This Is How We Fought in Gaza
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Ben-Gurion University of the Negev the Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research the Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies Evolution of settlement typologies in rural Israel Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of "Master of Science" By: Keren Shalev November, 2016 “Human settlements are a product of their community. They are the most truthful expression of a community’s structure, its expectations, dreams and achievements. A settlement is but a symbol of the community and the essence of its creation. ”D. Bar Or” ~ III ~ תקציר למשבר הדיור בישראל השלכות מרחיקות לכת הן על המרחב העירוני והן על המרחב הכפרי אשר עובר תהליכי עיור מואצים בעשורים האחרונים. ישובים כפריים כגון קיבוצים ומושבים אשר התבססו בעבר בעיקר על חקלאות, מאבדים מאופיים הכפרי ומייחודם המקורי ומקבלים צביון עירוני יותר. נופי המרחב הכפרי הישראלי נעלמים ומפנים מקום לשכונות הרחבה פרבריות סמי- עירוניות, בעוד זהותה ודמותה הייחודית של ישראל הכפרית משתנה ללא היכר. תופעת העיור המואץ משפיעה לא רק על נופים כפריים, אלא במידה רבה גם על מרחבים עירוניים המפתחים שכונות פרבריות עם בתים צמודי קרקע על מנת להתחרות בכוח המשיכה של ישובים כפריים ולמשוך משפחות צעירות חזקות. כתוצאה מכך, סובלים המרחבים העירוניים, הסמי עירוניים והכפריים מאובדן המבנה והזהות המקוריים שלהם והשוני ביניהם הולך ומיטשטש. על אף שהנושא מעלה לא מעט סוגיות תכנוניות חשובות ונחקר רבות בעולם, מעט מאד מחקר נעשה בנושא בישראל. מחקר מקומי אשר בוחן את תהליכי העיור של המרחב הכפרי דרך ההיסטוריה והתרבות המקומית ולוקח בחשבון את התנאים המקומיים המשתנים, מאפשר התבוננות ואבחנה מדויקים יותר על ההשלכות מרחיקות הלכת. על מנת להתגבר על הבסיס המחקרי הדל בנושא, המחקר הנוכחי החל בבניית בסיס נתונים רחב של 84 ישובים כפריים (קיבוצים, מושבים וישובים קהילתיים( ומצייר תמונה כללית על תהליכי העיור של המרחב הכפרי ומאפייניה. -
K0-41Io ARMO'r on OKINAWA
I k0-41io ARMO'R ON OKINAWA A RESEARCH REPORT PREPARED BY COL2JIaTTEE 1., OFFICERS ADV~ANCED COURSE THE ARIJJDD SCHOOL 1948-1949 MAJOR J.1L. BALTHIS ML.AJOR P. Go. SHOMffONEK MAJOR R. B. CRAYTON4 M.,AJOR L. H. JOHNSO CAPTAIN T. Q. DONALDSON CAr~PT'l4 D. L. JOHNvSON CAPTAIN W. Jo HYDE 1st LIEUTENANTd.To. WOODSON, JR. FORT K§v"OX, KH&!TUCKY MA1Y 1949 e A t- L - A ARMOR OKNA WA "-4j ~i4L f -' lip .V1 (1', July 1886-i8 June 1)/45) bon3 ul 1I6 ie&P Iunf ordile Ky., son of the cel-ebrated Confederate general, Simon Bolivar Buckner. The onerBuckner ch,,ose a mii ta,,r career, as had his father. 1 fter attending the iirgnia ilitry Istiute, he entered th-e U-,nited States Ml itary AIcadem, from.r which. h-e graduated in 1903. He was instruc- w--r in -,ilit-ry tactics at WIest Point from 1919 to 1923, and- COM- 2andant of cadets from 193)'2 to 1936 . Dudring World .Jar I, h-e comn- -unaded aviat'1ion training brigades. -:ieral Buckner was given, comuand of th e 1 1as a r6efenie force in dyan 940plyeda pomientrole in t1,e recapture of the -euionsin 1942-43. He was awarded the D.S.M,. in Oct. '1943, ' 1 Promoted t te4te iplDorary rank- o.L eter Generl. 1-was - Ler sent to t-he Ccntral PacifcComn, hr ho gai-ned cormmand the, new,, U.S. TNT1H A2LY. T1his a ,under his cormmand, invaded JNL~kI, on 1 A'pril 11945,95in1 three days bef'ore the lose of the Okinawan camnaign, General Buckner was fatally wounded r by a piece of coral, ahrcwn by the expl1osion of an c-eyartill cry S'4 PREFACE The capture of OKINAWIA was essentially en infantry effort with the result tha-).t armor wtuas at all times in support of infantry units. -
The Humanitarian Monitor CAP Occupied Palestinian Territory Number 17 September 2007
The Humanitarian Monitor CAP occupied Palestinian territory Number 17 September 2007 Overview- Key Issues Table of Contents Update on Continued Closure of Gaza Key Issues 1 - 2 Crossings Regional Focus 3 Access and Crossings Rafah and Karni crossings remain closed after more than threemonths. Protection of Civilians 4 - 5 The movement of goods via Gaza border crossings significantly Child Protection 6-7 declined in September compared to previous months. The average Violence & Private 8-9 of 106 truckloads per day that was recorded between 19 June and Property 13 September has dropped to approximately 50 truckloads per day 10 - 11 since mid-September. Sufa crossing (usually opened 5 days a week) Access was closed for 16 days in September, including 8 days for Israeli Socio-economic 12 - 13 holidays, while Kerem Shalom was open only 14 days throughout Conditions the month. The Israeli Civil Liaison Administration reported that the Health 14 - 15 reduction of working hours was due to the Muslim holy month Food Security & 16 - 18 of Ramadan, Jewish holidays and more importantly attacks on the Agriculture crossings by Palestinian militants from inside Gaza. Water & Sanitation 19 Impact of Closure Education 20 As a result of the increased restrictions on Gaza border crossings, The Response 21 - 22 an increasing number of food items – including fruits, fresh meat and fish, frozen meat, frozen vegetables, chicken, powdered milk, dairy Sources & End Notes 23 - 26 products, beverages and cooking oil – are experiencing shortages on the local market. The World Food Programme (WFP) has also reported significant increases in the costs of these items, due to supply, paid for by deductions from overdue Palestinian tax increases in prices on the global market as well as due to restrictions revenues that Israel withholds. -
Part II Session 3 “Technology to Seize an Enemy-Held Shore”
Part II Session 3 “Technology to Seize an Enemy-held Shore” 1 Opposed Allied Amphibious Operations Prior to Normandy-Many Painful Lessons • UK-Norway, April 1940 • UK-Dakar, September 1940 • UK-Madagascar, May 1942 • UK/Canadian-Dieppe raid on the French coast, August 1942 • US/UK-Torch-Casablanca, Oran and Algiers, Nov 1942 • US/UK- Sicily/Italy – Sicily (Husky), Salerno (Avalanche), Anzio (Shingle), July –September 1943 2 “How to seize an enemy-held shore” • Examine from that past, then plan, plan, review the plan and exercise what you can of the plan. • Make sure that some one was in-charge of each action and was drilled in what to do. • What are the Germans doing and what would be a German response? Plan for that response. • Special training, new weapons, what do you need to clear the beach, how do you protect the landing forces, where is the unified command and control? 3 “How to seize an enemy-held shore” • While some of this sessions applies in the Pacific, the context here is a build up for the Normandy invasion: - One million troops and a 100,000 vehicles and everything needed to kept functioning. - The Normandy invasion was on the shore of a continent. • The Pacific War was a series of island invasions or jungle enclaves in New Guinea. No opposing armor, limited air cover or the probably of massed reserves. • Only the Philippine invasion and the possible invasion of the Japanese home Islands in November 1945 had the scope of Normandy. 4 What a Successful Amphibious Landing Requires-1 • Off-shore Command ships containing cooperative inter- service and inter-Allied staffs functioning below the Senior Chiefs level. -
NSIAD-88-77 Army Disposal
United States General Accounting Office Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on GAO>; Oversight and Investigations, Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives September 1988 ARMYDISPOSAL Construction Equipment Prematurely Disposed of in Europe RESTRKTED-Not to be released outside the Gend Accounting Office except on the basis of the specifk 8~4 by the Of&e of CongressionalRelations. United States General Accounting Office GAO Washington, D.C. 20548 National Security and International Affairs Division B-229358 September 20,1988 The Honorable John Dingell Chairman, Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations Committee on Energy and Commerce House of Representatives Dear Mr. Chairman: The Army, having decided that its fleet of construction vehicles was becoming too costly to keep in repair, directed European units in 1985 to dispose of commercially available combat engineer construction vehi- cles. The Army purchased 850 replacement vehicles for Europe costing about $79 million. The purchase was part of a worldwide replacement program totaling about $470 million through fiscal year 1987. As you requested, we reviewed the Army’s replacement of construction vehicles in Europe. Our objective was to determine the basis for replac- ing these vehicles. We agree with the Army’s goal to replace worn-out vehicles with stan- dardized ones, but question its decision to dispose of usable vehicles without showing that it was cost-effective to do so. Army officials stated that old construction vehicles were difficult to support and that high repair costs made replacing the entire fleet -regardless of condi- tion-cost-effective. We found no analyses to support the Army’s position. -
Protection of Civilians Weekly Report
U N I TOCHA E D Weekly N A Report: T I O 14N MarchS – 20 March 2007 N A T I O N S| 1 U N I E S OFFICE FOR THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN AFFAIRS P.O. Box 38712, East Jerusalem, Phone: (+972) 2-582 9962 / 582 5853, Fax: (+972) 2-582 5841 [email protected], www.ochaopt.org Protection of Civilians Weekly Report 14 March – 20 March 2007 Of note this week An UNRWA convoy carrying the Director of UNRWA Operations in Gaza was attacked by a group of armed masked gunmen in the northern Gaza Strip. The convoy escaped unharmed despite numerous shots being fired at the vehicle. Gaza Strip − A Palestinian sniper shot and injured a civilian Israeli utility worker in the Nahal Oz area. The military wing of Hamas claimed responsibility. Nine homemade rockets, one of which detonated inside the Gaza Strip, and two mortar shells were fired by Palestinians throughout the week towards Israel. − Four Israeli military boats opened fire and rounded up 14 Palestinian fishing boats in Rafah and forced them to sail towards deeper waters. IDF vessels tied the boats and ordered the fishermen to jump in the water and swim individually towards the military ships. A total of 54 Palestinian fishermen were interrogated before later being released while two others were arrested. − Seven Palestinians were killed this week as a result of internal violence including an eight year-old girl caught in crossfire during a family dispute. − Eight days have passed since the BBC's reporter was abducted in Gaza City. -
Civil Resilience Network Conceptual Framework for Israel's Local & National Resilience
Israel Trauma Coalition for Response and Preparedness Civil Resilience Network Conceptual Framework for Israel's Local & National Resilience Version B Elul 5769 August 2009 Civil Resilience Network – Version B - 2 - Elul 5769 August 2009 "It's not the strongest of the species that survives nor the most intelligent, but the one most responsive to change" (Charles Darwin, On the Origin of Species, 1859) … "The entire people is the army, the entire land is the front" (David Ben-Gurion, May 1948) … "Israel has nuclear weapons and the strongest air force in the region, but the truth is that it is weaker than a spider's web" (Hassan Nasrallah, May 26, 2000) ... "The durability of spider webs enable them to absorb the concentrated pressure of a weight ten times that of the most durable artificial fiber" (P. Hillyard, The Book of the Spider, 1994) Civil Resilience Network – Version B - 3 - Elul 5769 August 2009 Table of Contents Table of Contents............................................................................................................ 3 Funders: UJA Federation of New York ....................................................................... 5 Partners ........................................................................................................................... 5 THE ISRAEL TRAUMA COALITION: RESPONSE AND PREPAREDNESS............................... 5 THE REUT INSTITUTE ..................................................................................................... 5 Acknowledgements........................................................................................................ -
Gaza CRISIS)P H C S Ti P P I U
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs occupied Palestinian territory Zikim e Karmiya s n e o il Z P m A g l in a AGCCESSA ANDZ AMOV EMENTSTRI (GAZA CRISIS)P h c s ti P P i u F a ¥ SEPTEMBER 2014 o nA P N .5 F 1 Yad Mordekhai EREZ CROSSING (BEIT HANOUN) occupied Palestinian territory: ID a As-Siafa OPEN, six days (daytime) a B?week4 for B?3the4 movement d Governorates e e of international workers and limited number of y h s a b R authorized Palestinians including aid workers, medical, P r 2 e A humanitarian cases, businessmen and aid workers. Jenin d 1 e 0 Netiv ha-Asara P c 2 P Tubas r Tulkarm r fo e S P Al Attarta Temporary Wastewater P n b Treatment Lagoons Qalqiliya Nablus Erez Crossing E Ghaboon m Hai Al Amal r Fado's 4 e B? (Beit Hanoun) Salfit t e P P v i Al Qaraya al Badawiya i v P! W e s t R n m (Umm An-Naser) n i o » B a n k a North Gaza º Al Jam'ia ¹¹ M E D I TER RAN EAN Hatabiyya Ramallah da Jericho d L N n r n r KJ S E A ee o Beit Lahia D P o o J g Wastewater Ed t Al Salateen Beit Lahiya h 5 Al Kur'a J a 9 P l D n Treatment Plant D D D D 9 ) D s As Sultan D 1 2 El Khamsa D " Sa D e J D D l i D 0 D s i D D 0 D D d D D m 2 9 Abedl Hamaid D D r D D l D D o s D D a t D D c Jerusalem D D c n P a D D c h D D i t D D s e P! D D A u P 0 D D D e D D D a l m d D D o i t D D l i " D D n . -
The Tunnels in Gaza February 2015 the Tunnels in Gaza Testimony Before the UN Commission of Inquiry on the 2014 Gaza Conflict Dr
Dr. Eado Hecht 1 The Tunnels in Gaza February 2015 The Tunnels in Gaza Testimony before the UN Commission of Inquiry on the 2014 Gaza Conflict Dr. Eado Hecht The list of questions is a bit repetitive so I have decided to answer not directly to each question but in a comprehensive topical manner. After that I will answer specifically a few of the questions that deserve special emphasis. At the end of the text is an appendix of photographs, diagrams and maps. Sources of Information 1. Access to information on the tunnels is limited. 2. I am an independent academic researcher and I do not have access to information that is not in the public domain. All the information is based on what I have gleaned from unclassified sources that have appeared in the public media over the years – listing them is impossible. 3. The accurate details of the exact location and layout of all the tunnels are known only by the Hamas and partially by Israeli intelligence services and the Israeli commanders who fought in Gaza last summer. 4. Hamas, in order not to reveal its secrets to the Israelis, has not released almost any information on the tunnels themselves except in the form of psychological warfare intended to terrorize Israeli civilians or eulogize its "victory" for the Palestinians: the messages being – the Israelis did not get all the tunnels and we are digging more and see how sophisticated our tunnel- digging operation is. These are carefully sanitized so as not to reveal information on locations or numbers. -
The Israel Defense Forces, 1948-2017
The Israel Defense Forces, 1948-2017 Kenneth S. Brower Mideast Security and Policy Studies No. 150 THE BEGIN-SADAT CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES BAR-ILAN UNIVERSITY Mideast Security and Policy Studies No. 150 The Israel Defense Forces, 1948-2017 Kenneth S. Brower The Israel Defense Forces, 1948-2017 Kenneth S. Brower © The Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies Bar-Ilan University Ramat Gan 5290002 Israel Tel. 972-3-5318959 Fax. 972-3-5359195 [email protected] www.besacenter.org ISSN 0793-1042 May 2018 Cover image: Soldier from the elite Rimon Battalion participates in an all-night exercise in the Jordan Valley, photo by Staff Sergeant Alexi Rosenfeld, IDF Spokesperson’s Unit The Begin-Sadat (BESA) Center for Strategic Studies The Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies is an independent, non-partisan think tank conducting policy-relevant research on Middle Eastern and global strategic affairs, particularly as they relate to the national security and foreign policy of Israel and regional peace and stability. It is named in memory of Menachem Begin and Anwar Sadat, whose efforts in pursuing peace laid the cornerstone for conflict resolution in the Middle East. Mideast Security and Policy Studies serve as a forum for publication or re-publication of research conducted by BESA associates. Publication of a work by BESA signifies that it is deemed worthy of public consideration but does not imply endorsement of the author’s views or conclusions. Colloquia on Strategy and Diplomacy summarize the papers delivered at conferences and seminars held by the Center for the academic, military, official and general publics. -
Assessing the Implications of Possible Changes to Women in Service Restrictions: Practices of Foreign Militaries and Other Organizations
Assessing the Implications of Possible Changes to Women in Service Restrictions: Practices of Foreign Militaries and Other Organizations Annemarie Randazzo-Matsel • Jennifer Schulte • Jennifer Yopp DIM-2012-U-000689-Final July 2012 Photo credit line: Young Israeli women undergo tough, initial pre-army training at Zikim Army Base in southern Israel. REUTERS/Nir Elias Approved for distribution: July 2012 Anita Hattiangadi Research Team Leader Marine Corps Manpower Team Resource Analysis Division This document represents the best opinion of CNA at the time of issue. It does not necessarily represent the opinion of the Department of the Navy. Cleared for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited. Specific authority: N00014-11-D-0323. Copies of this document can be obtained through the CNA Document Control and Distribution Section at 703-824-2123. Copyright 2012 CNA This work was created in the performance of Federal Government Contract Number N00014-11-D-0323. Any copyright in this work is subject to the Government's Unlimited Rights license as defined in DFARS 252.227-7013 and/or DFARS 252.227-7014. The reproduction of this work for commercial purposes is strictly prohibited. Nongovernmental users may copy and distribute this document in any medium, either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this copyright notice is reproduced in all copies. Nongovernmental users may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the read-ing or further copying of the copies they make or distribute. Nongovernmental users may not accept compensation of any manner in exchange for copies. All other rights reserved. Contents Executive summary . 1 Foreign militaries . 3 Australia . 4 ADF composition . -
Suicide Terrorists in the Current Conflict
Israeli Security Agency [logo] Suicide Terrorists in the Current Conflict September 2000 - September 2007 L_C089061 Table of Contents: Foreword...........................................................................................................................1 Suicide Terrorists - Personal Characteristics................................................................2 Suicide Terrorists Over 7 Years of Conflict - Geographical Data...............................3 Suicide Attacks since the Beginning of the Conflict.....................................................5 L_C089062 Israeli Security Agency [logo] Suicide Terrorists in the Current Conflict Foreword Since September 2000, the State of Israel has been in a violent and ongoing conflict with the Palestinians, in which the Palestinian side, including its various organizations, has carried out attacks against Israeli citizens and residents. During this period, over 27,000 attacks against Israeli citizens and residents have been recorded, and over 1000 Israeli citizens and residents have lost their lives in these attacks. Out of these, 155 (May 2007) attacks were suicide bombings, carried out against Israeli targets by 178 (August 2007) suicide terrorists (male and female). (It should be noted that from 1993 up to the beginning of the conflict in September 2000, 38 suicide bombings were carried out by 43 suicide terrorists). Despite the fact that suicide bombings constitute 0.6% of all attacks carried out against Israel since the beginning of the conflict, the number of fatalities in these attacks is around half of the total number of fatalities, making suicide bombings the most deadly attacks. From the beginning of the conflict up to August 2007, there have been 549 fatalities and 3717 casualties as a result of 155 suicide bombings. Over the years, suicide bombing terrorism has become the Palestinians’ leading weapon, while initially bearing an ideological nature in claiming legitimate opposition to the occupation.