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Using Translation Of...Pdf Sudan University of Science and Technology College of Graduate Studies College of Languages Using Translation of Authentic Press Materials for Promoting the Students Performance in Media Translation A thesis Submitted in Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of PhD in English Language (Applied linguistics) Submitted by: Shirien Gaffar Mohmmed Abdlulraheim Supervised by : Dr. Mahmmoud Ali Ahmed 2018 Dedication T o My Family,,,, ii Acknowledgments Great thanks and appreciation are due to supervisor Prof. Mahmoud Ali Ahmed for his terse guidance and valuable help. Sincere thanks and gratitude are extended to Chassan, Ibrahim and Mohammed Altayeb for their help. iii Abstract The study aimed at exploring the performance of MA students in translating authentic press materials with the aim of improving their media translation. The researcher adopted the descriptive and applied method. Sampling was represented in a number of (25) university teachers and (50) MA students. A questionnaire and a diagnostic test were used as a study tools for collecting data. The (SPSS) program was used for data analysis. The most important results revealed are : most students neglect continuous follow-up of English native media such as magazines, newspapers, television, etc. Difficulty of understanding authentic press materials resulting from cultural differences between English and Arabic. Translation courses at universities require continuous review, assessment and development. Universities should reconsider their traditional ways of teaching translation. The study recommends : students should get the opportunity to be exposed to native English environment. Culture of both target and source languages should be introduced in translation classes. The differences between the cultures of the two languages should be pointed out. university teachers of translation should always be well- versed in the cultures of both to source and target languages. universities should continuously evaluate and review translation curriculums and syllabuses contents to cope with technological media. iv Abstract (Arabic version) (SPSS) v Table of Contents Topics Items PAGE PRELIMINARIES Dedication ii Acknowledgements Iii Abstract iv Abstract ( Arabic version ) vi Table of contents viii Chapter One Introduction 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Statement of the Study problem 1 1.3 Significance of the Study 2 1.4 Objectives of the Study 2 1.5 Questions of the Study 3 1.6 Hypotheses of the study 3 1.7 Research limits 3 1.8 Methodology 3 Chapter Two Literature Review And Previous Studies 2-0 Introduction 5 2-1 Historical Background 6 2.2 Concept Of Translation 6 2-2-1 Intralingual Interlingual and Intersemiotic Translation 7 2-2-1-1 intralingual translation 7 2-2-1-2 interlingual translation 7 2-2-1-3 intersemiotic translation 8 2.3 Universals of Translation 8 2-4 Approaching A text 8 2.5 Developments In Translation Studies 9 2-6 Theories of Translation 9 2-6-1 Linguistic Theory of Translation 9 2-6-2 Philological Theory of Translation 9 2-6-3 Sociolinguistic Theory of Translation 9 2-6-4 Theory of meaning 9 2-7 Purposes of Translation 10 2-7-1 Pedagogical purpose 10 2-7-2 Humanistic political purposes 10 2-7-3 Technological purpose 10 2-7-4 Cultural purposes 10 2-8 Importance of Teaching Translation 10 2-9 The Role of pedagogical Translation in the Development of Language 12 Teaching 2-10 Methods of Translation 13 2-10-1 Word for word Translation 14 2-10-2 Literal Translation 14 2- 10-3 Faithful Translation 15 2-10-4 Semantic Translation 15 vi 2-10-5 Communicative Translation 16 2-10-6 Idiomatic Translation 16 2-10-7 Free Translation 17 2-10-8 Adaptation 17 2-11 Translation Strategies 18 2-11-1 Translation by more general word 18 2-11-2 Translation by a more neutral less expressive word 18 2-11-3 Translation by cultural substitution 18 2-11-4 Translation using a loan word or loan word plus explanation 19 2-11-5 Translation by paraphrase using a related word 19 2-11-6 Translation by paraphrase using un –related words 19 2-11-7 Translation by omission 20 2-11-8 Translation by illustration 20 2-12 The Equivalence 20 2-12-1 Translation Equivalence 21 2-12-2 Types of Equivalence 22 2-12-2-1 The Formal Correspondence 22 2-12-2-2 The Dynamic Equivalence 23 2-12-2-3 The Ideational Equivalence 24 2-13 Cohesion 25 2-13-1 Types of cohesion 25 2-13-1-1 Reference 25 2-13-1-2 Substitution 26 2-13-1-3 Ellipses 26 2-13-1-4 Conjunctions 26 2-13-1-2 Lexical cohesion 27 2-14 Connotative Meaning 27 2-15 Context: Definition 28 2-15-1 The Relevance Of Context to Translation 30 2-16 Problems Encountered by Translators from English to Arab 31 2-16-1 Language problems 32 2-17 Translation problems 32 2-17-1 General Translation Problems 32 2-18 Factors Influencing the quality of translation 33 2-19 Journalism and Journalistic Translation 33 2-19-1 Journalism and Translation 34 2-19-2 Journalistic Translation : Definition, Importance and principles 35 2-20 The Influence of Culture on Translation 35 2-20-1 Strategies For Translating Culture 37 2-21 Media Translation 38 2-21-1 Media 39 2-21-1 Media Studies 39 2-21-2 Key Concepts in Media Studies 39 2-21-3 Hyperbole and understatement 42 2-21-4 Framing 43 2-21-5 Newspapers on line 45 2-22 Translated press ―Translation in the press 45 2-23 The relationship between language, thought, culture 46 and translation vii 2-24 Arabicization 28 2-24-1 Transcription 49 2-24-2 Naturalization 50 2-24-3 Translation 50 2-24-4 Coinage 50 2-24-5 Neologisms 52 2-24-6 Translation of proper nouns 53 2-24-7 Transcription / Transliteration 53 2-24-8 Transcription / Naturalization 54 2-24-9 Naturalization 54 2-25 Translation of Political Establishments 55 2-25-1 Parliament 55 2-25-2 Ministries 56 2-25-3 Buildings Names 56 2-26 The news : Definition and features 57 2-26-1Components of the news 58 Chapter Three Research Methodology 3.0 Introduction 69 3.1 The Research population of the study 69 3.1.1 Sample of the study 69 3.2 The Tools of Data Collection 69 3.2.1 The lecturers questionnaire 69 3.2.2 The Content of the questionnaire 69 3.3 Validity of the tools of the study 70 3.3.1 The Reliability of the questionnaire 70 3.4 Techniques of the data analysis 70 3.5 Summary 70 Chapter Four Data Analysis, Results and Discussions 4-2 Analysis of students responses to the test: 83 4-3 Analysis of Lecturers Responses to the open- ended questionnaire 84 4-4 Discussion of Results in R elation to the Hypotheses : 84 Chapter Five Main Findings, Conclusions, Recommendations& Suggestion for further studies 5.0 Introduction 87 5.1 Summary 87 5.2 The findings 87 5-3 Recommendation 88 Bibliography 89 viii Chapter One Introduction ix CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background: Press translation is often seen as something relatively straightforward, as bread and butter compared to the jam and cream of literary translation. Thus, while students feel that the translation of literature demands a creativity and ingenuity which fall beyond them, they may be confident in their ability to make an effective translation of a press simply by producing a clear and accurate paraphrase of the content of the source text. This task may seem all the easier if the readership of the source and target texts are relatively similar in cultural background and outlook. In today's globalized world, press translation does indeed provide the substance for many translators, The work of many respected journalist crosses national and language boundaries. Columns, for instance, originally published in a single British or Arabic newspaper may be translated in to several other languages and be read by vast people across Europe. Discussions of translation procedures frequently seem to imply that strategies are incompatible with the goal of fidelity for instance the strategy of omitting from the translation elements present in the source text has often been referred to as some kind of weakness or failing on the translator's part thus Clifford (2001: 95) describes omission as "The equivalent of un conditional surrender, an admission that a certain word, phrase or construction is beyond the translator's ability to render". Similarly, the process of adding to the translation material not present in the source text, as "deforming tendencies" found in translation. The translator decision aims at preserving a balance between conveying the essential and ensuring that the organization, tone and style are acceptable to the target audience. This study is an attempt to explore a field of translation namely Media translation . 1.2 Statement of the Study problem: A crucial element of establishing and maintaining an international presence is being able to deliver your press materials in multiple languages, keeping the message consistent while ensuring that any cultural differences are respected and cared for along the process of handling. Languages today understand that translation is about more than replacing words from one Language with words from another. It is about understanding the nuances and abilities that make the difference between sounding (professional competent and authoritative) or sounding ridiculous. 1 Thus Translating, press materials to different language might seem easy, but it takes so much more than a few years of language training to accomplish . A translator should find a balance between faithfulness and accuracy. Also it involves more than just translation into the target language, it also involves paying special attention to language variations in a specific geographical region.
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