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Nangarhar Province UNHCR BACKGROUND REPORT NANGARHAR PROVINCE Prepared by the Data Collection for Afghan Repatriation Project 1 September 1989 PREFACE '!he following report is one in a series of 14 provincial profiles prepared for the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees by the Data Collec­ tion for Afghan Repatriation Project. 'Ihe object of these reports is to provide detailed infonnation on the conditions affecting the repatriation of Afghan refllgees in each province so that UNHrn.and its inplementing partners may be better able to plan and target programnes of relief and rehabilitation assistance. Each of the provinces featured in this series is estimated to have at least 35 percent of its pre-1978 population living as refugees. Together, these 14 provinces - Baghlan, Farah, Ghazni, Helmand, Herat, Kandahar, Kunar, Iaghman, Iogar, Nangarhar, Nimroz, Paktia, Paktika and Zabll -- account for ninety percent of the Afghan refugee population settled in Iran and Pakistan. · 'Ihe Data Collection for Afghan Repatriation Project (DCAR)was furrled by UNHrn.to develop a database of infonnation on Afghanistan that would serve as a resource for repatriatio11 planning. Project staff based in Peshawar and Q.ietta have corrlucted interviews and surveys in refugee canp; through­ out NWFP,Baluchistan and Punjab provinces in Pakistan to cx,npile data on refugee origins, etlmic and tribal affiliation and likely routes of refugee return to Afghanistan. In addition, the project field staff urrlertake frequent missions into Afghanistan to gather specific infonn­ ation on road conditions, the availability of storage facilities, trans­ portation and fuel, the level of destruction of housing, irrigation systems and fannland, the location of landmines and the political and military situation at the district (woleswali)and sub-district (alagadari) levels in those provinces of priority concern to UNHrn.. Where possible, written sources, including the Afghanistan ~zetteers edited by L. Adamec', NGOfield reports and bilateral/multilateral agency reports have been- consulted to corroborate field data. Project staff also interview Afghan resistance leaders, journalists and other non-Afghan visitors to the region as sources for infonnation and corroboration of infonnation gathered in the field. All survey data and other related information has been stored in the DCARdatabase. Only sunmary infor­ mation has been included in this report. More specific information can be obtained from the IX'AR main office at the UNHrn.Bub-Office Peshawar. Where locations are known, the activities of different NGOs have also been identified. 'Ibis infonnation has been provided in order to irrlicate the types of resources existing in a particular area, and to identify sources of potentially far nore detailed information than this report can offer. However, NGOactivities in Afghanistan are rapidly evolving. A nore current profile of activities can be obtained from the offices of the two NGOcoordinating conunittees, ACBARin Peshawar and SWABACin Q.ietta. Both maintain a database on the geographic coverage and sectoral activities of their member agencies. UNHCR/NANGARHARBA.CKGROUND REPORI' i 'lhese provincial reports do not claim to be exhaustive. Rather, they are interned as a reference for the targeting of assistance progranunes, and as guides for those agencies that require general backgrourrl infonnation on target areas, including the major obstacles that may be encountered to the planrunJ and implementation of assistance projects in those areas. Much of the most timely and relevant infonnation is derived fran eyewitness accounts, which often defy the most painstaking efforts to render them consistent with existing knowledge. Names of villages, evaluation of road con:titions and travel distances, and the identification of influential irrlividuals take on a remarkably subjective character when nore than one Afghan source is consulted. 'lhese reports, then, cannot substitute for first-hand investigation of local conditions. Ten years of war and social upheaval have led to the draIQatic deterior­ ation of irrlividual security and physical subsistence throughout Afghan­ istan. '!he rapidly evolving political conditions that will affect the return of refugee and internally displaced populations, as well as the effectiveness of international assistance efforts, are beyom the capacity of even the most experienced ot:servers to predict. 'lhese backgrourrl reports represent UNHCR'sattempt to develop a coherent response to these potentially chaotic conditions. UNHCR/NANGARHARB.'l\.CKGROUND REPORI' ii OF SOVI ...... Ia~u. ' •arid · \. ~sh~ir \ ..'. 1\.-.;, . ·: . .....,,. ....:..,• ·7 AFGHANISTAN\.. 0 National'capital : ® Province'capital o Town, viilage.. Main road Secondary road. The bounderies and nem.s shown on this map do not imply Railroad official •ndorsement or ecc•ptance by th• Unite; Netions. ·f- Airport Dotttld line repmsenrs epproxim•r.ly th• Lin• of Control in 0 50 100 150 200 250km Jammu and Kashmir egmed upon by India end Pakistan. Th• final status of Jammu end KAshmir has not yet bHn agn,m/ 0 100 150mi upan by rhe pert~s. 72050 MAP NO. 3400 UNffED NATIONS NOVEMBER 1986 TABLE OF O)NTENI'S Page Preface i Backgrourrl & Sl.nnmary • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1 Note on Population statistics . 5 Woleswali & Alaqadari Profiles Adlin . • . 6 Ba.ti Kot . • . • . ~ . 9 Behsud • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 11 Cl'laparhar . • . 13 Dara-e-Nur • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .• • • • • • • • • • • • 15 Deh Bela • . • . 17 Dor Baba • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 19 Gosllta • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 21 Hisarak . • . 23 Kana • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 27 I<hog1an1 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 29 Kouz Kunar • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 31 Ialpur • • • • • . 33 Mahinarrl Dara • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 3 5 Nazian . • . • . • . 37 Pachir-o-Agam • . • • . • . • . • . 3 9 Rodat • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 41 Sherzad . • • • • . • • • • • . • . • . • . • . • 43 Shinwar •••••• ~ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 44 SUrkll Rud • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 4 6 AnneXA/Glossary of Tenns am Acronyms ...............••••.••.••••..•. A-1 AnneX B/selected Population statistics for Nangarhar .••..•.•....•.... B-1 AnneX C/I.ocation of Nangarhar Refugees in Pakistan .....•.........•... C-1 AnneX D/Nangarhar Mministrati ve · District Population Comparisons ..... D UNHCR/NANGARHARBACKGROUND REroRr iii MAPS :Mapof Afghanistan . • .. following preface :MapShowing Population Density by District/ 1979 .............................. following page 5 :MapShowing Projected Repatriation Density by District ....................... following page 5 UNHCR/NANGARHARBACKGROUND REroRI' iv BACKGROUND& SUMMAH.Y Nangarhar Province in eastern Afghanistan is, with an area of nore than 18,000 sq km arrl 746,000 people, both the third largest arrl third IOC>St populous province of the country. '!he province is bounded in the west by Karul Province, in the north by Iaghman arrl Kunar, arrl in the east arrl south Nangarhar shares a 250 km border with the Kurram, Khyber arrl Mohmarrl tribal agencies of Pakistan's North West Frontier Province. 'lb the south is the Safed Koh range 'Which readies a height of 4, 500 metres feet. 'lhe northern side of the Safed Koh leads down to the Jalalabad plain 'Which is divided by the Kab.11 River. '!he larrl nearest the mountains is irrigated by canals arrl dams diverting the river water. But as the rivers reach into the Jalalabad plain, the larrl becomes drier arrl the farmers must irrigate their fields through a system of karez. Jalalabad, the capital of the province an1 Afghanistan's fifth largest city (pop. 56,000 in 1979), lies roughly in the middle of a 250 km paved highway that connects it with Peshawar in the east arrl Karul in the west. '!here is an airport suitable for heavy transport aircraft eight km east of the city. '!he Kunar River, the only significant trihltary of the Kab.11 River, joins the Karul at a point four miles below Jalalabad. POPUIATION '!he inhabitants of Nangarhar are principally Pushtuns although Tajiks, Arabs, Sildls, Hi.mus arrl Sayyids can also be found. '!he main Pushtun tribes are the I<hogianis, Shinwaris, Tirahim, Mohmarrl arrl the Ghilzais. '!he Kuchis nomads visit the area in the winter with their large flocks of sheep, goats arrl camels. '!he largest of the Kuchi groups are the Ghilzai Pushtuns. Nangarhar's pre-war population was estimated to be 746,000. UNHrn. estimates that 54 percent of that population (nearly 400,000 people) is settled in refugee camps located in the NWFPdistricts of Peshawar arrl Kohat
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