Random Array of Colour Filters in the Eyes of Butterflies
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9 2013, No.1136
2013, No.1136 8 LAMPIRAN I PERATURAN MENTERI PERDAGANGAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 50/M-DAG/PER/9/2013 TENTANG KETENTUAN EKSPOR TUMBUHAN ALAM DAN SATWA LIAR YANG TIDAK DILINDUNGI UNDANG-UNDANG DAN TERMASUK DALAM DAFTAR CITES JENIS TUMBUHAN ALAM DAN SATWA LIAR YANG TIDAK DILINDUNGI UNDANG-UNDANG DAN TERMASUK DALAM DAFTAR CITES No. Pos Tarif/HS Uraian Barang Appendix I. Binatang Hidup Lainnya. - Binatang Menyusui (Mamalia) ex. 0106.11.00.00 Primata dari jenis : - Macaca fascicularis - Macaca nemestrina ex. 0106.19.00.00 Binatang menyusui lain-lain dari jenis: - Pteropus alecto - Pteropus vampyrus ex. 0106.20.00.00 Binatang melata (termasuk ular dan penyu) dari jenis: · Ular (Snakes) - Apodora papuana / Liasis olivaceus papuanus - Candoia aspera - Candoia carinata - Leiopython albertisi - Liasis fuscus - Liasis macklotti macklotti - Morelia amethistina - Morelia boeleni - Morelia spilota variegata - Naja sputatrix - Ophiophagus hannah - Ptyas mucosus - Python curtus - Python brongersmai - Python breitensteini - Python reticulates www.djpp.kemenkumham.go.id 9 2013, No.1136 No. Pos Tarif/HS Uraian Barang · Biawak (Monitors) - Varanus beccari - Varanus doreanus - Varanus dumerili - Varanus jobiensis - Varanus rudicollis - Varanus salvadori - Varanus salvator · Kura-Kura (Turtles) - Amyda cartilaginea - Calllagur borneoensis - Carettochelys insculpta - Chelodina mccordi - Cuora amboinensis - Heosemys spinosa - Indotestudo forsteni - Leucocephalon (Geoemyda) yuwonoi - Malayemys subtrijuga - Manouria emys - Notochelys platynota - Pelochelys bibroni -
Evolution of Insect Color Vision: from Spectral Sensitivity to Visual Ecology
EN66CH23_vanderKooi ARjats.cls September 16, 2020 15:11 Annual Review of Entomology Evolution of Insect Color Vision: From Spectral Sensitivity to Visual Ecology Casper J. van der Kooi,1 Doekele G. Stavenga,1 Kentaro Arikawa,2 Gregor Belušic,ˇ 3 and Almut Kelber4 1Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, 9700 Groningen, The Netherlands; email: [email protected] 2Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, SOKENDAI Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan 3Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; email: [email protected] 4Lund Vision Group, Department of Biology, University of Lund, 22362 Lund, Sweden; email: [email protected] Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2021. 66:23.1–23.28 Keywords The Annual Review of Entomology is online at photoreceptor, compound eye, pigment, visual pigment, behavior, opsin, ento.annualreviews.org anatomy https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-061720- 071644 Abstract Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2021.66. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Copyright © 2021 by Annual Reviews. Color vision is widespread among insects but varies among species, depend- All rights reserved ing on the spectral sensitivities and interplay of the participating photore- Access provided by University of New South Wales on 09/26/20. For personal use only. ceptors. The spectral sensitivity of a photoreceptor is principally determined by the absorption spectrum of the expressed visual pigment, but it can be modified by various optical and electrophysiological factors. For example, screening and filtering pigments, rhabdom waveguide properties, retinal structure, and neural processing all influence the perceived color signal. -
The Evolutionary Biology of Herbivorous Insects
GRBQ316-3309G-C01[01-19].qxd 7/17/07 12:07 AM Page 1 Aptara (PPG-Quark) PART I EVOLUTION OF POPULATIONS AND SPECIES GRBQ316-3309G-C01[01-19].qxd 7/17/07 12:07 AM Page 2 Aptara (PPG-Quark) GRBQ316-3309G-C01[01-19].qxd 7/17/07 12:07 AM Page 3 Aptara (PPG-Quark) ONE Chemical Mediation of Host-Plant Specialization: The Papilionid Paradigm MAY R. BERENBAUM AND PAUL P. FEENY Understanding the physiological and behavioral mecha- chemistry throughout the life cycle are central to these nisms underlying host-plant specialization in holo- debates. Almost 60 years ago, Dethier (1948) suggested that metabolous species, which undergo complete development “the first barrier to be overcome in the insect-plant relation- with a pupal stage, presents a particular challenge in that ship is a behavioral one. The insect must sense and discrim- the process of host-plant selection is generally carried out inate before nutritional and toxic factors become opera- by the adult stage, whereas host-plant utilization is more tive.” Thus, Dethier argued for the primacy of adult [AQ2] the province of the larval stage (Thompson 1988a, 1988b). preference, or detection and response to kairomonal cues, Thus, within a species, critical chemical, physical, or visual in host-plant shifts. In contrast, Ehrlich and Raven (1964) cues for host-plant identification may differ over the course reasoned that “after the restriction of certain groups of of the life cycle. An organizing principle for the study of insects to a narrow range of food plants, the formerly repel- host-range evolution is the preference-performance hypoth- lent substances of these plants might . -
Natural History of Fiji's Endemic Swallowtail Butterfly, Papilio Schmeltzi
32 TROP. LEPID. RES., 23(1): 32-38, 2013 CHANDRA ET AL.: Life history of Papilio schmeltzi NATURAL HISTORY OF FIJI’S ENDEMIC SWALLOWTAIL BUTTERFLY, PAPILIO SCHMELTZI (HERRICH-SCHAEFFER) Visheshni Chandra1, Uma R. Khurma1 and Takashi A. Inoue2 1School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Technology and Environment, The University of the South Pacific, Private Bag, Suva, Fiji. Correspondance: [email protected]; 2Japanese National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ôwashi 1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan Abstract - The wild population of Papilio schmeltzi (Herrich-Schaeffer) in the Fiji Islands is very small. Successful rearing methods should be established prior to any attempts to increase numbers of the natural population. Therefore, we studied the biology of this species. Papilio schmeltzi was reared on Micromelum minutum. Three generations were reared during the period from mid April 2008 to end of November 2008, and hence we estimate that in nature P. schmeltzi may have up to eight generations in a single year. Key words: Papilio schmeltzi, Micromelum minutum, life cycle, larval host plant, developmental duration, morphological characters, captive breeding INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS Most of the Asia-Pacific swallowtail butterflies P. schmeltzi was reared in a screened enclosure from mid (Lepidopera: Papilionidae) belonging to the genus Papilio are April 2008 to end of November 2008. The enclosure was widely distributed in the tropics (e.g. Asia, Papua New Guinea, designed to provide conditions as close to its natural habitat as Australia, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Solomon Islands, Fiji and possible and was located in an open area at the University of Samoa). -
Japanese Papilio Butterflies Puddle Using Na Detected by Contact
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Springer - Publisher Connector Naturwissenschaften (2012) 99:985–998 DOI 10.1007/s00114-012-0976-3 ORIGINAL PAPER Japanese Papilio butterflies puddle using Na+ detected by contact chemosensilla in the proboscis Takashi A. Inoue & Tamako Hata & Kiyoshi Asaoka & Tetsuo Ito & Kinuko Niihara & Hiroshi Hagiya & Fumio Yokohari Received: 11 July 2012 /Revised: 1 October 2012 /Accepted: 3 October 2012 /Published online: 9 November 2012 # The Author(s) 2012. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Many butterflies acquire nutrients from non- where the concentrations of K+,Ca2+, and/or Mg2+ were nectar sources such as puddles. To better understand how higher than that of Na+. This suggests that K+,Ca2+, and male Papilio butterflies identify suitable sites for puddling, Mg2+ do not interfere with the detection of Na+ by the Papilio we used behavioral and electrophysiological methods to butterfly. Using an electrophysiological method, tip record- examine the responses of Japanese Papilio butterflies to ings, receptor neurons in contact chemosensilla inside the Na+,K+,Ca2+, and Mg2+. Based on behavioral analyses, proboscis evoked regularly firing impulses to 1, 10, and + + 2+ these butterflies preferred a 10-mM Na solution to K ,Ca , 100 mM NaCl solutions but not to CaCl2 or MgCl2.The and Mg2+ solutions of the same concentration and among a dose–response patterns to the NaCl solutions were different tested range of 1 mM to 1 M NaCl. We also measured the ion among the neurons, which were classified into three types. -
Red List of Bangladesh 2015
Red List of Bangladesh Volume 1: Summary Chief National Technical Expert Mohammad Ali Reza Khan Technical Coordinator Mohammad Shahad Mahabub Chowdhury IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature Bangladesh Country Office 2015 i The designation of geographical entitles in this book and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature concerning the legal status of any country, territory, administration, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The biodiversity database and views expressed in this publication are not necessarily reflect those of IUCN, Bangladesh Forest Department and The World Bank. This publication has been made possible because of the funding received from The World Bank through Bangladesh Forest Department to implement the subproject entitled ‘Updating Species Red List of Bangladesh’ under the ‘Strengthening Regional Cooperation for Wildlife Protection (SRCWP)’ Project. Published by: IUCN Bangladesh Country Office Copyright: © 2015 Bangladesh Forest Department and IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holders, provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holders. Citation: Of this volume IUCN Bangladesh. 2015. Red List of Bangladesh Volume 1: Summary. IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Bangladesh Country Office, Dhaka, Bangladesh, pp. xvi+122. ISBN: 978-984-34-0733-7 Publication Assistant: Sheikh Asaduzzaman Design and Printed by: Progressive Printers Pvt. -
Economic Benefits to Papua New Guinea and Australia from the Biological Control of Banana Skipper (Erionota Thrax)
ECONOMIC BENEFITS TO PAPUA NEW GUINEA AND AUSTRALIA FROM THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF BANANA SKIPPER (ERIONOTA THRAX) ACIAR Project CS2/1988/002-C Doug Waterhouse CSIRO Entomology GPO Box 1700 Canberra ACT 2601 Birribi Dillon and David Vincent Centre for International Economics GPO Box 2203 Canberra ACT 2601 ̈ ACIAR is concerned that the products of its research are adopted by farmers, policy-makers, quarantine officials and others whom its research is designed to help. ̈ In order to monitor the effects of its projects, ACIAR commissions assessments of selected projects, conducted by people independent of ACIAR. This series reports the results of these independent studies. ̈ Communications regarding any aspects of this series should be directed to: The Manager Impact Assessment Program ACIAR GPO Box 1571 Canberra ACT 2601 Australia. ISBN 1 86320 266 8 Editing and design by Arawang Communication Group, Canberra Contents Abstract 5 1. The ACIAR Project 7 This Report 8 2. The Banana Skipper, Control Agents and Leaf Damage 9 The Banana Skipper 9 The Colonisation of Papua New Guinea by E. thrax 11 Control Agents 13 Effects of Leaf Damage 15 3 Project Costs and Benefits 18 Costs 18 Benefits to Papua New Guinea 19 The Value to Australia of the ACIAR Project 25 Increase in Gross Value of Banana Production as a Measure of Welfare Benefit 32 Comparing Benefits with Costs 33 Benefits Which Have Not Been Quantified 33 4 Conclusion 34 Acknowledgment 35 References 36 4 ECONOMIC BENEFITS FROM THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF BANANA SKIPPER Figures -
Butterfly Catalogue January 2004
Insect Farming and Trading Agency: Butterfly Catalogue January 2004 INSECT FARMING AND TRADING AGENCY www.ifta.com.pg PO Box 129 BULOLO, MOROBE PROVINCE PAPUA NEW GUINEA Fax: (+675) 474 5454 Tel: (+675) 474 5285 Email: [email protected] Butterfly Catalogue – all prices are in $US Genus Ornithoptera ........................................................................2 Family Papilionidae ........................................................................4 Genus Pieridae ..............................................................................5 Genus Nymphalidae ........................................................................6 Moths...........................................................................................7 Genus Lycaenidae...........................................................................8 Page 1 of 8 Insect Farming and Trading Agency: Butterfly Catalogue January 2004 Genus Ornithoptera All birdwings are ex. pupae ranched specimens and are sent under appropriate approved CITES permit. They are all sold in pairs, apart from specific male or female variations, though special arrangements maybe available for some orders: please send us any specific requests, and we will deal with them individually. Description Male Female Pair Pairs 10 20 50 Ornithoptera priamus Poseidon 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.50 f.aurago (strongly yellow HWV) 9.00 f.lavata (no yellow on HWV) 6.00 f.brunneus (all black/brown FW) 9.00 f.kirschi (yellow/green) 50.00 f.NN (very pale/white) 9.00 f.triton (single large gold spot) 9.00 f.cronius -
Color-Mediated Foraging by Pollinators: a Comparative Study of Two Passionflower Butterflies at Lantana Camara Gyanpriya Maharaj University of Missouri-St
University of Missouri, St. Louis IRL @ UMSL Dissertations UMSL Graduate Works 12-12-2016 Color-mediated foraging by pollinators: A comparative study of two passionflower butterflies at Lantana camara Gyanpriya Maharaj University of Missouri-St. Louis, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Maharaj, Gyanpriya, "Color-mediated foraging by pollinators: A comparative study of two passionflower butterflies at Lantana camara" (2016). Dissertations. 42. https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation/42 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the UMSL Graduate Works at IRL @ UMSL. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of IRL @ UMSL. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Color-mediated foraging by pollinators: A comparative study of two passionflower butterflies at Lantana camara Gyanpriya Maharaj M.Sc. Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Warwick, 2011 B.Sc. Biology, University of Guyana, 2005 A dissertation submitted to the Graduate School at the University of Missouri-St. Louis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biology with an emphasis in Ecology, Evolution and Systematics December 2016 Advisory Committee Aimee Dunlap, Ph.D (Chairperson) Godfrey Bourne, Ph.D (Co-Chair) Nathan Muchhala, Ph.D Jessica Ware, Ph.D Yuefeng Wu, Ph.D Acknowledgments A Ph.D. does not begin in graduate school, it starts with the encouragement and training you receive before even setting foot into a University. I have always been fortunate to have kind, helpful and brilliant mentors throughout my entire life who have taken the time to support me. -
Do Generalist Tiger Swallowtail Butterfly Females Select Dark
The Great Lakes Entomologist Volume 40 Numbers 1 & 2 - Spring/Summer 2007 Numbers Article 4 1 & 2 - Spring/Summer 2007 April 2007 Do Generalist Tiger Swallowtail Butterfly emalesF Select Dark Green Leaves Over Yellowish – Or Reddish-Green Leaves for Oviposition? Rodrigo J. Mercader Michigan State University Rory Kruithoff Michigan State University J. Mark Scriber Michigan State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Mercader, Rodrigo J.; Kruithoff, Rory; and Scriber, J. Mark 2007. "Do Generalist Tiger Swallowtail Butterfly Females Select Dark Green Leaves Over Yellowish – Or Reddish-Green Leaves for Oviposition?," The Great Lakes Entomologist, vol 40 (1) Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol40/iss1/4 This Peer-Review Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Biology at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Great Lakes Entomologist by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at [email protected]. Mercader et al.: Do Generalist Tiger Swallowtail Butterfly Females Select Dark Gre 2007 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 29 DO GENERALIST TIGER SWALLOWTAIL BUTTERFLY FEMALES SELECT DARK GREEN LEAVES OVER YELLOWISH – OR REDDISH-GREEN LEAVES FOR OVIPOSITION? Rodrigo J. Mercader1, Rory Kruithoff1, and, J. Mark Scriber1, 2 ABSTRACT In late August and September, using leaves from the same branches, the polyphagous North American swallowtail butterfly species Papilio glaucus L. (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) is shown to select mature dark green leaves of their host plants white ash, Fraxinus americana L. (Oleaceae) and tulip tree, Liri- odendron tulipifera L. -
Role of the Osmeterial Gland in Swallowtail Larvae (Papilionidae) in Defense Against an Avian Predator
Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 44(4), 1990, 245-251 ROLE OF THE OSMETERIAL GLAND IN SWALLOWTAIL LARVAE (PAPILIONIDAE) IN DEFENSE AGAINST AN AVIAN PREDATOR ANDREA JO LESLIE 316 N. Fleming Rd., Woodstock, Illinois 60098 AND MAY R. BERENBAUM* Department of Entomology, 320 Morrill Hall, University of Illinois, 505 S. Goodwin, Urbana, Illinois 61801-3795 ABSTRACT. The importance of the osmeterial gland, a universal characteristic of larvae in the Papilionidae, in defense against vertebrate predators has rarely been ex amined. In this study, third and fifth instar larvae of Papilio polyxenes with and without a functional osmeterium were presented to Coturnix coturnix (Japanese quail), a rep resentative avian predator. Virtually all larvae were rejected by C. coturnix irrespective of osmeterial function. Larvae of P. cresphontes with functional osmeteria were also universally rejected by C. coturnix; in contrast, larvae of P. glaucus were readily con sumed. In view of the fact that osmeterial secretions in these three species are similar in composition, they are unlikely to playa major role in determining palatability of these species to this avian predator. Additional key words: Papilio polyxenes, Papilio glaucus, Papilio cresphontes, Co turnix coturnix, palatability. The osmeterium, a Y-shaped eversible gland located mid-dorsally behind the head, is a universal characteristic of swallowtail caterpillars (Papilionidae). Its function has long been assumed to be defensive (Merian 1705, as cited in Crossley & Waterhouse 1969). There is indeed evidence of the efficacy of the osmeterial gland and its secretions against invertebrate predators. Eisner and Meinwald (1965) demonstrated that Papilio machaon L. larvae use osmeterial secretions to deter ant pre dation; Damman (1986) determined that the presence of a functional osmeterial gland of Eurytides marcellus (Cramer) reduces predation by ants and small spiders, and Chow and Tsai (1989) showed that Papilio memnon L. -
Geographical Diversity of Japanese Papilio Butterflies Inferred from the Number of Contact Chemosensillum on the Fifth Foretarsal Segments Takashi A
& E sity nd er a v n i g d e o i r e B d Journal of f S o p l Inoue, J Biodivers Endanger Species 2015, S1:007 e a ISSN: 2332-2543c n r i e u s o J Biodiversity & Endangered Species DOI: 10.4172/2332-2543.S1-007 Research Article Open Access Geographical Diversity of Japanese Papilio Butterflies Inferred from the Number of Contact Chemosensillum on the Fifth Foretarsal Segments Takashi A. Inoue* Japanese National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ôwashi 1–2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan *Corresponding author: Takashi A. Inoue, Japanese National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ôwashi 1– 2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, Tel: +81-29-838-6106; E-mail: [email protected] Received date: August 01, 2015; Accepted date: October 09, 2015; Published date: October 07, 2015 Copyright: © 2015, Inoue TA. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract The numbers of contact chemosensillum on ventral side of fifth foretarsal segments of Japanese Papilio butterflies were determined by scanning electron microscope observation. P. bianor, P. helenus, P. protenor and P. memnon exhibited geographical diversity for this character among mainland Japan, Amami Islands, Okinawa Islands and Yaeyama Islands populations. This characteristic was useful for reconfirming the geographical variations proposed by the wing color patterns and genetic characteristics of each these species. This characteristic also uncovered hidden geographical variations and phylogenetic structures of P. machaon, P. xuthus, P.