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Sustainable Cannabis Aquaponics Production in Uruguay

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Sustainable Cannabis Aquaponics Production in Uruguay Sustainable Cannabis Aquaponics Production in Uruguay by Guillermo Federico FERIA DOMÍNGUEZ Bachelor of Business Management Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Sustainability Sustainable Regional Development Deakin University November, 2019 Sustainable Cannabis Aquaponics Production in Uruguay Guillermo Federico FERIA DOMÍNGUEZ ID: 217635075 Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Master of Sustainability Specialization: Sustainable Regional Development FOR: 70108 (60%); 140209 (20%); 0704 (20%); 0703 (10%) SEO: 8298 (50%); 8398 (20%); 8301 (20%); 8203 (10%) Supervisors: Victor Sposito and Robert Faggian Ignacio Bartesaghi Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment School of Business and Economics Centre for Regional and Rural Futures (CeRRF) Catholic University of Uruguay Deakin University Table of contents Table of contents ............................................................................................................................... 1 Candidate Declaration........................................................................................................................ 5 Access to Thesis ................................................................................................................................. 6 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................ 7 List of Tables ....................................................................................................................................... 8 List of Figures ..................................................................................................................................... 9 Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................... 11 Glossary ............................................................................................................................................ 12 Relevant Definitions and Concepts .................................................................................................. 15 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 16 1.1 Cannabis ........................................................................................................................... 16 1.2 Aquaponics ....................................................................................................................... 17 1.3 Literature Review ............................................................................................................. 19 1.3.1 Cannabis ................................................................................................................... 19 1.3.2 Aquaponics = Aquaculture + Hydroponics ............................................................... 22 1.3.3 Conclusions .............................................................................................................. 29 1.4 Background ...................................................................................................................... 30 Research Aim............................................................................................................................ 30 Specific Objectives ................................................................................................................... 31 1.5 Research Methodology .................................................................................................... 37 1.5.1 Field Research and Practice ..................................................................................... 37 1.5.2 Scientific Research Papers........................................................................................ 38 1.5.3 Specialized Newspapers, Daily News and Other Sources ........................................ 39 1.5.4 Quantitative Analysis; Economic and Financial tools ............................................... 39 2. Current Situation ...................................................................................................................... 40 2.1 Current National, Regional and International Situation with Cannabis ........................... 40 2.1.1 Current National Situation ....................................................................................... 40 2.1.2 Current Regional and International Situation .......................................................... 49 2.2 Current National and International Situation with Aquaculture ..................................... 55 2.3 Current National Situation with Hydroponics .................................................................. 60 2.4 Current National and Regional Situation with Aquaponics ............................................. 61 2.5 Current Situation: Conclusions ......................................................................................... 61 Page 1 2.6 Regulatory Framework ..................................................................................................... 62 2.6.1 Law 19,172: “Cannabis Law” (2013) ........................................................................ 62 2.6.2 Decree 120/2014 (Law 19,172) ................................................................................ 62 2.6.3 Decree 372/2014 (Industrial non-psychoactive cannabis) ...................................... 62 2.6.4 Decree 46/2015 (Medicinal cannabis) ..................................................................... 62 2.6.5 Decree 298/2017 (CBD and use of medicinal cannabis) .......................................... 63 2.6.6 Resolution 19/2016 from DNA ................................................................................. 63 2.6.7 Decree 173/2010 (“Microgeneration” from renewable energy sources; 2010 and 2016) 63 2.6.8 Decree 114/2014 (Renewable energy generation “without injection”) .................. 64 2.6.10 Decree 259/1996 (Aquaculture declared of “National Interest”) ............................ 64 2.6.11 Taxes Regulations and Labour Legislation (DGI, BPS, MTSS, etc.) ........................... 64 2.6.12 Law 19,574: Comprehensive Anti-Money Laundering Law (2018) .......................... 65 2.6.13 Law 19,921: Free Trade Zones (1987) ...................................................................... 66 3. Research and Analysis .............................................................................................................. 67 3.1 Hydroponics ..................................................................................................................... 67 3.1.1 Brief Introduction to Hydroponics ........................................................................... 67 3.1.2 Different Hydroponic Techniques: Selection for Cannabis ...................................... 71 3.1.3 Current Average “Fully-Automated” Hydroponic Systems ...................................... 78 3.2 Cannabis ........................................................................................................................... 80 3.2.1 Registrations and Authorizations ............................................................................. 80 3.2.2 Production Yields in Uruguay and Prices ................................................................. 86 3.2.3 Breeds of Cannabis ................................................................................................... 89 3.3 Aquaculture ...................................................................................................................... 90 3.3.1 Barramundi Features................................................................................................ 92 3.3.2 Barramundi Production ............................................................................................ 95 3.3.3 Barramundi Market Presentations........................................................................... 99 3.3.4 The Downsides of Barramundi ................................................................................. 99 3.3.5 Conclusions ............................................................................................................ 100 3.4 Aquaponics ..................................................................................................................... 101 3.5 Technical Aspects and Requirements ............................................................................ 110 3.5.1 Greenhouse ............................................................................................................ 110 3.5.2 Operations .............................................................................................................. 112 3.5.3 CBD Extraction Methods and Equipment .............................................................. 113 3.5.4 Equipment and Facilities for Aquaculture .............................................................. 115 3.5.5 Personnel ............................................................................................................... 115 Page 2 3.5.6 Laboratory Equipment ........................................................................................... 116 3.5.7 Energy ..................................................................................................................... 117 3.5.8 Water and Nutrients .............................................................................................
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