DOCSLIB.ORG

People Teaching Research People Teaching Research

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
People Teaching Research People Teaching Research PEOPLE TEACHING RESEARCH PEOPLE TEACHING RESEARCH Charité — excellence in health care CHARITÉ OFFERS OUTSTANDING HEALTH CARE. CHARITÉ’S STAFF MEMBERS DELIVER CLINICAL CARE, RESEARCH, AND TEACHING TO THE HIGH­ EST INTERNATIONAL STANDARD. ALL OF THEIR EFFORTS COMBINE EXCEPTIONAL EXPERTISE WITH SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY. 1 Foreword 6 2 From ‘pest house’ to Europe‘s largest university hospital 8 More than 300 years of making people our purpose — insights into the history of Charité 9 Charité today — a leading health care organization with a social conscience 16 3 Medicine in all its facets — Charité‘s pillars of excellence 24 Highest standards of medical care 25 Nursing competence 28 Excellence in research 30 Cutting-edge concepts in teaching and learning 33 4 Health care priorities and research foci with international recognition 36 Neuroscience 37 Oncology 40 Regenerative therapies 42 Cardiology 45 Immunology 48 Genetics 50 5 Charité‘s strategic networks 52 Cooperative projects with industrial partners — from research innovation to practical application 53 Truly international 55 Charité Foundation — promoting innovation 57 World Health Summit — bringing experts together 59 Berlin Institute of Health — a model facility for translational research 62 6 Charité in numbers 64 Organogram 66 Content 5 1 Foreword Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, which recently marked its 300-year anniversary, Welcome to Charité. For over 300 years, within the social care arena. Aside from is now the largest university hospital in Europe. Throughout its history, Charité has been we have been attracting people and interest, being responsible for the well-being of its dedicated to research, teaching, and medical care. We hope that our brochure ’People — not simply from within the Berlin area and patients, Charité is also actively involved in the rest of Germany, but also from all over supporting victims of violence. In an effort Teaching — Research’ will provide an insight into the numerous facets of our organization. the world. Whether patients, physicians, to find solutions to current and future chal- researchers or nursing staff, people come lenges within the field of medicine, Charité to us because they share a faith in Charité‘s is also leading the current debate on develop- expertise and reputation, both of which were ments within the national and international built on modern treatment methods, inter- health care systems. nationally-renowned research facilities, and innovative teaching concepts. People are at Although intended to provide an insight into the center of everything we do. The well- the various facets that make up Europe‘s being of our patients is our motivation, and lar gest university hospital, this brochure can- we are not happy unless we know you and not claim to provide a true representation of your family members are comfortable. an organization of this size and complexity. We sincerely hope that, after reading this bro- Charité is not merely a center of excellence chure, you will want to discover our strengths in research, teaching and medical care. Within first-hand, and you are hereby cor­­dially invited the wider Berlin-Brandenburg area, Charité to visit us at any time. also acts as a driving force within the health care industry, with many businesses choosing to position themselves nearby, and thus creating a large number of jobs. Charité also acts as a driver of innovation within the life sciences, a role regularly reinforced through its involvement in a diverse range of coopera- tive projects with industrial partners and non-university-based research organizations. Naturally, Charité also plays an important role 6 Foreword 7 From ‘pest house’ to Europe’s 2largest university hospital More than 300 years of making people our purpose — insights into the history of Charité Charité’s long tradition of excellence in medical care, research, and teaching dates back From ’pest house’ to a hospital for the poor Charité, which established itself as the city’s hundreds of years. Time and again, Charité’s outstanding staff members have pioneered new Rather than being driven by ambitions of clini- hospital for the poor, provided care to a wide scientific developments that have been, and continue to be, instrumental to modern medicine. cal excellence, Charité’s foundation (in 1710) range of patients, including soldiers, the poor, was a direct result of a general fear of the unmarried pregnant women, and prostitutes. ‘black death’, which was gradually advancing Overuse and overcrowding soon led to a Its history, stretching back more than three hundred years, has become intricately linked toward Berlin from Northeastern Europe. In marked decline in the quality of medical care with that of Berlin, Germany, and Europe. Having been shaped by political, societal, and social response to the threat of an epidemic, King available; modifications were necessary. influences and developments, Charité’s history, makes for a particularly interesting read. Frederick I, King of Prussia, ordered a ‘pest 1785 marked the beginning of construction house’ to be built outside the Berlin city walls, work on an imposing new building. A further Today, Charité is the largest university hospital in Europe, and enjoys an outstanding inter- which would serve as an isolation unit for extension to this building, which was con- national reputation within the fields of both medicine and academia. anyone infected with the disease. structed in the style of the late Baroque era, was added in 1834. Although the disease was highly contagious, Berlin managed to escape unscathed, leaving Charité’s first Golden Age a search to find a new use for the now During the same period, the delivery of super­­­fluous pest house. Initially, the building medical care also became more professional. was used both as a home for the poor and Initially, army physicians were assisted by a military hospital for ill and injured soldiers. former patients — an arrangement that In 1726, a district medical officer by the name allowed patients to pay off the cost of their of Christian Habermaass suggested to the hospital stay and treatment. This situation king that the building could be converted into changed in 1832 with the foundation of a care home for the poor. As the move would Charité’s School of Nursing, which led to also allow army physicians to gain some the use of trained nursing staff. desperately needed clinical experience, King Frederick I agreed. As part of a move that Medical training also improved. Prior to 1810, would grant the institution tax-free status, and the transfer of medical training to the the king named the building Charité — after higher education sector, all of Charité’s phy - the French word for ‘compassion’. sicians were practice-oriented professionals 8 From ‘pest house’ to Europe’s largest university hospital 9 Selmar Aschheim Heinrich Adolf von Bardeleben Emil Adolf von Behring Carl August Wilhelm Berends Ernst von Bergmann who relied on, and were guided by, building and renovation program. Con- Gustav Bergmann their own professional experience. The first struction lasted until 1917, and resulted in the August Bier training course offered by the newly-founded iconic red brick hospital complex that is still a Theodor Billroth University of Berlin (now Humboldt-Universi- characteristic feature of the Charité’s Berlin- Hans Erhard Bock Karl Bonhoeffer tät zu Berlin) attracted a total of 117 new Mitte campus, and which covers 133,000 Ernst Boris Chain students in its first semester. square meters (nearly 1.5 million square feet). Paul Ehrlich During the first third of the 20th Century, im- Emil Fischer Werner Forßmann The event also marked the beginning of proved treatment conditions allowed Charité Käte Frankenthal Charité’s triumphant successes within the to develop into a modern general hospital. Albrecht von Graefe field of research. Many famous researchers Since then, patients from all walks of life have Wilhelm Griesinger (including, at a later stage, female scientists) placed their trust in the hospital’s services Hermann Gutzmann Hermann Gutzmann jr. made groundbreaking discoveries while and expertise. Hermann von working at Charité — invaluable contributions Helmholtz th Herbert Herxheimer to both its growing international reputation Charité during the 20 Century — Otto Heubner and the history of modern medicine. The history reflected Rahel Hirsch years between 1840 and 1920 represent The hospital’s first Golden Age was followed Magnus Hirschfeld a first Golden Age in the history of Charité, by the darkest chapter in German history. Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland and include the contributions of eminent The Nazi era spelled disaster for the German Robert Koch researchers such as the pathologist Rudolf scientific community and cultural life in Albrecht Kossel Friedrich Kraus Virchow, the physician Ludwig Traube, the general. Charité did not escape untarnished. Hans Adolf Krebs psychiatrist Wilhelm Griesinger, and the ‘Racial hygiene’ measures and ‘political Bernhard von internist Rahel Hirsch. The groundbreaking reasons’ led to the dismissal of at least Langenbeck Paul Langerhans discoveries by Nobel Prize laureates Emil 145 physicians and scientists across Charité, Ernst von Leyden von Behring, Paul Ehrlich, and Robert Koch including Selmar Aschheim and Bernhard Fritz Albert Lipmann are also intricately linked with Charité’s Zondek, two internationally-renowned gyne- Leonor Michaelis Willoughby Dayton Miller history. In total, Charité can lay claim to more cologists
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Kraepelinian Tradition Paul Hoff, MD, Phd
    Clinical research The Kraepelinian tradition Paul Hoff, MD, PhD Introduction n the 21st century, Emil Kraepelin’s views remain a majorI point of reference, especially regarding nosol- ogy and research strategies in psychiatry. However, the “neo-Kraepelinian” perspective has also been criticized substantially in recent years, the nosological dichotomy Emil Kraepelin (1856–1926) was an influential figure in of schizophrenic and affective psychoses being a focus the history of psychiatry as a clinical science. This pa- of this criticism. A thorough knowledge and balanced per, after briefly presenting his biography, discusses interpretation of Kraepelin’s work as it developed along- the conceptual foundations of his concept of mental side the nine editions of his textbook (published between illness and follows this line of thought through to late 1883 and 1927)1 is indispensable for a profound under- 20th-century “Neo-Kraepelinianism,” including recent standing of this important debate, and for its further de- criticism, particularly of the nosological dichotomy of velopment beyond the historical perspective. endogenous psychoses. Throughout his professional life, Kraepelin put emphasis on establishing psychiatry A brief biography as a clinical science with a strong empirical background. He preferred pragmatic attitudes and arguments, thus Emil Kraepelin was born in Neustrelitz (Mecklenburg, underestimating the philosophical presuppositions of West Pomerania, Germany) on February 15, 1856. He his work. As for nosology, his central hypothesis is the studied medicine in Leipzig and Wuerzburg from 1874 un- existence and scientific accessibility of “natural disease til 1878. He worked as a guest student at the psychiatric entities” (“natürliche Krankheitseinheiten”) in psychi- hospital in Wuerzburg under the directorship of Franz von atry.
    [Show full text]
  • Single Molecule Enzymology À La Michaelis-Menten
    Single molecule enzymology à la Michaelis-Menten Ramon Grima1, Nils G. Walter2 and Santiago Schnell3* 1 School of Biological Sciences and SynthSys, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK 2 Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA 3 Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, and Brehm Center for Diabetes Research, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA * To whom the correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected] Review article accepted for publication to FEBS Journal special issue on Enzyme Kinetics and Allosteric Regulation 1 Abstract In the past one hundred years, deterministic rate equations have been successfully used to infer enzyme-catalysed reaction mechanisms and to estimate rate constants from reaction kinetics experiments conducted in vitro. In recent years, sophisticated experimental techniques have been developed that allow the measurement of enzyme- catalysed and other biopolymer-mediated reactions inside single cells at the single molecule level. Time course data obtained by these methods are considerably noisy because molecule numbers within cells are typically quite small. As a consequence, the interpretation and analysis of single cell data requires stochastic methods, rather than deterministic rate equations. Here we concisely review both experimental and theoretical techniques which enable single molecule analysis with particular emphasis on the major developments in the field of theoretical stochastic enzyme kinetics, from its inception in the mid-twentieth century to its modern day status. We discuss the differences between stochastic and deterministic rate equation models, how these depend on enzyme molecule numbers and substrate inflow into the reaction compartment and how estimation of rate constants from single cell data is possible using recently developed stochastic approaches.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comprehensive Curriculum of the History of Regional Anesthesia
    University of Massachusetts Medical School eScholarship@UMMS Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Publications Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine 2019-09-18 A Comprehensive Curriculum of The History of Regional Anesthesia Gustavo Angaramo University of Massachusetts Medical School Et al. Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Follow this and additional works at: https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/anesthesiology_pubs Part of the Anesthesia and Analgesia Commons, Anesthesiology Commons, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine Commons, and the Medical Education Commons Repository Citation Angaramo G, Savage J, Arcella D, Desai MS. (2019). A Comprehensive Curriculum of The History of Regional Anesthesia. Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Publications. Retrieved from https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/anesthesiology_pubs/193 Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. This material is brought to you by eScholarship@UMMS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Publications by an authorized administrator of eScholarship@UMMS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Research Article A Comprehensive Curriculum of The History of Regional Anesthesia This article was published in the following Scient Open Access Journal: Journal of Clinical Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Received August 30, 2019; Accepted September 12, 2019; Published September 18, 2019 1 Gustavo Angaramo , James Savage, Abstract David Arcella and Manisha S. Desai1* Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative The study of the past with regards to medical history has been an underemphasized Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical component of the medical school curriculum for several reasons. School, Worcester, Massachusetts.
    [Show full text]
  • Covalent Modification of Reduced Flavin Mononucleotide in Type-2 Isopentenyl Diphosphate Isomerase by Active-Site-Directed Inhibitors
    Covalent modification of reduced flavin mononucleotide in type-2 isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase by active-site-directed inhibitors Takuya Nagaia,1, Hideaki Unnob,1, Matthew Walter Janczakc,1, Tohru Yoshimuraa, C. Dale Poulterc,2, and Hisashi Hemmia,2 aDepartment of Applied Molecular Bioscience, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan; bDivision of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; and cDepartment of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East RM2020, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 Contributed by C. Dale Poulter, October 11, 2011 (sent for review July 9, 2011) Evidence for an unusual catalysis of protonation/deprotonation by not detect signals for putative radical intermediates (9). Attempts a reduced flavin mononucleotide cofactor is presented for type-2 to inhibit the enzyme by incubation with a cyclopropyl analogue isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase (IDI-2), which catalyzes isomer- of IPP, designed to rearrange to a homoallylic structure by a ization of the two fundamental building blocks of isoprenoid bio- radical clock mechanism, were unsuccessful (12, 13). Instead, the synthesis, isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate. analogue was an alternate substrate that isomerized to the cor- The covalent adducts formed between irreversible mechanism- responding DMAPP derivative without a cyclopropylcarbinyl- based inhibitors, 3-methylene-4-penten-1-yl diphosphate or 3-oxi- homoallyl radical rearrangement. ranyl-3-buten-1-yl diphosphate, and the flavin cofactor were inves- Mechanism-based inhibitors of IDI-1, which are activated by tigated by X-ray crystallography and UV-visible spectroscopy. Both protonation of epoxide and diene moieties in these compounds, the crystal structures of IDI-2 binding the flavin-inhibitor adduct – and the UV-visible spectra of the adducts indicate that the covalent also inactivate IDI-2 (12 15).
    [Show full text]
  • Maud Menten, a Physician and Biochemist
    Maud Menten Canadian medical researcher Maud Menten (1879-1960) has been called the "grandmother of biochemistry," a "radical feminist 1920s flapper," and a "petite dynamo." Not only was she an author of Michaelis-Menten equation for enzyme kinetics (like the plot in indigo in my portrait), she invented the azo-dye coupling for alkaline phosphatase, the first example of enzyme histochemistry, still used in histochemistry imaging of tissues today (which inspired the histology background of the portrait), and she also performed the first electrophoretic separation of blood haemoglobin in 1944! Born in Port Lambton, Ontario, she studied at the University of Toronto, earning her bachelor's in 1904, and then graduated from medical school (M.B., bachelor's of medicine) in 1907. She published her first paper with Archibald Macallum, the Professor of Physiology at U of T (who went on to set up the National Research Council of Canada), on the distribution of chloride ions in nerve cells in 1906. She worked a year at the Rockefeller Institute in New York, where along with Simon Flexner, first director of the Institute, she co-authored a book on radium bromide and cancer, the first publication produced by the Institute - barely 10 years after Marie Curie had discovered radium. She completed the first of two fellowships at Western Reserve University (now Case Western Reserve University), then she earned a doctorate in medical research in 1911 at U of T. She was one of the first Canadian women to earn such an advanced medical degree. She then moved to Berlin (travelling by boat, unfazed by the recent sinking of the Titanic) to work with Leonor Michaelis.
    [Show full text]
  • The Agnew Clinic, an 1889 Oil Painting by American Artist Thomas Eakins
    Antisepsis and women in surgery 12 The Gross ClinicThe, byPharos Thomas/Winter Eakins, 2019 1875. Photo by Geoffrey Clements/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images The Agnew Clinic, an 1889 oil painting by American artist Thomas Eakins. Universal History Archive/UIG via Getty images Don K. Nakayama, MD, MBA Dr. Nakayama (AΩA, University of California, San Francisco, Los Angeles, 1986, Alumnus), emeritus professor of history 1977) is Professor, Department of Surgery, University of of medicine at Johns Hopkins, referring to Joseph Lister North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC. (1827–1912), pioneer in the use of antiseptics in surgery. The interpretation fits so well that each surgeon risks he Gross Clinic (1875) and The Agnew Clinic (1889) being consigned to a period of surgery to which neither by Thomas Eakins (1844–1916) face each other in belongs; Samuel D. Gross (1805–1884), to the dark age of the Philadelphia Museum of Art, in a hall large surgery, patients screaming during operations performed TenoughT to accommodate the immense canvases. The sub- without anesthesia, and suffering slow, agonizing deaths dued lighting in the room emphasizes Eakins’s dramatic use from hospital gangrene, and D. Hayes Agnew (1818–1892), of light. The dark background and black frock coats worn by to the modern era of aseptic surgery. In truth, Gross the doctors in The Gross Clinic emphasize the illuminated was an innovator on the vanguard of surgical practice. head and blood-covered fingers of the surgeon, and a bleed- Agnew, as lead consultant in the care of President James ing gash in pale flesh, barely recognizable as a human thigh.
    [Show full text]
  • Cardiac Surgery
    Gerhard Ziemer Axel Haverich Editors Cardiac Surgery Operations on the Heart and Great Vessels in Adults and Children 123 Cardiac Surgery Gerhard Ziemer Axel Haverich Editors Cardiac Surgery Operations on the Heart and Great Vessels in Adults and Children Editors Gerhard Ziemer Axel Haverich Department of Surgery HTTG - Surgery The University of Chicago Medizinische Hochschule Hannover Chicago, IL Hannover USA Germany ISBN 978-3-662-52670-5 ISBN 978-3-662-52672-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-52672-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017939170 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made.
    [Show full text]
  • Leonor Michaelis and Maud Leonora Menten Celebrating 100 Years of the Michaelis–Menten Equation
    ARTICLE-IN-A-BOX Leonor Michaelis and Maud Leonora Menten Celebrating 100 years of the Michaelis–Menten Equation Leonor Michaelis was an honoured German biochemist and Maud Leonora Menten an honoured Canadian pathologist, during the nineteenth century. Though Michaelis sustained his interest in enzymology and biochemistry, Menten moved to pathology and became a renowned pathologist later in her career. The research collaboration of Michaelis and Menten was phenomenal resulting in the celebrated ‘Michaelis–Menten Equation’. Michaelis and Menten’s classic paper titled ‘Die Kinetik der Invertin wirkung’, published in Biochemische Zeitschrift in 1913 marks its centenary this year. This seminal paper which proved vital for the teaching of enzyme kinetics, was acknowledged with so much appreciation and attention that no textbook in biology for undergraduate and graduate students across the world is complete without a discussion of the Michaelis–Menten Equation. An earlier paper by Victor Henri and Brown lacked one important insight which was reported by Michaelis and Menten: that insight was the analysis of reaction in terms of the initial rate. Michaelis and Menten introduced the concept of measuring the initial activity of the enzyme by mixing it with substrate so that product accumulation would not inhibit the activity. Leonor Michaelis (1875–1949) Leonor Michaelis was born in Berlin, Germany on January 16, 1875. He graduated from the ‘humanistic’ Koellnisches Gymnasium in 1893. This gymnasium was special as unlike the other humanistic gymnasiums, it also included chemistry and physics labs which were not in general use and it was only the keen initiative of two professors that enabled interested students learn the subjects.
    [Show full text]
  • Homenagem a August Karl Gustav Bier Por Ocasião Dos 100 Anos Da
    Rev Bras Anestesiol ARTIGO DIVERSO 2008; 58: 4: 409-424 MISCELLANEOUS Homenagem a August Karl Gustav Bier por Ocasião dos 100 Anos da Anestesia Regional Intravenosa e dos 110 Anos da Raquianestesia* Eulogy to August Karl Gustav Bier on the 100th Anniversary of Intravenous Regional Block and the 110th Anniversary of the Spinal Block Almiro dos Reis Jr, TSA1 RESUMO Unitermos: ANESTESIA, Regional: subaracnóidea, venosa; Reis Jr. A — Homenagem a August Karl Gustav Bier por Ocasião dos ANESTESIOLOGIA: história. 100 Anos da Anestesia Regional Intravenosa e dos 110 Anos da Raquianestesia SUMMARY JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: August Karl Gustav Bier foi o in- Reis Jr A — Eulogy to August Karl Gustav Bier on the 100th Anni- trodutor de duas importantes técnicas de anestesia regional: a versary of Intravenous Regional Block and the 110th Anniversary of anestesia regional intravenosa e a anestesia subaracnóidea, Spinal Block. ambas até hoje amplamente empregadas. Completando neste ano de 2008 a primeira delas 100 anos e a segunda 110 anos de exis- BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: August Karl Gustav Bier in- tência, seria mais do que justo prestarmos uma homenagem ao no- troduced two important techniques in regional block: intravenous tável médico que as criou. regional block and subarachnoid block, widely used nowadays. Since the first one celebrates its 100th anniversary and the second CONTEÚDO: O texto relata os dados familiares, estudantis inici- its 110th anniversary, it is only fair that we pay homage to this ex- ais, do curso acadêmico e da residência médica, as atividades pro- traordinary physician who created them. fissionais e universitárias, a personalidade, a aposentadoria e o falecimento de A.
    [Show full text]
  • Nobel Laureate Surgeons
    Literature Review World Journal of Surgery and Surgical Research Published: 12 Mar, 2020 Nobel Laureate Surgeons Jayant Radhakrishnan1* and Mohammad Ezzi1,2 1Department of Surgery and Urology, University of Illinois, USA 2Department of Surgery, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia Abstract This is a brief account of the notable contributions and some foibles of surgeons who have won the Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine since it was first awarded in 1901. Keywords: Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine; Surgical Nobel laureates; Pathology and surgery Introduction The Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine has been awarded to 219 scientists in the last 119 years. Eleven members of this illustrious group are surgeons although their awards have not always been for surgical innovations. Names of these surgeons with the year of the award and why they received it are listed below: Emil Theodor Kocher - 1909: Thyroid physiology, pathology and surgery. Alvar Gullstrand - 1911: Path of refracted light through the ocular lens. Alexis Carrel - 1912: Methods for suturing blood vessels and transplantation. Robert Barany - 1914: Function of the vestibular apparatus. Frederick Grant Banting - 1923: Extraction of insulin and treatment of diabetes. Alexander Fleming - 1945: Discovery of penicillin. Walter Rudolf Hess - 1949: Brain mapping for control of internal bodily functions. Werner Theodor Otto Forssmann - 1956: Cardiac catheterization. Charles Brenton Huggins - 1966: Hormonal control of prostate cancer. OPEN ACCESS Joseph Edward Murray - 1990: Organ transplantation. *Correspondence: Shinya Yamanaka-2012: Reprogramming of mature cells for pluripotency. Jayant Radhakrishnan, Department of Surgery and Urology, University of Emil Theodor Kocher (August 25, 1841 to July 27, 1917) Illinois, 1502, 71st, Street Darien, IL Kocher received the award in 1909 “for his work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the 60561, Chicago, Illinois, USA, thyroid gland” [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Femoral Nerve Blocks
    Femoral Nerve Blocks Julie Ronnebaum, DPT, GCS, CEEAA Objectives 1. Become familiar with the evolution of peripheral nerve blocks. 2. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of femoral nerve blocks 3. Identify up-to-date information on the use of femoral nerve block. 4. Recognize future implications. History of Anesthesia The use of anesthetics began over 160 years ago. General Anesthesia In 1845, Horace Wells used nitrous oxide gas during a tooth extraction 1st- public introduction of general anesthesia October 16, 1846. Known as “Ether Day” ( William Morton) In front of audience at Massachusetts General Hospital First reported deat h in 1847 due to the ether Other complications Inttouctoroduction to eteteher was ppoogerolonged Vomiting for hours to days after surgery Schatsky, 1995, Hardy, 2001 History of Anesthesia In 1874, morphine introduced as a pain killer. In 1884, August Freund discovers cy clopropane for surgery Problem is it is very flammable In 1898, heroin was introduced for the addiction to morphine In 1923 Arno Luckhardt administered ethylene oxygen for an anesthetic History of Anesthesia Society History of Anesthesia Alternatives to general anesthesia In the 1800’s Cocaine used by the Incas and Conquistadors 1845, Sir Francis Rynd applied a morphine solution directly to the nerve to relieve intractable neuralgg(ia. ( first recorded nerve block) Delivered it by gravity into a cannula In 1855, Alexander Wood is a glass syringe to deliver the medication for a nerve block. ( also known as regg)ional anesthesia) In 1868 a Peruvian surgeon discovered that if you inject cocaine into the skin it numbed it. In 1884, Karl Koller discovered cocaine could be used to anesthetized the eye of a frog.
    [Show full text]
  • Gerald Edelman - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
    Gerald Edelman - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history Gerald Edelman From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Main page Gerald Maurice Edelman (born July 1, 1929) is an Contents American biologist who shared the 1972 Nobel Prize in Gerald Maurice Edelman Featured content Physiology or Medicine for work with Rodney Robert Born July 1, 1929 (age 83) Current events Porter on the immune system.[1] Edelman's Nobel Prize- Ozone Park, Queens, New York Nationality Random article winning research concerned discovery of the structure of American [2] Fields Donate to Wikipedia antibody molecules. In interviews, he has said that the immunology; neuroscience way the components of the immune system evolve over Alma Ursinus College, University of Interaction the life of the individual is analogous to the way the mater Pennsylvania School of Medicine Help components of the brain evolve in a lifetime. There is a Known for immune system About Wikipedia continuity in this way between his work on the immune system, for which he won the Nobel Prize, and his later Notable Nobel Prize in Physiology or Community portal work in neuroscience and in philosophy of mind. awards Medicine in 1972 Recent changes Contact Wikipedia Contents [hide] Toolbox 1 Education and career 2 Nobel Prize Print/export 2.1 Disulphide bonds 2.2 Molecular models of antibody structure Languages 2.3 Antibody sequencing 2.4 Topobiology 3 Theory of consciousness Беларуская 3.1 Neural Darwinism Български 4 Evolution Theory Català 5 Personal Deutsch 6 See also Español 7 References Euskara 8 Bibliography Français 9 Further reading 10 External links Hrvatski Ido Education and career [edit] Bahasa Indonesia Italiano Gerald Edelman was born in 1929 in Ozone Park, Queens, New York to Jewish parents, physician Edward Edelman, and Anna Freedman Edelman, who worked in the insurance industry.[3] After עברית Kiswahili being raised in New York, he attended college in Pennsylvania where he graduated magna cum Nederlands laude with a B.S.
    [Show full text]