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Title of Thesis: ABSTRACT CLASSIFYING BIAS
ABSTRACT Title of Thesis: CLASSIFYING BIAS IN LARGE MULTILINGUAL CORPORA VIA CROWDSOURCING AND TOPIC MODELING Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang Thesis Directed By: Dr. David Zajic, Ph.D. Our project extends previous algorithmic approaches to finding bias in large text corpora. We used multilingual topic modeling to examine language-specific bias in the English, Spanish, and Russian versions of Wikipedia. In particular, we placed Spanish articles discussing the Cold War on a Russian-English viewpoint spectrum based on similarity in topic distribution. We then crowdsourced human annotations of Spanish Wikipedia articles for comparison to the topic model. Our hypothesis was that human annotators and topic modeling algorithms would provide correlated results for bias. However, that was not the case. Our annotators indicated that humans were more perceptive of sentiment in article text than topic distribution, which suggests that our classifier provides a different perspective on a text’s bias. CLASSIFYING BIAS IN LARGE MULTILINGUAL CORPORA VIA CROWDSOURCING AND TOPIC MODELING by Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Gemstone Honors Program, University of Maryland, 2018 Advisory Committee: Dr. David Zajic, Chair Dr. Brian Butler Dr. Marine Carpuat Dr. Melanie Kill Dr. Philip Resnik Mr. Ed Summers © Copyright by Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang 2018 Acknowledgements We would like to express our sincerest gratitude to our mentor, Dr. -
02 Intro.Indd
AUGUST 1991 Introduction: Coup de Grâce? Ann E. Robertson The collapse of the Soviet N August 4, 1991, Soviet president Mikhail Gor- Obachev left for the Crimea, to relax at his newly con- Union was the product of a structed dacha in Foros. Russian president Boris Yeltsin retired to his dacha, a two-story building outside Moscow. multifaceted struggle for power Both leaders planned to return to work by August 20 to between the center (Moscow) sign a controversial new Union treaty. At the same time, opponents of the treaty were meet- and the extensive periphery. ing in secret near Moscow, debating whether to pre-empt the ceremony. These men held high-ranking positions in The August putsch was the all-Union institutions, such as the military, police, and critical tipping point at which intelligence services, and their power bases would be drastically reduced under the new confederal union. With the advantage shifted from the August 20 deadline looming, they resolved to seize power, overthrow Gorbachev, and preserve the Soviet Gorbachev to Yeltsin. Union. They failed on all counts. After the attempted coup failed, the editors of Problems of Communism solicited contributions for a special issue focusing on the August events. Starting from the assump- tion that “the swift, bloodless collapse of this abortive ‘state of emergency’ accelerated the very processes that the plotters hoped to block or reverse and effectively administered the coup de grâce to seven decades of Bol- shevik rule,”1 seven noted scholars were asked to analyze the August events and “reflect on the political, economic, social, and foreign policy ramifications of the disintegra- tion of the Soviet Union.”2 Their studies covered events through mid-October, when the November/December 1991 issue went to press. -
The Fifteenth Anniversary of the End of the Soviet Union: Recollections and Perspectives Conference Proceedings Edited by Markian Dobczansky
The Fifteenth Anniversary of the End of the Soviet Union: Recollections and Perspectives Conference Proceedings Edited by Markian Dobczansky Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars OCCASIONAL PAPER #299 KENNAN One Woodrow Wilson Plaza 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW INSTITUTE Washington, DC 20004-3027 Tel. (202) 691-4100 Fax (202) 691-4247 www.wilsoncenter.org/kennan ISBN 1-933549-34-3 The Kennan Institute is a division of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Through its programs of residential scholarships, meetings, and publications, the Institute encourages scholarship on the successor states to the Soviet Union, embracing a broad range of fields in the social sciences and humanities. The Kennan Institute is supported by contributions from foundations, corporations, individuals, and the United States Government. Kennan Institute Occasional Papers The Kennan Institute makes Occasional Papers available to all those interested. Occasional Papers are submitted by Kennan Institute scholars and visiting speakers. Copies of Occasional Papers and a list of papers currently available can be obtained free of charge by contacting: Occasional Papers Kennan Institute One Woodrow Wilson Plaza 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, D.C. 20004-3027 (202) 691-4100 Occasional Papers published since 1999 are available on the Institute’s web site, www.wilsoncenter.org/kennan. This Occasional Paper has been produced with the support of the Program for Research and Training on Eastern Europe and the Independent States of the Former Soviet Union of the U.S. Department of State (fund- ed by the Soviet and East European Research and Training Act of 1983, or Title VIII). The Kennan Institute is most grateful for this support. -
By George Gerbner Tbe August Coup
1 MEDIA AND MYSTERY IN. THE RUSSIAN COUP; By George Gerbner Tbe August Coup: Tbe Trutb and tbe Lessons~ By Mikhail Gorbachev. HarperCollins. 127 pp. $18.00 Tbe Future Belongs to Freedom~ By EduardShevardnadze. New York: The Free ,Press, 1991. 237 pp. Eyewitness; A Personal Account of the Unraveling of tbe Soviet Union. By Vladimir Pozner. Random House. 220 pp. $20.00 . Seven Days Tbat Sbooktbe World;Tbe Collapse of soviet communism. by stuart H. Loory and Ann Imse. Introduction by Hedrick Smith. CNN Report, Turner Publishing, Inc. 255 pp. Boris Yeltsin: From Bolsbevik to Democrat. By John Morrison. Dutton. 303pp. $20. Boris Yeltsin, A Political Biograpby. By Vladimir Solvyov and Elena Klepikova. Putnam. 320 pp. $24.95 We remember the Russian coup of A~gust 1991 as a quixotic attempt, doomed to failure, engineered by fools and thwarted by a spontaneous uprising. As Vladimir Pozner's Eyewitness puts it, our imag~ of the coup leaders is that of "faceless party hacks ••• Hollywood-cast to fit the somehow gross, repulsive, and yet somewhat comical image" of the typical Communist bureaucrat.(p. 10) Well, that image is false. More than that, it obscures the big story of the coup .and its consequences for Russia and the world. By falling back on a cold-war caricature ' and . accepting what Shevardnadze calls "the export version" of perestroika, the U.s. press, and Western media generally, may have missed the story of the decade. .' The men who struck on August 19, : 1991 were, as Pozner himself · argues,,"far from inept ,and, indeed, ' ready to do whatever was necessary to win. -
Latvia 1988-2015: a Triumph of the Radical Nationalists
The Baltic Centre of Historical and Socially Political Studies Victor Gushchin Latvia 1988-2015: a triumph of the radical nationalists Political support of the West for Latvian radical nationalism and neo-Nazismand the import of this ideology into Latvia after the West’s victory in the Cold War. Formation of a unipolar world led by the USA, revision of the 1945 Yalta and Potsdam treaties and the 1975 Helsinki Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe as main reasons for the evolution of the Republic of Latvia of May 4th, 1990,from elimination of universal suffrage to relapse of totalitarianism: establishment of the so-called «Latvian Latvia», Russophobia, suppression of ethnic minority rights, restriction of freedom of speech and assembly, revision of the outcome of World War Two and propaganda of neo-Nazism. Riga 2017 UDK 94(474.3) “19/20” Gu 885 The book Latvia 1988-2015: a triumph of the radical nationalists» is dedicated to Latvia’s most recent history. On May 4, 1990, the Supreme Soviet (Supreme Council) of the Latvian SSR adopted the Declaration on the Restoration of Independence of the Latvian Republic without holding a national referendum, thus violating the acting Constitution. Following this up on October 15, 1991, the Supreme Soviet deprived more than a third of its own electorate Latvia 1988 - 2015: of the right to automatic citizenship. As a result, one of the most fundamental principles of a triumph of the radical nationalists democracy, universal suffrage, was eliminated. Thereafter, the Latvian parliament, periodically re-elected in conditions where a signif- icant part of country’s inhabitants lack the right to participate in elections, has been adopting Book 1. -
The Russian White House Under Siege
1 The Russian White House under Siege August 19, 1991, should have been a regular Monday morning, but it opened on an unexpected note. Instead of the news, all Russian TV and radio stations were broadcasting Tchaikovsky’s Swan Lake. Audiences across the country understood at once that something serious had hap- pened in politics. Ever since 1982, major events such as the deaths of Soviet leaders (three in the span of three years) had been announced after national broadcasting of this sort. At age sixty, Gorbachev was on the young side and seemingly too healthy to follow his immediate predecessors. However, he was not immune to ac- tions from Kremlin hard-liners fighting against his liberalization policies. And act they did: an announcer reported that Gorbachev had fallen ill at his state-owned dacha at a Black Sea resort. “The new Soviet leadership” in Moscow would reinstate socialist “law and order.” At the time of the announcement I was already in a car and heading to the city from my state-owned dacha in a Russian government compound about fifteen miles from Moscow. Yeltsin occupied a house around the corner from me, though he had campaigned against such perks and had gained popular- ity by vigorously denouncing unwarranted privileges for top officials. The 17 © 2019 University of Pittsburgh Press. All rights reserved. 18 The Firebird • Andrei Kozyrev compound served as a kind of out-of-office meeting place for members of the Russian government. As I drove in, I noticed signs of unusual activity near the local traffic police station. -
The Collapse of the USSR and the Emergence of Mass Child Neglect
The Collapse of the USSR and the Emergence of Mass Child Neglect By Karsten Solheim Master Thesis in History Department of Archaeology, Conservation and History University of Oslo Autumn 2009 ii The Collapse of the USSR and the Emergence of Mass Child Neglect By Karsten Solheim Master Thesis in History Department of Archaeology, Conservation and History University of Oslo Autumn 2009 iii The photo on the front page was taken late autumn 1993 in the basement on Goncharnaia street 8 in St.Petersburg. It was the night patrol of the German organisation “Psalm – 23” who established contact with Sergei Shelaiev (12 years) and Sergei Voronin (16 years). The younger Sergei, who had an alcoholic mother and no father, died only 4 months later after a fall from the 7 th floor in a building (near Vitebskii railroad station) where he used to stay overnight in the attic. The fate of the older Sergei was equally sad. Half a year later, when searching for a place to sleep in a cellar, he was shot with a gas pistol by junkies and lost 80 percent of his sight. In 1997 he was sentenced for robbery and sent to a colony (prison). There all traces of Sergei end. (Source: Dr Sereda’s personal archives) iv PREFACE This thesis is born out of a desire to learn more about the causal circumstances associated with the deep and protracted humanitarian crisis that so detrimentally has affected the life of tens of millions of people in the post-Soviet countries. This thesis also represents a lifetime interest and engagement in Russian affairs starting with a youthful curiosity and determination to understand Russia on its own terms, so to speak. -
25 Li 993 Ju Ocil.0G442
RFE/RI. INC. DAILY Man, , BROADCAST tR'',1-1 vr ANALYSES 993 ju ociL.0G442. 25 Li RADIO FREE EUROPE RADIO LIBERTY RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS [Asterisk (*) in the margin indicates coverage of lead story(ies) on today's Recommended List] 410 Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis for Friday, 2 July 1993 BAD Russian Staff The broadcast day commenced at 1000 hours. 10 -minute newscasts are aired every hour on the hour except during LIBERTY LIVE broadcasts, when they are incorporated into the show. 1000-1100 LIBERTY LIVE (Moderator, Makhlis) 1. Azerbaijan (Akhundova, Baku 2:30). Surat Husseinov is now the new leader of Azerbaijan. RL's correspondent in Baku discussed his rapid move to reorganize the government and advance his own political agenda, with finding a solution to the military conflict over Karabakh as the number -one issue on his list. 2. The Russian Government (Volkov, Moscow 2:30). The Russian parliament is scheduled to recess for summer vacation on July 15. However, a lot of work remains unfinished, including consideration of a new law on the media. The BD analyzed some of the reasons for the present impasse. 3. Russian Politics. A report filed from Moscow (Kulistikov, 2) said that Vice -President Rutskoy's current official trip to Voronezh and Novosibirsk was made to show that he is acting on his own behalf and does not represent the government in Moscow. 2 2 July 1993 4. A Review of the Russian Press was presented by RL's Moscow bureau (Trukhan, 2:30). 5. Student Meetings in St. Petersburg were reported (Rezunkov, 1:30) to have ended with a threat to strike unless their demands for university reforms are addressed. -
Breakthrough to Freedom
The International Foundation for SocioEconomic and Political Studies (The Gorbachev Foundation) BREAKTHROUGH TO FREEDOM PERESTROIKA: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS R.VALENT PUBLISHERS 2009 Compiled by Viktor Kuvaldin, Professor, Doctor of History Executive Editor: Aleksandr Veber, CONTENTS Doctor of History Translation: Tatiana Belyak, Konstantin Petrenko To the Reader . .5 Page makeup: Viktoriya Kolesnichenko Art design: R.Valent Publishers PART I. Seven Years that Changed the Country and the World Publisher’s Acknowledgement: Special thanks to Mr. Mikhail Selivanov, Vadim Medvedev. Perestroika’s Chance of Success . .8 who helped make this book possible. Stephen F. Cohen. Was the Soviet System Reformable? . .22 ISBN 9785934392629 Archie Brown. Perestroika and the Five Transformations . .40 Aleksandr Galkin. The Place of Perestroika in the History of Russia . .58 Viktor Kuvaldin. Three Forks in the Road of Gorbachev’s Perestroika . .73 Breakthrough to Freedom. Perestroika: A Critical Analysis. Aleksandr Veber. Perestroika and International Social Democracy . .95 M., R.Valent Publishers, 2009, — 304 pages. Boris Slavin. Perestroika in the Mirror of Modern Interpretations . .111 Jack F. Matlock, Jr. Perestroika as Viewed from Washington, 19851991 . .126 Copyright © 2009 by the International PART II. Our Times and Ourselves Foundation for SocioEconomic and Political Studies (The Gorbachev Foundation) Aleksandr Nekipelov. Is It Easy to Catch a Black Cat in a Dark Room, Copyright © R.Valent Publishers Even If It Is There? . .144 All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form or by any means Oleg Bogomolov. A Turning Point in History: without written permission of the copyright Reflections of an EyeWitness . .152 holders. Nikolay Shmelev. Bloodshed Is Not Inevitable . -
The Restoration of Capitalism in the Soviet Union
THE RESTORATION OF CAPITALISM IN THE SOVIET UNION W. B. Bland. THE RESTORATION OF CAPITALISM IN THE SOVIET UNION By W. B. Bland. Second Edition, 1995; First published Wembley 1980. FOREWORD This book is an analysis of the economic system which was developed in the USSR after the "economic reforms" of 1965-66 - an analysis made on the basis of a mass of evidence taken almost exclusively from official Soviet economic journals. Taking into account the virtual abolition of centralised economic planning, the introduction of profit as the regulator of production, the vesting of effective ownership and "hiring and firing" rights in industrial management, and the inequitable distribution of enterprise profit between managerial and shop floor personnel, the author reached the conclusion - as the title indicates - that by the 1970s the soviet economy had become essentially a restored capitalist system masquerading under red flags which are no longer appropriate. Contents INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 3 CHAPTER 1: The Abolition of Centralised Economic Planning ............................................................................................................... 10 3: The "Socialist Market" ............................................................................................................................................................................ 24 4: Payment -
Social Studies District • 2018
UNIVERSITY INTERSCHOLASTIC LEAGUE Social Studies District • 2018 DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE INSTRUCTED TO DO SO! UNIVERSITY INTERSCHOLASTIC LEAGUE SOCIAL STUDIES CONTEST DISTRICT ó SPRING 2018 Part I: General Knowledge In the Shadow of the Red Bear: Russia and the former Soviet Union (1 point each) 1. At the end of 1929,, a campaign to “liquidate the _____ as a class” was launched by the government. By 1934, most of these prosperous farmers as well as millions of other peasants who had opposed collectivization, had been deported to remote regions of the Soviet Union or arrested and their land and property confiscated. A. Cossacks C. kulaks B. serfs D. bourgeoisie 2. The class of academics, writers, artists, and other educated citizenry especially as a cultural, social, or political elite are referred to as the _____. A. apparatchiks C. intelligentsia B. aristocracy D. oligarchs 3. The basin of the _____ River sprawls across about two-fifths of the European part of Russia and contains almost half of the entire population of the Russian Republic. A. Karakum C. Don B. Dnieper D. Volga 4. Under Soviet law, status, rather than wealth, determined living standards. Secret laws provided lavish benefits for the _____; the top level government appointees at national and local levels. A. nomenklatura C. proletariat B. Duma D. Politburo 5. Solidarity became the first independent _____ in a country belonging to the Soviet bloc. Solidarity was founded in 1980, was forcibly suppressed by the Polish government, and reemerged in 1989 to become the first opposition movement to participate in free elections in a Soviet-bloc nation since the 1940s. -
Ruling Russia: Authoritarianism from the Revolution to Putin
Introduction This book hAs its origins in a paper I wrote half a decade ago.1 In it I suggested ways that would provide more rigorous answers than were then extant to a question that has animated policy makers, scholars, and plain folk for more than a century and a half, to wit, “Is Russia, was it, or will it ever be a normal country?”— by which people usu- ally have had Western democracy in mind.2 The first president of the Russian Federation, Boris Yeltsin, declared in 1994 that “we [Russians] live in a normal country.” Indeed, so determined was he to make this claim that the first chapter of his book The Struggle for Russia was titled “A Normal Country.”3 A decade later the Harvard economist Andrei Shleifer, writing either alone or with Daniel Treisman, a political scien- tist at UCLA, published a book and a series of papers, including a lead article in Foreign Affairs titled “A Normal Country.”4 In these publica- tions, they advanced the argument that Russia’s political and economic system was about what one would expect for a country at its level of development— which at their time of writing was what the Organisa- tion for Economic Co- operation and Development (OECD) coded as a midlevel developing country. Their work in turn resulted in critical assessments in Post- Soviet Affairs by Peter T. Leeson and William N. Trumbull in 2006 and by me in 2007.5 The project turned out differently than I expected. Thinking about whether Russia was a normal country helped me organize my thoughts about the evolution of Russian politics.