1 Pleistocene Climate Change and the Formation of Regional Species Pools 2 Joaquín Calatayud1,2,3*, Miguel Ángel Rodríguez4, Rafael Molina-Venegas5, María 3 Leo6, Jose Luis Horreo7 and Joaquín Hortal2 4 5 1. Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, Edificio de Ciencias, 6 Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona km. 33,6, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain. 7 2. Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias 8 Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), C/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain. 9 3. Integrated Science Lab, Department of Physics, Umeå University, Naturvetarhuset, 10 byggnad G, NA plan 3, IceLab Umeå universitet, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden. 11 4. GLOCEE - Global Change Ecology and Evolution Group, Department of Life 12 Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805, Spain 13 5. Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, Bern 3013, 14 Switzerland 15 6. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Conservación. Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid 16 (CSIC). 28014 Madrid, España 17 7. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias 18 Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), C/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain. 19 * Corresponding author:
[email protected] 1 20 Abstract 21 Despite the description of bioregions dates back to the origin of biogeography, the 22 processes originating their associated species pools have been seldom studied. Ancient 23 historical events are thought to play a fundamental role in configuring bioregions, but 24 the effects of more recent events on these regional biotas are largely unknown. We use a 25 network approach to identify regional and sub-regional faunas of European Carabus 26 beetles, and developed a method to explore the relative contribution of dispersal 27 barriers, niche similarities and phylogenetic history on their configuration.