congratulations to SALT COMPANY (PlY) LTD. FROM THE DI OCESAN OFFICE STAFF THE NAMIBIAN posaus 42 SWAKOPMUNO TEL. 2611 / 16 THE NAMmIAN FRIDAY September 5 1986 , Letters to the Editor Shortcomings TURNING our attention to the impor has frequently been achieved at the of agricultural products are boosted suf tant role that agriculture ""ill be ex marketing or processing stage, no ficiently to encourage tbem to remain. On IG sanctions There is al~o the question of the pected to play in national reconstruc significant success has been recorded at Only Kenya and Malawi have carried bussing of Phillipine children from tion and development, some serious the agricultural production stage. this policy out to any degree of success. I FIND it arrogant in the extreme the socalled international school to shortcomings are to be found in the fin The implication that inequitable land No independent African country, apart that the Interessengemeinschaft Oshakati. These children do not dings and recommendations of the ownership systems are the result of from the two exceptions quoted, have (IG) makes the suggestion that they represent a cross ~ secti on of the United Nations report. The authors ob racial discrimination or the activities of attempted to give.rural dwellers a fair travelw Zambia to investigate the population yet they enjoy special viously had access to many statisrics the commercial (white) sector is incor slice of the national income. Could this standard or level of education at privileges. Such a bus cannot be us relating to Namibian agriculture but rect, although there have been disad not be ' a proposed aim f()r a future the U nited Nations (UN) Institute ed by black children who live in their knowledge of agriculture per se vantages created unnecessarily and un Namibia? . fo r Namibia. Oshakati (black residential area) and in particular the processes of Nami justly as a result of the established Again, because of the climatic con bian agriculture are deplorably political structures. One of .the distur straints upon the greater part of One is forced to assu,me that they and who do not attend the same apparent. bing comments made is that 'blacks Namibia, agricultural production are satisfied with the apartheid or schooL Their parents have to take . As a result a number of important have been deprived of access to arable systems will of necessity remain exten bantustan education dealt out to them to school every day despite recommendations can be seriously land and pasture~'. As the authors of sive and 'livestock oriented. Hence op children inside the country. That the fact that they are less privileged. faulted. The problems inherent in the fer no evidence for this accusation, nor portunities for labour intensive produc there is a low and inferior standard What criteria is used to deter development of Namibian agriculture do they attempt to quantify the degree tion programmes will be extremely of education inside this (l()untry is mine which schools need transport? are to a large extent identical to those of deprivation, the impression is created limited as will be general employment not even mentioned by the IG, yet Why provide _ transport for faced by other ex-colonial African ter of the authors quoting experiences in in the agricultural sector. Thus the aim they want to 'investigate' the stan Phillipine children and exclude ritories on attaining independence but other parts of Africa and'applying thell.! of settli'ng political returnees and other dard of education at the UN In· blacks? it is obvious thai the authors are quite indiscriminately to Namibia . This con jobless on the land has little chance of unaware of this. Some of the recom clusion is reinforced by the fact that the success. In addition the considerable stitute in Zambia. I would think the priority is to mendations are similar to those made authors themselves state that Ovam underemployment which already exists May is remind them that the provide more schools and educa· twenty or more years ago and which boland has the largest share of the coun in rural areas means that the scope for discriminatory education system in tional facilities, to pay for students have been found to be wanting, yet it try's cattle population - 16 percent - en such a programme must this country is exactly the reason to further their studies so they may is clear the authors have made no at tirely black owned . be restricted. Pursuing such a goal in why the UN Institute came into come back and alleviate the teacher tempt to familiarise themselves with the The rainfall amounts and distribution th ~ light of existing limitations would being. shortage, rather than waste money extensive literature on the developmen as quoted in the report are incorrect. result in agriculture becoming a reser It is further obvious that the on transporting people in half tal problems of sub-Saharan There is no excuse for this - the data is voir for the nation's unemployed and underlying reason for a trip to empty buses. agriculture. freely available. a social welfare system at considerable I think the priority for this Ad It is important to realise that many An alarming statistic quoted is that Zambia and Zimbabwe is to try hidden cost. ministration is not to waste money of the problems inherent in Namibian .i n 1979 some 48 percent of all farms had In the light of the above comments and meet with the external Swapo agriculture and its existing structures, absentee owners. It is unlikely that in it is difficult to imagine how the authors leadership. But again, as is normal on foreigners and pay them ter while clouded by the black/ white rela 1986 the percentage will be any less. To envisage that land reform and resettle ly the case with people who are on ritorial and danger allowances and tionship, are widespread throllghout the any independent country such an occur ment can be brought about in concert ly interested in their own economic other fringe benefits, at the expense world. Wherever there exists a small but rence is totally unacceptable and it must with increased agricultural productivi: and social wellbeing, they hide the of the Namibian people. Instead economically powerful sector of the be a' matter of priority' to either per ty without allowing considerable migra true reasons behind such a trip. money should be re-allocated to population with freehold tenure systems suade the absentee to take up perma tion of the rural population to centres The IG should ask themselves areas where it is needed. that facilitate credit creation alongside nent residence or relinquish their owner of urbanisation and industrialisation. whether Swapo is in fact interested . a large but eC'onomically weak sector ship. In such circumstances the All First World ' industrial countries in meeting with people who portray CONCERNED CIVIL SERVANT dependent on communal land tenure justification for nationalisation appears have been able to arrive at their current OSHAKATI systems which militate against establish to be unassailable. . economic positions only through rural such selfishness. ed credit systems, inequity and depriva Such fanTls, when appropriated, can urban emigration, a ready supply of The IG needs to be reminded tion arise. serye two purposes, firstly for the cheap labour and at a considerable that it is ludicrous to even vaguely Unpatriotic act This is particularly so in ' South establishment of smallscale livestock social cost. There does not appear to be assume that Namibia would or Am~rican countries and in India where farmers prepared to implement approv any alternative to this for Namibia should be excluded from sanctions , IN MY VIEW, the explanation by colour problems do not exist but con ed systems of production and second despite professed socialist intentions. if applied against South Africa. the Cabinet that it had no choice siderable socio-ec~>nomic injustices ly, for the establishment of state Countries can only bring about lasting These people conveniently forget than to halt the murder trial of four prevail. One of the major problems in controlled commercial production units social adjustments to injustice and that there is a war being fought in South African soldiers is hothing uplifting peasant agriculture the world which can also act as training centres deprivation through economic growth. this country by an illegal regime other than sanctimoniousness. over has been the, difficulty of transfor in practical matters. As a result of the curious logic and mfng land' tenusre systems of peasant The authors then turn to the subject lack of familiarity with development trying to stifle the natural demand The Cabinet should not have agriculture so that.proven methods of of containing the anticipated rural literature which the authors display a for self-determination and in consulted their legal advisers on creditel}tension .. can .be effectively urban' migration and the need to settle number of their recommendations can dependence of the Namibian who to beh.ave in such a case, but introduced. I.' I • political returnees and other jobless thus be faulted . The first point dealing people. should rather have consulted {he Some countries whih \lave deemed it people on the land. In t.he first instance" . with the abandoned farms is acceptable For that reason alone, sanctions people in the streets of Katutura or politically acceptable to grant credit no democratic government wourd in as'is poi,nt seven calling for the support' should be applied against South elsewhere in the country. Then they facilities to peasant farmers enjoying terfere with the worldwide natural of smallscale livestock farmers through Africa and its puppets. would have learned that such an ac only communal tenure have seen a tendency of rural people to escape from extension and credit facility services, Again one smells only self tion is a downright unpatriotic act tremendous waste of resources. Again, povery and deprivation to conurbations and point eight, which advocates the ex interest from the IG, especially and a betrayaL ploration of new markets for Namibia where cooperative structures have been in searh of employment and other those who have been part of the op They would also have learned introduced at the production stage to associated benefits. cattle and beef away from South Africa. circumvent the problem little or no pro Rural people may be persuaded to Point two recommends the establish pressive system themselves, in try that a government of Namibia has gress has been achieved. Whilst success stay in their original areas if the prices ment and support of cooperatives which ing to protect their own interests to vehemently reject such a request have been proven failures throughout rather than using all possible means by the State PreSIdent of South independent Africa and therefore to change the face of the status . Africa and to accept the should be excised. Point four recom quo. . consequences. mends the revival and diversification of Have people still not realised that In the meantime, the Cabinet has the dairy industry in a sub desert had we been an independent, requested the South African environment! democratic state, sanctions applied Government to amend the legal Points five and six deal with agricultural research and ignore the vast against South Africa would have position. Are the members of the amount of research data currently been irrelevant to us. Independence Cabinet not men enough to resist available. Moreover the authors are for Namibia, internationally by themselves? unaware that the real problem with recognised, is the priority and Once again the members of the agricultural development has been and nothing else. interim government have shown remains the absence of an efficient im that they are puppets of South plementation of available research data A LUBOWSKI Africa. They have made fools of without devoting any additional funds WINDHOEK themselves and they will be held to research than presently spent. To responsible for betrayals of con conclude their recommendations, the fidence in days to come, authors advocate a 'net transfer of Alien in country financial resources from the relatively well-endowed mining sector to the HAVING been born in the north K R SIEVERS agricultural sector'. of Namibia, I find myself an alien - WINDHOEK Such naivete is to be deplored. To in the country of my birth. Why? -- . suggest robbing (the word is used It is because many things are in Antl.·Nanso deliberately) Peter to pay Paul oh the the hands of foreigners, stripping aSSUmPtion that both will be equally us of our rights. I WOULD like to convey this productive 'at the end of an initial Many of these people are in the message to the Director of Educa developmental period is both political tion, inspectors, principals and all ly and economically unsound. Who Ovambo "Administration. would then continue to invest in min For example, there are three teachers and parents in northern ing in Namibia?' The government could buses taking people to work at On Namibia. not 'for lack of funds and the private dangua and bringing them back to· Most of the abovementioned sector would not for lack of return. Valombola and Oshakati where people are vehemently opposed to Fortunately the authors retrieve the they live. Two buses are solely for the Nanso student movement. situation to an extent with their list of blacks, and although they are big, Many of them also favour the film recommended policy measures. Of the they are constantly overloaded shows which are shown by Etango thirteen measures listed, exception'can because there are so many blacks in the schools in northern Namibia. only be taken to the first two which Most of the principals, with the stem directly from misinformation in working in Ondangua. The third respect of climatic data and a limited bus, a 65-seater, is used only. for exception of one that I know, understanding of the agricultural pro whites, even if the occupants do not allows Etango to show these films cesses involved. exceed ten. In most cases this bus in the schools, and we students are is empty and black passengers not tired o f watching this allowed to board. This is a waste indoctrination. AGRICULTURALIST of both'lllOney and petroL Rather The film shows merely propagate ONDANGUA give the whites a 15-seater bus or the interim government and en FOR OUR BIRTHDAY allow blacks to use the bus as welL courage children to join the army. The Namibian T-shirts Most of these whites are paid ter- The educational needs of students Note: this response to the agricultural . ritorial allowances and have many should be catered for rather than Available at a special price of R7 (GST inc) section of the UN Report on Persectives more benefits than their black showing us these films of (For mail order please include R1.S0 for fo r National' Reconstruction and indoctrination. Development in Namibia, has been counterparts . The sooner the Ad postage in Namibia and R2 for SA) shortened. - Editor. ministration reverses this policy, NANSO SUPPORTER Please specify the size you want the better. NORTHERN NAMIBIA THE NAMIBIAN FRIDAY September 5 1986 17 DID YOU KNOW? Noah's donkey is alive and well and living in Windhoek. These two 'cowboys' were there to prove it at the Windhoek Show. JOHAN van Niekerk, one of South Africa's best-known artists, at The Coffee Shop the opening of his exhibition of paintings at the Gallery 191 last week. Johan lives in Kleinmond in the Cape and has often visited Namibia where he held an exhibition in Windhoek in 1981. He was recently commissioned to paint a series of stamps for this country after his very successful philatelic designs for the Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Ciskei and South Africa. Best Industrial Reporting Award At last week's annual Atlas Copco Industrial Reporting function the overall winner, .lohan du Toit, received his trophy from.Mr An ton Biehler of Siemens and vice-president of the Chamber of Com merce and Industries. The runners-up in the printed media section were Anita Schmidt of the Namibia Nachrichten and Angel Engelbrecht from the mouthpiece of the interim government. CONGRATULATIONS to THE NAMIBIAN on their 1 st anniversary VIVIENNE Graig and her partner Wollen van Wyk have just started COME AND CELEBRATE WITH US AT OUR The Coffee Shop, and its an intimate corner in Windhoek which will ,probably become very popular. Pictured are Vivienne and Wollen and guests on the opening night. . SPRING COLLECTION '86 Cocktail fashion show PRESENTED BY Gallery ',Limited Editions '---__191 , designer boutique OFF CALLES EN Tel_:(061) 2-4441 p.o. Box 222 ' 191 Kaiser trt. 9000 WINDHOEK S.W.A./Namlbla 1 lucky ticket holder in the audience will win 1 WEEK AT THE HIGH RUSTENBURG HYDRO STELLENBOSCH Congratulations Tickets available at: South West Pharmacy Kaiser Street MODELS: EXTR~VAGANZA HAIR: HEIDI'S SCISSORS DATE: Saturday September 13 TIME: 6pm to The Namibian PLACE: Windhoek Theatre Admission fee: R10 (including cocktails) on their first anniversary 18 THE NAMIBIAN FRIDAY September 5 1986 Focus 'on Africa' IIGIRI aven ues for trade. Missionaries, while con verting Africans, also promoted the idea of buying British goods which they saw as a 'Christian trade' replacing the heinous slave trade. Both groups played a vital role in making the interior accessible to coloni al Area : 923,773 sq. km. and trading interests. Fearing challenges to her economic Population: 96.6 mill io n (mi d-1985) World supremacy in Africa and desiring to control Bank estimate. future economic prospects, Britain prepared Capital: Abuja to un dertake direct political control. At the 1883 Conference of Berlin, European Principal Towns: Lagos, Ibadan, Kano, Abeokuta, Ogbomosho, Port Harcourt, powers reached agreement on how they Enugu, Ab a, Onitsha, lIorin, Kaduna . would carve up Africa, and Britain set about the military conquest of the Nigerian Date of Independence: 1 October 1960 . . peoples. The decisive factor was clearly Head of State: 8abangida. superior European military technology, but there was strong resistance in many areas and conquest )Vas not achieved without bloody and " ruthless- use of firepower, especially in Benin. In 1900 separate pro- tectorates were declared in the North and the Sou~h and a colony in Lagos. The pro tectorate of the South and the colony of Lagos were unified in 1906, and in 1914 the StaleCaptal 1 Fed.... , C.... '~I "'U ''''og ~' $,.,. 118" ....0$ ... .. '",o$r.,. ll~S'A ,e 1s.;.,.,o51 •• " 11 G""lIoIaSI.'" R,¥ .,~ S ••"e Og"" s, ~ ' " K~ ... S,a,~ J • n. B ~ nd .' S , . ,~ protectorate of the North and that of the • • O~O S,,,.. 9 Kano 511 .e !! :~~::"s~:~;e OndoS'.'e 5 K"' a,~ Slate 10 Bauch, S'~I " A- 15 "'".mb •• S,.,. C>oull,v . ' S I ~"· South were unified to become Nigeria. British government and administrative I policy was not to dissolve traditional of the horrendous slave trade: the English political structures but rather to rule POLITICAL began to replace the Portuguese as the through the aristocracy of the conquered leading traders on - the coast, and slaves peoples-it was this idea that lay at the heart rapidly became the major export. of the concept of 'indirect rule'. Such a HISTORY Estimates are that between 30-40 million policy appealed to the parsimonious minds The existence of peoples living within the people left West Africa as a result of the of Treasury officials·as be'ing less costly , but confines of what we now describe as Nigeria slave trade. Many Nigerian slaves ended up more importantly it provided an effective can be traced to as far back as 5000 BC, in Brazil and Cuba and some in Trinidad guarantee of a stable environment for the when some groups appear to have practised and Haiti. The internal effects of the trade, extraction of economic surplus. The system Languages: English:Main Nigerian settled agliculture there. Better document meanwhile, were catastrophic. Apart from worked well in the North where there was a languages: Hausa (north), Yoruba (south ation exists on the Nok, who were an iron the sheer human tragedy involved, the trade Fulani aristocracy but in the South things westL Ibo (south-east). Other languages making people living on the Jos Plateau as encouraged military conflict, nurtured include Edo and Efik. did. not work so smoothly. Though the early as 300 BC, famous for their terracotta chronic political instability and severely Yoruba of the south-west had a tradition of Religion: Islam in the north and west. sculpture. Certainly the existence of large discouraged agricultural and economic powerful kings (Obas) none had ever Christianity in the south and traditional . beliefs. states with centralised governments from advance, . collected taxes, and citizens in this part of Currency: Naira , div ided into 100 kobo. about the 7th century AD is well-known. The northern part of what is now called the country found it difficult to accept The first well-recorded state was the Nigeria was largely untouched by the taxation. Amongst the Ibo of the south-east kingdom of Kanem, originally located Europeans. Trade was still conducted the policy was an even greater disaster. GENERAL north-east of Lake Chad. Its economic basis principally with North Africa. Here the 18th Historically this part of Nigeria had not rested on a trading relationship with North century witriessed a series of revolutionary witnessed th.e growth of any large centralised INFORMATION Africa and political power was concentrated upheavals within the Hausa kingdoms, states or indigenous imperial powers, and in the hands of the Sefawa dynasty which initiated by Usman Dan Fodio. The result the British misunderstood forms of political embraced Islam. The dynasty had strong was the replacement of Hausa kings with organisation where there were no clear Geography: Nigeria has a long coastline imperial ambitions, a powerful army and a Fulani rulers and the establishment of the ruling groups as such, with sandy bays, lagoons and mangrove policy of marrying . members of ruling Sokoto caliphate. The movement, which Demands for independence from colonial swamps. Tropical rain forests and swamps in the south merge with woodland and groups of vassal states-a policy that was was known as the Jihad (holy war), had its rule began in the second and third decades savannah in the north. The Central Plateau not always successful: the empire was often sources and its motivations in a much more of the 20th century, although demands at reaches a height. of 2,000 m. There are torn by civil war. During one such phase in complex set of factors than is often assumed. first were for more participation in the numerous rivers, the principal ones being There was clearly a moral , intellectual, existing government rather than for self the Niger an.d Benue. the 14th century, Kanem was invaded by the Bulala and the Sefawa dynasty was forced to religious and reformist thrust to the government. After the Second World War, People: The people derive from over 250 ethnic groups. The four largest of these are move to Borno. The Kanembu nuCleus movement, as exemplified in the person of which was the major impetus to the the Hausa, Yoruba, Ibo and Fulani. mixed with the indigenous people and Dan Fodio himself; but the movement also independence movement, political parties Climate: Varying between the ' north and became known as the Kanuri; their empire partly stemmed from economic grievances were set up to campaign for independence: south but mostly tropical. Temperatures are soon turned the scales ; nd reconquered ofthe Fulani. The settled Fulani disliked the - the National Council for Nigeria and the hotter in the north which borders the Sahara. market tax, while the pastoral Fulani Cameroons (NCNC) led by Dr. Nnamdi Temperatures theFe rise to over 4O"C Kanem. Between the 11th and 15th much of the year. Humidity is higher in the centuries a series of Islamic Hausa states resented the tax on their cattle and the raids Azikiwe, and the Action Group (AG) led south, where temperatures average 29"C. also ' flourished in the north at Kano, on their livestock; both groups felt a keen by Obafemi Awolowo. Student federations, A cooling Harmattan season keeps Katsina, Zaria and Nupe. national newspapers and ex-servicemen temperatures and humidity down between sense of discrimination. The Fulaniformed December and February. In the south there were empires centred a cohesive group with a superior cavalry, joined in the demands. at Ife, Oyo, and Benin. Ife, despite a later and they very adroitly exploited the disunity The British government, under both Banking: Central Bank of Nigeria is the nationalist and American pressure, became bank of issue. There are many locail y incor decline in political influence, still retained a among the Hausa kingdoms as well as the porated .foreign banks, including Standard spiritual and institutional importance. Its dissatisfactions of the poor Hausa against rapidly reconciled to the prospect of giving Bank Nigeria , now known as First Bank of bronzes and terra cotta sculptures are world their own rulers. . up direct political control so long as the Nigeria, and Barclays Bank, now known as famous. Folklore has it that descendants economic benefits were still secure; the Union Bank. from Ife founded the kingdoms of Oyo and disastrous policies of the French in · Indo Air Transport: Murtala Muhammad Air BRITISH china and Algeria also recommended-this port, Ikeja , is located 25 km. from central Benin. Lagos. It is served by many international Economically Oyo became an important IMPERIALISM new approach. Since none of the nationalist airlines and Nigeria Airways which offe rs trading and crafts centre, and with the aid of parties sought to transform Nige ria's services to eleven other Nigerian cities. Air a strong cavalry it soon forged a powerful economic orientation and dependence on charter facilities are available . - The slave trade on the coast came to an end empire. The Benin political system rested in the 19th century when Britain became the West, there seemed little to worry about Road Transport: Roads are the key to inter state commerce. The roads cover over much more on a sacred monarchy and economically ready for a changeover from a in granting independence. Nigeria's 105,000 km . palace bureaucracy whose powers were . mercantile sugar-based trade (which centred struggle for independence was thus as much Rail Transport: The network covers 3500 checked by associations of title holders. Its on an exchange between slaves and sugar) a struggle to find a constitutional arrange km. and consists of two main routes: Lagos main period of imperial expansion was in to an industrial economy, which required ment under which the elites of the different Kana and Port Harcourt-Enugu-Kaduna. the 14th and 15th century and is well raw materials like palm oil from West Africa groups could bargain with eal.;h other after Sea Transport: The main ports are Lagos illustrated in the famous bronzes produced and which also saw there a market for independence, as it was a struggle to secure Apapa, Lagos-Tin Can Island, Port Har in Benin. _ manufactured goods. The Niger Delta political independence itself. In fact, the court, Warri and Calabar. The petroleum failure to find such a constitutional arrange ports are Bonny and Burutu. The main In the south-east the Ibo and other states in particular, whose economies were Nigerian shipping fleet is the Nige rian peoples evolved societies that were loose slave-based and who were either unable or ment caused independence to be delayed. National Shipping Line Limited. federations without a strong central authority unwilling to make this economic switch, The first such arrangement was the 1947 Television and Radio: National services in or king. In fact out of 250 ethriic groups in opposed-the abolition ofthe slave trade. Richards constitution, which for the first English are broadcast from Lagos and·there Nigeria the vast majority had a society Trade was first handled with the aid .of time created houses of assemblies for the are three more national stations at Enugu, three different regions-the North (mainly Ibadan and Kaduna; separate local services based on · subsistence agriculture with no middlemen from the coastal kingdoms who are provided by each state government. The need for strong political or military knew the geography of the interior. British Muslim in religion arid ethnically strongly ' Nigerian Television Authority (NTV) is establishments. . intentions soon focused on the removal of Hausa-Fulani}--the East (Catholic and responsible for television. European contacts date from the late these middlemen and the institution of mainly Ibo) and the West (partly Anglican Press: There are a score of dailies and many 15th century, when the Portuguese had their direct trade with the hinterland, the major arid Muslim and mainly Yoruba). The Sunday papers. English periodicals are first meetings with Benin. Trade was in significance of these assemblies cannot be abundant. There are also business papers. instruments of this ' policy being the peppers and later in slaves; contacts explorers and the mISSIOnaries. The underestimated for they halted the previous Anned Forces: Army 160,000, navy 6,txxl, trend towards unified government and airforce 7,000. 0 expanded so rapidly that ambassadors were explorers were financed by industrial often exchanged between the two states. interests primarily to discover inland water Th~ arrival of the buropeans marks _the ~ise I - ways and highwa~s ~hi:.~ _~0~1~ serve as ~ : ,,;... -: ~ . .. "'- '~ .. .;--:~--=--- THE NAMmIAN FRIDAY September 5 1986 19 provided the institutional supports for while the AG moved into the opposition. Western representative in Africa, with the West were spared, The coup failed in that ethnic politics. Criticism of the constitution Politics in the years 1960-66 were intricate special task of neutral ising progressive pan ,the head ofthe army, General Ironsi (an Ibo) came from the South, which was affronted and complex. A few salient points capture Africanist and liberationist forces (like was able to rally the army and defeat the by the lack of consultation that preceded its the dominant trends during those years. Nkrumah) and of strengthening the con attempt. What was left of the cabinet then announcement, and the North, which Firstly, competition for political office was servative forces of the Monrovia group. The held a hurried and nervous meeting and sought at least 50% representation in any .fierce and ruthless since control of the state Nigerian Foreign Minister was acting decided to hand over power to General , central legislature. apparatus was the only means of acquiring according to form, therefore, when he lronsi. In 1951" the Macpherson constitution economic power, in the sense of industries spoke out against South Africa's expulsion The accession to power of General Ironsi replaced the Richards constitution. It set up in one's fiefdom and of jobs arid personal from the UN. was welcomed with even more jubilation a House of Representatives and Council of ' wealth for one's supporters. Secondly: , Party political infighting at this time was and greater expectations than indepen Ministers at the centre and gave consider politicians 'were unwilling to construct any dominated by (i) the attempt by the NPC to dence itself. Il was not generally realised at able powers to the regional assemblies. ideology ·based on a , critique of social find a more pliable southern partner in place the time that General lronsi's coming to Under this constitution the first nationwide conditions or to formulate the correspond of the NCNC and, (ii) the sudden realisation power represented not the conclusion of a eiections were held in 1952. The Action ing set of policy prescriptions; instead they by the NCNC that educational superiority successfully planned reformist group, but a Group won in the West. the NCNCin the furthered their claims by identifying them was not directly translatable into political holding action by the army command East and the Northern Peoples' Congress with those of their tribes. Consequently, the skill. The NCNC soon found themselves against an unsuccessful coup d'etat. In fact (NPC) in the North. The immediate cause rules of the parliamentary game were increasingly outmanoeuvred and began the the Ironsi regime lacked any sense of direct of the breakdown of the Macpherson con rapidly jettisoned, and the political system -search for a new coalition. The NPC was ion or purpose or any idea as to how to stitution was the refusal of the NPC to proved unable to contain th~ conflict. more successful in pursuing its objectives. remedy the disastrous political situation. accept the principle of self-government by The NPC-NCNC alliance in government The conservative wing of the Action Group, Ironsi's rule was characterised by a failure to 1956: the NPC feared that with an soon launched a systematic attempt to which reconstituted itself as the Nigerian consult, a predilection to rule by administrat immediate departure by the British. the destroy the opposition. They used minority National Democratic Party (NNDP) under ive fiat and by political clumsiness. South's educational advantages wo uld grievances in Nigeria's West as a pretext to Chief S. L. Akintola, proved to be an agree Increasing' Northern resentment soon e'nable the Southerners to dominate the create a new region within the West, hoping able new partner. The restilt was to force the emerged around three different themes. Northerners politicallyand economically. that this would be a way of chipping away at more progressive wing of the Action Group , First there was increasing suspicion that the , British , policy was to assuage the the opposition Action Group power base. into an alliance with the NCNC. coup might have been tribalistically Northern fears by giving greater regional (Government parties carefully ignored the The general elections in 1964 proved inspired. Questions began to be asked as to autonomy. and by guaranteeing adequate minority grievances in their own regional inconclusive, however; constituencies were why the Ibo premiers were not also Northern representation in a federal powerhouses.) There soon ensued a split in drawn up on the basis oi a heavily disputed assassinated. Were Ironsi and the coup legislative body. The British also saw the the opposition between a conservative census, and the new opposition boycotted leader Nzeogwu not partners? If they were ruling groups of the No.rthas more business wing, who favoured accommod the election. In an atmosphere charged with not why didn't Ironsi try the army majors for conservative and more in ,line with their ation with the government, and a progressive talk of secession, furtive, hints of an army treason? Secondly, Ironsi was increasingly interests. After a series of constitutional wing who wanted the Action Group to take takeover, and a possible constitutional crisis ruling through a small group of Ibo advisers. conferences it was decided amongst other a more combative role. The government between the ceremonial Head of State Finally, the announcement on 24May 1966 things that the civil service . judiciary, and used this split as a pretext to declare a state Azikiwe (NCNC) and the powerful Prime unifying the public services of Nigeria the marketing boards (the main earners of of emergency, in order to impose its own Minister Balewa (NPC), the latter decided revived all the Northern fears of Southern foreign exchange) should be regionalised. administration in the West and to promote to compromise and formed a government of domination. Now any civil servant could The result was that at independence Nigeria the conservative wing of the AG. A com national unity. work in any part of the country, and it was was ~ffectiv,ely three nations, politically and mission of inquiry was set up to investigate feared that Southerners with their better economically. the finances of the Western region, but the MILITARY RULE education would move in to dominate climax came when the opposition was CIVIL WAR government positions in the North. INDEPENDENCE arrested for allegedly plotting to overthrow AND In May, anti-Ibo riots in the North broke the government. ' out, and then in July a group of Northern 1 OCTOBER 1960 Another aspect of this period was the A crucial election ,in the Western region officers staged a coup d'etat. General Ironsi total corruption that pervaded public life . which would have determined once and for was killed as well as several Ibo officers. So Federal elections were held in 1959, The elite's ambition was to acquire wealth all whether the NPC ot NCNC strategy strong was Northern resentment that for a contested by political parties which were by any means. Little or no concern was would be successful, ended with violence. time secession 'was contemplated. On this ethnically dissimilar but all similar in their shown for the interests of the poor, and the Elections were blatantly rigged. There was a issue, however. Northern officers split with commitment to a Western-orientated result was acute social inequality. Workers, total breakdown of law and order in the the middle belt officers; the coup leaders capitalist economic system. No party gained crushed by increasing rents and rising food country in late 1965 as protesting groups finally decided against it and Lt.-Colonel an overall majority. The two southern prices" organised a general strike in 1963 . went on the rampage. It was in this atmos Yakubu Gowon, the ArmyChief-of-Staff, a parties, ' the AG and NCNC, might have The government response was to set up the phere that on 15 January 1966 a group o"f ,Christian officer from a minority group in been expected to have formed an alliance , Morgan Commission for wages, and when army majors (of mainly Ibo origin) attempted the North and a non-participant in the coup, but years of competition for jobs in the civil ·the government refused to accept the a coup d'etat. Their motives were idealistic, was asked to head the government. services and contracts in the business world , recommendations for minimum wages of and the coup had its roots in the widespread created a climate of distrust that made between £6 and £12 a month, a second political grievances nursed by the alliance impossible. Furthermore the NCNC general strike was called in 1964. By 1%5 population as a whole. The Prime Minister, the Premiers of the North and West, the calculated that with its educational peasant-worker disaffection was total. To be continued next week advantage it could dominate any political In foreign policy, during the early inde Minister of Finance and the majority of alliance with the NPC, so the NPC and pendence era, Nigeria performed diligently senior army officers were all assassinated NCNC fo rmed a coalition government, and enthusiastically the role of leading however the Ibo Premiers in East and Mid- Congratulations To The Namibian on their ' first birthday / 20 THE NAMIBIAN FRIDAY SepteJIlber 5 1986 , , The greatest show on earth 'for human dratnas 'AG pleeze daddy won't you take mood was hardly lightened when ,a Ma obviously wanted her fifth while the. dronk cynics tried to us to the show?' huge brute pounced with a body born son back as soon as possible. psyche the Cobra up for a kill. This plaintive cry reverberated search followed by a quick sweep The s.econd-born had run to the Nothing short ofa rabid through suburban homes when the of my person with a geiger-counter tower to request an announcement. , mongoose could have excited this groot skou came to Windhoek last and metal-detector. over the public address, and return deadly legless lizard, and only after week, sending varicose-veined tan Before I had time to recover I ed with the news that it would cost being hooked across the head a few nies scurrying for their best hoed was rushed towards the main arena· Pappie one rand. times did it half-heartedly inflate its jies while scowling oupas unchain in a mob of screaming children, From what I could gather, Pap hood. ed their kudu-skin wallets. feeling like somebody' who pie reckoned that klein Stoffel The crowd gasped when it open Thousands of dented Opels and ' wandered into Auschwitz with a wasn't worth even fifty cents and ed its mouth, but, exhausted by the half-dead Cortinas filled with will star on his chest. that one rarid would be far better effort and overcome with guilt at ing victims took to the road every Somewhere 'near the prize pig spent on a Windhoek Special than the thought of biting the hand that day; paddock I managed to fight my it would on getting his snotty-nosed feeds him, closed it again and Last week I decided to take my way out of the seething adolescent offspring back t.o his mother's am- . slithered towards the paint tin feel life in my hands and joined the maelstrom and grab hold of a man pIe bosom. ing a bout of Cold Turkey creep throng of human lemmings bound who had eighteen beer mugs strap . Enough of human drama I ing up his spine . for the Greatest Show on Earth, ped to his waist. ' thought to myself, and fled into the - The conservator made a witty folks,. , Despite a little initial confusion snake display where a hyper-amped remar!c about forked tongues and To be able to park within a fif this twisted ~ersion."~f an alcoholic khak'i-clad conservator was telling stepped backwards onto a puff teen kilometer radius of the Rambo pointed me in the direction the skittish young meisies not to be adders head. grounds .one had to pay, but for of the beer tent. afraid' but to move closer for, the I - left before people started tunately I found a spot in the nor After staring death in ,the eyes most incrediQle act ever seen. screaming for serum, and embark thern industrial area just where the within the dark and yeasty recesses He handled the non-venomous ed on a hopeless search for the exit. , queue ended. of the breweries stand (stagger? snakes wonderfully, but then after I made it to the gate sooner than crawl?) I found a spot where I a dramatic pause he opened a rus Much later that evening I fell expected, thanks to hundreds of could nurse my lager and observe. ty paint tin and hooked out a spit through a heavy-duty turnstile, people in front of me who either A few feet from me stood a plat ting Cobra which was stoned out covered from head to toe in can went home', went mad or were teland family arguing ' furiously of its tiny reptilian head on Dulux dyfloss, toffee-apples stuck to my taken ,to hospital with sunstroke. amongst themselves. ) fumes. trousers ' and hundreds of hairy I was in foul humour by the time It was evident that klein Stoffel The meisies shrieked and gazed horsemen shouting inside my head. I made it through the gates, and my had been lost in the crowds, and adoringly at the brave conservator, I can't wait for next year. 'Doors of culture and learning open to all' . . ". housing it in art galleries, theatres, 'THE DOORS of culture and lear own culture. narrow prescriptivism and dogma. the established culture. It has been concert halls, universities and ning shall be open to all! ' It is the culture of Toi-Toi A time of renewal and change is said that culture is frequently used academies. So rings the'cry which heralds a dances at meetings, of freeddom essentially a time of contradiction. as a form of domination. That cultural rejuvenation all over South This culture is accessible to a select songs, of colourful uniforms and Such contradiction~, cannot be does, however, not mean that the Africa and Namibia, and em minority only, while most have to of rifles carved from wood. It is a washed over by rhetoric without entire tradition of a dominating phasised more recently at a cultural be content. with the trashy commer defiant art of outrage ' and thereby smothering the spirit of culture is ripe for the rubbish heap. forum presented by author Menan cialism churned out by the 'culture resistance to the status quo. creative questioning that ' Often culture is appropriated ,lOd industry'. du Plessis and activist poet Jeremy It is not an art of commodities characterises every on~going used in a certain manner. Cronin in Cape Town. Culture of resistance exists in with price-tags and entrance liberatory process. So in this way, what was once an Elitism and prestige are notions spite of the illusions provided by a qualifications, but is more people's Although historical' situations expression of resistant culture may commonly associate~d with culture. flood of photo-romance stories, art created by the people for the demand specific strategies. of be taken over and converted into The ruling classes attempt to con bad comics, mindless music and the. people. resistance, the culture of resistance a prestigious art form that is trol culture through State censor escapist dream. of luxury and . With the political struggle for can never stop being critical and available to only a select few. ship and through their 'Intellec adventure as portrayed in most liberation moving into a new phase, self-critical. The point is not to annihilate all tuals' and 'academics' who decide films. This culture is ruled by the we see a culture that publishes on Another important question rais great art, but to make a South ~hat is good and what is ' bad hunger for profits and it sets out the walls of the ghetto. Its poems ed for the new culture of combat Africa and a Namibia in which culture. to dull the awareness of the masses. are read at meetings and funerals centers around its attitude towards Shakespeare can be useful to all. Access to culture is controlled by But now people are making their ... it's images are emblazoned on banners and T-shirts:, Intermeshed with organisational growth, people's culture provides an Art of Combat. This insurgent culture lives in images evoked by orators and in the collective celebration of the struggle. It becomes the grass-roots culture where symbols provide in sights and interweave emotions with identity. Another dimension of recent cultural vitality is the production of many new plays, short stories, Quality food at reasonable prices novels, paintings and music. Draw BahnhofSt ,Tel. 226400 ing strongly from the 'street art', these works are produced by artists who are not affected by the GOOD LUCK, TO Western competetiveness and con tinually evaluate their work on a THE NA'MIBIAN purely personal level. Arti.sts often run the risk of get ting lost in individualistic fascina and best wish.es for the tions, or of unconsciously produc ing works which cater to the values future of the dominating culture. By" iew ing participation in the creating of directly popular culture as as part of their overall artistic activity, ah tists could prevent this happening. Such concrete allignment with the progressive movement could mean that the dramatist begins us ~~ ing theatre 7 for the teaching of literacy, that the novelist writes pamphlets, the poet inspires slogans and the visual artist designs ' OPENEV~ FREE DELIVERIES posters, banners and stickers. Man - Fri .09hOO - 17hOO At the same time, liberatory culture cannot be dictated to by sa Republic Road Tel. 225830 THE NAMIBIAN FRIDAY September 5 1986 21 A slightly better soapbox CROSSINGS Guest-starring Christopher based on the novel Plummer', with others in the cast by Danielle Steel including Cheryl Ladd, Lee W'arner Home Video Horsley, Jane Seymour, Joan Fon -: in three parts taine, Joanna Pacula and Horst Buchholz, the standard of acting is CROSSINGS is based on a novel. also better than in most best-sellers by the bestselling author, Danielle of its' kind. ' Steel, and is described as better The setting is the elegant era of than the average soapbox, and bet lUXury steamship travel, with two ter than the popular North and wealthy families who journey South series. through the world's capitals, as The cover of the best seller those in the centre of the saga. describes the film as 'a compelling The series shows how their lives story of adultery and espionage', are shattered by World War'II and and for many it may just make the intrigues. grade. Crossings is directed QY Karen Although 'compelling stories of Arthur ahdwill be a popular item adultery and espionage' are the on the video shelves, where the order :)f the day as far as best-seller preference appears to be fur the videos are concerned, this one is a more lengthy best-sellers than the mite better than most. usual one-hour movie. Judith Mason .Attwood THE ARTS Association will be presen Says the Arts Association of her ting an exhibition of graphic~, paintings work: 'The emotional impact of Judith and drawings by Judith Mason Att Mason's work is primarily a product of wood opening tomorrow (Saturday) at empathy, an intuitive response to 10hOO. She herself will conduct a tour qualities within the forms that have the of the exhibition. power to ,move the viewer. Her most The artist uses a wide variety of sub significant achievements have been jects, and works successfully with those in which she has succeeded in several techniques and mediums. In her translating profound emotions, insights paintings she also uses collage and ex and intuitions into such visually convin- tensive use of frottage. cing terms'. . RECO~DS (PTy) LTD ~ rnIi ~ . ~ Best wishes to Letters from Namibian THE NAMIBIAN· youth to Ronald Reagan Let My Country Go! Letters to Ronald Reagan Published by the Swapo Department of Information Luanda April 1986 THIS BOOKLET contains messages by young Namibians at the Swapo Health and Education Centre in Nyango, Zambia, to the US President, Ronald Reagan. The fo reword by Swapo's Education Secretary, Nahas Angula, said that we had recently visited the centre at Nyango, and in the course of discussions with \MRNER HOME VIDEO pupils, many questions came up regarding 435 and delays in its implementation. The pupils had asked him what they could do to tell the US to stop supporting apartheid South Africa, and resolved to write letters to the US President. The letters were written by children in the age group 8 to 15 years and express, according to Mr Anguta, 'the deep feeling of these displaced Namibian children' . 'We hope that this booklet will help to explain to the people of the United States the experiences of the Namibian people under the illegal occupation of apartheid 'South , Africa' . The booklet also contains photographs ofvariOlis demonstrations inside the country and other events. ~, 22 THE NAMIBIAN FRIDAY September 5 1986 t:JW SEPT 5 . Sept 11 A bit of a FRIDAY' 17h27 Prog. Schedule yawn for 17h30 Hand in Hand 17h3S Classic Cartoons 17hS8 Sport SWABC 18h47 Out of Step 19h30 Hoekie vir Eensames • 20hOO Suidwes Nuus viewers 20hlS Miami Vice THERE IS very little for TV 21hOl Empire (comedy) viewers to look forward to, and News/Weather Nuus/ Weer 21h2S many will be sad to see that the 21MS Die Vissers van Moorhiivd 22h09 The Villagers Vyfster series has come to an end. 22h32 Jazz Chorus This was a series enjoyed by most 22hS3 Dagsluiting viewers. The feature fi lm on Saturday ~ SATURDAY night is entitled The Children 17h27 Program rooster Nobody Wanted and stars Fred 17h10 Kompas Lehne and Michelle Pfeiffer. . 17h33 The Gummi Bears The film tells of Tom Butterfield 17hS6 Teletien , (Tom .Lehne) who, while working 18h26 Musiek at the Missouri State Hospital for 18h37 Vee bee A SCENE from Growing Pains, top, and MacGyver; bottom. 19h12 Gimsmoke (new series) the Epileptic and Feeble Minded ~ o 20hOO WKRP in Cincinnatti get extra college credit, observes an 20h24 Film: The Children Nobody orderly- hitting an elderly patient. wanted When Tom pushes the orderly 21hS4 Nuus/ Weer News(weather away from the old man, an argu 22h14 Gute Laune Mit Musik ment ensues which is broken up by 23hOO Alfred Hitchcock presents ... the appearance of Dr Watson 23h2S Epilogue (J erry Hardin), the hospital SUNDAY superintendent. Several weeks later Tom meets Jennifer (Michelle -t6h27 Progamrooster 16h30 The Wuzzles - Walt Disney Pfeiffer), a pretty blonde student 16hS3 Storybook International who is charmed by Tom. 17h17 Die Blye BO(ldskap Finally Tom discovers a frighten 17h37' The 700 Club ed little boy who really doesn't 18hOl Sonja belong in the institution, but who 18h44 Specialist (Quiz) is there because he is a ward of the 19h10 Promise in the Sky court and there is nowhere else to 19h38 Dr Jim Kildare keep the child. Tom finally takes 20hOO News Review/ Nuusoorsig over as a foster parent, and even 20hlS Skattejag 21h18 Another Life tually the muliplication of children 21hS8 News/ Weather Nuus/ Weer begins. Tom's attic begins to 22h18 By Still Waters overflow. . The popular programme Knight' MONDAY Rider starring David Hasselhof, 17h27 Prog. Schedule has resumed its place on the TV 17h30 Hand in Hand screen, to the· delight of many 17h3S Robotech youngsters (and a host of adults as 17hS9 Ein fall fui' TKKG (new) well). 18h24 Sport Growing Pains (following the 19h1l . Gesprek en Profiel 19h36 Growing Pains Cosby Show), continues, and in 20hOO Suidwes-Nuus Monday's screening, the suburban 20hlS Matt Houston Seaver family experience some 21h02 Cervantes growing pains when Maggie returns 21hSl News/ Weather Nuus/ Weer to work as a newspaper reporter 22hll . Selfbeeldinstandhouding after 15 years as- a housewife, and 22h2S Dagsluiting Jason, her husband, moves his TUESDAY psychiatric practice into the house so that he can be more involved 17h27 Programrooster with the raising of their three A new series Gunsmoke starts on nor's butler ... * . Macgyver is also a new series 17h30 Kompas 17h3S WielieWalie children. Saturday, and in the first of the A new fashion series, entitled which stars Richard Dean Ander 17hSS Langs die Pikkewyne The problem with this setup, series, on Matt Dillon, a young Video fashion starts on Thursday son, and is a series about a modern 18h20 Sport· Maggie feels, is that Jason truststhe drifter kidnaps Kitty and holds her and is a multi-fashion, high-impact day American hero, who has an 19h13 Vyfster II (final) children. captive in a ghost town to lure Doc magazine formal show which uncany ability to resolve a crisis in 20hOO South West News In this week's edition, Maggie Adams, Festus and Matt to the covers the most exciting and impor an extremely limited amount of 20hlS Falcon Crest (4th season) and Jason face the challenge of area. tant fashion trends from the major time. He uses both science and skill 21h02 Use or Ab'use? Drugs and parenthood when their daughier WKRP in Cincinatti this week capitals of the world. in unique and inventive ways. Alcohol in South Africa Carol tries to follow in mother's shows that a fire in the building can * Coming soon is a new series en * Following on the heels of Empire 21h18 Benson footsteps as a reporter and sons lead to ' disastrous results when titled Double Trouble, which is an Afrikaans series entitled Man 21h42 Nuus/ Weer News/ Weather . nheimsage, about a South African 22h02 Minding Media Mike and Ben start playing the Herb and Jennifer get stuck in the follows on Candid Camera and is 22h17 Epilogue horses. . elevator and the other staffers are also a comedy series which focuses woman returning from New York A new German series, entitled trapped on their floor. The staff on the importance of friendship in to Johannesburg for her WEDNESDAY Ein fall fUf TKKG (A mission for then launches a heroic team effort . the 1980s. inheritance. TKKG), tells the story of three to save Herb and' Jennifer, and 17h27 Prog. Schedule 17h30 Hand in Hand boys, Tim, Karl and Kid, and a girl learn firsthand about fire safety - 17h3S Sind bad Gaby, who form the clan of or the lack of it ... 17hS9 The Bubblies TKKG. In six separate adventures , In Falcon Crest this wee k, 18h04 Abakus they uncover thieves and criminals Angela realisesthat Frahcesca's 18h16 Gillette World Sport Special and help the police to arrest them. visit is more than just a social one 19h12 Knight Rider In this week's episode of Miami and is stunned when she hears 20hOO Suidwes Nuus Vice, Crockel and Tubbs' assign about Francesca's real identity. She 20h15 Centennial ment as hotel security turns out to also realises that- life at Falcon 21h07 Goeienag Boston be more than just a routine affair Crest will never be the same again, 21h32 Nuus/ Weer News/ Weather 21hS2 Police File when a drug-related hit leads to and announces Francesca's identi 22h07 The Villagers revel a side of Lieutenant Castillo ty at the Dubersi party ... 23h02 Dagsluiting they have never seen before. Benson following the series The final episode of Empire (a Golden Girls on Tuesday, stars THURSDAY comedy series which offers a pro Robert Guillame and James Noble. 17h27 Programrooster Ding look at a giant international In this comedy, Benson is personal 17h30 Kompas conglomerate and the intrigue and assistant to the widowed governor 17h33 He-Man and Masters of black humbur within the corporate Gatling, and is hired to help the Universe structure) shows that Cromwell's zany governor and his precocious 17hSS Pieriewieriepark (new) maxim that panic precipitates per daughter'Katie. He soons becomes 18h07 Sport formance is put to the rest. .This a stabilising influence in the 18h44 Videofashion (new) happens when Ben's hot-headed household and guides them 19h14 Die Waaghals father shows up on the eve of a through a variety of hilarious 20hOO South West News 20hlS Hotel presidential visit, to lead a union situations. 21h02 Die Schwarzwaldklinik protest. Security chief Daniels is in In this week's episode it's love at 21h4S Nuus/ Weer News/ Weather' his element making sure all is safe first sight, when ~enson meets the 22hOS Kom Kuier Saam Met ... for the president until crusty Lou lovely Francine, but the lady turns 22h20 Epilogue Christian threatens to blow up the out to be a senator with priorities plant unless .his terms are met. other than marriage to the gover- .THE NAMIBIAN FRIDAY September 5 1986 23 ':?f~K"* · ••10P •• 10:• • Wild cats and Although newcomers have grabb ed five of the seven top spots in the horror nights British pop singles charts, a virtual ly unknown group called the Com munards have rocketed to number one position after lying way back GOLDIE HAWN fans will be in 23rd. delighted to see that a new comedy The London-based group made it starring this great American com to pole position with their song edienne and actress, entitled 'Don't leave me this way'. . Wildcats, is being screened at the The Communards, consisting of Kine 300. Jimmy Somerville, former lead Wildcats also stars James Keach singer with the Bronski Beat, and Swoosie Kurtz, and is directed together with a female back-up by Michael Ritchie. band, displaced Boris Gardiner Goldie stars as Molly in the who had held the top slot for two movie, a high school teacher those weeks with 'I want to wake up with father was a legendary football you'. - coach. . Modern Talking went from II to Molly herself takes to the field 3 with 'Brother Louie', and Jer in Wildcats and tackles the main Stewart, Peter Cetera and 'system'. Frankie Goes To Hollywood also When an opportunity arises to entered the Top Ten with their new coach junior varsity football at hits. Prescott High, Molly puis in for This week's top 10 singles as the post. But she.is blindsided by listed by Melody Maker magazine an athletics director whose offen are as follows: sive line is that women. should be· I. Don't leave me this way - sweet, sexy and stay the hell out of Communards. the boys' locker rooms. 2. I want to wake up with you - When Molly persists, he reverses Boris Gardiner. his field. _ 3. Brother Louie - Modern There is a coaching vacancy at Talking. one school - Central High in the in 4. We don't have to - Jermain ner city. Academically, Central is Stewart. a disaster area, and crimewise, its 5. Human - Human League. a combat zone. But as a sports 6. Glory of love - Peter Cetera. dynasty, it has a perfect record. 7. Rage Hard - Frankie Goes to If Molly wants the job, it's hers. Hollywood. Every qualified coach In the state 8. So Macho - Sinitta. has turned it down. 9. The Lady in Red - Chris de From her first sight of the Burgh. ·school, Molly senses she is in trou 10. Ain't nothing going on but ble. Three stories of crumbling A SCENE from the film Fright Night. What do you do when a vampire moves in next door to you? the rent - Gwen Guthrie. brick, spray-painted in misspelled obscenities, are surrounded by a heavy chain Iin~ fence . The park- As Molly's former husband, Sophisticated television coverage of cho Corvalis. But he has. a hard time getting ing lot looks like a torture track for Frank (played by James Keach), the sport, he points out, had turn- He is devoted to his mother, his anyone to believe him. His mother 18-wheelers, and the Principal offers the kind of moral support ed millions of fans into armchair girlfriend Amy and his red thinks cocoa and a Valium may patrols the corridors, protected by that confirms her wisdom in divor- experts, quick to call attention to Mustang. Even his problems - help him sleep, and Amy is sure he a pair of Dobermanns. . cing him. With his new girlfriends a technical foul. Amy's virginity and algebra- are has been watching too many hore But it is in the locker room that attached to his arm like a tattoo, Goldie Hawn herself had foote nothing out of the ordinary for this ror movies. Other friends recom Molly realises the enormity of her he tries to talk - then trick - his ex- ball training for the film, and it 17-year-old. mend garlic and crucifixes and on challenge. Facing her in naked con- wife into joining the staff of a prim wasn't enough for her merely to As a matter of fact, the only ly his suave and sinister neighbour tempt . are 25 assorted toughs, suburban girls' school. The master the game - she also had to strange thing about Charley is that takes him seriously. united only by their losing spirit. Wildcats he claims, are a bad in- master the moves, call the plays he thinks a vampire has moved in Fright Night is a must for the The linebackers don't unders- f1uence on their own 'impres- and speak football lingo with the next door, and he's right. lover of horror movies. tand why they have to attend prac- sionable' daughters. ease and confidence of a lifetime. tice - they already know how to The Wildcats themselves are a Fright Night is being screened as beat up people. Playbooks remain mix of well-credentialed young ac- the second show at the Windhoek unread by the team members. tors and film rookies. Among them Drive In, and this film, which is as But Molly (with typical Goldie are Mykel T Williamson (Hill good as its title, stars Chris Saran- Hawn spirit) is undaunted. If she Street Blues), Woody Harrelson don, William Ragsdale, and a is half the man her father was, then (Cheers), and Emmet Walsh is the relatively unknown cast, with the KINE 300 TEL. 34155 she is· going to find some way to in- lawyer who steps in to protect Mol- possible exception of Roddy still pride, guts, discipline and a will Iy from a personal foul. McDowall. Fri & Sat: 14h30/18hOO/21hOO . to win in the woebegone Wildcats. Filmed in Chicago, the authen- Fright Night tells the story of Sun - Thurs: 14hh30117h30/20hOO Aggressiveness is no problem - they ticity of the football action was Charley Brewster who is a normal · WILDCATS: (No persons 2-18) Goldie Hawn - comedy! already have more than they need. crucial to director Michael Ritchie. teenager living in the town of Ran- Saturday: 10hOO ~--~------~----~------~ SUPERGIRL Congratulations WINDHOEK DRIVE-IN TEL. 51700 to The Namibian 19hOO: - PORKY'S: (2-18) sex comedy starring Dan Monahan. on their 1st PLUS FRIGHT NIGHT: (2-14) a vampire movie starring Chris anniversary Sarandon. starting tJm~s: 2.30 and 8.30 2 films a day CINEMA ) enr. Tal & John Meinert Sirs. TEL: 222275 SHOWING THIS WEEK * HAIR: star-studded * PERSONAL BEST: Athletic musical. drama. 24 THE NAMIBIAN FRIDAY September 5 1986 Preventing . dangerous diseases english. Immunisation PREPOSITIONS WHEN THE human body is attack cines). Because the 'organisms in a they ca!Jse no ~arm. The live vac- ed by germs we get ill, become vaccine are weak or dead ' they . 'cines are: feverish and if not cared for, we cause no harm. When we give a BeG (TB vaccine) PREPOSITIONS are words like to, from, with, can even die from the disease. child a. vaccine, he make~ . an- Polio vaccine in, etc. Although they are used in other Ways There are however, certain things . fibodies against the dead or Measles vaccine as well ; their most common use is after a verb we can do to prevent an in harmless organisms of the vaccine. The organisms in these live vac . and before a npun . Used like this, we can say dividual from getting certain He.has no symptoms or only mild cines infect a child, grow in him and that they show the relationship between one dangerous diseases. symptoms such as a mild fever. The cause him to make antibodies thing and another. Some examples may make There are a number of diseases antibodies which he makes can against them. , this clearer:, which are preventable. Some of ,fight the harmful organisms of that Dead vaccines contain dead them are: disease and so prevent him becom organisms or toxoids. Toxoids are . The newspaper is on the table . * whooping cough ing ill. When disease makes a child harmless substances which are My suitcase is under the table * tetanus (lockjaw) immune he has a natural active im made from toxins (poisons) of ' . * diptheria munity, when we give him a vac bacteria (germs). The vaccine · The prepositions on and under have been us * polio cine to make him immune he has an against whooping cough contains ed to show the relative positions of different * tubercolosis artificial active irTImunity. dead bacteria. VacCines against things. All sorts of relationships can be shown * 'measles Active imm\Jnity is the best kind, diptheria and tetanus contain tox by prepositions. For example, from can· be us If a child is given protection ,but a child does not become im oids. These dead bacteria and tox ed to showdirection, but it can also be used against these diseases we say he mune until two weeks or more after oids are mixed together to m~ke 'to show origin. had acquired immunity. When a we give him a vaccine. He may DPT vaccine. DPT is a vaccine child has a disease like measles his need immunity much sooner than against all three of these diseases'. The enemy' attacked from the south Direction body makes antibodies against the this, if necessary we can make him Parents should take their children This cloth comes from Poland Origin disease. Antibodies 'fight' the immune immediately. We can give to the nearest clinic or to their , organisms that cause disease. ' him antibodies from another person private doctor for , immunisation Learners of English as a second language Each disease has a different kind or from an animal. against the diseases talked about have to learn what prepositions go with what of antibody, for example, measles When we give a child antibodies above. The programme should be words. For example, we can say 'He was rude antibodies fight the measles virus we give him passive immunity. as follows: . . to me', but we can't say 'He was rude with while it would not fight tetanus. There are two kinds of passive im * BCG - at birth and again at 3 and me'. The verb 'rude' can be joir')ed to the When a child has had a disease, he munity. A child's mother can give 18 months; preposition 'to' but not with ·the preposition is therefore immune to that disease. him a natural passive immunity * Diptheria/Tetanus/Whooping ' 'with'. This week's Basic English gives a list When a child makes his own an while he is in her uterus. We can cough/Polio - 3 months; 5 months; of some words with' the prepositions that can tibodies he has an active immuni then give a child artificial passive 7 months; 18 months; follow them. ty. There are two ways of acquiring immunity. We can inject antibodies * Measles - 9 months; active immunity namely - one - hav into him. * Diptheria/Tetanus/Polio- 5 ing had the disease, or - two - we years. PREPOSITION EXAMPLE can give him a vaccine. VACCINES: We grow the harmful organisms Live and dead vaccines: Live vac- in a factory and kill them (dead vac- cines contain live organisms but we NEXT WEEK we will talk about afraid of afraid ofthe dark cine?) or make them weak (live vac- make these organisms so weak that nutrition. (NOT afraid by the dark) ~,;,,;;.;;;~---.,,;;,,;,....;..;.------...;------..;..------,..-t agree with agree with somebody agree about agree about the cause of an accident arrive at ·arrive at a town/decision arrive in arrive in a country (NOT arrive to a place) b~lieve in believe in life after death divide into divide into equal parts (NOT divide in equal parts) dream of/about dream about flyirig insist on insist on helping someone (NOT insist to helping someone) interested in she is interested in Botany (NOT interested with botany) kind to he is kind to animals (NOT .kind with animals) look for they are looking for trouble look at don't look at the sun look after she looks after her baby pay for . pay for a pair of shoes polite to be polite to someone (NOT polite with someone) good at good at mathematics/soccer (NOT good in mathematiCS) laugh at laugh at a joke nice to be nice to someone nice with peaches are nice with cream proof of proof of having paid (NOT proof for having paid) reason for the reason for the crash (NOT the reason of the crash) responsible for be responsible for an accident shocked at/by be shocked by the waste of money shout at shout at someone you are cross with shout to shout to someone who is far away sorry about be sorry about something-tliat isn't your fau lt . . SOrry for be sorry for something you have done · suffer from suffer from an incurable disease . take part in take part in sport (NOT take part at sport) throw at throw a stone at someone in anger throw to throw a ball 'to someone in your team . wrong with what is wrong with you? smile at to smile at someone you want to know better , This list is far from complete, but it should give you some idea of how using different preposi: . tions cari completely change the meaning of wh~t you say. THE NAMIBiAN FRII~AY September 5 1986 25 Jesse Owens' Secure your home with locks and keys from GORELICKS - keys made while you wait. legend lives 119, Kaiser St. Tel. 37700 FOR ALL gearbox and FOR all shockabsorbers automatic transmission repairs LONG-FORGOTTEN pictures of a A secondary aim, however, was and installations: jubilant Adolf Hitler greeting. proud . demonstrate on the sports field the and now Differentials as well! CLUTCH '& BRAKE SUPPLIES German medal-winners have flickered athletic supremacy of.the Germans, an For advice and quotations WANTED through the West German media in re indirect proof of Hitler's 'master race' contact: HELMAR or PIERRE (SWA)(PTY) LTD., cent weeks as the country recalls the theories which put the blond, blue-eyed at Fridges, freezers Tel: 24541 1936 ' Nazi Olympics' with a mixture of 'Aryans' at the top of the racial AUTOMATIC * pride and horror. pyramid. TRANSMISSION CENTRE * Water coolers . Commentators have recalled with a There the Nazis had only partial suc (PTY) LTD. Tel. 27104 and tel. * Bottle coolers shudder the way the Nazis hijacked the· cess. Germany emerged overall victor 24541. CBS Premises, Snyman (Working order or not) ' Berlin Games to transform them into of the Games with 33 gold medals, well Circle. a vast propaganda show designed to im ahead of the second-placed United Telephone: 222523 . press the world with German might and States. Mothers and delude it about the true nature of But the distinctly un-aryan Owens, mothers-to-be! Hitler's regime. undeterred by a hostile crowd, made the But there is obvious pride in the con Berlin Olympics his own with a series THE PROFESSIONALS We have a great selection of ENKE FOR ALL MaroR CAR viction that sport ulitimately triumph of breathtaking perform;mces in which SERVICES AND prams, carry-cots, feeding ed over the machinations of the Nazis, he defeated the cream of Germany's REPAIRS chairs; baby camp cots, high a victory symbolised by the four gold sprinters and its hope for the long *********** chairs etc. medals which went to the undisputed jump, Lui Long. Your office equipment star of the event, black US athlete Jesse Hitler's refusal to ask Owens to his specialist offers you See us today at Owens. box was seen outside Germany as a GORELICKS Despite initial unease among some crude snub and poor sportmanship and Home Computers Kaiser Street Tel: 37700 officials; the national Olympic Commit it became one of the lasting symbols of with tee has also gone ahead with a reunion the Berlin Games. of some 75 surviving medal-winners Some historians now' argue that Logo Language Training from the 1936 German team who will . Hitler may actually hav€; been respon only R499,OO . tour the Berlin Stadium and other ding to angry protests from Olympic of Tel: 37420 8tObei 8t IN THE SUPREME COURT Games sites. ficials over his earlier invitations to ger OF SOUTH WEST AFRICA Hitler's Games have gone down in man victors, which were seen as a viola WINDHOEK In the matter between . history as the most blatant misuse of the tion of Games protocol. Olympics ever. Although recalled with distaste by FASHIONETTE FOOTWEAR P/LExecution Creditor Upholstery Services SILK SCREEN PRINTERS and MR ANDREAS JOHANNES Va KUTHILAN- ' Furniture Dept DJEKO SUPERMARKETExecution Debtor Lazarette 8tr 28, Tel: 36196 ~ IN EXECUTION of JUDGEMENT of the Supreme Court, WINDHOEK, given on 2nd * We offer a variety ' of high August 1985, a Judicial Sale by PUBLIC quality second-hand furniture! ~ AUCTION will be held on 30TH * We buy and sell furniture and setect SEPTEMBER 1986 at the premises of Photography; Bus. Cards KUTHILANDJEKO SUPERMARKET, pay .cash! OSHAKATI , at 10hOO, of the following : * We deliver free of charge and S&g"',wrtttltg offer a speedy, efficient service. Hot Foil Printing 1 Mercedes Benz 350 SE SBA 200 1 BMW 733 i SBA 5633 * We sell your furniture from our [o,yout & Desto", Sandblasting CONDITIONS OF SALE: T 1. The sale will be held without reserve and ftOO~~L 2254: 5634- the goods will be sold to the highest bidder. ox, e 22 2. The goods will be sold 'voetstoots'. B p;",off! . 3. Payment shall be made in cash or by J.n I Jonker Bank Guaranteed Cheque . Dated at WINDHOEK on this the 18th day of AUGUST 1986. . ~r- RICOMA JOINERY . Attorneys for 'Execution Creditor Make your furniture problem oursl for built-in cupboards. clo Lorentz and Bone Contact Gert van Taak for service. Tel: 34250/1 Standard Bank Chambers Kaiser Street WINDHOEK Ref: H Ruppelfcg BLOOM COUNTY by Berke Breathed ~------~~ MIW, rtf{ 7JlKf1K? 1lI/S t!f fI5UK-IMY 10« IWP If()tft 155Ift (Jf X/?IIItfMp (. M pevaMIJ 1J£ Pl6H I15R 'TlrIW$M~/{, ~ ANP ~CHAN#a.S ~y 7rJ /~!?CePT CIW I/CT7J'ItlY TIll Dhe.ngela ko: Fred Fobian & Co POBox 526 Windhoek Congratulates' 155 Kaiser Street The:Namibian Telephone: 224295 ....-- ...... o . n .Jh.~ir _irst a.n. ~ivers~ry, .-. ,-, ~-... THE NAMIBIAN FRIDAY September 5 1~86 27 Santam team weakene fo, "t-he ". final crunch - THE SWA " rugby XV go into " to place the Santam Trophy on of gaining promotion to "tbe A tomorrow's San tam Trophy B sec their sh~lves " will be as important to section. tion Currie Cup final against Natal the Banana Boys. at Kingsmead-without their captain Since gaining promotion to the The teams for tomorrow are; and most recognised player, Andre B section of the Currie Cup at the SWA: Andre Stoop, Eden Meyer, Markgraaff who has contracted end of 1984, Natal and SWA have Wim Lotter: Danie van der Merwe, jaundice. been locked in a battle for Gerhard Mans, Donny Southey, In his absence, the captaincy has supremacy in the sectio!}. Leon Stoop, Francois de Kock , been given to former captain, Last year it was SW A who reign Wally Bredenhann (captain), Chris hooker Wally Bredenhann while ed supreme, thanks ·Iargely to a Senekal, Piet Nel, Sarel du Toit, flanker Sarel du Toit has ·been drop goal in the dying moments by Nartjies Nortje, Willem Maritz and moved to lock to partner Nartjies former winger Doug Jefferey Sarel Losper. The reserves are Arra Nortje" Piet Nel has been recalled which allowed SW A to win their van der Merwe, Patrys Swanepoel, on the hank to form the loose-trio Kingsmead clash 13 - 12. Shaun McCu"Ily and Herman with Willem Maritz and Sarel Without writing SW A off, it Davin. Losper. seems unlikely that they will be able Natal: Hugh Reece-Edwards Otherwise, the team for tomor to repeat that success tomorrow (captain), Des McClean, Alan r"ow shows no changes to that especially since they will be without Faber, Ronnie Haarhoff, Tony which last Saturday disappointing their main ball getter in the line Watson, Henry Coxwell , Craig ly lost 12 - 14 to Western Transvaal outs, Andre Markgraaff. Jameson, Bruce White, ob Hankin in Potchefstroom" However, if Natal follow the son, Guy Reynolds, Graham Although the team can be same game plan they did in Win Hefer, Andre Botha, Alan Heuer, . forgiven for losing the match, con dhoek two weeks and the SW A Steyn Swart and Deon du Toit. CHRIS SENEKAL - bowing out after 103 matches. sidering that the end result would backs again run with the fire they have made no difference-to SW A did, Natal could be in for their se playing in the final , their mental _cond shock of the season. preparation and desire to win in not Meanwhile Natal are of the opi Senekal what it should be for tomorrow's nion that tomorrow's match should match. be called off. Natal did not take the 27 - 18 Natal are the outright winners of withdraws defeat at the hands on SW A two the B Section and the extra match ONE OF the most capped players in the weeks ago very lightly and they will will hinder their chances of mak team, front-row forward Chris Senekal, be especially dangerous at ing an impact in the Currie Cup. late this week was forced to withdraw Kingsmead where they will be keen from the team, on medical advice. to show their fans that the Win Already they are without their Senekal last week withdrew from the dhoek thrashing was only a flash match-winner and winger Cliffie side to play Western Transvaal after in the pan. Brown who was injured against . complaining of headache ~ after a train As the winners of the B section Eastern Transvaal last Saturday ing session. of the Currie Cup, Natal have and loose-head prop Nic Veldsman Senekal has been a regular in the na already secured a play-off against tional side for several years in which who sustained a head injury in the time he was capped more than a hun Northern OFS for a place in the A same match. Any further injuries dred times, a feat equalled by only two section of the competition and are against SW A tomorrow will fur other players. His replacement for through to the semifinal proper but ther hamper their chances of tomorrow's match is Manie Grobler of "a victory against SWA for the right reaching the Currie Cup final and United. AFTER THE RECENT victories of Namibia in the Impala Tourna ment in Johannesburg, striker Frans 'Foresta' Nicodemus of Tigers has become a household name among soccer lovers in Namibia. " His five goals in the tournament so far and his ability to create chances in front of goal led to enquiries from several Johannesburg based scouts about his future including Jomo Sono of Jomo Cosmos. Twenty-one year old Foresta's soccer career started in the late seven ties with Sorendo Bucs FC of Windhoek where he proved to be a ver satile player. He later switched over to Hungry Lions and while with Lions he caught the attention of the selectors in 1982 and was chosen to represent the Namibian Junior XI against Western Province. Last year he joined one of the traditional 'top four', Tigers and soon after he was selected club captain. His amicable disposition on the field and concern for his players has endeared him to the club as a whole and Foresta does not see himself ever leaving the club, despite the possibility of a lucrative of WILlaYl JEEP fer from South Africa. LAND ROVER Foresta rates Salatiehl 'Stimela' Ndjao of Orlando Pirates and LANDCRUISEJt- Albert Tjihero of African Stars as the finest players in Namibia while llAlfGE ItOYER internationally he chooses the great Diego Maradonna of Argentina. Apart from Tiger~, his favourite clubs in Namibia are Orlando AVAILABLE AT: Pirates and Black Africa. Internationally, he supports Manchester United. " The highlight of his caree1 came last year whe., Tigers won the in augural NNSL league when For~sta "was the top goalscorer in the team. Foresta's biggest ambiti'On is to become a coach at club level once GEAR .ENGINEERING his playing days are over;. ,·:., " 41 :Ediso,, ' Street Tel. 37244 His other interests apart fro in soccer ·are tennis and athletics. ..,', ...... - .. - .. ~;- ~ 28 THE NAMIBIAN FRIDAY September 5 1986 Foresta and Martin ready to Tigers without Stars FIVE NNSL league matches are to take squad in view of the crucial league mat spike Western Transvaal place over the weekend with two ches but a club spokesman Mr.Tommy double-headers scheduled for the Akwenye said this week that as playing THE NAMIBIAN national soccer XI Natal 8 - 2. tos Hipondoka, the skipper of the team. Katutura Stadium in Windhoek. in the Impala final at Ellis Park would leaves for Johannesburg this evening for The team also has the two leading He too has bee.n granted permission to represent the highlight of Foresta's the fi nal of the Impala Tournament goalscorers of the tourrlament. playas th.ls ~11I , probably be, th~ last Chelsey and Benfica from the North career and because it would probably against Western Transvaal at Ellis Park Ramblers' Joseph Martin. has netted lO.ter-pro'1lOclal the veteran mldflelder visit the capital to play against Hungry be Mentos' last outing for the national at Ipm tomorrow. eight goals so far while Foresta Will play·. , Lions and Tigers respectively while the team as captain, the cl ub had decided J After scoring eighteen goals in their Nicodemus of Tigers has been on target Players from Blue Waters and Eleven two Walvis bay clubs, Blue Waters and to grant permission to the two players first three matches, the Namibian XI five times. Arrows as well as players from the two Eleven Arrows meet at the Sparta field to miss the league matches. 1 are the overwhelming favourites to win Their opponents tomorrow Western teams 10 the ?orth were not considered on Sunday at 4pm. Tigers are presently second in the ~ the tournament for the second year in Transvaal are unknown to the Naml- for selectIOn due to league At the Katutura Stadium on Satur league and must gain points from their succession. bians. In their se mi~final, the Tvl side committments. , day, Hungry Lions play Chelsey at two matches this weekend if they are to So far in the tournament, Namibia defeated the OFS 6 - 4 which indiCates The team is: Asaria Kauami (African 2.30pm and at 4pm Tigers meet ben fica. keep pace with leaders Black Africa and has dealt out hidings to Southern they have reasonable strikers but a Stars), Peter Schweitzer (Ramblers), On Sunday, the matches in Katutura third placed Blue Waters. 11.' Transvaal 8 - 0, Western Cape 2 - 0 and suspect defence:;. George Gariseb (African Stars), Men- are reversed with Hungry Lions play The two northern clubs are well plac With Nicodemus, Martin and tos Hipondoka (Tigers - captain), Capes ing against Benfica at 2.30pm and ed in the league, having played the least Frankie Fredericks lethal in front of Nel (Young Ones), Lance Willemse Tigers vs Chelsey at 4pm. matches in the league. Namibians goal, the chances are that Namibia will (Young Ones), Dawid Snewe (Black Tigers Fe, who last weekend relin Chelsey after only eleven matches are j record another run-away victory. Africa), Brian Greeves (Orlando quished their position at the top of the placed fourth behind Waters withl 14 are under Earlier this week, there was uncer- ' Pirates), Alfred Tjazuko (African NNSL log, this weekend will be without points while Benfica after ten matches tainty whether Nico~emus would be Stars), Joseph Martin (Ramblers), two of their key players. are in seventh position with ten points. available due to Tigers having two Frankie Fredericks (Black Africa), Striker Foresta Nicodemus and mid The log leaders BA have played 13 mat the spotlight league fixtures against Chelsey and Ben- Foresta Nicodemus (Tigers) and fi elder, and skipper mentos Hipondoka ches and other teams in the league have fica. However, the Tigers executive Sedekia Aucamp (Orlando'Pirates). The will be travelling to Johannesburg for already played 14 matches. REPORTS FROM Johannesburg in decided that it would not deny the manager of the team is Mr Ben Naobeb the Impala final at Ellis Park Maximum points from the two mat dicate that Namibia are the overwhelm young striker the greatest moment in his and the coach is Mr Oscar Mengo. The tomorrow ~ , . ches this weekend would put both the ing favourites to lift the Impala Trophy career to date. president of Nasa, Mr Justus Goseb will The club was given the option of northern sides well up with the front at Ellis park in Johannesburg The same doubt existed about Men- also accompany the team. withdrawing their two players from the runners in the league. tomorrow. South African newspapers and scouts alike have been paying much attention to the Namibian team and its' players and although no confirmation could be obtained, it seems certain that some of the local players wi ll again be approached. Among those are Frankie Fredericks of Black Africa, Foresta Nicodemus of Tigers and Dawid Snewe, also of Black Africa. . The one factor that could count against the Namibian XI against Western Transvaal in over confidence and complacency after their three run away victories in the tournament so far'. Apart from their 6 - 4 win against the OFS, not much is known about the' Westerns side. Their team is: Touch Seraya, Simon Mokgadi, Barney Modise, Tsietsi Oliphant, Boas Tladi, Jones Molefa, Lele Tsotetsi, Zero Mutaung, John Mokwana, Botsotso Tau and Lazarus Rankganyane. The reserves are Joubert Raphukeng, Elia Moloufane and Joseph Jande. Woestyn Triumph NAMIB WOESTYN last weekend lifted the R2 000 first prize in the Westerns Tournament held at the Kuisebmond Stadium after defeating United Stars 4 -0 in the final. The initial prize money of R5000 was reduced to R3 500 after only ten teams entered the tournament. Runners-up Stars received RIOOO while the two beaten semi-finalists Celtic and African Warriors each received R250. The full scores in the tournament were: United Stars 4 - Atlantic Chiefs 0, Explorer Eleven 4 - Young Stars 0, African Warriors 3 - Super Stars 2, Celtic 4 .- Sporting Stars 1, Namib Woestyn 2 - Rundu Chiefs 1, United Stars 2 - Blue Boys 0, African Warriors 2 - Explorer Eleven 1, Namib Woestyn 2 - Celtic 1 and United Stars 2 - African Warriors 1. J and B GoldCup THE ANNUAL J & B Gold Cup golf tournament gets underway at the Win- _ dhoek Country Club tomorrow morn ing with more thall 110 golfers vying for a wealth of prizes. The tournament starts at 7.30am with the men playing 36 holes on Saturday and the ladies 18. The men complete the 54 hole stroke play starting at 8am on Sunday while the women again play over 18 holes to ake up a total of 36. The J & B Gold Cup has become one of the major tournaments in recent years and this year has again attracted most of the big names. Among the men, 1985 winner Leon Evans, Adri Basson, Rory Wolhuter J and Johan Oosthuizen are among the favourites to win the prestige event while the in womens' section Daphne Howard and newcomer Tia VoslQo are expected to battle it out. The tournament ends at Ipm on Sun day with the prize-giving to be held at 2.3Opm at the Windhoek Country Club.