SWAT SEA 2019
Impact of climate change on chilli (Capsicum annum L.) yield in major chilli growing districts of Tamilnadu
KOWSHIKA N, PANNEERSELVAM S, GEETHALAKSHMI V, ARUMUGAM T AND JAGADEESWARAN R
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Introduction
America Europe India
Christopher Colombus Vasco Da Gama
International hot and spicy foods day - January 16th
Americans – Last Thursday of February is celebrated as National Chilli Day (February 28, 2019) • India - 18 popular - Byadagi, Nalachetti, Tadappally, Ellaichipur sannam, Hindpur, Sangli sannam, Jwala, Kashmiri chilli, Nagpur, Madhya Pradesh Sannam, Kanthari white, tomato chilli, Guntur sannam, Sattur Mundu, Madras Puri and Ramnad Mund
• Vietnam, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, USA, UAE, Indonesia, Mexico, UK, Bangladesh, Singapore, Nepal, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Canada, China, Australia, Oman and South Africa
• Tamil Nadu holds ninth position during 2017 in chilli production with an area of 44,200 ha, production of 21,500 tonnes and productivity of 0.48 t/ha (Spices Board, 2017).
• Major chilli growing districts are Ramanathapuram, Tuticorin, Tirunelveli, Virudunagar, Sivagangai, Dindigul. • Spices- “high value-low volume” - climate change.
• Chilli - spice and vegetable
• Extremities in temperature and precipitation - major production reducers of chilli crop (Hwang and Tae, 2001).
• Chilli - rainfed – profitable to sustain the dry land production. Materials and Methods Impact of climate change on chilli crop yield of major chilli growing districts of Tamilnadu
• Weather Data – IMD
• Study period: 1983 - 2012
• Season: October - April
• Crop Simulation: K1 variety
• Major chilli growing districts: Ramanathapuram, Tuticorin, Tirunelveli, Virudhunagar, Sivagangai, Dindigul Ramanathapuram, Tuticorin, Tirunelveli, Virudunagar, Sivagangai, Dindigul Crop Simulation Model
• DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer) CROPGRO module - impact of climate variability and climate change
• Weatherman tool - Maximum temperature (°C), Minimum temperature (°C), Solar radiation (MJ m-2 day-1) and Rainfall (mm)
• Soil database of Tamil Nadu - Department of Remote sensing and GIS, TNAU
• X Build tool in DSSAT- Experimental file K1 Variety
Dry fruit yield Year of Variety name Parentage Duration (days) (t/ha) Special features release
K1 Variety Pure line selection from an 1964 210 1.8 Suitable for rainfed Assam type B 72 A cultivation. Results Average Solar radiation (MJ/m2/d) 19.0
18.0
17.0
16.0
15.0
14.0
13.0
Year
Thoothukudi Thirunelveli Sivagangai Ramanathapuram Dindigul Virudhunagar Average Maximum Temperature (°C) 34.0
33.0
32.0
31.0
30.0
29.0
Thoothukudi Thirunelveli Sivagangai Ramanathapuram Dindigul Virudhunagar Average Minimum Temperature (°C) 25.0
24.0
23.0
22.0
21.0
20.0
19.0
Thoothukudi Thirunelveli Sivagangai Ramanathapuram Dindigul Virudhunagar Seasonal Rainfall (mm) 200.0
150.0
100.0
50.0
0.0
Thoothukudi Thirunelveli Sivagangai Ramanathapuram Dindigul Virudhunagar Linear (Thoothukudi) Linear (Thirunelveli) Linear (Sivagangai) Linear (Ramanathapuram) Linear (Dindigul) Linear (Virudhunagar) Influence of seasonal rainfall variability on chilli yield in Thoothukudi district 80.0 1600
60.0 1400
40.0 1200
20.0 1000
0.0 800 Yield (kg/ha) Yield
Rainfall deviation (%) deviation Rainfall -20.0 600
-40.0 400
-60.0 200
-80.0 0 Years
RF deviation Simulated Linear (Simulated) Influence of seasonal rainfall variability on chilli yield in Thirunelveli district 120.0 1800
100.0 1600
80.0 1400 60.0
1200 40.0
20.0 1000
0.0 800
Yield (kg/ha) Yield Rainfall deviation (%) deviation Rainfall -20.0 600
-40.0 400 -60.0
200 -80.0
-100.0 0 Year
RF deviation Simulated Linear (Simulated) Influence of seasonal rainfall variability on chilli yield in Sivagangai district 100.0 1600
80.0 1400 60.0 1200 40.0 1000 20.0
0.0 800
-20.0 (kg/ha)Yield
600 Rainfall deviation (%) deviation Rainfall -40.0 400 -60.0 200 -80.0
-100.0 0 Year
RF deviation Simulated Linear (Simulated) Influence of seasonal rainfall variability on chilli yield in Ramanathapuram district 80.0 1800
60.0 1600
1400 40.0 1200 20.0 1000 0.0 800 -20.0 (kg/ha)Yield
Rainfall deviation (%) deviation Rainfall 600 -40.0 400
-60.0 200
-80.0 0 Year
RF deviation Simulated Linear (Simulated) Influence of seasonal rainfall variability on chilli yield in Dindigul district 80.0 1600
60.0 1400
40.0 1200
20.0 1000
0.0 800 Yield (kg/ha)Yield
-20.0 600 Rainfall deviation (%) deviation Rainfall
-40.0 400
-60.0 200
-80.0 0 Year
RF deviation Simulated Linear (Simulated) Influence of seasonal rainfall variability on chilli yield in Virudhunagar district 80.0 1600
60.0 1400
40.0 1200
20.0 1000 )
0.0 800 kg.ha Yield ( Yield
-20.0 600 Rainfall Deviation (%) Deviation Rainfall
-40.0 400
-60.0 200
-80.0 0 Year
RF deviation Simulated Linear (Simulated) • The rainfall deviation percentage gave an insight on classifying the study into Dry, Wet and Normal
rainfall years.
• Ramanathapuram and Thirunelveli districts have resulted in more dry years with 14 and 13 years,
respectively.
• 11 wet years have been in Virudhunagar district followed by 10 wet years in Thirunelveli,
Ramanathapuram and Dindigul districts.
• Thoothukudi and Sivagangai districts have experienced normal seasonal rainfall in 13 years, being the
highest. Association between seasonal weather parameters and the simulated crop yield
District Pearson correlation coefficient, r
Between seasonal weather parameters and simulated yield
Rainfall Solar radiation Maximum Minimum Temperature Temperature Thoothukudi 0.5 -0.5 -0.6 -0.2 Thirunelveli 0.6 -0.6 -0.5 0.1 Sivagangai 0.5 -0.5 -0.6 -0.2 Ramanathapuram 0.1 -0.4 -0.5 -0.2 Dindigul 0.5 -0.4 -0.6 -0.2 Virudhunagar 0.5 -0.6 -0.7 -0.2 Impact of climate change on chilli crop yield of major chilli growing districts of Tamilnadu
1800
1600
1400
1200 Yield (Kg/ha) Yield 1000
800
600 Thoothukudi Thirunelveli Sivagangai Ramanathapuram Dindigul Virudhunagar Districts
• Sivaganga and Dindigul - good yield. • Ramanathapuram, Thoothukudi and Virudhunagar districts - moderate performers • Tirunelveli - least. • Northern part of Ramanathapuram, Sivaganga, Virudhunagar under medium rainfall events • Central and Southern parts of Ramanathpuram, Sivaganga, Virudhunagar, Thoothukudi and Tirunelveli districts were
indicated a low rainfall events (Pandian et al., 2016) • Dwindling monsoon and improper irrigation facilities - lower productivity in the dry tracts. Conclusion
Impact of climate change over chilli production in major chilli growing districts of Tamilnadu:
• Sivagangai and Dindigul districts - performed well in 30 years (1983-2012).
• Ramanathapuram, Thoothukudi and Virudhunagar districts - moderate performers
• Tirunelveli - least. Questions?
Be weather wise; Otherwise; Not wise…… -Agro Climate Research Centre, TNAU
Thank you……..