S S symmetry Review A New Generation of Neutrino Cross Section Experiments: Challenges and Opportunities Antonio Branca 1,* , Giulia Brunetti 1 , Andrea Longhin 2,3 , Marco Martini 4,5 , Fabio Pupilli 3 and Francesco Terranova 1 1 Department of Physics, University of Milano Bicocca and INFN, 20126 Milano, Italy;
[email protected] (G.B.);
[email protected] (F.T.) 2 Department of Physics, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy;
[email protected] 3 INFN Sezione di Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy;
[email protected] 4 Institut Polytechnique des Sciences Avancées (IPSA), DRII, 94200 Ivry-sur-Seine, France;
[email protected] 5 Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France * Correspondence:
[email protected] Abstract: Our knowledge of neutrino cross sections at the GeV scale, instrumental to test CP sym- metry violation in the leptonic sector, has grown substantially in the last two decades. Still, their precision and understanding are far from the standard needed in contemporary neutrino physics. Nowadays, the knowledge of the neutrino cross section at O(10%) causes the main systematic un- certainty in oscillation experiments and jeopardizes their physics reach. In this paper, we envision the opportunities for a new generation of cross section experiments to be run in parallel with DUNE and HyperKamiokande. We identify the most prominent physics goals by looking at the theory and Citation: Branca, A.; Brunetti, G.; experimental limitations of the previous generation of experiments. We highlight the priorities in Longhin, A.; Martini, M.; Pupilli, F.; the theoretical understanding of GeV cross sections and the experimental challenges of this new Terranova, F.