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Spring | Summer 2019 OKLAHOMA HUMANITIES Culture | Issues | Ideas JusticeJustice Oklahoma Humanities Forges Ahead Our Board of Trustees is currently to collaborate. I’ve learned so much from in the process of searching for our orga- those relationships. I’ve also met many, nization’s next Executive Director. I’ll be many scholars whose dedication to their retiring in August after thirteen years of fields of expertise can only be described heading a most remarkable organization. as amazing. Whether through our own Oklahoma Humanities is a gem. Since administered programs or community 1971, it has recognized our need for grant projects, these individuals are the robust scholarship that helps us navigate crux of our mission. ANN THOMPSON a complex world and has steadfastly It is with real gratitude that I also responded by providing the general recognize the many supporters of our Executive Director public with opportunities to learn and organization over its long history. As gain new perspectives. Executive Director I see each donation I could never have imagined how and I am always touched that others rewarding my time here would be. Not in our state are dedicated to this same only have I personally benefitted from idea that we are better people when we the outstanding content of our programs, come together to learn and discuss. I but I have also worked with extraordinary know Oklahoma Humanities will be in people. These have included dedicated good hands going forward and it will members of our Board of Trustees and continue to serve Oklahomans for many staff, and my colleagues from other orga- years to come. It’s been a gift to serve. nizations with whom I’ve had the pleasure Thank you! Few will have the greatness to bend history itself; but each of us can work to change a small portion of the events, and in the total of all these acts will be written the history of this generation. Each time a man stands up for an ideal, or acts to improve the lot of others, or strikes out against injustice, he sends forth a tiny ripple of hope, and crossing each other from a million different centers of energy and daring those ripples build a current which can sweep down the mightiest walls of oppression and resistance.—Bobby Kennedy OKLAHOMA CONTENTS JUSTICE HUMANITIES SPRING | SUMMER 2019 | VOL. 12, NO. 1 Culture | Issues | Ideas 7 EXCERPT: A PERILOUS PATH A conversation with Bryan Stevenson. Interview by Anthony C. Thompson 11 BENDING THE ARC OF THE MORAL UNIVERSE Martin Luther King, Jr., embraced the label of extremist. By Hasan Kwame Jeffries 15 POETRY: REFLECTIONS ON JUSTICE By Paul Bowers and Dorothy Alexander 16 TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD Harper Lee's shifting views of justice. By Paul Lehman 19 BETWEEN YOU AND ME Oklahoma—first in mass incarceration. By Ryan Gentzler 23 POETIC JUSTICE Ellen Stackable on taking poetry to prison. Interview by Julie Ann Ward 26 POETIC JUSTICE: THE POEMS Writing by women in Oklahoma prisons. 30 UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES How the Supreme Court shaped federal Indian policy. By Lindsay G. Robertson 35 JUSTICE LIKE WATER “Social” and “justice” create community. By Harold Shank 39 QUILT OF DEMOCRACY Clara Luper’s vantage still rings true. Interview by Paul Lehman IN EVERY ISSUE 2 From the Executive Director 4 Post: Mail | Social Media | Messages 6 The Editor’s Desk 46 Noteworthy: OH Board News ON THE COVER: MLK, Derek Russell. derekrussellartist.com Allegory of Justice, Francesco Fontebasso, 1745. Louvre Museum [PD] Wikimedia Commons OKLAHOMA HUMANITIES 3 POST Mail | Social Media | Messages [Thanks to Libby Thomas-Wheat for What a fascinating and, may I say, gorgeous Reader Feedback sending us the following true humanities publication! Kudos to you. This journal love story, and a lesson in civil discussion, is clearly the work of some very talented in memory of her late husband. Among folks. a lifetime of accomplishments, Dr. Willis —Dr. Kevin K. Shortsleeve, Wheat was Dean of the OCU Meinders Christopher Newport University School of Business and served as president of the Oklahoma Centennial Commission. He was awarded the Purple On Reading Oklahoma Humanities Heart and Bronze Stars for military The preliminary results of our 2018 service in WWII and the Korean War.] Readers’ Survey are too good to keep Today is Willis’s birthday and I want quiet. We’ll have a fuller report in our Fall/ to remember him by contributing to Winter 2019 issue, but in the meantime, Oklahoma Humanities. When I first here’s what readers are saying about our met him, the good Dr. Wheat would at times read a clip or two from the “nice little magazine with big ideas.” Humanities NEH magazine. We had long • In a fragmented world with too many philosophic discussions. He thought I had choices in media that lack substance, great perspective but always “bested” this magazine offers readers excellent me, not by his reasoning but his quiet, writing, scholarship, and topics that relaxed method of presenting his view. add to the conversations we need for a Happy birthday to Willis J. Wheat. functioning community. The magazine —Libby Thomas-Wheat, contributes to our personal, continuing Oklahoma City education which extends through us A quick note to tell you how much I am to our children and grandchildren. enjoying the stories in the CURIOSITY This magazine gives me hope for the issue. The story about the research into future, hope for our democracy. the origins of Oklahoma’s first state flag • It encourages thinking about, rather was especially interesting. I told my family than just reacting to, current events. all about it. They were equally intrigued to I always find something from the learn the flag’s designer was from Stillwater. magazine to talk about with family I am a new addition to your mailing and friends. list, having signed up during the Killers • After reading it, I feel well-informed of the Flower Moon community reading because of the depth of the coverage. event in Stillwater that OH co-sponsored. It also provides links to additional infor- Consider me a fan! mation which I have used to further my —Lyndall Stout, SUNUP-TV Host & knowledge of the topic. Executive Producer, Oklahoma • I find out about Oklahoma in a way that State University I’m not given in any other medium. Its high quality and truthfulness and wit I was just reading the lovely new issue are what make me come back for more of your magazine and wanted to say I Oklahoma Humanities. especially liked Mark Alexander’s piece on • Unbiased viewpoints. Not many Okla- coded hate speech. homa publications do that. Also well —David Skinner, Editor, Humanities researched and written. magazine, National Endowment • It is simply well done, well written, and for the Humanities worthy of my time. As usual, you do not disappoint me— • Breadth of interests, erudition, quality SEND YOUR IDEAS, opinions, and suggestions. truly enjoyed the issue on CURIOSITY. of writers, great graphics/layout. By Email the editor, [email protected], or Thank you for piquing my curiosity. far the highest production values of comment via Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram. —Pat Capra, Oklahoma City any Oklahoma publication! 4 SPRING | SUMMER 2019 | JUSTICE Smithsonian Institution OKLAHOMA HUMANITIES OKLAHOMA Culture | Issues | Ideas HUMANITIES EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Ann Thompson [email protected] EDITOR Carla Walker [email protected] PROGRAM OFFICER Kelly Burns [email protected] PROGRAM OFFICER Christopher Carroll [email protected] ADMINISTRATIVE COORDINATOR Lisa Wood [email protected] DEVELOPMENT OFFICER Siobhan Morava [email protected] Oklahoma Humanities magazine is published biannually (March and September) by Oklahoma Humanities (OH), 424 Colcord Dr., Suite E, Oklahoma City, OK 73102, (405) 235-0280, [email protected]. See pages 46-48 for information on the OH organization, board of trustees, grants, and programs. Our DIVE INTO WATER/WAYS, a traveling exhibition from the Smithsonian privacy policy is posted on our website. Institution’s Museum on Main Street that reflects on the relationship between Oklahoma Humanities magazine is an people and water. It explores the centrality of water in our lives, including award-winning collection of culture, issues, and ideas—a rich mix of humanities scholarship, its effect on the environment and climate, its practical role in agriculture insightful narratives, informed opinions, and and economic planning, and its impact on culture and spirituality. beautiful images, for a read that is smart, balanced, educational, and entertaining. Subscribe online: okhumanities.org or call (405) 235-0280. EXHIBIT TOUR Oklahoma Humanities magazine is free of advocacy and advertising. It is distributed NORMAN LOCUST GROVE ALTUS as free educational programming via two-year Ingram’s Custom Rods Museum of the subscriptions, rotated annually to serve as Norman Public Library East many Oklahomans as possible. The magazine 3051 Alameda Street 201 E. Main Street Western Prairie is supported by donors, like you. To continue (405) 217-0070 (918) 530-1902 1100 Memorial Drive your print subscription beyond two free years, make a gift of support (use enclosed envelope 6/29/2019 – 8/18/2019 10/21/2019 – 12/8/2019 (580) 482-1044 or visit okhumanities.org/donate) or contact us 2/17/2020 – 4/12/2020 and request continued free mailings. Back issues ADA HEAVENER of Oklahoma Humanities are archived on our website. Reading group and classroom use is Ada Public Library Heavener Runestone Park EXPLORE ONLINE encouraged. Other reproduction requires written 124 S. Rennie 18365 Runestone Road Museumonmainstreet.org permission. Contact: [email protected]. (918) 653-2241 Oklahoma Humanities awards include (580) 436-8125 thirty-one Oklahoma Society of Professional 8/26/2019 – 10/13/2019 12/16/2019 – 2/9/2020 Journalists awards, including multiple first place honors for Best Writing, Best Cover, and Best PR Publication; eight Great Plains Journalism Water/Ways has been made possible in Oklahoma by Oklahoma Humanities.