Archaeological Desk Based Assessment

ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK BASED ASSESSMENT

Land at 62 Hatcham Road and 134-140 Ilderton Road South Bermondsey London SE15 1TW

v.2

February 2018

Local Planning Authority: London Borough of Southwark

Site centred at: TQ 35188 77929

Author: Manca Petric MA ACIfA

Approved by: Matthew Smith BSc MCIfA

Report Status: Final

Issue Date: September 2017

Update: February 2018

CgMs Ref: MP/MS/23429

No part of this report is to be copied in any way without prior written consent.

Every effort is made to provide detailed and accurate information, however, CgMs Limited cannot be held responsible for errors or inaccuracies within this report.

© Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office. Licence No: AL 100014723 Archaeological Desk Based Assessment Land at 62 Hatcham Road and 134-140 Ilderton Road, South Bermondsey, London SE15 1TW

CONTENTS

Executive Summary 1.0 Introduction and Scope of Study 2.0 Planning Background and Development Plan Framework 3.0 Geology and Topography 4.0 Archaeological/Historical Background and Assessment of Significance 5.0 Site Conditions, the Proposed Development and Impact on Heritage Assets 6.0 Summary and Conclusions Sources Consulted

LIST OF FIGURES

Fig. 1 Site Location Fig. 2 HER Data Plot (data from Greater London HER) Fig. 3 1729 Senex Map Fig. 4 1766 Rocque Map of London Fig. 5 1797 Stockdale Map Fig. 6 1822 Cary Map Fig. 7 1842 St Giles Camberwell Tithe Map Fig. 8 1848 Wyld Map Fig. 9 1861-62 Weller Map Fig. 10 1877 Stanford Map Fig. 11 1916 Ordnance Survey Map Fig. 12 1937 Ordnance Survey Map Fig. 13 1945 Bomb Damage Map Fig. 14 1952 Ordnance Survey Map Fig. 15 1962 Ordnance Survey Map Fig. 16 1983-87 Landmark Historical Map Fig. 17 2016 Google Earth Image Fig. 18 Proposed Development: Ground Floor

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PLATES

Plate 1: Entrance to study site from north. Plate 2: Entrance to study site from east. Plate 3: North-facing photograph taken from the central area of site. Plate 4: East-facing photograph taken from the central area of site. Plate 5: Waste piled up within the study site. Plate 6: Waste piled up within the study site.

APPENDICES

Appendix 1: Exploratory hole locations (Jomas Associates Ltd 2017)

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• Land at 62 Hatcham Road and 134-140 Ilderton Road, South Bermondsey, SE15 1TW, London Borough of Southwark, has been reviewed for its archaeological potential.

• Redevelopment proposals currently comprise the construction of a block of residential flats with commercial space. No basements are proposed.

• In accordance with central and local government planning policy and guidance, a desk based assessment has been undertaken to clarify the archaeological potential of the study area.

• The study site is located within the Bermondsey Lake Archaeological Priority Zone as defined by the Southwark Borough Council.

• The study site is considered to have a medium to high potential for the existence of peat and consequently palaeo-environmental remains to be present on site, a low to medium potential for remains of Prehistoric human activity and for the Roman period and a low potential for the Medieval and the Post Medieval periods.

• Modern activity at the study site is likely to have severely truncated any archaeological deposits that may have been present.

• In view of the study site’s archaeological potential, combined with the past depositional impacts, the redevelopment proposals are considered unlikely to have a significant or widespread negative archaeological impact. If archaeological remains are present at the site, the available information indicates that they would be of local significance.

• It is therefore considered that any archaeological interest on the site can be secured by an appropriately worded planning condition attached to the granting of consent. It is recommended that a geo-archaeological borehole survey is undertaken at the study site to determine the presence, extent and significance of archaeological deposits at the study site.

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1.0 INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE OF STUDY

1.0 This archaeological desk-based assessment has been prepared by Manca Petric and edited by Matthew Smith of CgMs Heritage (part of RPS) on behalf of Hatcham Road Ltd & 134-140 Ilderton Road LLP.

1.1 The assessment considers land at 62 Hatcham Road and 134-140 Ilderton Road, South Bermondsey, SE15 1TW, London Borough of Southwark. The site, also referred to as the study site, is approximately 1800m² in area and comprises industrial units. The site is bounded by Record Street to the north, Hatcham Road to the west, Ilderton Road to the east and industrial buildings to the south. The site is centred at National Grid Reference at TQ 35188 77929 (Fig. 1).

1.2 Hatcham Road Ltd & 134-140 Ilderton Road LLP have commissioned CgMs Heritage (part of RPS) to establish the archaeological potential of the site, and to provide guidance on ways to accommodate any archaeological constraints identified.

1.3 In line with national and local policy and guidance, this desk-based assessment comprises an examination of evidence on the Greater London Historic Environment Record (GLHER) and other sources. The report also includes the results of a comprehensive map regression exercise.

1.4 Additionally, in accordance with the ‘Standard and Guidance for Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessments’ (Chartered Institute for Archaeologists 2014), the assessment includes an examination of published and unpublished material and charts historic land-use through a map regression exercise.

1.5 As a result, the assessment enables relevant parties to assess the significance of archaeological assets on and close to the site, assesses the potential for hitherto undiscovered archaeological assets and thus enables potential impacts on assets to be identified along with the need for design, civil engineering or archaeological solutions.

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2.0 PLANNING BACKGROUND AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN FRAMEWORK

2.1 Legislation regarding archaeology, including scheduled ancient monuments, is contained in the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979, amended by the National Heritage Act 1983 and 2002.

2.2 In March 2012, the government published the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF). NPPF Planning Practice Guidance was published online 6th March 2014 (http://planningguidance.planningportal.gov.uk).

2.3 Section 12 of the NPPF, entitled Conserving and Enhancing the Historic Environment provides guidance for planning authorities, property owners, developers and others on the conservation and investigation of heritage assets. Overall, the objectives of Section 12 of the NPPF can be summarised as seeking the:

• Delivery of sustainable development • Understanding the wider social, cultural, economic and environmental benefits brought by the conservation of the historic environment • Conservation of England's heritage assets in a manner appropriate to their significance, and • Recognition of the contribution that heritage assets make to our understanding of the past.

2.4 Section 12 of the NPPF recognises that intelligently managed change may sometimes be necessary if heritage assets are to be maintained for the long term. Paragraph 128 states that planning decisions should be based on the significance of the heritage asset, and that level of detail supplied by an applicant should be proportionate to the importance of the asset and should be no more than sufficient to review the potential impact of the proposal upon the significance of that asset.

2.5 Heritage Assets are defined in Annex 2 of the NPPF as: a building, monument, site, place, area or landscape positively identified as having a degree of significance meriting consideration in planning decisions. They include designated heritage assets (as defined in the NPPF) and assets identified by the local planning authority during the process of decision-making or through the plan-making process.

2.6 Annex 2 also defines Archaeological Interest as a heritage asset which holds, or potentially could hold, evidence of past human activity worthy of expert investigation at some point. Heritage assets with archaeological interest are the primary source of

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evidence about the substance and evolution of places, and of the people and cultures that made them.

2.7 A Designated Heritage Asset comprises a: World Heritage Site, Scheduled Monument, Listed Building, Protected Wreck Site, Registered Park and Garden, Registered Battlefield or Conservation Area.

2.8 Significance is defined as: The value of a heritage asset to this and future generations because of its heritage interest. This interest may be archaeological, architectural, artistic or historic. Significance derives not only from a heritage asset’s physical presence, but also from its setting.

2.9 Setting is defined as: The surroundings in which a heritage asset is experienced. Its extent is not fixed and may change as the asset and its surroundings evolve. Elements of a setting may make a positive or negative contribution to the significance of an

asset, may affect the ability to appreciate that significance or may be neutral.

2.10 In short, government policy provides a framework which: • Protects nationally important designated Heritage Assets (which include World Heritage Sites, Scheduled Ancient Monuments, Listed Buildings, Protected Wreck Sites, Registered Parks and Gardens, Registered Battlefields or Conservation Areas) • Protects the settings of such designations • In appropriate circumstances seeks adequate information (from desk based assessment and field evaluation where necessary) to enable informed decisions • Provides for the excavation and investigation of sites not significant enough to merit in-situ preservation.

2.11 In considering any planning application for development, the planning authority will be mindful of the framework set by government policy, in this instance the NPPF, by current Development Plan Policy and by other material considerations.

2.12 The relevant Strategic Development Plan framework is provided by the London Plan Consolidated with Alterations Since 2011. The Further Alterations to the London Plan (FALP) were adopted 10 March 2015. This document includes the revised early minor alterations to the London Plan were published in October 2013. There are no changes to Policy 7.8; slight amendments have been made to the wording of Policy 7.10 World

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Heritage Sites, cross referencing this policy with the Supplementary Planning Guidance document for the setting of World Heritage Sites prepared in 2012.

2.13 Policy in the Consolidated London Plan relevant to archaeology at the study site includes the following:

POLICY 7.8 HERITAGE ASSETS AND ARCHAEOLOGY

STRATEGIC

A. LONDON’S HERITAGE ASSETS AND HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT, INCLUDING LISTED BUILDINGS, REGISTERED HISTORIC PARKS AND GARDENS AND OTHER NATURAL AND HISTORIC LANDSCAPES, CONSERVATION AREAS, WORLD HERITAGE SITES, REGISTERED BATTLEFIELDS, SCHEDULED MONUMENTS, ARCHAEOLOGICAL REMAINS AND MEMORIALS SHOULD BE IDENTIFIED, SO THAT THE DESIRABILITY OF SUSTAINING AND ENHANCING THEIR SIGNIFICANCE AND OF UTILISING THEIR POSITIVE ROLE IN PLACE SHAPING CAN BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT.

B. DEVELOPMENT SHOULD INCORPORATE MEASURES THAT IDENTIFY, RECORD, INTERPRET, PROTECT AND, WHERE APPROPRIATE, PRESENT THE SITE’S ARCHAEOLOGY.

PLANNING DECISIONS

C. DEVELOPMENT SHOULD IDENTIFY, VALUE, CONSERVE, RESTORE, RE-USE AND INCORPORATE HERITAGE ASSETS, WHERE APPROPRIATE.

D. DEVELOPMENT AFFECTING HERITAGE ASSETS AND THEIR SETTINGS SHOULD CONSERVE THEIR SIGNIFICANCE, BY BEING SYMPATHETIC TO THEIR FORM, SCALE, MATERIALS AND ARCHITECTURAL DETAIL.

E. NEW DEVELOPMENT SHOULD MAKE PROVISION FOR THE PROTECTION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES, LANDSCAPES AND SIGNIFICANT MEMORIALS. THE PHYSICAL ASSETS SHOULD, WHERE POSSIBLE, BE MADE AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC ON-SITE. WHERE THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSET OR MEMORIAL CANNOT BE PRESERVED OR MANAGED ON-SITE, PROVISION MUST BE MADE FOR THE INVESTIGATION, UNDERSTANDING, RECORDING, DISSEMINATION AND ARCHIVING OF THAT ASSET.

LDF PREPARATION

F. BOROUGHS SHOULD, IN LDF POLICIES, SEEK TO MAINTAIN AND ENHANCE THE CONTRIBUTION OF BUILT, LANDSCAPED AND BURIED HERITAGE TO LONDON’S ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, CULTURAL IDENTITY AND ECONOMY AS PART OF MANAGING LONDON’S ABILITY TO ACCOMMODATE CHANGE AND REGENERATION.

G. BOROUGHS, IN CONSULTATION WITH ENGLISH HERITAGE, NATURAL ENGLAND AND OTHER RELEVANT STATUTORY ORGANISATIONS, SHOULD INCLUDE APPROPRIATE POLICIES IN THEIR LDFS FOR IDENTIFYING, PROTECTING, ENHANCING AND IMPROVING ACCESS TO THE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT AND HERITAGE ASSETS AND THEIR SETTINGS WHERE APPROPRIATE, AND TO ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSETS,

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MEMORIALS AND HISTORIC AND NATURAL LANDSCAPE CHARACTER WITHIN THEIR AREA.

2.14 The London Borough of Southwark Core Strategy was adopted in April 2011 and contains the following relevant archaeological policy:

STRATEGIC POLICY 12 – DESIGN AND CONSERVATION

DEVELOPMENT WILL ACHIEVE THE HIGHEST POSSIBLE STANDARDS OF DESIGN FOR BUILDINGS AND PUBLIC SPACES TO HELP CREATE ATTRACTIVE AND DISTINCTIVE PLACES WHICH ARE SAFE, EASY TO GET AROUND AND A PLEASURE TO BE IN. WE WILL DO THIS BY:

1. EXPECTING DEVELOPMENT TO CONSERVE OR ENHANCE THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SOUTHWARK’S HERITAGE ASSETS, THEIR SETTINGS AND WIDER HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT, INCLUDING CONSERVATION AREAS, ARCHAEOLOGICAL PRIORITY ZONES AND SITES, LISTED AND LOCALLY LISTED BUILDINGS, REGISTERED PARKS AND GARDENS, WORLD HERITAGE SITES AND SCHEDULED MONUMENTS.

2. CAREFULLY MANAGING THE DESIGN OF DEVELOPMENT IN THE THAMES POLICY AREA SO THAT IT IS SENSITIVE TO THE MANY SPECIAL QUALITIES OF THE RIVER.

3. MAKING SURE THAT THE HEIGHT AND DESIGN OF DEVELOPMENT CONSERVES AND ENHANCES STRATEGIC VIEWS AND IS APPROPRIATE TO ITS CONTEXT, THE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT AND IMPORTANT LOCAL VIEWS

4. REQUIRING TALL BUILDINGS TO HAVE AN EXEMPLARY STANDARD OF DESIGN AND MAKE A POSITIVE CONTRIBUTION TO REGENERATING AREAS AND CREATING UNIQUE PLACES. LOCATIONS WHERE TALL BUILDINGS COULD GO ARE IN LONDON BRIDGE, THE NORTHERN END OF BLACKFRIARS ROAD, ELEPHANT AND CASTLE AND ACTION AREA CORES. THESE ARE SHOWN ON THE KEY DIAGRAM.

5. CONTINUING TO USE THE SOUTHWARK DESIGN REVIEW PANEL TO ASSESS THE DESIGN QUALITY OF DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS.

6. REQUIRING DESIGN AND ACCESS STATEMENTS WITH APPLICATIONS AND ENCOURAGING BUILDING FOR LIFE ASSESSMENTS AND HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENTS.

2.15 The London Borough of Southwark Unitary Development Plan (UPD) was adopted in July 2007. The Plan contains the following policies which have been saved until the adoption of the Local Development Framework:

POLICY 3.19 – ARCHAEOLOGY

PLANNING APPLICATIONS AFFECTING SITES WITHIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL PRIORITY ZONES, AS IDENTIFIED IN APPENDIX 7, SHALL BE ACCOMPANIED BY AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION OF THE SITE, INCLUDING THE IMPACT OF THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT. THERE IS A PRESUMPTION IN FAVOUR OF PRESERVATION IN SITU, TO PROTECT AND SAFEGUARD ARCHAEOLOGICAL REMAINS OF NATIONAL IMPORTANCE, INCLUDING SCHEDULED MONUMENTS AND THEIR SETTINGS. THE IN SITU PRESERVATION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL REMAINS OF LOCAL IMPORTANCE WILL ALSO BE SOUGHT, UNLESS THE IMPORTANCE OF THE DEVELOPMENT OUTWEIGHS THE LOCAL VALUE OF THE REMAINS. IF PLANNING

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PERMISSION IS GRANTED TO DEVELOP ANY SITE WHERE THERE ARE ARCHAEOLOGICAL REMAINS OR THERE IS GOOD REASON TO BELIEVE THAT SUCH REMAINS EXIST, CONDITIONS WILL BE ATTACHED TO SECURE THE EXCAVATION AND RECORDING OR PRESERVATION IN WHOLE OR IN PART, IF JUSTIFIED, BEFORE DEVELOPMENT BEGINS.

2.16 This desk based assessment therefore aims to meet the national, regional and local policy and policy guidance as set out above, in clarifying the archaeological potential of the study site and the need or otherwise for further mitigation measures.

2.17 In terms of designated heritage assets as defined above and as shown on Figure 2, no nationally designated Scheduled Monuments, Historic Battlefield sites, or Historic Wreck sites lie within the vicinity of the study site. The study site is located within the Bermondsey Lake Archaeological Priority Zone as defined by the Southwark Borough Council.

2.18 In line with existing national, strategic and local planning policy and guidance, this desk-based assessment therefore seeks to establish the extent of past disturbance and destruction of archaeological horizons on the site, in order that the potential for as yet to be discovered archaeological assets can be established, and the need or otherwise for additional mitigation measures.

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3.0 GEOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHY

3.1 Geology

3.1.1 The site is located on the border between two possible bedrock geology formations, namely the Lewes Nodular Chalk, Seaford Chalk and Newhaven Chalk Formation, and Thanet Sand Formation. Overlying superficial deposits of alluvium (clay, silt, peat and sand) are recorded at the site (BGS website, 2016).

3.1.2 A ground investigation was undertaken at the study site in 2017 (Jomas Associates 2017; Appendix 1). The results of the survey have revealed a ground profile comprising a variable thickness of Made Ground (between 1.10mbgl up to 2.70mbgl depth), overlying dark grey-green slightly sandy clay to a depth of 1.20mbgl where the Made Ground was shallow enough for it to be seen. This material was found to overlie yellow-brown to orange clayey gravelly sand to the base of the window sample boreholes.

3.2 Topography

3.2.1 The study site is located in the London Borough of Southwark in South London, on level ground, at 2m Above Ordnance Datum (AOD).

3.2.2 The River Thames is located c.1.9km north and east of the study site.

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4.0 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND, WITH ASSESSEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE (Including Historic Map Regression exercise)

4.1 Timescales used in this report: Prehistoric Palaeolithic 450,000 - 12,000 BC Mesolithic 12,000 - 4,000 BC Neolithic 4,000 - 1,800 BC Bronze Age 1,800 - 600 BC Iron Age 600 - AD 43

Historic Roman AD 43 - 410 Anglo Saxon/Early Medieval AD 410 - 1066 Medieval AD 1066 - 1485 Post Medieval AD 1486 - 1749 Modern AD 1750 - Present

4.2 Introduction

4.2.1 This assessment is based on a consideration of evidence in the Greater London Historic Environment Record (GLHER) for the study site and a zone 750m in extent surrounding its boundary, also referred to as the study area. The assessment also considers results of documentary and cartographic research, as well as published and unpublished literature.

4.2.2 This chapter reviews existing archaeological evidence for the site and the archaeological/historical background of the general area, and considers the potential for as yet undiscovered archaeological evidence on the site.

4.2.3 Chapter 5 subsequently considers the site conditions and whether the theoretical potential identified in this chapter is likely to survive.

4.3 Prehistoric

4.3.1 The site is located within Bermondsey Lake APA (Archaeological Priority Area) (DLO35764) and immediately west of Thames Alluvial Floodplain APA (DLO35839) and Thames and Ravensbourne Terrace Gravels APA (DLO35840).

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4.3.2 Extensive peat and clay deposits across North Southwark and North Lewisham are up to 12m thick and record the geological and environmental history of South-East England for the past 12,000 years.

4.3.3 An assemblage of Palaeolithic mammalian fossils (MLO 103254) was uncovered on the site of the gas works on Old Kent Road c.450m southwest of the site.

4.3.4 A glacial stream was found through excavation at Ilderton Road during a watching brief for a pipeline (MLO60721). The watching brief was conducted to the east and to the south of the site, the closest being immediately to the east of the study site. The glacial stream was sealed by waterlain clays, suggesting that the area was under water for a long period of time. This evidence further confirms that a lake (Bermondsey Lake) was formed in a relict river channel and that potential for palaeo- environmental remains for the prehistoric period exists on the site.

4.3.5 From around 4000 BC the mobile hunter-gathering economy of the Mesolithic gradually gave way to a more settled agriculture-based subsistence (Sidell at al. 2004). The terrace gravels bordering the River Thames (Thames and Ravensbourne Terrace Gravels, archaeological priority area, DLO35840) are commonly associated with evidence of successive prehistoric communities, including open fields and closed settlements.

4.3.6 Residual Mesolithic and Neolithic worked flint fragments (MLO60722) were found during an evaluation c.120m southeast of the site and a Neolithic flint core (MLO77143, ELO13102) was recorded c.750m north of the site.

4.3.7 Bronze Age peat deposits (MLO104805) were recorded c.500m northeast, 200m to the southwest of the site (MLO104864) and 270m to the east of the site (ELO11068). Peat deposits (MLO105227) were also found during a geo-archaeological excavation c.250m northwest of the site. The peat deposit was up to 0.6m thick and was found between -0.67m OD and -1.27m OD. The peat contained plant remains and while the upper part of the peat layer was reddish brown or dark brown, the lower part was dark reddish brown. A sample from the top of the peat gave a radiocarbon date of c 3200- 2900 Cal BP. A flint scraper was found within the peat which could be dated to the Neolithic or Bronze Age.

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4.3.8 Peat deposits were cut by channels during the Bronze Age and throughout much of prehistory. Due to the channels, trackways were established, possibly to aid in the movement to the areas that would have been islands to the north. One such trackway (ELO2767, MLO63987) was recorded c.200m northwest of the site. The first phase of trackway was dated to 3570 BP (before present) and was constructed of two parallel alder logs with stakes running through. This met with another section of the trackway, or was possibly four logs wide. The second phase of trackway construction occurred after the first trackway had subsided and been covered by peat. This trackway was simpler and consisted of a single line of worked oak logs. This would have been wide enough only to walk on.

4.3.9 An archaeological evaluation c.550m northeast from the site (ELO853) recorded alluvial clay and peat over river terrace gravel. The gravels and peats are thought to have been laid down during the Mesolithic- Bronze Age and it may be on the margins of the 'Bermondsey Lake'. A Neolithic flint rejuvenated core blade was found in the latest gravel deposits.

4.3.10 By the 1st millennium, i.e. 1000 BC, the landscape of the study site was probably an extensive wetland marsh habitat. Areas within the Thames Alluvial Floodplain (DLO35839) would have been subject to a series of marine transgressions (rises in sea level) and marine regressions (drops in sea level) that occurred throughout the Neolithic, Bronze Age and Iron Age. Transgressions will have resulted in an intertidal area along the river frontage prone to periodic inundation, creating a marshland environment which was exploited for grazing, fishing wildfowling, reed and sedge gathering. Regressions will have formed a drier landscape perhaps suitable for seasonal occupation and more concentrated activity sites.

4.3.11 No finds of Iron Age date are recorded within the study area.

4.3.12 Based on the available evidence, there is medium to high potential for the existence of peat and consequently palaeo-environmental remains to be present on site. However, the presence of early prehistoric material can be notoriously difficult to predict and there is low to medium potential for remains of Prehistoric human activity to be present within the boundaries of the site. If present, it would likely be in the form of residual worked flint fragments.

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4.4 Roman

4.4.1 The Roman settlement in South London was centred on the present day Borough High Street, about 3km northwest of the site. The site lay in the hinterland of the Roman London in what was probably an agricultural landscape.

4.4.2 The evidence dated to the Roman period is mostly related to the Roman Road (MLO11490, MLO5606, MLO15684) known as Watling Street, roughly following the alignment of the current Old Kent Road, is located c. 500m south of the study site (Margary 1955). Possible gravel extraction pits (MLO15684) associated with the construction and repair of the Roman road were recorded c.750m southwest of the site.

4.4.3 In addition to that, a possible Roman building foundation was recorded c.550 to the southwest of the site (ELO10607, MLO58925) and a Roman lamp with a potters mark 'strobili' was found in 1833/4 near the bridge over the Surrey Canal c.600m northwest of the study site.

4.4.4 In considering the available evidence, a low to medium archaeological potential can be identified for this period.

4.5 Anglo-Saxon/Early Medieval and Medieval

4.5.1 There are no finds of Anglo Saxon/Early Medieval date recorded within the study area.

4.5.2 The name Bermondsey is of early medieval origin (recorded as Vermundesei in 712 AD, and as Bermundesye in 1086) and its meaning is defined as ‘Island, or dry ground in marsh, of a man called Beornmund’ (Mills 2010).

4.5.3 A medieval manor house is recorded 230m west of the site (MLO4264). It is the site of Hatcham Coldharbour Manor House, also called Cold Abbey.

4.5.4 During the Medieval period, Bermondsey Abbey was founded by Aylwin Child in 1082 AD (hence Abbey Street), and the Cluniac monks embanked the river and cultivated the surrounding land to the north-west of the site. St. Saviours Dock, c. 2km to the north-west of the study site, was used as their port (Weinreb, Hibbert & Keay 2008).

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4.5.5 The potential of the study site for the Anglo Saxon/Early Medieval and Medieval period is considered low, with evidence of agricultural activity and land division most likely to be represented within the archaeological record.

4.6 Post Medieval and Modern

4.6.1 Post-Medieval made ground deposits were recognised during a watching brief (MLO10560) that passed the site c.30m to the east. A buried soil of a pre 19th century date (ELO9945) was recorded c.50m south of the site.

4.6.2 A Post Medieval wall foundation (MLO 105138, ELO14224) was identified c.700m southeast of the site. The wall seemed to be associated with the 19th century terraced houses. A Post Medieval deposit, containing pottery sherds dated to 1780-1840, probably an agricultural horizon indicating the use of the site prior to the construction of the 19th century housing, was recorded.

4.6.3 A 19th century rubble backfill deposits (MLO 66169, ELO 4210) were recorded c.600m southwest of the site. They were probably associated with the construction of the embankment and brick railway originally built in 1836-37. A series of 19th century brick lined pits (MLO 66170) was also recorded.

4.6.4 In this period, understanding of settlement, land-use and the utilisation of the landscape is enhanced by cartographic and documentary sources which can give additional detail to data contained within the HER.

4.6.5 The 1729 Senex Map of London shows the study site as pasture, located on the border of historic Kent and Surrey, to the west of Deptford. The historic core of Southwark is located to the north-west.

4.6.6 The study appears to be located on agricultural land by 1766 (Fig.4) as shown on the Rocque Map. There is little change to the situation of the study site on the 1797 Stockdale Map (Fig. 5). The site is located just north of what appears to be a footpath.

4.6.7 The 1822 Carey map (Fig. 6) shows the site located in a field just south of the newly constructed Grand Surrey Canal (MLO72777). The Grand Surrey Canal was authorised in 1801 and ran from the Surrey Commercial Docks to Camberwell. It was originally planned to reach Mitcham, but was never completed beyond Peckham. The engineer for the first year was Ralph Dodd and the entrance lock into the River Thames was

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opened in 1807. The use of the canal for transport ended in 1836 and it became a line of wharves. The company combined with the Commercial Docks Company to take over the Surrey Commercial Docks in 1864. In 1908, the canal was transferred to the Port of London Authority, who eventually closed it in 1971.

4.6.8 The 1842 St Giles Camberwell Tithe Map (Fig. 7) again shows the site located just south of the Grand Surrey canal. The area has been split into regular fields and there is a newly formed north-south aligned road running to the east of the site.

4.6.9 By 1848 (Fig. 8) the site was bound by roads and the general development of the area can be observed. Hatcham Park is located to the east of the site.

4.6.10 The site was located on the location of Britannia Place and occupied by three buildings by 1861-62 (Fig. 9).

4.6.11 The layout of the buildings occupying the site changed by 1877 (Fig. 10). The building in the western part of the site seems to have an industrial character and the buildings in the eastern area of study site are probably dwellings. The area to the south of the site is generally occupied by terraced houses with back gardens. Surrey Canal Bridge (MLO101131), which was constructed by 1868 to carry the East London Railway line over the Surrey Canal, is located to the northwest of the site.

4.6.12 The 1916 Ordnance Survey (Fig. 11) shows that the layout of the buildings on site changed again. By this time, the area is almost entirely built up with residential and industrial properties. The character of the area remains the same in 1937 with Confectionery Works occupying the western area of the study site (Fig. 12).

4.6.13 The 1945 Bomb Damage Map (Fig. 13) shows that the area just west of the site was hit by a V2 long range rocket and the buildings on the site were seriously damaged.

4.6.14 The 1952 Ordnance Survey Map (Fig. 14) shows that the terraced houses in the eastern area of site were indeed demolished and so were the industrial properties to the west of the site.

4.6.15 The 1962 Ordnance Survey map (Fig. 15) shows the newly build industrial properties in the area and on the study site. The character of the site remains largely unchanged by 1983-87 (Fig. 16) and present (Fig. 17).

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4.6.16 The evidence suggests that the site was agricultural field or a pasture by the middle of the 19th century when the first buildings emerge within the site boundaries. The site was affected by the London Blitz. In considering the available evidence, the study site has low potential for Post Medieval archaeology to be present on site. Modern building foundations with associated drains and cesspits would be expected to be found.

4.7 Assessment of Significance

4.7.1 Existing national policy guidance for archaeology (the NPPF as referenced in section 2) enshrines the concept of the ‘significance’ of heritage assets. Significance as defined in the NPPF centres on the value of an archaeological or historic asset for its ‘heritage interest’ to this or future generations.

4.7.2 No archaeological designated or non-designated heritage assets, as defined in the NPPF have been identified within the study site. The study site lies within the Archaeological Priority Area of Bermondsey Lake, as well as being directly adjacent to the Archaeological Priority Areas of the Thames Alluvial Floodplain and Thames and Ravensbourne Terrace Gravels.

4.7.3 The study site is considered to have a medium to high potential for the existence of peat and consequently palaeo-environmental remains to be present on site, a low to medium potential for remains of Prehistoric human activity and for the Roman period and a low potential for the Medieval and the Post Medieval periods.

4.7.4 The assessment has established that any archaeology present within the boundaries of the study site is likely to be of low/local significance and should not preclude the proposed development.

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Archaeological Desk Based Assessment Land at 62 Hatcham Road and 134-140 Ilderton Road, South Bermondsey, London SE15 1TW

5.0 SITE CONDITIONS, THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT AND IMPACT ON ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSETS

5.1 Site Conditions

5.1.1 The site currently comprises industrial units (Plates 1-6). The north-eastern and central area of site is currently used for waste storage, while the southern and western structures are still occupied with tenants (Appendix 1).

5.1.2 The construction of the buildings currently occupying the study site and the can be considered likely to have had negative impact through the cutting of foundations and services and through land-forming and ground levelling.

5.1.3 The site was also subject damage caused by a V2 long range rocket during WWII.

5.1.4 Any agricultural or horticultural use of the study site prior to development can be considered to have had a widespread, moderate archaeological impact.

5.1.5 A ground investigation was undertaken at the study site in 2017 (Jomas Associates 2017; Appendix 1). The results of the survey have revealed a ground profile comprising a variable thickness of Made Ground (between 1.10mbgl up to 2.70mbgl depth), overlying dark grey-green slightly sandy clay to a depth of 1.20mbgl where the Made Ground was shallow enough for it to be seen. This material was found to overlie yellow-brown to orange clayey gravelly sand to the base of the window sample boreholes.

5.1.6 The ground investigation demonstrates the study site has been subject to a severe level of modern truncation. Made ground deposits overly sand deposits (probably alluvial) or gravel. No finds or organic rich peat deposits were observed (Jomas Associates 2017).

5.2 The Proposed Development

5.2.1 Redevelopment proposals currently comprise the Application for full planning permission for mixed use redevelopment comprising: demolition of existing buildings and construction of a building ranging in height from four to nine storeys to provide 1,179 sqm (GIA) of commercial space (use class B1) at ground floor, 86 residential dwellings above (30 x 1 bed, 39 x 2 bed and 17 x 3 bed), with associated amenity areas, cycle and disabled car parking and refuse/recycling stores. (Figure 18)

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Archaeological Desk Based Assessment Land at 62 Hatcham Road and 134-140 Ilderton Road, South Bermondsey, London SE15 1TW

5.3 Potential Impact on Archaeological Assets

5.3.1 No designated or non-designated archaeological assets are recorded at the study site.

5.3.2 Modern activity at the study site is likely to have severely truncated any archaeological deposits that may have been present. A ground investigation survey has demonstrated severe levels of modern truncation. No organic rich deposits were observed, only sand deposits (likely to be Holocene alluvium).

5.3.3 Given the limited archaeological potential identified at the study site, combined with the 19th and 20th century redevelopment, the proposed development is considered unlikely to have an impact on any significant archaeological deposits.

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6.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

6.1 Land at 62 Hatcham Road and 134-140 Ilderton Road, South Bermondsey, SE15 1TW, London Borough of Southwark, has been reviewed for its archaeological potential.

6.2 Redevelopment proposals currently comprise the construction of a block of residential flats with commercial space. No basements are proposed.

6.3 In accordance with central and local government planning policy and guidance, a desk based assessment has been undertaken to clarify the archaeological potential of the study area.

6.4 The study site is located within the Bermondsey Lake Archaeological Priority Zone as defined by the Southwark Borough Council.

6.5 The study site is considered to have a medium to high potential for the existence of peat and consequently palaeo-environmental remains to be present on site, a low to medium potential for remains of Prehistoric human activity and for the Roman period and a low potential for the Medieval and the Post Medieval periods.

6.6 Modern activity at the study site is likely to have severely truncated any archaeological deposits that may have been present.

6.7 In view of the study site’s archaeological potential, combined with the past depositional impacts, the redevelopment proposals are considered unlikely to have a significant or widespread negative archaeological impact. If archaeological remains are present at the site, the available information indicates that they would be of local significance.

6.8 It is therefore considered that any archaeological interest on the site can be secured by an appropriately worded planning condition attached to the granting of consent. It is recommended that a geo-archaeological borehole survey is undertaken at the study site to determine the presence, extent and significance of archaeological deposits at the study site.

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SOURCES CONSULTED

General British Library Greater London Historic Environment Record National Archives

Internet British Geological Survey http://www.bgs.ac.uk/ 2017 British History Online – http://www.british-history.ac.uk/ Historic England: The National Heritage List for England – http://www.historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/

Bibliographic British Geological Survey. (1996) British Regional Geology London and the Thames Valley, Fourth Edition.

Chartered Institute for Archaeologists. (2014), Standard and Guidance for historic environment desk based assessment.

Department of Communities and Local Government National Planning Policy Framework 2012

London Topographical Society/London & Metropolitan Archives. (2005), The London County Council Bomb Damage Maps 1939-1945.

Margary, Ivan D. (1955), Roman Roads in Britain:I, South of the Foss Way – Bristol Channel, London,.

Mills. (2010), A Dictionary of London Place-Names 2nd edition.

Sidell, J. et al. (2004) The prehistory and topography of Southwark and Lambeth. MoLAS Monograph 4.

Cartographic 1729 Senex Map 1766 Rocque Map London

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1797 Stockdale Map 1822 Cary Map 1842 St Giles Camberwell Tithe Map 1848 Wyld Map 1861-62 Weller Map 1877 Stanford Map 1916 Ordnance Survey Map 1937 Ordnance Survey Map 1945 Bomb Damage Map 1952 Ordnance Survey Map 1962 Ordnance Survey Map 1983-87 Landmark Historical Map 2016 Google Earth Image

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N:\23000-23999\23429 - 62 Hatcham Road, South Bermondsey\Figures\Mapping\GIS\Projects\Figure 1.mxd LW / 16.06.17

STEPNEY A40 A1 A12 A10 A1202 A1203 A1020

Enfield A300 A101 POPLAR A102 A301 A201 A100

Barnet TOWER HAMLETS LONDON BORO A3201 Harrow Waltham A23 Haringey Forest Redbridge A2205 A1206 Havering A201

Brent Hackney Islington Camden Barking and BERMONDSEY Isle of Dogs Hillingdon Dagenham Tower Newham Hamlets Ealing 4 A2203 3 LAMBETH 2 Southwark A200 1 Greenwich SOUTHWARK LONDON BORO A206 Hounslow A202 GREENWICH LONDON BORO Lambeth Bexley Wandsworth Lewisham Richmond A215 Upon Thames GREENWICH LONDON BORO

CAMBERWELL A20 Merton A2 Kingston Upon A2214 Thames Bromley A23 Blackheath Sutton LEWISHAM LONDON BORO Croydon A2216 A2215 1 Hammersmith & Fulham A2217 A21 2 Kensington & Chelsea

3 City of Westminster BRIXTON A2214 4 City of London LEWISHAM

A204 178000

535000 535500

Scale at A4: 1:4,000 0 100m

Site Boundary ± Figure 1: Site Location

PlanningHeritage● www.cgms.co.uk

© Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office. Licence No: AL 100014723 Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right [2016] N:\23000-23999\23429 - 62 Hatcham Road, South Bermondsey\Figures\Mapping\GIS\Projects\Figure 2.mxd LW / 16.06.17

!( ELO13102 ELO13102 FG MLO77143 MLO76325

MLO104805 ELO13102 PlanningHeritage● www.cgms.co.uk !( ELO16375 MLO104805 !( 178500 ELO9935 Site Boundary

ELO853 Search Radius 750m

Designated MLO104805 ELO1925 Heritage Assets:

!(!( ELO4533 $+ Listed Building ELO7950 MLO89367 MLO74893 Conservation Area ELO2767 London Square ELO2767 Archaeological Priority Area DLO35762 - London to Lewes Road

ELO2767 DLO35764 - Bermondsey FG MLO8743 ELO15288 ELO2767 DLO35341 ELO13293 Lake ELO2767 DLO35767 - Old Kent ELO2767 ELO2767 Road ELO2767 MLO63987 DLO35839 - Thames MLO98360 ELO11318 MLO101393 MLO60721 Alluvial Floodplain MLO105227 ELO2767 !( DLO35840 - Thames and

178000 ELO11516 Ravensbourne Terrace !( MLO101131 MLO72777 MLO108565 ELO16351 Gravels ELO11183 MLO4264 DLO35841 - Watling ELO6951 ELO11150 Street and the 'Deep- Ford' DLO35767 - Old Kent ELO15012 ELO6980 Road, APA !( Non-Designated ELO10587 ELO11976 ELO13381 MLO104864 Heritage Assets: FG MLO60722 MLO108564 ELO3725 HER Record (Point) ELO10560 FG Find Spot !( MLO60721 ELO6083 DLO35839 - Thames Alluvial Floodplain, APA !( MLO103254 FG !( MLO60721 Monument ELO11068 ELO9945 HER Record (Linear) MLO8778 ELO9316 ELO10560 Monument MLO71139 ELO17145 ELO6951 !( HER Record (Polygon) !( !( MLO60721 Historic Building ELO3992 MLO19469 Monument DLO35764 - Bermondsey ELO13385 !( MLO60721 ELO11516 Park Lake, APA ELO14277 ELO2691 ELO16346 MLO62914

MLO58925 DLO35840 - Thames and Previous Archaeological Ravensbourne Terrace ELO10623 MLO58927 Work: !( Gravels, APA ELO3992 177500 ") Event Record (Point) ELO10607 ELO4210 ELO14224 !( MLO66169 Event Record (Linear) ELO2618 MLO11490 Hatcham, CA MLO66170 DLO35841 - Watling Street Event Record (Polygon) !( and the 'Deep-Ford', APA Caroline Gardens, CA MLO74389 MLO105138 MLO5606 !( ELO6476 !( Scale at A3: 1:6,000 MLO15684 MLO10244 0 200m !(!( MLO10299 !( ELO12983 !( !( ELO12735 ELO13758 ELO14950 MLO10299 Figure 2: ELO12642 HER Data Plot DLO35762 - London to !( MLO105138 Lewes Road, APA ± (data from Greater London HER)

534500 535000 535500 536000 © Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office. Licence No: AL 100014723 © English Heritage 2016. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2016 The Dataset contained in this material was obtained on 16.06.17 N:\23000-23999\23429 - 62 Hatcham Road, South Bermondsey\Figures\Mapping\GIS\Projects\Figure 3.mxd LW / 16.06.17

Scale at A4: 1:25,000 0 500 m

Site Boundary Figure 3: ± 1729 Senex Map

PlanningHeritage● www.cgms.co.uk

© Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office. Licence No: AL 100014723 Contains OS data © Crown copyright [and database right] 2016 N:\23000-23999\23429 - 62 Hatcham Road, South Bermondsey\Figures\Mapping\GIS\Projects\Figure 4.mxd LW / 16.06.17

Scale at A4: 1:12,000 0 250 m

Site Boundary Figure 4: ± 1766 Rocque Map of London

PlanningHeritage● www.cgms.co.uk

Scale at A4: 1:12,000 0 250 m

Site Boundary Figure 5: ± 1797 Stockdale Map

PlanningHeritage● www.cgms.co.uk

Scale at A4: 1:7,500 0 150 m

Site Boundary Figure 6: ± 1822 Cary Map

PlanningHeritage● www.cgms.co.uk

Scale at A4: 1:5,000 0 125 m

Site Boundary Figure 7: ± 1842 St Giles Camberwell Tithe Map

PlanningHeritage● www.cgms.co.uk

Scale at A4: 1:5,000 0 125 m

Site Boundary Figure 8: ± 1848 Wyld Map

PlanningHeritage● www.cgms.co.uk

Scale at A4: 1:4,000

0 100 m

Site Boundary Figure 9: ± 1861-62 Weller Map

PlanningHeritage● www.cgms.co.uk

Scale at A4: 1:2,000 0 50 m

Site Boundary Figure 10: ± 1877 Stanford Map

PlanningHeritage● www.cgms.co.uk

Scale at A4: 1:1,500 0 40 m

Site Boundary Figure 11: ± 1916 Ordnance Survey Map

PlanningHeritage● www.cgms.co.uk

Scale at A4: 1:1,000 0 25 m

Site Boundary Figure 12: ± 1937 Ordnance Survey Map

PlanningHeritage● www.cgms.co.uk

Scale at A4: 1:1,500 0 40 m

Site Boundary Figure 13: ± 1945 Bomb Damage Map

PlanningHeritage● www.cgms.co.uk

Scale at A4: 1:1,000 0 25 m

Site Boundary Figure 14: ± 1952 Ordnance Survey Map

PlanningHeritage● www.cgms.co.uk

Scale at A4: 1:1,000 0 25 m

Site Boundary Figure 15: ± 1962 Ordnance Survey Map

PlanningHeritage● www.cgms.co.uk

Scale at A4: 1:750 0 20 m

Site Boundary Figure 16: ± 1983-87 Landmark Historical Map

PlanningHeritage● www.cgms.co.uk

Scale at A4: 1:750 0 20 m

Site Boundary Figure 17: ± 2016 Google Earth Image

PlanningHeritage● www.cgms.co.uk

0 10 m 1:400 at A4

Site Boundary Figure 18: Proposed Development: H E R I T A G E Ground Floor P A R T O F R P S

© Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the controller of HM Stationery Office Licence No: AL 100014723 Contains OS data © Crown copyright [and database right] 2018 N:\23000-23999\23429 - 62 Hatcham Road, South Bermondsey\Figures\Mapping\CAD\Appendix and Plates.dwg CF/ 23.02.18

Plate 1: Entrance to study site from North

Plate 2: Entrance to study site from east N:\23000-23999\23429 - 62 Hatcham Road, South Bermondsey\Figures\Mapping\CAD\Appendix and Plates.dwg CF / 23.02.18

Plate 3: North-facing photograph taken from the central areaplate of site 3

Plate 4: East facing photograph taken from central area of site N:\23000-23999\23429 - 62 Hatcham Road, South Bermondsey\Figures\Mapping\CAD\Appendix and Plates.dwg CF / 23.02.18

Plate 5: Waste piled up within the study site

Plate 6: Waste piled up within study site Archaeological Desk Based Assessment Land at 62 Hatcham Road and 134-140 Ilderton Road, South Bermondsey, London SE15 1TW

Appendix 1: Exploratory hole locations (Jomas Associates Ltd 2017)

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Not to Scale: Illustrative Only

N Site Boundary Appendix 1: Exploratory hole locations H E R I T A G E (Jomas Associates Ltd 2017)

P A R T O F R P S