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NEE 2015 5 Final.Pdf ADVERTISEMENT NEW EASTERN EUROPE IS A COLLABORATIVE PROJECT BETWEEN THREE POLISH PARTNERS The City of Gdańsk www.gdansk.pl A city with over a thousand years of history, Gdańsk has been a melting pot of cultures and ethnic groups. The air of tolerance and wealth built on trade has enabled culture, science, and the Arts to flourish in the city for centuries. Today, Gdańsk remains a key meeting place and major tourist attraction in Poland. While the city boasts historic sites of enchanting beauty, it also has a major historic and social importance. In addition to its 1000-year history, the city is the place where the Second World War broke out as well as the birthplace of Solidarność, the Solidarity movement, which led to the fall of Communism in Central and Eastern Europe. The European Solidarity Centre www.ecs.gda.pl The European Solidarity Centre is a multifunctional institution combining scientific, cultural and educational activities with a modern museum and archive, which documents freedom movements in the modern history of Poland and Europe. The Centre was established in Gdańsk on November 8th 2007. Its new building was opened in 2014 on the anniversary of the August Accords signed in Gdańsk between the worker’s union “Solidarność” and communist authorities in 1980. The Centre is meant to be an agora, a space for people and ideas that build and develop a civic society, a meeting place for people who hold the world’s future dear. The mission of the Centre is to commemorate, maintain and popularise the heritage and message of the Solidarity movement and the anti-communist democratic op- position in Poland and throughout the world. Through its activities the Centre wants to inspire new cultural, civic, trade union, local government, national and European initiatives with a uni- versal dimension. The Jan Nowak-Jeziorański College of Eastern Europe www.kew.org.pl The College of Eastern Europe is a non-profit, non-governmental founda- tion founded on February 9th 2001 by Jan Nowak-Jeziorański, a former head of the Polish section of Radio Free Europe and a democratic activist. The foundation deals with cooperation between the nations of Central and Eastern Europe. The aims if its charters are to carry out educational, cultural and publish- ing activities, and to develop programmes which enhance the transformation in the countries of Eastern Europe. The organisation has its headquarters in Wrocław, Poland, a city in western Poland, perfectly situated in the centre of Europe and with a deep understanding of both West- ern and Eastern Europe. Dear Reader, It has been over 18 months since Russia’s illegal annexation of Crimea and the start of the conflict in Ukraine’s east. Despite efforts by the international community, namely the OSCE, to enforce a ceasefire brokered in February 2015 in Minsk, it seems that there is no letting up in the battle between Ukrainian forces and Russian- supported separatists. As we have discussed on the pages of this magazine previ- ously, this conflict is as much about Russian influence in the region as it is about the future of Europe; and is rife with geopolitics. Yet, this situation calls us to once again dig deeper and ask the question: how can such a state of affairs be possible? Two neighbours on the continent of Europe with close history, relations and culture are now unofficially at war with each other. And the disinformation campaign launched by Russian propagandists is tirelessly working to divide Europe. That is why this issue focuses on two key concepts: con- flict and reconciliation. First, we explore this notion of conflict with input by Judy Dempsey and her take on Europe’s Russia strategy. She is followed by a survey of seven experts from the region and the world who describe their understanding of the conflict’s global impact. Second, we wonder if it is not too early to start talking about reconciliation by exploring this concept’s many European variations and bluntly ask if reconciliation between Russia and Ukraine is possible. Our authors, Mykhailo Cherenkov (Ukraine) and Oleg Kozlovsky (Russia), agree that while reconciliation is possible, it does not mean returning to the status quo ante. It requires a change. We also provide a special section on the life and inspiration of Tadeusz Kantor, a Polish artist and theatre director who this year is being honoured worldwide on the 100th anniversary of his birth. Lastly, we want to thank all of our readers and supporters who not only purchase and read the magazine, but took one step further and donated to support our non- profit publication. It humbles us to know so many of you are as passionate about the issues as we are. We are continuing to accept donations to help offset our budget cuts this year. To learn more please visit: http://www.neweasterneurope.eu/donate. The Editors Contents Opinion & Analysis 7 How to Avoid Europe’s Disintegration 37 A Regional War that may Turn Global Ivan Krastev Jelena Milić There is a new trend that is developing in Europe – a rebellion against the elite. In my 39 Common but Differentiated Concerns view, this rebellion represents the biggest Ippeita Nishida challenge that Europe faces today. 45 Reconciliation: Europe’s impossible 13 Farewell, Europe and necessary task Lyudmila Ulitskaya Stefan Auer I am not involved in politics, but I say what I think when asked. It is for this reason that 53 Can we ever be Brothers Again? I have been identified as an element of the Oleg Kozlovsky “fifth column” in Russia. I am accused of hating my country, but I have no hatred in myself, just shame and helplessness. 61 Reconciliation Begins at Home A conversation with Mykhailo Cherenkov 19 DOUBLETAKE: Does Russia divide Europe? 68 Diplomacy of Pastoral Letters Judy Dempsey Paweł Kowal Because of its inability to influence real change in Russia, both Germany and its European 78 Why Peaceful Conflict partners need to think long and hard about Resolution Matters what kind of security strategy they need for Ketevan Tsikhelashvili and with Russia. This is also something that NATO yet needs to consider, and which the 89 Why Crimea is still Legally EU can no longer continue to ignore. a Part of Ukraine Przemysław Roguski How Global is the Ukrainian Conflict? Part of the challenge in forming a clear and coherent European policy response to Russia’s 26 Russia is not our “Frenemy” actions towards Ukraine are the differences Iulian Fota in public perception among the EU member states of what exactly happened in Ukraine. 28 In the Network Age, the Real International law, however, provides an Battle for Ukraine is Global unequivocal answer to the question of how to John Kornblum assess and understand the current status of Crimea, setting a legal framework under which a policy towards Russia should operate. 30 Divide and Conquer Robert Kupiecki 98 The Eastern Partnership’s Swan Song 32 Towards a #UkraineDeal? Adam Balcer Dominik P. Jankowski The Eastern Partnership (EaP) summit in Riga in May 2015 can be regarded as the beginning 35 There is still much Work to be Done of the end of the EaP. Its conclusions showed Merle Maigre that the EU has lost touch with reality. 106 Searching for a New Narrative 164 Of Mannequins and Men Vít Dostál Anna Kaszuba-Dębska 112 Same Old Song and Dance? 170 The Provincial Universality Anna Maria Dyner of Kantor’s Art At first glance, the presidential election in Krzysztof Miklaszewski Belarus is of very little interest to the wider public. There is only one serious candidate and 181 Two Masters from Galicia it is nearly impossible to imagine that Alyaksandr Edyta Gajewska Lukashenka will not be sworn in for another term. Nonetheless, given the current situation in Eastern Europe, it is worth taking a closer look Books & Reviews at the current developments in Belarus. Is this state really as unimportant and unproblematic as it may seem to some in the West? 186 An Evolution of Genocide Adam Balcer 119 Ukraine’s Decentralisation: On Thomas de Waal’s Great Catastrophe: So close, yet so far away Armenians and Turks in the shadow of genocide Shane Quinn and Ludmila Ceban 188 To and For Europe Tomasz Lachowski Interviews On Serhii Plohky’s The Gates of Europe. A History of Ukraine 127 Some Countries Envy our Energy Independence 190 Belarusian National Identity: A conversation with Rokas Masiulis A short story Paweł Markiewicz On Per Anders Rudling’s The Rise and Fall Reports of Belarusian Nationalism 1906 – 1931 134 The Mountain Lama – 193 A Pragmatic Alliance A tale of a theocratic utopia Dmitry Shlapentokh Albert Jawłowski On David Motadel’s Islam and Nazi Germany’s War History & Memory 195 Rediscovering the Value of a National and Religious Identity 142 The Problem with Memory Maryana Hnyp Kinga Gajda and Monika Eriksen On Joshua T. Searle and Mykhailo Cherenkov’s A Future and a Hope: Tadeusz Kantor. Inspiration and legacy Mission, Theological Education, and the Transformation of Post-Soviet Society 153 A Bizarre Kind of Loyalty 198 Divisions à la North A conversation with Dorota Krakowska Tomasz Otocki On Magdalena Solska’s The System 158 A Bridge to Understanding Crisis of Communism and Development Kantor’s Theatre of Party System in Estonia, Latvia, Anna Królica Lithuania from 1988 to 2011 Content with the notation (CC) is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. All attempts are made to give proper and appropriate EDITOR AND PUBLISHER attribution to the author and source. The Jan Nowak-Jeziorański College of Eastern Europe in Wrocław New Eastern Europe is co-financed by the Polish [email protected], www.kew.org.pl Ministry of Foreign Affairs within the grant programme “Eastern Dimension of Polish Foreign Policy 2015”.
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