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U N Ive R S It Y O F T H E D Is T R Ic T O F C O Lu M B Ia // F All 2 0 15

U N Ive R S It Y O F T H E D Is T R Ic T O F C O Lu M B Ia // F All 2 0 15

UNIVERSITY OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA // FALL 2015 as when a C is pronounced as an S. Example: Façade Example: S. an as pronounced aCis when as pronunciation; their to modify letters certain under added mark shaped A hook CEDILLA to. attention draw or to explain picture or Text illustration an under CAPTION marks. expressive to produce brush or pen, dip instrument, tip abroad with of execution and design The . or in found those as such icons or pictures small of composed or square round, be can Bullets alist. in as such text of to lines attention to call used symbol A typographic (•) make words out and from certain phrases stand the surrounding text. with A BOLD Text. or Copy Body to as referred Also document. or apage on content written of Body BODY TEXT Typeface in a set was type, movable with printed ever book first the Bible, Gutenberg The serifs. and strokes to thin thick elaborate features that typeface of astyle forms, written early on Based BLACKLETTER (CLASSIFICATION) (") symbols with confused be not should (”) ’s • • • purposes: three serves it English, In alphabet. Latin the use that languages in mark A (’) APOSTROPHE and. word the to represent used “et” Latin the of A stylized (&) A sounds group of that represent a of spoken symbols the elementary language. ALPHABET in Text completely set • • • • on aelements . Horizontal text alignment is referred to as… graphic or text of middle or sides, bottom, top, the up to lining Refers ALIGNMENT VOCABULARY 1: TERMS Fully justified Centered left or Ragged Right-justified Flush-right, right or Ragged Left-justified Flush-left, established in English (as in in English P’s orthography established and Q’s). words not are that items written of plural as by some marking The time). month’s one in or eagle’s feathers, the (as in case possessive of marking The to don’t). not do of contraction the (as in letters more or one of omission the of marking The

thicker strokes thicker to mimic the manuscript of the time. Also Known As: Old English Old As: Known Also time. the of writing manuscript the to mimic UPPERCASE than regular. Bold type is used for to emphasis for used is type regular. Bold than or all capital letters. Also refered to as: Uppercase to as: refered Also letters. capital all or UNIVERSITY OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA // FALL 2015 statement, a slight pause,statement, a mysterious voice, silence. or awkward or a nervous and placement in a sentence, ellipses can also indicate leadinga an thought, unfinished context their on Depending meaning. original its altering without atext from section whole or sentence, aword, of omission intentional an indicates usually that dots of A series (…) section. ofa beginning the to sentence fifth or four the to down drops and sentence first the of top the with up lines word first the of letter first the of top the where novels, of beginning the at seen often are caps Drop . next the in as lines, more or two to down “drop” enlarged is that paragraph of a letter first The DROP CAP Wingdings, Zapf , include: Examples face. aspecialty make up usually that symbols or bullets, marks, decorative small the are these flowers,” “printer’s as known Once DINGBATS ( Résumé Example: accents. to as referred often are marks These given. usually are letters the than pronunciation different to indicate alphabet the of to letters added Symbols DIACRITICAL MARK (Á) their trendy nature lacks longevity. Examples include: as should be used sparingly These dimensional shadows. orinlines, shaded cast-three Designed employ decorative often for flamboyant typefaces visual ornamentation, , outlines/ DECORATIVE (CLASSIFICATION) function. and length in primarily symbols these of both from differs but sign, minus or to ahyphen similar is that mark A punctuation a † for the second footnote and a double dagger‡ for the third. footnote, first the for used is Typically, * an atext. in footnotes to indicate Used ‡ ) ( †OR DAGGER achieve a level of contrast and are more appealing visually a than with concordant relationship. Occurs are when separate from combined each typefaces that other. are clearly distinct These combinations RELATIONSHIP CONTRASTING conflict. they so contrasting, they are neither but concordant, with are not the same asThe similarities are attractions the because visual disturbing size, weight. and style, in similar too are that combined are typefaces when Occurs CONFLICTING RELATIONSHIP size, weight. and style, in variety much without appearance quiet aformal, creates This harmonious. to remain page the allowing used is family type one only when Occurs CONCORDANT RELATIONSHIP narrow. made are letterforms the of shape the where CONDENSED One or more blocks of vertical content positioned on a page. size, x-height. and type , tracking, , &structure, weight letterform in by variances created text of ablock of darkness or lightness relative The COLOR VOCABULARY 1: TERMS TYPOGRAPHY

(– —) OR

☞ ) (TYPE) Curlz,

Braggadocio, bastian UNIVERSITY OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA // FALL 2015 A inward offset from the setting. margin the from offset A inward INDENTS • • • uses… three has The (-) HYPHEN The organization of content, emphasizing some and subordinating elements others. HEIRARCHY Type. Display to as referred Also about. is text the what summarizes usually and attention reader’s the to grab used alayout, in used statement opening large extra The HEADLINE pages. facing between gap the including text, printed of columns between The GUTTER Typefaces intended to look like European Medieval calligraphy. Example: (TYPE) GOTHIC “A” and “a”. but aglyph is character, adifferent same is “a” “A” and Example: acharacter. of the are representations Graphical GLYPH margins. right and left the to both Text aligned is that FULLY JUSTIFIED composition. typographic of means other or acomputer on by keystroke for allows that typeface aparticular in marks punctuation and numerals, lowercase), and (upper letterforms of set A complete FONT page. the of another or side one against graphics or text of alignment The FLUSH Fatface, consisting of contrast and extreme weight. Examples include: style wide. stretched are letterforms of shape the where Font EXPANDED • • uses… two has dash The (–) EN-DASH un is it text—and the in pause anice puts semi acolon, but weak, too is be to make abreak used is dash The (—) EM-DASH VOCABULARY 1: TERMS TYPOGRAPHY rl pi, Ari split, eral de It in “to” use from in It and-pony show, grades)and-pony to high-school en A hy mul Some A hy ­di ­notes a con phen is used in phrasal ad phrasal in used is ­phen ap ­phen Dude, cates a range of val of arange ­cates (TYPE) ­ti part words are spelled with ahy with spelled are words ­part

HWT Roman Extended Roman HWT oaNvd reci ­zona–Nevada pears at the end of a line when a word breaks onto the next line. next the onto breaks aword when aline of end the at ­pears stead of an en dash (from 1880 to 1912, to 1912, 1880 (from dash en an of ­stead ­nec ­tion or con ues (1880–1912, pages 330–39, Ex 330–39, pages (1880–1912, ­ues , or pair of paren of pair or ­colon, trast be ­trast ­jec ­proc tives (lis ­tives ­banes–Ox Sar ­ity, tween parts of asen of parts ­tween ­der tween pairs of­tween words (con­ used in pro in ­used ­tener-sup ­sure clar phen (topsy-turvy, cost-e (topsy-turvy, ­phen ­the ­ity. ses is too strong. The em dash dash em The strong. too is ­ses ported ra ­ported ­fes e Act). ­ley sional writing. ­sional not tence. Use it when a acomma when it Use ­tence. from 1880–1912) ­hi dio, dog- ­dio, bits A–E). If paired with with paired If A–E). ­bits ser ­v f­f ­a Givry ec ­tive–lib tive, bric-a-brac). ­tive, Abril Abril ­ UNIVERSITY OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA // FALL 2015 occupy the same amount of horizontal space. Examples include: characters and letters whose font is a Monospace non-proportional, or fixed-width, to as referred Also MONOSPACE (CLASSIFICATION) include: Examples for headlines elegance or project generally and sub-headings. are perfect fonts Modern serifs. horizontal thin flat/ and stress vertical strokes, thin thick/ dramatic by their Recognizable (CLASSIFICATION)MODERN like “h.” “e,” as such letters of “” curve “y.” letters the and at also lowercase is many of It top The MEANLINE apage. of edge right and left bottom, and top the at space White MARGIN miniscules. to as referred Also alphabet. the of letters non-capital or letters little The LOWERCASE @, $, % &, include: Examples words. entire represent which signs Graphic • • figures: lining of types two are There height. same the areof figures all where numerals of style A modern LINING FIGURES fonts. of sets expert special or sets characters extended in available only is aligature cases, most In ligatures. “fi” and “fl” the as such page the on readable more to make type primarily used Two or combined more into letters make one character a ligatures . are In typography LIGATURE shapes, stroke character include contrast, x-height, size, or lack serifs thereof, and weight. affect that Aspects text. in characters recognize individual can areader which with ease The LEGIBILITY line. next the of to the text, of line one of linesThe This of between distance distance, text. (usually measured in is points) LEADING Etruscans. the of by way Greece from Romans to the came alphabet; modern the of Root Spacing. Character or Letterspacing to as referred Also designer. type the by pre-defined Usually words. in letters between spacing of adjustment The KERNING haveitalics a appearance, are somewhat those that calligraphic especially designed for a typeface. a separate uniqueoften design, features with yetMany differentwidths. complementary and often character roman upright, from companion.its They that has different aredesign typeface most Angled characteristics ITALICS VOCABULARY 1: TERMS TYPOGRAPHY to align such as in and financial tables, numbereddocuments, lists. Tabular: text. horizontal with nicely in blend to figures the allowing alphabet, the of rest the of color balanced even, the maintains spacing This characters. Proportional: (EMPHASIS)

(

Monospaced and work best when rows and columns of numbers need need numbers of columns and rows when best work and Monospaced fi )

Variable spacing, comparable to that of upper and lowercase

Also referred to as Line Spacing. Line to as referred Also Andale Mono, from the baseline baseline the from , ,

Didot

UNIVERSITY OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA // FALL 2015 ten inches. Prime symbols (") should not be confused with (“). apostrophes with confused be not should (") symbols Prime inches. ten the sciences, linguistics andthe sciences, Example: music. linguistics Are used to designate several and different for units variouspurposes other in , ( SYMBOL PRIME columns. into copy text to fit or emphasis for used are These lines. or boxes with page the from off set and enlarged are that text from excerpts Short QUOTES PULL fills. character the block the of much how and block the in character the of position the on sizes, based different as size appear may same the at typefaces two this, of Because described. being is itself, character the just not and type), movable of a block as (such block text the of height full the 12pt, to as referred is acharacter When inch. an of to 1/72 equal is point One size the afont. of to measure used unit The POINT referred Sometimes . marking individual character to as Paragraph Mark. A typographical (¶) inch. to one equal are picas six and to 12 points, equal is One text. of lines to measure used unit The PICA depth. of asense to create shadow using often font A three-dimensional PERSPECTIVE Dot. Baseline to as referred Sometimes U.S.A. as such letters individual of end the at or asentence of end the at placed mark A punctuation PERIOD (.) non-printing. and open centers leaving contours, aletterforms of use makes that style A font OUTLINE corrected. be should and typography poor considered is Orphan an to a“widow” Similar column. or apage of top the at aparagraph of line A single LINE ORPHAN suchembellishments as Example: pictures or symbols. Instead of alphanumeric contain ornamental typefaces characters, decorative ORNAMENTS some heights, aligning to varying with theNumbers baseline and some below. Example: OLDSTYLE FIGURES include: Examples text. of bodies lengthy thick and Their thins. between exceptional makes them a great choice for contrast little and left, to the inclines axis whose strokes by curved characterized are late the created 15 Originally between OLDSTYLE (CLASSIFICATION) An abbreviation of the word number(s) indicating ordinal numeration, especially in names and titles. NUMERO (№) that can be arrangedBlock and letterforms rearranged for printing. VOCABULARY 1: TERMS TYPOGRAPHY (TYPE) (TYPE) " )

th & mid-18 & 4 ' -10 , Berkely Oldstyle Berkely th "

would be expressed as four feet, feet, four as expressed be would centuries, these early roman types exOkn x Te , Goudy Oldstyle. Goudy

82364 UNIVERSITY OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA // FALL 2015 Letterspacing. Not be confused with Kerning which affects the space between between space the affects which Kerning with confused be Not Letterspacing. The TRACKING heavy. too be sizes would text smaller in used weight stroke the sizes where point larger at use for reduced is width stroke The titles. and heading for designed uppercase of A variant TITLING CAPITALS Example: a glyph. on etc. stroke, entry tail, , serif, an exaggerated as such flourish, A typographical readability. for ratio aspect haveawider and letters other as weight stroke same the retain they capitals; normal of versions scaled-down simply not are capitals small Well-designed weight and height at same set the characters uppercase include: Examples text. body for well work not do but headlines large for perfect are Serifs Slab . no have generally and characterized by block-like thick, Terminals serifs. may be blunt either & angular or rounded typeface serif of atype is this Egyptian, or Serif Square Mechanistic, to as referred Also (CLASSIFICATION) SERIF SLAB include: Examples abook. in as such text, of blocks large for used often are fonts serif to word, word and to letter letter eye from the by guiding to read easier make atypeface lines these As acharacter. of strokes various the of ends the at lines small by the recognizable are fonts Serif . or serifs Typefaces with (CLASSIFICATION)SERIF include:Examples brush. or hand-writing calligraphy, of look the simulates that style A typographic SCRIPT (CLASSIFICATION) include: Examples screen. on to read easier generally are they as text, website for common also are fonts serif Sans headline. amagazine in as such necessary, is typeface alarge when used often are fonts serif Sans brackets. or serifs Typefaces without SANS (CLASSIFICATION) SERIF faces. serif sans or to italic), (as opposed typeface upright to any refers and use widest in style typography normal the is Roman typography, Western In ROMAN text. re-sizing or tracking with corrected be should “rivers” These wide. unusually are words between spaces where columns justified fully in occur that space white of areas Unsightly RIVERS letters. black on white of appearance the leaving (non-printing) open are Letterforms REVERSE length). line and size, height, (font line typography on and vocabulary) its of complexity (the content its on both depends text aparticular of by areader. readability The understood be can text written which with ease The READABILITY VOCABULARY 1: TERMS TYPOGRAPHY overall overall

(TYPE)

spacing between letters to affect density in a block of text. Sometimes referred to as to referred Sometimes of text. block in a density to affect letters between spacing Bickham Script, Bickham

Snell Roundhand, Snell Roundhand, , Always & Forever Always Palantino,

ITC Lubalin Graph,

Times New Roman, New Roman, Times Edwardian Script. Edwardian as surrounding lowercase letters. , Helvetica,

Clarendon Adobe Adobe Gill individual , . letters. UNIVERSITY OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA // FALL 2015 bottom ofbottom a page. the This reader’s interrupts eye and diminishes readability. the at or paragraphs between space white much too leaves it because typography poor considered is Awidow column. or apage of bottom the at aparagraph of line A single LINE WIDOW case. lower the in hand, at nearer kept were letters used frequently more the while case upper to reach harder the in kept were letters capital used lesser the where type metal of days the from derived is uppercase term The names. proper of letter first the as and sentences of are alphabet the of letters capital The UPPERCASE scribes. Greek and by Latin AD centuries to 8th 4th the from used commonly (CAPITAL LETTERS) script A majuscule UNCIALS vi The TYPOGRAPHY layout text layout, type textsetting, As: Known Also type. to set software publishing desktop using designer, by the handled is today but typesetters skilled of realm the once was Typesetting printing. for preparation in page the on arrangement desired the and size and type of style right the into text putting of process The TYPESETTING Bold Condensed Roman, in available minimum at a are fonts Many font. a within available options different The FAMILYTYPE style. or design acommon share that punctuation, and numbers, letters, as such characters, of A group TYPEFACE include: size. in Examples consistent are cap-height and numerals stress, vertical x-height, larger strokes, &think thick between contrast greater provide typefaces Transitional Modern, into Style Old from transition the for Named TRANSITIONAL (CLASSIFICATION) VOCABULARY 1: TERMS TYPOGRAPHY sual com ­sual Bold

and and

, ­po

Condensed BlackCondensed Times nent of the writ the of ­nent Italic . Other families are. Other much larger, such as , ten word. ­ten UltraLight , UPPERCASE GLYPHSUPPERCASE , Helvetica , , UltraLight Italic and and

Adobe Pro, Caslon Adobe Courier , Light , normally used at the beginning beginning the at used , normally , Light Italic Light Helvetica Neue are all typefaces.

Times New Roman Times , Regular, etc. , consisting of of , consisting

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