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Home , Ardeley, Ashendon, Axmouth, Bagstone, Barkway, Becontree Heath

. THE HUNDRED-N AMES

OF

THE SOUTH-EASTERN

I I ii;li! :/1, I :1 ill~ I

iidlill' , ;1·"I" ,

The most interesting feature of the history of the Buckinghamshire hundreds is the grouping together of the Domesday hundreds of the in threes, so that the nine modern hundreds correspond to 18 Domesday hundreds. The amalgamation seems to date approximately from the middle of the 13th century, though the hundreds may have been grouped together in this way as early as (VHBk I. 226 and reference). The modern hd contains the Domesday hds of Stodlald, Rovelai I' and Lam2la, those of Vofesdune, Tichesela and Essedene, lil~ those of Stanes, Riseberg and Elesberie, Cottesloe those of ',''',1 '1 i Mursalai, Erlai and Coteslau, and Newport those of Moleslou, Sigela,i and :"11' Bonestou. The three hundreds of southern Buckinghamshire, Desborough, Burnham and Stoke, were also grouped together as 'the Chiltern Hundreds', but here each hundred retained its separate identity. The grouping of the hundreds in threes has a parallel in the and Warwickshire 'ship-sokes', on which see Engl. Hundr. Names XIX, PNWa XIX, H. M. Cam in Hist. Ess. in Honour of J. Tait, 14 f_ The north-western scarp of the ::,'. Chilterns forms a barrier betwecp the J1l.'~greds of the Vale of Aylesbury I!A. 1.T .'"1\ 'Cr.,,: .and the Chiltern hundreds, though, as 'noted by Davies (Home Counties Magazine 6. 143 f.), the hundreds immediately north of the Chilterns all extend for a varying distance south-east of the Chiltern escarpment, thus giving to each hundred a share of each kind of soil. In the north of the county the Ouse formed the division between Stodlald and Bonestou and Rowlai, Lamua, Sigelai and Moleslou, the former two hundreds being north, the latter four south of the Ouse, and Ashendon and Aylesbury hds are separated by the . The old hundreds were on the whole regular and compact, though a few of them, such as Lamua, (the strip .E. of the Ouzel) and Burnham, are long and narrow. There are also some isolated portions belonging to various hundreds, the most interesting case being that of the old hd of Erlai, a, strip of which is cut off from its main area by the wedge of which protrudes into the county near Aylesbury. The arrangement suggests that this portion of Hertfordshire may once have belonged to Erlai hd too (cf. also Davies, p. 136).

Buckingham hd An amalgamation of the three Domesday hundreds of Stodlald, Rovelai and Lamua. Stodlald was N. of Buckingham and the Ouse in the extreme NW. of the county, containing the pars of Leekhampstead, Akeley, 2 O. S. Anderson The Enf(lish Hundred-Names

Lillingstone Dayrell, , . , Stowe, Water den, and half a mile W. of . The meaning is 'rough Stratford, . Westbury, and . Rovelai was hill' (OE rilh 'rough', 'knotty', 'uncultivated' and ltliiw 'hill', W. of Buckingham and S. of the Ouse, containing the pars of , ~arton Hartshorn, Che~wode, :reston Bissett, HilIesden; Lenborough, 'mound'); cf. Roborough hd Dv, Rowbarrow hd Do, Roeberge hd 1 and Bourton In Buckmgham (the latter two are referred to W, Brk. The Domesday form and two P forms show confusion Stodfald in 1316 FA, but w~re in Ruvelai in 1086, DB I. 144 a, 147 b); and, with OE leah 'clearing'. If the site is the one suggested above, dctached, Caversheld nr Blcester lin Buckingham hd till 1844) Thornton the meeting-place was in the eastern extremity of the hundred. (in Lamua hd in 1316 FA) and Beal,hampton nr Stony Stratfo~d. Lamua consisted of a narrow strip S. and E. of Buckingham, extending from Thornborough to Marsh Gibhon, further induding Padburv Lammra, Lammve, L(lIwva h1ind' 1086 DB, Lamue 1166 P, Mve Addington, , Twyford, , a~d Edgeott: 1227 Ass 54 m 19, la Ml/1lJe 1232 Fees, 1241, lIy3 Ass 55 m 17, 'l The first mention of the combined hd of Bnckingham is from 12M. 61 m 1, 1255 RH (La), 1303 FA, la Mue 1241, 1247 Fees, Mllta Stotald, Stodtald, Stodtalt hvnd' 1086 DB, Stottaldhr' 1175, Hy3, 1262 Ass 61 m 80., 58 m 23d, 26d, 1265 Mise, 1279 RH, Stodtoldhundredvm 1176, Stottaldlwlldredum 1179 P, Stodtold i'vlUl1:e 1262 Ass 58 m 30, Mutha 1276 RH, Lamuhe, la Muhe 1284 ~ 1227, 1274 Ass 54 ID 19,56 ID 3/(1, 1255 RH, Stodtold' 1232, 1262, FA, Mu€ 1303 SR 242/3, la Me1ve (sic) 1316, Moue 1346 FA. PNB~ Stodtald', Stottald 1241, Stottold 12H2 Ass 62 ID 20., 58 m 30, 26, Taken in (p. 51), to be identical with OE milga (milha, 55 m 17, 230., Stodtolde 1279 RH, n~03, 1346 FA, Stodta/de 1284, mi1.wa) 'a heap (of hay, corn)', 'a mow' (with the French article Stottolde 1316 FA: - OE stOdtald 'enclosure for a stud of horses'; prefixed '), used more generally of an artificial mound marking eL Stodfold hd Np, W. The site of the place according to Willis' the meeting-place; this is no doubt correct, though the occasional was in Lamport Ilr Stowe where there 'is a ground anciently known forms in -t(h)- (not noticed in PNBk), and the double -m- of by the name of Stock, or Stotield, which gave name to o~e of the Domesday, are remarkable. Probably, however, the former are three ancient Hundreds of this Division, now known by the name due to association with OE milfJa 'estuary' through popular ety­ I of Buckingham Hundred'. This is in the centre of the hundred, on mology.' Cf. .Mow Cop Ch (ODP). According to Lipscomb," Park fairly hi~h ~round, near the line of the Homan road from Bicester. Meadow in Steeple Claydon, on the east and north side of the church. and , was 'traditionally reported' to be the spot R01Jelai hvnd' 1086 DB, Ruela1rahdr' 1175, Rueleahundredum from which Lamua hd was named and where its court was an­ (sic) 1177, Ruelehundredwn 1178 P, Ruelaue 1185 Rot Dom, Ruge­ ciently held. Steeple Claydon, which is central for the hundred, lawe 1227, Ro(u)lawe 1232, Ruglwlawe, Rv(e)lawe 1241, Ruelowe, stands on a hill, at the crossing of several roads and tracks. Rvghelowe 1247 Ass 54 m 1\), 62 m Id, 28, 55 m 17, 23, 24, 56 m 39, 47, Royloyhe, Roylohe, Royleyhe 1255 RH, Rw.celO1l'e. Rll1Ve­ iij ltundr' de Buk' 1255 RH, tria hundreda de Bockingham lawe 1262 Ass 58 m 260., 30, Rowelowe 1262 ib m 27, 1303 SR 1284, rria hundreda de Bukingham 1316 FA, the three hundreds 242/3, 1346 FA, Rolou.·e 1276 RH, Roulowe 1284, 1316, Rovwelaue ot Buckingham 1526 LP. 1:)03 FA. - As "hmvn in PNBk (58) this is (to Il:,em) Rugan hlau'e Nameu from BUCKINGHAM, on which see PNBk 60, XXXII, 949 (12) BCS 883, in the bound8 uf and . The ODP s. v. name still existed in 1755 as R()WLEY HILLS; 'certain grounds in

Lenhorough Lordship, in the of Buckingham' (Browne 1 The unusual development of /1 is probably also due to Norman Willis, p. 2); in PNBk it is suggested that it originally applied influence (cl. PNBk I. c.). to the well-marked hill half a mill' N. of Stocking Wood in Hilles- • Prof. Zachrisson's derivation (OE mfJfJe, ESt 62, 99), hardly accounts for the early forms, with their uniform u, regular absence of th, and frequent medial ·w. , Browne Willis, The History and Antiquities of the Town, Hundred 3 George Lipscomh, The History and Antiquities of the County of and Dpanery of Buckingham, 1755, p. 280. Buckingham, Ill. 81. 4 O. S. Anderson The English Hundrell-Names

Asbendon hd is a river-name, and the variation between e and 0 and the form S. of Buckingham and Buckingham hd, W. of Aylesbury on the Wiathes- may point to a base in eu, but it is difficult to find any Oxfordshire border, bounded on the south by the Thame. The district further connection. PNBk (138) and Ekwall (ODP) sugge"t a originally contained the three hundreds of . Ixhill and Ashendon, which were combined under one bailiff in 1255 (RH I. 24), and are spoken pn *Wot or *Wott, but this nnme is unexplained, and has no of as tria hundreda de Essedone (Asshendone) in 1284 and 1316 FA. certain parallels (cI. PNBk I. c. and note, also possibly Wotys­ Waddesdon hd consisted of two distinct portions. one including E. and berlle 1409 PNSx fi64 '); in that case the -e- would presuIlluhly , Grandborough and (in Ashendon in 1316 FA), have to be explained as in Wednesday from OE Wi5dnesdlEg etc. and the other Waddesdon, Westcott, , and (cf. ERN 4fiO). For the a of t.he modern form cf. Jordan § 272. . Ixhill hd occupiell the western portion of the district, N. of Thame, consisting of the pars of Brill, , Chilton, , Second el. OE dfin 'hill', probably referring to the hill just W. , , ,' Oakley, , and, detached. of the village. (now in Oxfordshire), Towersey, lImeI', and part of Dinton. E. of Thame. Ashendon hd originally included the rest of Tiehesela, Tiehessele, Tieheshele, Tiehesele hd' 1086 DB, Yxe­ the modern hundred only, containing the pars of Ashendon, Upper and leahdr' (sic; var. Yxehellehdr') 1175, Yrhellehulldredum (var. Exe­ Lower Winchendon, , , LudgershalI, , Kingswood, Woodham, , N. Marston and Oving. helle-) 1176) Hyxehillehdr' 1177, Yxehellehundredum (var. Yxe­ Vutesdon(e), Votesdvne hd' 1086 DB, Wodtesdonahdr' (var. hille-) 1178, Hikeshellehundredum 1188 P, Ikesselle 1195 CurP, loVottesdon'-) 1175, Wottesdonehundredum 1176, Wottesdene­ Ixhulle 1227 Ass 54 m 16, Ickeshull' 1232 Fees, Ixhull' 1241 Fees, hundredum (sic) 1179, Wottesdon'hundredwn 1183 P, Hundr' de 1288 Abbr, Ikeshull' 1241 Ass 55 ID 17, 1242 P, 1262 Ass 58 m Wottesdone, Wottisdun 1195 CurP, Hundr' de Wotesdon' 1227, 24, 1286 QW, Ixsehull' 1241 Ass 5i'i m 22,Ixhill' 1247 Fees, llykes­ de Wettesdun' 1232 Ass 54 m 16, 62 m 4, 5, Hundr' de lVottes­ hull, Hickeshulle, Hukeshill 1255 RH, llikeshulle, Yckeshull 1265 don' 1227, 1241, 1247, 1262 Ass 54 m 16, 55 m 17, 56 m 40d, Mise, Hukeshull' 1276 RH, Iekeshaile (sic) 1284, Hykesulle 1303 58 m 22, Wottesden 1255 RH, Hundr' de Wattesdon (sic) 1276 FA, Ikeshulle 1303 SR 242/3, Iekeshulle 1316, Ixhulle 134fi FA. ­ RH, Hundredum de lVottesdone 1303, 1316, de Wotesdone 1346 The name is preserved in IXHILL (Fm), on the slopes N. of Thame, FA; Weftesdon 1337 Pat (deanery), hd of Woddesdon 1355 Black 1 m. S. of Oakley viI. This is Yxenhull' 1240 Cl, l.1:ehull 1240, Prince. Hyekeshull 1243 Lih, Ickeshull' 1244 Cl, Hixulle 1255 HH, llykes­ Called after WADDESDON, on Akeman Street 5 m. NW. of Aylesbury: hull' 1257, Hikeshill' 1259, Hixhull 1311 Cl, Hikkeshull 1337, Hies­ Votesdone 1086 DB, Wettesdon' 1167 P, 1262 Ass 58 m 22, WottesdonG ulle (p), Ixhull 1:347, Hikeshille 1397 Pat. In PNBk (127) the first 1168 P, Wottesdon' 1176, 1185 P, 1206, 1220 Cur, 1227 As.~ 54 m 16, 1242 el. is taken to be OE ""Rice pn, but this does not account for the Fees Votesdull 12 BM. Wottesdone 1212 RBE, TVotthesdune 1212 Fees. forms in Yxe(n)-, Ixe- (none of which are quoted there). As Wte;don' 1215 Cl, Wettesdenam 1222 Bracton, Wotesdon' 1224, 1242 Cl, Wottesdun 1224 Pat, Wettesdun' 1225 Cl (p), 1232 Ass 62 m 4d, Whot(t)esdon' indicated by the modern form and by the DB form with T- from 1241 Ass 55 m 5d, 26d, Wotteston 1241, Wotesdon 1245 Gross, Woddesdon' the prep. rot, which would only be apt to be prefixed to a word 1262 Ass 58 m 22, Wiathesden, Wothesdon 1289 Pap, Wotisden 1297 Pat, beginning with a vowel, the H- i.s doubtless inorganic. The vowel of Wodesdon' 13Z7 Frides, Wattesdon 1350 Pat, Wooddesden 1527 AD VI. the first syllable must have been -y-; note the -u- spellings from RH. The same first eI. occurs in (on, of) Wotesbroee 1004 (1312) Hence the first el. may be an OE *yxen (in the gen. *yxna), an un­ Frides, the name of the stream that rises SE. of Wa,ddesdon church, recorded sideform of the OE pI. oxan (exen) 'oxen', corresponding and apparently also in Watbridge Fm on this stream, 2 m. SW. to ON yxn, yxna, which also occur in PNs (cI. Hellquist s. Y. of Waddesdon, for which no early forms are known (PNBk 102). Yxnerum). For exen (*exna) in PNs cf. ODP s. v. Exton Ru, With these should be compared Wotesbl'oke- 1240 PNDv 16, the and v. Streitberg, Urgerm. Gram. § 180 (p. 256). Alternati,-ely, earlv name of Walla Brook Dv. The repented occurrence of Wotes­ bro~ and the name of Watbridge may suggest that the first el. , cr. also Reginald Wot (= Fot?) 1318 FF(Sx). t

6 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names 7

though less likely, it may be identical with that of Ixworth Sf, The 'Three Hundreds of Aylesbury' are first mentioned in 1233 Cl (Hj. hundreda de Ailesbir·), further references being (ballivus) triunl hundr· probably a pn *Gixa, *Gyxa (Skeat). The subsequent develop­ d'Heylesbur' 1255 RH, tria hundreda de Aylesbury 1284, (in) Tribuo' :1 ment is to some extent paralleled in , below, and the Hundredis de Ayllesbury 1316 FA. lckes-forms are possibly influenced by those of Ickford, close by. Second cl. DE hyll 'hill'. Stanes hvnd' 1086 DB, Staneshundredum ] 183 P, llundredurn de Stanes 1185 R.ot Dom, 1195 CurP, 1227 Ass 54 m 16d, 12.32 Fees, 1241, 1247, 1262 Ass 55 IJJ 17, 56 m 43, 58 m 23d, 1265 Esseden.(e) hd' 1086 DB, Essenrlon'hundredum 1191 P, Hundr' Mise, 1284 FA, HUllllr' de Stone 1303, 1316, 1346 FA. . de Essendun 1195 CurP, Hundr' de Assendon' 1227, 1232 Ass 54 Named from STONE 2 '/, m. SW. of Aylesbury: Stanes 1086 DB, 1214 m 16d, 62 m 4, Hundr' de Essendun' 1232 Ass 62 m 28d, Hund­ Cur, 1236 Fees, 1238 Cl, 12M , 1265 Mise, 1277 AD IV, Stanes ,1 redum de Essendon' 1241 Fees, 1247, 1262 Ass 56 m 39d, 58 m juxta Eylesbur' 1232 Ass 62 m 5, Stanes juxta Ayllesbur' 1286 Orig; Stane 21d, Hundr' de Essedon' 1241 Ass 55 m 17, Essesdon 1286 QW, 1320 Ch; Stone 1273 Gray, 1ilOi:l FA, 1324 Cl, Stone by Aylesbury 1336 Pat, Hundr' de Esshesdone 1303 SR 242/3, Hundredum de Asshesdone Ston 1343 Ipm. 1316, de Esshese[d]one 1346 FA. DE stanas 'stones', perhaps referring to remains of R.oman Called after ASHENDON, 7 m. W. of Aylesbury: Assedone, Assedune builrtings at Stone (cf. YHBk II. to) Of, as suggested in PNBk 1086 DB, Essend' 1200 Ch, Essendon' 1214 Cur, 1242 Fees, 1262 Ass 58 Ul 165, to stones that marked the hundred meeting-place. The village 21d, Assendon 1232 Ch, Essesdon' 1236 Fees, 1241 Ass 55 m 17, Esshendon' of Stone stands 011 a spur of land at. a cross-road on the high 1241 Ass 55 m 1, Assendon' 1248 Cl, Essedone 1255 RH, Esshendone 1316 FA, road from Aylesbury, and would be a convenient centre for the Asshendon 1324, Asshedon 1325 Cl, Esshesdon 1334 Ipm, Asshyndon 1361 Cl, Aysshesdon 1363 Ch. hundred. 'Ash hill' (DE cpscen 'ashen', here 'covered with ash' and dfin Riseberg, Risberg(e) hvnd' 1086 DB, Risembergehundr' 1130, 'hill'); cf. PNBk 102. Ashcndon village stands on a hill, once Risebergehdr' 1156, Risebergahdr' 1158 P, Hundr' de Riselberge, clearly the meeting-place of the hundred. Riseberga 1195 CurP, Hundredum de Riseberge 1199 P, Bundr' de Risenberg' 1227 Ass 54 m 17, HI/udr' de Rysebergh' 1232 Ass Aylesbury hd 62 m 5rt, Bundr' de Risenbergh' 1241 Ass 55 m 21d, Hundredum The district round Aylesbury, and Princes Risborough, mainly de Riseberg' 1247 Fees, Hundr' de Rysebergh 127(\ HR, Ressen­ N. of t.he Chilterns, bounded on the north by the Thame. It was originally berg 1286 QW, llundredum de Ryseborwe 1303, de Hiseburghe divided into the three hundreds of Stone, Risborough and Aylesbury. Stone 1346 FA. hd was W. of Aylesbury, and S. of the Thame, consisting of the pars of Named from RISBOROUGH (Princes and Monks), at thp foot of the Stone, Hartwell, Cuddington, Haddenham, Dinton and Gt. and Lt. Kimble. Chilterns on the main road from to Aylesbury and Thame: In Domesday lIfissenden is also referred to Stone hd, but it was in Aylesbury (

1 It is placed in Risborough hd in the map accompanying PNBk, and 1 Other, late forms: (at) Risenburga KeD 689, Risberghe KCD 690, erroneously referred there in PNDv p. L. Hrysebyrgan KCD 896; cf. ESt 62. ~)6. 8 0, S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names 9

Riseburg' 1237, Risebereu:e 1243 Cl, Risingberg 1244 Pat Rysenberg' 1248 Cl The t'ame first el. enters into several other names, as Ayles­ R~sseberg ~fanachar' 1272 Ipm, Ryseberu:e 1287 Mise, Ryseberge 1291 Tax: ford K, Ailsworth Np, Ayl8sbeare Dv, etc. It is generally held to Rtsemberge 1300 Ipm, Parm Rysheberge 1316 FA, Resebergh 1325 Cl Manekenrisebaurgh 1346, Risburgh Mayne 1347 Pat; Rysburgh princip~ be a pn *£gel, not on ind8pend8nt record, but having counter­ 1359 Ipm. parts in Goth Agil (AgUa),' O~ Egill; v .,PNBk 145 WallenberO"e' The name is identical with (to) Hrysan beorge 956 (12) BCS PNK 145, Ekwall, ODP s. v. Ailsworth, Aylesbury. Second el. OF; 948 (W). In PNBk (170) the first el. of Risboroug'h is derived burg 'fortr8sS', etc. In the 13th century, judging by the entry ­ from OE *hrisen 'of brushwood', an adj. formed from ilris 'brush­ '(cum) Simon de Litlington' ballivus vicecomitis tenere!. hund­ wood', but as the form hrisan (hrysan) occurs in three fairly good redum de Ailesberi apud Stok' et milites 8t libere tenentes sum­ moniti essent ad veniendum illuc' 1212 Cur, the hundred court OE texts (OTIC of which is reputed an original) it seems doubtful whether it can be looked upon as a mere reduetion of *hrisenan. was held at Stoke Mandeville, 2 m. S. of Aylesbury. Rather it would seem that Hrisan- is the gen. sg. of a noun *hrise The Chiltern Hunllreds is a name applied to the three hundreds f., whieh may mean 'brushwood' (formed from like from hris pyrne of Desborough, Burnham and Stoke i~ the south of the count\'. from their porn, bi,ce from beorc etc.), or, as assumed by Zachrisson (ESt situation in the Chiltern district. The four hundreds and a half ·of southern 62. 96), 'a piece of land covered with brushwood'. Second el. OE Oxfordshire also belonged to the 'Chiltern Hundreds'; v. NED. The group beorg 'hill', referring to the Chilterns, though the confusion with is first mentioned in 1233 (Cl (homines) iij. hundredarum de CyUr'), further OE burg is remarkably early. The OE forms in Hris- (Hrisbeorg) references being frequent (tria hundr' Ciltrie 1255 RH, tria hundreda de CiUre 1284, Tria hundreda de Cyltre 1316 FA, (hd of) the three hundreds are probably influenced by the simple word hr'is; they are not at Chiltre 1459 Ch, three Hundreds at Chiltern 1570 D). supported by the .ME forms (cf., however, ESt 1. c.). The m of some forms is due to assimilation to the following b, and forms Desborough htl in 1 to Norman influence (lPN 106 f.). The ing of a few spellings In the SW. of the county on tht' Thames, containing the pars of High is analogical (Jordan § 176). For Monks and Princes v. PNBk. Wycombe, Wooburn, Hedsor, Hughenden, Bradenham, Saunderton, Radnage .. and the pars S. and W. of these. Dvsteberge, Dvstenberg hd' 1086 DB, lJustebergahdr' 1175, Elesberie hd' 10813 DB, Ailesberiahdr' 1169, Ailisberihdr' 1175, 1189, Dustebergahundredum 1183, 1185, 1191 P, Dusteberge 1185 £ilisberihundredum 1179, Ailesberihundredum 1191, Ailesberia­ Rot Dam, 1195 CurP, hundredum 1193 P, Bundr' de Eillesbir' 1195 CurP. Hunclr' de Dusteleberg', Dusteberg', Dustebrug' Duste­ bergehundredum 1196 P, Dusteberg' 1227, 1247 Ass 54 m 15, Ailesbir', Ailesbires 1227 Ass 54 m 16d, 17, llundredu'm de Eyles­ 56 ID 46, Dustebergh' 1232, 1241 Ass 62 m 8, 55 m 20,2 Dustel­ bur' 1232, de Aylesbir' 1241, de Eylesbyr' 1247 Fees, Hundr' de bergh' 1241, 1262 Ass 55 m 20d, 58 m 24d, Dosteberge 1255 RH, Aylesbur' 1262 Ass 58 m 23, Bundr' de Aylesbirs, Eylsbirs' 1286 Dustelberwe, Dustilberg', Dustilbir' Hy3 Ass 61 m 1, 3, 4, Dustle­ QW, Bl.lndredum de Aylesbury 1316, de Aillesbury 1346 FA. ber(e)l1"e, Dustelesberg', Dustlebery', Destelbergh' 1262 Ass 58 m Called after AYLESBl'RY: £geles bUl'g 891 (s. a. 571), £gles byrig 921 ASC(A), (ret) £geles byrig e 970 (12) BCS 1174, Eilesberia, Elesberie 1086 21, 30, 21d, 23, 24d, Dusteburgh 126;') Mise, Dusteber' 1276 RH, D~, (ec~lesiam) Eilesbiriensem 1070--87, Heilesberia 1090, Aleberes 1139, Dusteborwe 1284 Mise, 1303 FA, 1332 SR 242/4, Desburue, Duste­ Azlesberze 1135-47, Aeilesbiria 1155-61, Elesbirie 1163 Reg Ant. Ailesberia burwe 1284 FA, Dosteborewe 1303 SR 242/3, Dustlebe'rghe 1316, 1169, Ailisberia 1173, Ailesberia 1177, 1190 P, Ailesberi 1180 P, 1196 Cur, J)osteborowe, Dusteburghe 1346 FA, Dysborowe 1526 LP, Vis­ Aillesbir' 1195 P, 1204 Ch, Ailisburi, Aillisbur' 1195 CurP, Eilesbir' 1195 burrough 1610 Speed. - The meeting-place of the hundred was FFP, 1230 Cl, Ailesbir' 1200 Cur, 1228, 1234 Cl, Eilesberi 1213 Cur, Ailebir' 1216 Ch, Eyllesbir' 1216 Pat, Ailesbires, Ailesbire, -bery 1227 Ass 54 m 16d, 17, Eylesbur' 1232 Fees, 1250 Cl, Eyleber' 1236, Allesbyr' 1241 Cl, Eylebires , Schi5nfeld, Wiirterbuch der altgerm. Personen- u. Volkernamen, p. 3.

(p) 1241 Ass 55 m 17, Eyllesbur' 1251 CL Alesbiry 1252 Pat, Ayllesburys 7 The form Dusleberg 1241 Ass (PNBk 174) is not on the roll. It seems 1297 Ipm. to be an error for Duste-. 10 O. S. Anderson ,-I The" English Hundred-Names 11 probably at DESBOROIlGH CASTLE (Dusteburg' 1227, Dustebergh' 42. The explanation given in PNBk (216) from apn *Byrna or 1232, Dustelbergh' 1241 Ass 54 m 16, 62 m 8d, 55 m 21d, BTun(n)a complicates matters unnecessarily, besides hardly agree­ Dusteberg 1237 Ch, Dusteburwe 1279 RH, 1303 FA, Dusteburgh ing with the early forms. 1336 Pat, Dustebonoe 1346 FA (all p), Dustleburgh 1389 VHBk Ill. 135), a pre-historic earth-work, now in process of being Stoke lId built over, on the crest of the hill above High Wycombe In the south-eastern extremity of the county on the Thames. including (for a detailed description' see VHBk II.24, Ill. 135), though Eton and , the pars of Stoke Poges, Hedgerley and Gerrarels Cross, the name does not primarily refer to the earth-work, its second and the pars E. of these. el. being OE beorg 'mound', 'hill'. The first el. is derived Stoehes hd' 1086 DB, 1166 P, Hundredum de Stokes 11R5 in PNBk (p. 207) from OE dweorge-dwostle, d'Weorge-d(w)osle, Rot Dom, 1195 CurP, 1196 P, 1232, 1241, 1247 Ass 62 m 7, 55 m dVi,l/rge-dwysle, 'penny-royal'. This is an interesting suggestion, 17, 56 m 44d, Hundr' de Stukis 1195 CurP, Hllndr' de Stok' 1255 and probably correct, though as the vowel of the first syllable RH, 1286 QW, Hundredllrtl de Stoke 1284, 1303, 1316, 1346 FA. was apparently u (in spite of isolated e-speIlings), the phonology Named from STOKE PaGES in the we~t of the hundred nr Slough: is not quite clear. The etymology of OE d(w)os(t)le is, however, Stoches 1086 DB, Stokes e 1120 BM, 1195 CurP, 1242 Fees, 1254 Norwich, Estokis (p) 1195 CurP, Stok' 1200 Cur, 1242 Fees, Stoke 1222 WellsR, uncertain, and the explanation cannot therefore be dismissed for Stokepogeis 1292; Stoke Puges, Pogeys 1302 Ipm. that reason alone.! The n of one Domesday form is due to Nor­ OE stoe, on the meaning of which see EkwalI, SPN 35-43. man influence; v. PNBk I. c. The meaning in this case may have been 'meeting-place' (ib. 38). On the pI. form, cf. ODP s. v. stoe. Poges from the local family, Burnham lId v. PNBk 244. A district in t.he south of the county, E. of Desborough hd, surrounding Beaconsfield, Amersham and . It is a long, narrow hundred on the south side of the Chilterns, extending from near their northern Cottesloe hd escarpment t.o the Thames at Taplow. N. of Aylesbury in the east of the cOllnty containing the three aIel Bvrneham, Berneham hd' 1086 DB, Burhamhdr' 1166, Burn­ hds of Mursley, Cottesloe and Yardley, which were grouped together under one bailiff as early as 1255 (RH), and were amalgamated by the latter hamhundredum 1175, 1180, 1183, 1188 P, Hundredurtl de Bulen­ half of the century (tria hllndrerla de Coteslowe 1284, 1316 FA). Mursley harn 1185 Rot Dom, Burnehamhundredum 1196 P, hundr' de hd contained the NW. portion of the modern hundred, E. of Buckingham, Burneham 1195 CurP, 1241 Ass 55 m 20, hundredum de Burne­ including the pars. of Wimlow, Gt. and Lt. Horwood, Nash, Whaddon, ham 1232, 1241 Fees, Hundredum de Burnham 1247 Fees, 1265 Brook End, Tattenhoe, Mursley, , , Dunton, Mise, 1316, 1346 FA. Btewkley and , forming a compact area surrounding Mursley. Cottesloe hd was IV. of and N. of Aylesbury, containing Named from t.he viI. of BURNHAlI near Slough, in the extreme south of Linslade. , Grove. , Wing, IVingrave, Weedon, Hardwiek, the hundred: ?Bllmham 880-5 (c 1030) RCS 553 (ODP), B'/J"rneham 1086 DB, Whitchurch, , and AsIOn . Yardley hd occupied Burneham (p) 1165 P, Burnham 1185 Rot Dom, 1207 Cur, 1234 Cl, 1236 Fees. the eastward projection of the county N. of , including- the pars of 1244 Gross, 1268 Ch, Bllrneham 1198 FFP, 1215---19 WellsR, 1222 Pat, 1254 . Slapton, . , and lvinghoe, Norwich. Bnrnham 1303 J<'A. Brunham 1352. 1358 Black Prince. BOllrnham 1562 BM'. . . . but also. detached. , ChoJesbury and Hawridgf', lying along the border of the county S. of Tring. and separated from the main 'Homestead (OE hiim) on a stream' (OE burna). Burnham is portion of the hundred by the Spur of Hertfordshire which reaches down on a stream called the Bourne hy Leland and Harrison; v. ERN towards Ayleshury. Mrrsalai, Mvselai, Moselai' hvnd' 1086 DB, Mllresleahdr' 1189 Walde.Pokorn~· 1 Cl. 1. 846. OE dwostle < *dweostle (cf. sweostor, P. Hundr' de Muresle 1195 CurP, 1227 Ass 54 m lSd, 1241 Fees, su'os(or, swustor, ME suster); or OE *dustle by the side of dostle (with lE from dU'eorge-)? ! M:lY refer to Moulsoe, but formally identical with Mursley. 12 O. S. Anderson The En~lish Hundred-Names 13

1262 Ass 58 m 23d, 1265 Mise, 1303 SR 242/3, 1346 FA, Hund­ 1255 Rll, Erlee Hy3, 1262 Ass 61 m 1, 58 m 30, Herle 1286 QW. redum de Mureslegh' 1232, de Mursl' 1247 Fees, Hundr' de Mursle ~ The name remains in YARDLEY Fm (6") in Pitstone, near the Hy3, 1247 Ass 61 m 1,56 m 47, 1303 FA, Bllndr' de Mursel' 1255 point where the pars of Pitstone, Cheddington and meet, RH, Hundr' de Mursele 1262 Ass 58 m 30, Ilundredum de Murslee a mile SE. of Cheddington viI. This is Erl' 1227 Ass 54 m 6, 1316 FA. Erie 1284, 1316 FA (p), 1339 Pat, Erlee (p) 1303 FA. - From I~ Called after MURSLEY, 3 m. E. of Winslow: Muselai 1086 DB, Mureslai OE ""Earn-leak 'eagle clearing (wood)' or ""Ear-leak 'gravel clear­ 1147--66 PNBk, MeTselai 1155 .France, MUTselai 1152--8 Oxf, MUTeslea (p) 1189 P, Meresle (p) 1195 CurP, MUTesle 1195 CurP (p), 1200 Cur, 1201 FFH, jnO"e' the first cl. being OE earn 'eagle'..or *ear 'earth', 'gravel', 1241 Ass 55 m 25, 1242 Pat, 1254 Norwich, 1290 Cl, 1309 Pat, MUTeslega more probably the latter; cL ODP s. v. Earley, Arley, Enth, Yarlet, 1200 Cur, MeTesle 1203 Cur, 1349 Ipm, MeTest 1211 FFH, Museleg' 1219 Cur, PNIIu 205 and reference, KPN 17.' For initial y cf. Jordan NUTesl' 1230, 1235 CL 1240 Gross, 1242 Fees, 1262 Ass 58 m 28, JfuTesleg' § 283. (p) 1243 Cl, MUTle, MUTSl' 1247 Ass 56 m 41, MUTsle 1252 Ipm, 1269 Pat, 1276 Grav, 1300 Ipm, 1329 Cl, 1347 Mise, MUTsel' 1255, 1279 RH, MUTsleye Coteslav, Coteslai, Coteshale, Coteshala, Corteshala hvnd' 1285 Pat, MUTsele 1286 QW, 1376 Pat, MUTslee 1303 FA, 1331 Ipm, MUTselee 1086 DB, Coteslawe 1185 Rot Dom, 1241, 1247, 1262. Ass 55 m 1315 Ch, MUTesele 1340 NI, MUTslegTove 1350 Ipm, MUTTeslee 1369 AD I. 17, 56 m 41<1, 58 m 22, 1265 Misc, 1286 QW, 1303 SR 242/3, In PNBk (p. 70) the first el. is taken to be a lost pn *Jlyrsa, Cotesla1J:ehundredum 1188 P, Cotteslawe 1195 CurP, 1227, 1232, which is explained either from *Myrgsa, earlier *Myrgisa, a deriva­ 1241 Ass 54 m 18d, 62 III 1, 55 m 25d, Cotesle, Coddeslawe 1241 tion of the stem of OE myrge 'merry', or as a derivation of the Ass 55 m 6d, 22d, Cotesl' 1255 RH, Koteslowe 1262 Ass 58 m 30, Germ stem *murs 'to crumble' found in G morsch, MHG mursch, Codeslowe 1275 Cl, CoteslO1re 1276 RH, 1303, 1316, 1346 FA, 'rotten', 'decaying', 'decomposeLl' etc., MHG zermilrsen 'to crush' Codeslawe 1286 QW. - The meeting-place of the hundred must (Torp 311). The -u- of the ME and modern forms is then due have been near N. and S. COTTESLOE in Wing, v,Thich are fairly to a Llevelopment of y > u in front of rs (Luick § 397). The eentral though, owing to its crescent-like shape, near the north­ Mures-forms seem to be due to a kind of metathesis; d. Ixhill, western boundary of the hundred. The site is on high ground, above. The stem-vowel, however, may well have been -u- origi­ and must command a fine view to the south and east across the nally, in spite of the occasional e-forms which occur, and which hundred. The name is explained in PNBk (p. 87) from an OE might he taken to point to -y-; they are to some extent paralleled pn *Cott; but Burcott village is only a mile distant, just E. of in Burnham and Desborough, above, which had u. If so, the the hill on which N. antI S. Cottesloe are, so that Cottesloe may first el. may be directly connected with MHG mursch 'decayed', well be 'the hill belonging to the cot', i. e. to Burcott (OE *burg­ 'rotting', etc., whose OE counterpart would be *murs. *1'rlursan­ cot or bur-cot, on which cf. PNBk 87, ODP s. v.); second el. OE leage would mean 'decaying, rotten wood', or the like, which gives hliiw 'barrow', 'hill'. If the meaning of hUiw is 'barrow', however, an acceptable sense. - The meeting-place of the hundred may (no barrow seems now to be found at Cottesloe), the first el. is have been at the top of the hill just E. of the village, the highest no doubt the pn ""Cott. Most of the Domesday forms are corrnpt point in the district (PNBk 66). (PNBk 75).

Erlai hvnd' 1086 DB, &rlegahundredum 1183, Erleahundr.e­ Newport dum 1185, Erlehundredum 1196, Erleiehundredum 1197 P, Erle The northernmost portion of the county, surrounding . 1195 CurP, 1227, 1241, 1247 Ass 54 m 19L1, 55 m 25, 56 m 47, The district originally consisted of three hundreds, Moulsoe, Seckloe and Runstv which were combined in the 13th century into the new hd of 1276 RH, 1284, 1303, 1316, 1346 FA, Erele 1227 Ass 54 m 17d, Newp~;t (below). Moulsoe hd occupied a narrow strip along the 1303 SR 242/3, 1346 FA, Herlegh' 1232 Ass 62 m Id, Erlegh' 1232 ib m 28, 1262 Ass 58 m 25, Ersle 1247 Ass 56 m 41d, Erlea 1 The derivations given in PNBk (OE "EoTlan-leah 'Eorla's clearing' or "'eTe-leak 'clearing for ploughing', p. 100) are withdrawn in PNER p. xlv. 14 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names 15

border, E. of the Ouzel, containing the pars of Gt., Lt. and Bow . Sigelai h1)nd' 1086 DB, Seggeslau 1156, Seglawehdr' 1166, Walton, , , Broughton, Moulsoe, N. ; Seggeslawahundredum 1183, Segelawehundredwn 1185, 1188, , , . , Newton Blossomville. and Astwood, bounded on the north by the Ouse. Seekloe hli Seggelawahdr' 1189 P, Seggel' 1185 Rot Dom, Seggeslawe 1227, l wasW. of the Ouzel and S. of the Ouse, containing, on the south, the pars 1262 Ass 54 m 18, 58 m 2Hd, 1276 RH, Seggelawe 1232, 1247 of , , , , Shenley Fees, 1262 Ass 58 m 27, 1276 RH, Segelawe 1232, 1241, 1262 Ass Church End and Calverton. Bunsty hd included the northern extremity of 62 m 10d, 55 m 17, fi8 m HO, 1255 RH, 1265 .Mise, 1279 RH, the county, N. and W. of the Ouse, and with Filgrave E. of Segghelawe 1241, Sigelalce Hy3 Ass 55 m 28, 61 m 9d, Sege­ the Ouse. lotce 1279 RH, 1284, 1303 FA, Seglou;e 1303 SR 242/3, 1316, Moleso'Veslav, Moleslot' (sic; for -hov), JIJoslei(e) , Jljoisselai, 1346 FA. 1427 Ipm. - The meeting-place of the hundred was ilfoslai hd' 1086 DB, Minesho hdr' (sic) 1166, :lJoleshohdr' 1167, probably' on Bradwell Common. In 1351 (Black Prince) there is IlJuleshodhdr' (sic; var. Muleshouhdr') 1175, Moleshouhundredwn mention of 'land in Lllttoyne lying near Segelawe' (Loughton, 1177, Muleshohundredum 1185, 1188, 119G P, Hundr' de J1Julesho adjoining Bradwell on the south), and there are 17th century 1227, 1247, 1262 Ass 54 m 18d, 56 m 37d, 58 m 27d, hundredum de Muleshou 1232 Fees, 1241 Ass ,~5 m 17, Molesho 1241 ib m references to fields called Secloe (1639), Seclo (1693) and Seck­ ley (17) in Bradwell and Loughton (PNBk 17). The site was 26d, 1303, 1316 FA, Hundr'm de J1Julsho 1247 Ass 56 m 37, 1286 QW, 1346 FA, Hundr'm de Muleshowe, Mollesho 1262 Ass central for the' hundred, it is high up, and is crossed by many roads and tracks. The meaning of the name is taken in PNBk 58 m 27, 30, hundr' de Jfolisho 1275 RH, lJundr' de Molsho 1303 SR 242/3. (p. 17) to be 'warriors' hill' (OE *Secga hWw), but then we should Called after MOULSOE, 2 m. SE. of Newport Pagnell: Molesho'V 1086 DB, expect a modern form in [d3]. A pn *Segga with hard [g] would Molossou 1106-1109, Moleshou c 1150 France, Molesho 1152-8 Oxf, 1236 suit the modern form and some earlier forms better; possibly, Fees, Mulesho 1199 P (p), 1203 Cur, 1233 WellsR, 1236 Fees, 1248 Cl, however, the modern form is due to some late, secondary change. 1 Mullesho 1242 Fees, 1319 BM, Moulesso 1251 Iprn, Mulso 1254 Cl, Muselo 1266 Pat, Moleshowe 1286 QW, Moleshel 1324 Ipm, Mulsho 1324 Ipm, 1325 Cl. Bonesto~' hd' 1086 DB, Bonisto,wehdr' (var. Bunestouehdr') 1344 BM. 1175, BunestouhllndredllJn 1176, 1198, Bunstowhundredum 1179, 'Mill's spur of land'; first el. OE Mul pn, second cl. hah 'l1E'cl', 1196, Bunestmrahundredwn 1183 P, Bunestowe 1185 Rot Dom, 'spur of land'; ef. PNBk 37. The pn is derived by Ekwall (ODP 1241, 1247, 1262 Ass 55 m 17, 56 m H5, 58 JIl 25d, Bonestowe s. v. Moulsecoombe) from an old word for 'muzzle' fonnd in G 1227, 1241, 1262 Ass 54 m 18, 55 m 2u, 58 m 30, 1275 RH, 1303 Maul, OHG milia, MLG mule fern., OFris miila, ON mull masc. FA Bunesto1J: 1232 Ass 62 m 4, Bunnestou-e 1247 Ass 56 m 47, Zaehrisson (StNPh 8. 83) takes the first el. of Moulsoe to be this BUl~stoue 1265 Mise, Bunstowe 1279 RH, 1284 FA, 1382 SR 242/4, word itself in the sense 'ridge', 'cliff', 'projection', 'headland', Bonstou:e 1303 SR 242/3, 1316, 1346 FA. - The name survives referring to a ridge N. of Moulsoe church, but so far no inde­ in BUNSTY Fm (Bouestowe (sic; for Bone-) 1230 Cl, Bunestowe pendent evidence for this use of the supp08ed English word has 1241 PNBk, Bonistey 127;), Bonisty 1276 RH), on the western been brought forward. The gen. of the first el. points to a pn. side of the Ouse. about a mile NW. of , on the boundary The meeting-place of the hundred was no doubt at the spur of between Gavhurst and Stoke pars. The first el. of land from which the village takes its name, both hundred and the name is 'probably OE Buna pn; second el. OE stow 'place'; on village being called after this spot. The first Domesday form of the meaning see ODP s. v. stow, Engl. Hundr.-Names pp. XXXIV, the hundred name means 'the hill (mound) of Moulsoe'; it is 130; it ma): here be 'burial-place' or possibly 'meeting-place'. In formed by the addition of OE hliiw 'hill' to the name of the PNWa XLI it is suggested that the first el. is rather OE bune village (PNBk 29), and thus refers to the site itself.l 'reed', but this does not go well with stow. Bd is hardly a , The last three Domesday forms are due to confusion with Murslcy safe parallel. Compounds of stow with a pn are by no means rare.'

(above); v. PNBk 29 note. 1 Cr. below p. 170. 16 O. S. Anuerson The English Hunured-Names 17

iij hundr' de Neuport 1275 RH, tria hundreda de Neweport Dimid' hllnd' de Buchelai, Bocheleia, Bochelui, Bvchelai hvnd' 1284, Tria hundreda de Neuport 1316 FA, the three hundreds of 1086 DB, dimidiul1i hundredwn de Bukeslawa 1188, dim' hdr' de Newportpanell 1526 LP. - Named from NEWPOHT PAGNELL, the Bukelawa 1189, 1190, Bukelaeu:ahllndreduJn 1194, Bucchelawe­ caput of the three combined hundreds, on which see PNBk 21. hundredllJn 1195, dim. hundredllm de Bukelmr' 1196, Bukelawe­ There is a reference to a hdr' de Niweport in 1169 P, but -this hundredum 1202 P, dimidillJJl hundreduJJl de Bukeslawe 1202, may have included the of Ne""port Pagnell only. half hd of BuckelaU"e 1227 Ass, dimidium hundredum de Bukelawe 1247 Fees, Di' Hundr' de Bukkelawe 1247 Ass 4 m 35, half-hundred of Bockelawe 1265 Mise, dimid' Hundr'm de Bockelou'e 1276 Ass Bedfordshire 7 m 26, half bailhl'ick of Bulkelowe (sic) 1279 Ipm, di' hundr' de The hundreds of are grouped along the Ouse, Bukkelewe, BlIkkelowe 1279 RH, Hundredum de Boclouwe 1284 their boundaries con,-erging on , which itself ranked as a 'half­ FA, dim' hundr' de Buckelowe 1287 Ass 11 m 28, 1316 FA. _ hundred' in 1066. The hundreds of are on the northern Identical with Bucklow hd Ch, meaning 'buck hill' (OE bucca slopes of the Chilterns_ Three more half-hundreds besides Bedford are 'buck') or 'Bucca's mound (hill)' (OE Bucca pn) most probably mentioned in Domesday; these survived until the 14th century, but are now merged iD other hundreds. The number of the mouern hundreds is the former; sec;ond el. OE hlaw, hlii3w 'hill', 'mound'; the -s- of nine. The hundreds are for the most part compact aDd uniform in area, two forms is intrusive. The site of the hundred meeting-place is but Stoddcn hd in the north of the county contains aD outlier near Bedford, not known. A Simon de Buckelawe is mentioned in 1307 in con­ ~md Flitt hd is narrow and straggling, extending along the Herts border nection with Oakley (PNBd 25), and Simon de Bukkelewe also N. of . The old half-hundred of Buchelai seems to have consisted of occurs under Clopham cum Ocle (Oakley) in the SR for 1309. three different portions, though this arrangement may not be original (cf. below). Clifton hd S. of is the smallest of the modern hds, This points to the site being actually in Oakley par, which may being on1y about one half the area of the adjacent hd of Flitt, though originally have belonged to Buchelai hd (d. abovc,.Jal so, however, assigned about the same number of hides in 1086.' This may be due PN Bd 25). partly to the latter hundred containing a large proportion of the Chilterns, which were formerly forest. The comparatively large extent of some other modern hundreds is due to their having absorbed the old 'half-hundreds' Hund' de Wilga, Wilye hund' 1086 DB, lVil'hdr' 1156, Wilie­ mentioned above. Mr' 1166, Widiehdr' (sic) 1169 P, Wilie 1202, 1240 Ass, 1242 P, 1265 Misc, 1279 Ipm, 1287 QW, Wilye 1227 Ass, 1287 QW, lVylie Willey hd 1240 Ass, 1303 FA, 1317 Misc, 1332 SU, Wyly 1247 Fees, 127H In the NW. of the county, NW. of Bedford, including on the east the Ass 7 m 26, Wylye 1276 ib m 32d, 1284 FA, 1309 SR, 1345 Ipm, pars of , , , , , , Wily Wyle Welye lVylly Bromham, and , bounded in part by the Ouse. A strip 1287 QW, 1316, 1428 FA, 1539 LP. 1570 along the eastern border of the hundred was once a separate hundred, the D, 1610 Speed: - OE welig, *wilig 'willow' (cf. NED s. v. willow). half hd of Buchelai, which included Stagsden, Biddenham, Bromham. The hundred meeting-place must have been at some prominent

Stevington, Pavenham, Bletsoe, but also part of Goldington (PutDoe, DB willow, but the site is not known. A family of de Wilye (etc.) 1 f. 212 b), aDd apparently (BRRS 1. 63) now in Barford hd. is mentioned in connection with Willey hd in the 13th and 14th These pars form three blocks separated by the borough of Bedford, which in 1086 was a half-hundred in itself (DB l. 209 a), and an outlier of Stodden centuries, and had lands in Turvey in 1:303 (FA), but whether hd iDcluding Clapham, Oakley and . If we may assume that the names are to be connected it is difficult to say. this piece of Stodden hd was once in Buchelai hd too, its area would become quite regular and compact. It has now become merged in WilIey 1 Hugh de Wilyes alias de Wilie (keeper of the bailiwick of JVilie ...) aDd Barford hds. 1279 Ipm, Hugo de Wilye (tenuit hundredum de Wylie) 1287 QVv'. Rog-erus f. Hugonis de Wylie 1303 FA (Turvey), ?Henriclls de Wylen 1303 SR 1 Cl. VHBd n. 260, 306. (Turvey). 2 Ifl O. R. Anderson The Engli~h Hundred-Names 19

Stodden hd Called after the ford whieh gives its name to the "il. of Gt. BARFoRD, N. of Bedford in the northern extremity of the county, containing the on the Ouse in the south of the hundred: Beretorde 1086 DB, Beretort pars of Knotting, Riseley, , and the pars N. of these; 1166---89 (1317) Ch, Beretord 1176 P (p), 1197 FF, 1207 Abbr, 1235 Gross, and an outlier just N. of Bedford borough induding Clapham, Oakley and 1240, 1252, 1273 FF, 1276 Ass 7 m 27d, 1300 Mise, Bereford' 1190 P, 1194 :Milton Ernest, separated from the main hody of the hundred by part of Cur I (p), 1231 FF, 1234 Cl, 1242 Fees, 1276 FF, Berforrl' 1257 FF, Bertord Willey lld. Swineshead was till recently in Hunts (1888), and Tilbrook was 1276 Ass 7 m 27d, 1300 BM. transferred from Bd to Hunts at the same time (VHBd Ill. 123). In 1352 'Barley ford', i. e. 'ford across which barley (or corn) is carted' Black Prince there is mention of a hd of Clapham [Clapham]. (OE bere 'barley' and ford); cf. Barlichway hd Wa, and Ekblom Hund' de Stodene, Stoden(e), Stodden h1Jud' 1086 DB, Stoden' 19, PNBd 51 f., ODP s. v. Barfon]. OE bereueg 'barley way' occurs 1162 P, 1227 Ass, Stodonehdr' (var. Stoddenehdr') 1175, Stodden­ in BCS 97 (A. D. 697, orig.), and (on) Bereforda 852 (13) BCS hundredum 1176, Stodesden'hundredwn 1177, Stocden' (sic) 1178, 466 (GI) must mean 'barley ford'. Stocdonehundredwn (var. Stockdene-) 1183, Stodenehundredum 1185, Stoddenehundredum 1HJ6, Stotdonehundredum 1201 P, Biggleswade lid Stodden' 1202 Ass, 1247 Fees, 127G RH, 1287 Ass 11 m 28, Stot­ In the east of the county on the Hertfordshire and den 1276 Ass 7 m 26, Stoddene 1279 HIl, 130fJ SIl, 1316 FA, border S. of the Ouse, bounded west and south by the Ivel. The northern 1332 SH, 1428 FA, Stodden 1287 QW, 1817 Mise, Hi10 Speed, half. of the present Biggleswade hd was originally a hundred ill itself, called the half hundred of Weneslai (DB), and ineluding the modern pars Stoddon 1539 LP, 1570 D: - OE *St6ddellu 'stud valley', 'valley of Sandy, Everton, Sutton, IIatley, and the town and par of Polton, but where horses are kept'; cf. PNBd 12. The P forms in -c(k)- are Lt. Barford and in the extreme north of the present hundred not in independent entries, but are mere scribal variants of earlier formed a detached part of Biggleswade hd. forms, and hence of no importance for the etymology. This is Dim' hvnd' de Weneslai, Weneslai hrnd' 1086 DB, Wodnes­ also true of the 1201 form. Thus I do not think that the forms lawehdr' 1169, lVodnelalcahdr' 1170, Wodnisla1rahdr' 1173, dimi­ in -td- point to OE stott 'horse', 'bullock' for the first el. (PNBd). dium hundredum de W odnislawa 1179, dimidimn humiredwn de By regular development this would have given *Stotten (Billbring Wodneslawa 1183 P, hd of Wendelawe 1202, 1227 (half hd) Ass, § 552 i). There was a Stodden Field (1607) in which dim. Bundr' de Wondeslewe, Wodeslawe (sic) 1247 Ass 4 m 29d, may indicate the position of the meeting-place, from which the 35, (Hundr' de Bycleswade et) di' de Weneslawe 128, Ass 15 m hundred takes its name (BHRS 12. t13), though the site seems to R4d: - 'Woden's hill', the first cl. being the name of the god have been near the boundary of the hundred (and the county); IVoden, the second OE hUlu- 'hill', 'mound'. The name must haye as, however, Tilbrook was earlier in Stodden hd, it was formerly denoted a place sacred to the worship of Woden, but the site is more central than now. lost. The variation between -e- and -0- is similar to that in Mod. 'Wednesday, OE IVi5dnesdreg. Some forms show metathesis of Barfortl llll d and n. NE. of Bedford, N. of the Ouse and S. of Stodden hd, containing the Bund' de Birheleslluorde (sic), Bichelesu'ade, Bichelesu:ada hel' pars of Roxton, Gt. Barford, , Goldington, Ravensden, Wilden, and Eaton Socon. In 1086 (DB) Ravensden and part of Goldington 1086 DB, Biclesu:adehdr' 1175, 1180, 1185, Bikeleswadell1lndredllJn seem to h:we been in Buchelai hJ. (v. above), but they were in Barford 1183, 1196 P, Hundredum de Bekeleswad' 1185 Rot Dom, Binkele­ in 1316 (FA). wadehundredum (sic) 1190, Hikleswadahundredum 1193 P, HlIn­ Hune!' de Bereforde, Bereford(e) Inmd' 1086 DB, Hundredum dredum de Bikeleswade 1202 Ass, 1276 Ass 7 m 27, 1316 FA, 1332 de Bereford 1185 Rot Dom, 1202, 1227 Ass, 1247 Fees, 1265 Mise, SR, hd of Bikleswad' 1227 Ass, Hundr' de Biclesu'ade 1247 Ass 1276 RH, 1316 FA, HUr/drm de Bereford' 1276, 1287 Ass 7 m 26, 4 III 29, hd of Bykeleslwd 1265 Mise, Hundr'm et dimidium de 11 m 19, 1332 SR, Berford 1287 QW, 1309 SR, 1317 :Misc, lIundre­ Bykeleswade 1276, Hundr' de Bikeleswade et dimid'. Hundr'lI/ de dum de Bereforde 1346, 1428 FA. Biccleswade et dimidium 1287 Ass 7 m 28, 11 m 21, 27, Hundred ill .

20 O. S. Anderson ,jJl1 '. The English Hundred-Names I 21 ) de Bykeleswade 1309 SR., 1346 FA, de Bekeleslrude 1428 FA, hd to that of ~rumbald's Ash hd Gl (Grimboldestou DB), q. v. The of Byckels1l'ude 1570 D. exact meamng of stow may be 'meeting-place' or 'burial-place'. Called after BIGGLEswADE: PicheleslIuade (sic), Bichelesuuade 1086 DB, I'lli Y. S; J Bicleswath, Bicheleswada 1132, Bicle.ncadam 1146 Reg Ant, Bikeleswada For the development of hs > ks, Biilbrincrb ~ 482• (p) 1183 P, Bicleswad' 1199 P, 1229 CL 1262 FF, Bicheleswad' 1202 Ass, Biclewad', Bicleswde (sic) 1212 Cur, Bikeleswad' 1212 Cur, 1240 Ass, 1306 Redbornstoke hll FF, Bicleswade 1227 Ass, 1229 Reg Ant, 1242 Fees, Bykeleswade 1240 FF, SW. of Bedford on the Buckinghamshire border, l'eparated from Willev 1242 Fees, Bikelesu;ade 1237---40 Fees, 1247 FF, 1294 Ipm, Biccles1vaa' .1' hd to the north in part by the Ouse, containing, on the east and south. th~ 1251 Cl, Bekelyswad 1434, Becleswade 1437, Bygelswade 1485 AD I, n, IV. ~a.rs .of Elstow.' Will'ha~stead, , , , 'Bieeel's ford'; first el. a man's name ""Bieeel, a derivatiye of Fl~twlck, Steppmgley, Rldgmont and , bordering on Wixamtree. Bicea (PNBd 101, ODP s. v.); cf. Beoeeeles put, Beoeeeles stile Fhtt and Manshead hds. . ,- BCS 1116 L, KCD 1244, and OG Bikilo (Forstemann); second el. Radeb"L'rnesoea, Radbernestoeh', Radborgestoe, Ratborgestov, OE (qe)wa;d 'ford'. The hundred-court was held at Biggleswad0 Ratborgestoehe, Ratbernestoehe, Ratborgestoe, Radborgesto'v Rad­ (VHBd 11. 201), and probably the hundred meeting·place was al· bernestoe, Radborgestoeh, Radbvmestoe hd' 1086 DB Reiburge­ ways here. The 'hundred and a half' of Biggleswade mentioned stoeh'hdr' 1156, Redburnestowehdr' 1175, Redburnes;okehundre­ in some examples refers to the combined hundreds of Biggleswade dum 1183, Redburnestoch'hundredum 1188, Redburgestokehundre­ and Weneslai. dum 1193, Redburnestoeh' 1200 P, Redburnestok' 1202, 1227 Ass. 1237 SR 71/1, 1247 Fees, 1276, 1287 Ass 7 m 35, 11 m 25, Red~ Wixarntree hd burnestoc' 1242 P, Redburnestok Hy3 Mise, Radburnestok' 1276 SE. of Bedford, W. of lliggleswade hd and the Ivel, bounded on the north by the Ouse which separates it from Barford hd, containing the pars RH, 1287 Ass 11 m 26, Redeburnestok' 1276 Ass 7 m 26, Redburgh­ of Easteotts, Cardington, , Willington, , , Old stoke 1284, 1346 FA, 13.53 Pat, Redbur' Stok, Reddeburn(e) Stok, Vvarden, Southill, , and Beeston in Sandy. Redburstok, Redderstok, Redburnsto 1287 QW, Redburnstoke 1309 Bund' de lViehestanestou, Wiehestanestov, WiGhestavesto?J SR, Redburstoke 1317 Mise, Redbournestoke 1316 FA, Redebourn­ (sic), Wiehenestanestov (1), IViehestanstov (1) hL'nd' 1086 DB, stoke 1332 SR, Redburnestoke 1428 FA, Redbornstoke'161O Speed: lVixtanestehdr' (sic) 1162, Wiestanestre 1163, IViehstanestr' 1169, -- 'Rii!dburg's stoe'. RiEdburg is a known OE woman's name. lViestanistrehdr' 1175 (~ar. Wiehstonestre-), 1179, Wixtonestre­ OE stoe 'place' may have been used in the sense 'meeting.place'; hundredum 1183, 1193, Wiehestonestrehundredum 1184, Wiestanes­ cf. Ekwall, S~N 26, 38, ODP s. v. stoe, PNBd 67; differently, but trehundredum 1185 P, Wiestanetre 1185 Rot Dom, Wixstonestre­ not very convmcingly, Zachrisson, ESt 62. 98 (OE *Breodburnan­ hundredum 1188, Wietstanestr'hdr' 1189, Wiestanestanhundredum stoe 'place by a reedy stream'; but note the Rlld-forms, of which (sic) 1191, Wiehstaneshundredwn 1196, Wixstanestrie 1200 P: at least two are recorded after Domesday). For the change from Wistanestre 1202, Wikstanestrete (sic) 1227, IVistanestr' 1240 Ass, -burg- to -burn-, which is evidenced also in other bur9-names, cf. Wykestanestr', Wykestonestre 1247 Ass 4 m 30, 35, Wyxstantre PNB~ 1. c. and reference. A terrier of Marston Moretaine (1715) 1265 Mise, Wystanstre, Wyestanstre, Wystantre 1276 Ass 7 m 26, contams references to a 'Hllndredway', apparently on the boundary 30, 30d, Wixtonestre 1287 Ass \1 m 23d, 1314 1pm, Wyx(s)tons­ between Marston and Wootton. This is in the centre of the hun­ tre, Wystonstre 1287 QW, Wyxtonestre 1317 ftIisc, 1346 FA, dred, and probably indicates the site of the meeting-place (BRRS lVyxstonstr' 1332 SR 71/13, lVixtanstre 1353 Pat, Wyxtontre 12. 95). 1428 FA, Wyxandre, Wyxantre 1549 Pat, Wixhamtry 1570 D, Wixamtree 1610 Speed: - 'W'ihstan's tree' (OE W'ihstan pn and ]laDS]leal] hI] treo 'tree'), but the site of the tree is not known. The change In the SW. of the county N. of , containing on the east the Studha~, from -stou (OE stOlO 'place') in Domesday to -tree is analogous pars ,of , , , , Toddmgton, Harhngton, , , , 22 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names 23 and Holcot. A district in the south of the hundred, W. of , general acceptance. Manshead has a further parallel in la Mennes­ containing, according to Domesday, , , , Totternhoe, part of Edlesborough (Bk) and Gladley in , seved 1253 Cl, in the New Forest. This must represent an OE originally formed a separate hundred, the 'half' hundred of Stanbridge, *(ge)miEnnessheafod, 'the head (the highest part) of the common'.' which was merged in Manshead hd in the 14th centurY. The Liberty of Being a ME formation this name regularly has -e- in the first and the borough of Dunstable were ~ot included i; the syllable (Menness- from ME mennesse). Manshead may confidently hundred (VHBd Ill. 336 f.), and was formerly in Herts. be taken to be an analogous OE formation, with early shortening Dimidium hund' de Stanbvrge, Stanbvrge hvnd' 1086 DB, dim' of -iE- (> cl! > d). The form Mennesheved from Mise (not quoted hundr'de Stanbrugge 1165 P, dim' hdr' de Stanbrig' 1169 P, 1202 in PNBd), which has an e in the first syllable, definitely points to Ass, 1247 Fees, dimidium hundredum de Stanbrigge 1177, 1179, de this origin, but eannot come from an OE base in -a-. OE gemiEnness Stanbrige 1190 P, Dimid' Hundr' de Stanbru(g)g' 1237 SR 71/1, had developed the meaning 'common' as early as the dimidium hundr' de Stanbrigg 1276 RH, dimid' Hundr' de Stane­ (cf. (in) commune silfa quod nos saxonica:l in gemennisse dicimus brigg' 1276, 1287 Ass 7 m 26, 11 m 28, Dimidiwn llundredum de 839 BCS 426 (orig.); oara twegra hyda wuda innan genuEnnesse Stanbrugge 1316 FA. 984 KeD 1281), and this meaning occurs in PNs in Sx and K The name survives in STAKBRIDGE, now the name of a village 3 m. (PNSx 560, PNK 562); but the original meaning was 'community', E. of Leigbton Buzzard: Stanbrugga 1167, Stan(e)brige 1174 P, Stanbruge 'communion', 'fellowship', 'intercourse', and this may have to be H76 P, 1259 lpm, Stanbrig' 1194 CmP (p), 1240 Ass, 1251 Cl, Stanbreg (p) 1195 FF, Stanbrig (p) 1202 FF, Staunbrigge 1227 Ass, Stanbrugge c 1225 assumed for the hundred-name, which is comparatively old; if Dunstable, Stanbir' (sic), Stantbrig', Stambrigg' 1240 Ass, Stanbregg' 1241 so, the meaning of Manshead will be 'hill of eommunity or as­ FF, Stanbrugg' 1242, Stanbrigh', Stanbrigg' 1250 Fees, Stanbrug' 1251 Cl, sembly', an apt name for a meeting-place. OE keafod 'head' was Stanbrugg 1252 Pat, Stanbrigge 1284 FA. also used in the transferred sense 'headland', 'hill', and this suits OE stanbrycg 'stone bridge'. The bridge from which the village the site from which the hundred takes its name, which is known. takes its name was at Stanbridgeford (Stanbrugefort c 1400 Duns­ In PNBd (113) it is deseribed as 'a long and low but well-defined table), a mile SE. of the village itself (cf. PNBd 132), and here hill, well fitted for the meeting-place of a considerable assembly too was doubtless the meeting-place of the hundred, both village in early times'. As shown by Dr. Fowler (EHRS 8. 174) it was ..~ and hundred deriving their names from this bridge. on the boundary between Eversholt and Tingrith pars, where there were several fields called Manshead, and it is called Alansed Hill Hvnd' de lI1anesheue 1086 DB, Manesheuidhdr' 1175, Mannes­ heuedhundredum 1176, 1183, 1185, 1188, 1191, 1196 P, Manesheve in Tingrith in 1624 (PNER XLVII). This receives further confirma­ tion from the name of Tingrith itself, which is OE ping-rIp ' 1185 Hot Dam, Mr'J.nnesheued 1200 P, 1227, 1240 Ass, 1247, 1287 * (assembly) stream', and clearly refers to the Manshead hundred­ Ass 4 m 30d, 11 m 22, 1309, 1332 SR, ,Uanesheued 1202, 1240 Ass, eourt, the Manshead fields lying close to the 'thing stream' from 1276 Ass 7 m 26, Mannisheuid' 1237 SR 71/1, Mannesheued' 1242 P, Mennesheved Hy3 Mise, Maunesheved (sic, for Jlannes-) 1284, which the viI. of Tingrith takes its name. The site was central 1303, 1316 FA, Mannesheved 1287 QW, 1317 Mise, Manesheed 1287 for the hundred before Stanbridge hd was added, and there are many roads and paths leading to it. QW, Mauneshede (sic) 1428 FA. - Another Manneshered (1257) is known from Nt (PNSr 405). Dr Bradley's explanation of head­ Flitt Jul names as pointing to a custom of setting up the head of an animal, A narrow district along the SE. boundary of the county N. of Luton, or a representation of it, on a pole, to mark the place for public on the northern slope of the Chilterns, E. of l'tIanshead hd, containing the open-air meetings (Collected Papers 101) does not cover Manshead, pars of Luton, , Hyde, Stopsley, Streatley, Sundon, Barton in and Professor Bruce Dickins' theory (PNSr 403 f.), assuming these the Clay, , Shillington (part), Gravenhurst, , spots to have been the scenes of human sacrifice, will hardly find 1 Cl. Common Head near Wanborough W. 24 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred~Names

Flitton, and Haynes. The hundred was annexed to the manor of Fees, 1276, 1287 Ass 7 m 26, 11 m 28, Clifton'hundreduJn 1196 P, Luton (VHBd n. 306). In DB there is mention of a hd of Odecrott, which may have been in the fOuthern part of FEtt h

I r

26 o. S. Andersoll The English Hundred-Names 27 P, Hodeschae (sic) 1185 Rot Dom, Odesech'hundredum (sic; fOT times added in a similar manner to other names, as Elnoelstruil, -setll') 1191 (Odesechehundredum 1192) P, Odesh' 1198 Cur I,' Wimundestruil hds DB (Sa, He), cf. also IPN 94; the form of the Odeseye 1230 P, Oddesethe Hy3 Misc, 1321 Pat, Oddeseth 1248 name of Odsey, however, may have been influenced by the surname Ass 318 m 18, 20, 1345 Ipm, Oddesete, Oddesee 1248 Ass 318 m de Oddingsel(es) (etc.; v. PNWa 71), borne by a Herts family nt 23(d), 20, Oddese 1265 Misc, Oddeseye 1275 RH; Oddes(s)el' 1255 Pirton in the 13th century, and frequently mentioneu in records. Ass 320 m 27u, 28, Odeseles 1275 RH, 1278 Ass 323 m 41, 1313 The two names were probably confused in official lIse. In the Fine, 1428 FA, Oddeseles 1278, 1287 Ass 323 m 43, 325 m 23, local name of the place, the -sethe forms survived to the 15th cen­ 1296 SR 120/5; Odsey 1526 LP. - The name is preserved in tury. Hence I do not believe that the variation of the forms b that of ODSEY (Grange), 2 m. SE. of Ashwell, in Steeple Morden due to the interchange of two altcrnatiye names of the hundred as par, just across the county boundary. This is (grangia de) Oddes' assumed by Skeat (and in PNHrt), who suggests that the -sele(s) Hy2 (1508) Pat, (grangia de) Odeseth 1198 (1286), Oddeseye 1252 spellings point to OE sele 'hall', 'dwelling'. Ch, Odesethehill 1406, Oddesethull 1469, Hodseidyche 1449, Odse­ theway 1450 PNHrt! Odsey was once in Herts (cf. VHHrt Ill. Broadwater hd 193, Cussans 31. 3, p. 6). The actual meeting-place of the hundred A large hundred in the centre of the county, extending from Baldock may have been on the hill on the opposite side of the Icknield to Hatfield, containing Baldock, , and Hatfield, and Way (in Herts) known as Gallows Hill, where a barrow on the the pars of Digswell, , Ayot St. Lawrence and St. Peter, , hill-top may mark the site. The forms in -hill, -hull above probably , "\Vatton-at-Stone, , Gt. and Lt. Munden, Bcnington, refer to this hill. As the boundary of Cambridgeshire makes a deep Aston, , Weston, Graveley, 'Willian, Gt. and Lt. and, detached, Totteridge nr Chipping Barnet. Shephall, and Norton projection into Herts at this point, the meeting-place is fairly cen­ (nr Letchworth) are now detached parts of Cashio hd, but were formerly tral for the hundred, though on its northern boundary. The first in Broadwater (v. VHHrt HI. 52). It is once referred to as a 'double el. of the name is probably OE Od(d)a pn. The second may be hundred'; cf. VHHrt I. 298_ OE .'leap 'pit', 'hole', 'well' (PNHrt 151), though it is doubtful to Bradewatre hvnd' 1086 DB, (in) duobus hund' de Bradeuuatre what this would refer.' OE heep 'heath' is also possible but less 1086 lE, Bradew'hd,.' 1161, Bradewaterhdr' 1171 P, hundredum de likely 5; in that case it is more difficult to find an explanation of Bradewatre 1185 Rot Dom, 1265 Misc, 1275 RH, Bradewaterhun­ the first el. Forms like Oddeseye, -ee are probably due to Norman dredum 1188, 1191 P, Bradewater 1198 Fees, 1248, 1278 Ass 318 scribes; for similar reuuction, cf. Shottery PNWa 239 and ANInfl m 18, 323 m 40, 1303 FA, 1314 Fine, 1340 Pat, 1349 Ipm, Brade­ 85 f.; for the -sete form, cf. IPN 109 and Orsett PNEss 165. The watere Hy3 Mise, 1287 Ass 325 m 25d, Bradwater 1287 ib m 23, -(h)ele(s) forms are more uifficult to account for. An -I is some- 1374, 1395 Ipm, 1402, 1428 FA, Brodwater 1292 Bodl: - 'Wide water )' (OE brad 'broad', 'wide' and wreter 'water', 'lake', 1 -d- written over -SO. 'stream'). The hundred-name is preserved in the name of the ham­ 2 These forms seem to refer to the site, rather tlIan to the hundred, though given under the latter in PNHrt. let of BROADWATER (Bradeu'ater(e) 1221, 13 PNHrt, Broadlcotir • .1. E. Cussans, History of Hertfordshire. London 1870 etc. 1505 AD I), at the cross-roau 2 m. S. of Stevenage, where the road • Cussans says (I. iii. 6 note): 'AdjOining the farm buildings [of Odsey from Hertford joins the main London road. This is on the boun­ Grange] was a pond of water, now to a considerable extent drained by a dary between Knebworth and Shephall pars, roughly in the centre well. Water being scarce in this neighbourhood, and its presence in any of the hundred. A stream which runs past the place forms a pond quantity a noteworthy circumstance, it is not improbable that the place may havc dcrived its name - Od's see, the water of Od or Odda - from just N. of the Roebuck Inn, and the pond seems formerly to have that fact -'. This is of course a conjecture to account for his interpretation, extended along the Hertford road, forming a lakelet. This is the but it may well be correct. 'water' from which the hamlet and the hundred take their names; S Note Heath Fm and Heath Barn near Gallows Hill. (o~t) (~t) cf. Brade wreter 957 BCS 994 (m St. Albans), Bradan ,i :' i

ii

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28 O. S. Antlerson The English Hundred-Names 29 lCl1!tere 1007 Crawf (nr Letchworth). In 1390 (Ipm) the sheriff's latter hundred, which was formed from manors belonging to St. Albans, i once belonged to Dacorum hd too, cf. PNHrt 26; this would explain its' tourn was held here, at Brad'water Asshe, clearly an ash-tree, which scattered condition. The western and southern portion of the present marked the spot where the hundred court was held; but in 1252 hundred in 1086 formed a separate hundred, the hd of Tring, which seems (AD Ill) the hundred court of Bradwater was held at a place to haye included Tring, Puttenham, , Wigginton, , called Dychmed.' Berkhampstead, , BOYingdon. , King-s Langley, Lt. Gaddesden, and parts of Gt. Gaddesden, and Shenley (det.; v. VHHrt n. 141 and PNHrt I. c.), i. e. the greater part of the hundred. Hitchin and PirtoIl lH1 Kensworth and Caddington, formerly in Dacorum hd, have been transferred The NW. portion of the county, W. and S. of Hitchin, containing the to Bedfordshire. The Honour or Liberty of Berkhampstead was not in the pars of Hitchin, lppollitts, Langley and Kimpton, and the pars W. of these. juriSdiction of the hundred, and is sometimes referred to as a hundred in St. Paul's Walden and are detached parts of Cashio hd, but Hextov. itself (Forinsecum hundredum de Berkamsted' 1230 P, Hundr' de Bf'rham­ was in Hitchin hd in 1086, Hitchin was apparently the caput of the stede 1278 Ass 323 ill 56, Hundr' de Berchamstede 1294 SR 120{3). hundred (\'. DB f. 132 b, VHHrt 1. 272 f., Ill. 7, EHR 47. 369), which was Trevinga, Trevng(e), Tredvnge (1) hvnd' 1086 DB, Trawinge­ a 'half-hundred', hundredum 1188, 1189, Treingehundredum 1191 P. - Called after Dimidium h'lindret de Hiz 1086 DB, hundr' de Hicrhe 1175 P, dimidium hundredl1m de Hiche 1183 P, 1198 Cur I, 1248, 1278, 'fRING, a small town on the road from London to Aylesbury 1287 Ass 318 m 18, 323 m 49, 325 m 23, 1307 SR 1208, Hichhun­ (Akeman street): Tredunga, ·e, Tredung' 1086 DB, Treunge 1086 dredwn 1188 P, Dimidiurn hl1ndredum de llicche 1248 Fees, 1303 DB, -a 12 Mon IV. 574, Treungla Stephen, Hy2, Triangre .J Mon IV. 573 f., Trehangr', Threhangre 1199 Cur I,ll, Truangle c 1210 FA, half hundred of Hicches Hy3 Mise, Dimidiu1Il Hundr' de Fees (altered to 'l'reing) , Trehanger 1265 Misc; Trawinge 1176 P llychen 1294 SR 1203, Hycchalfhundred 1402 FA. Named from HITCHIN: Hicca (g. pI.) 7 (c 1000), (ad) Hiccam (for -um: (p), Treinge 1200 Cur, 1294 AD VI, Treange (p) 1208 FFH, Treeng v. ODP) 944--6 (c 1250) BCS 297, 812, Hicche 1062 (14) KeD 813, 1253 Ch, (p) 1211 Cur, Trahing 1212 Fees, 'l'raynge 1212 RBE, Treinges 1304 lpm, Hiz 1086 DB, Hichene 1147, Heicchen 1148 TpR llich 1188, 1235 Cl, 1255 Ass 320 m 24d, Treen,ges 1248 Ass 318 m 24d, Tre­ I) 1199 P, Hiche 1197 FFP, 1203 Cur, 1244 Fees, 1255 Cl, lche 1210-12 RBE, henge Hy3 Mise, Treheng' 1251 Norwich, 1259 Pat, Trieng' 1255, Hich' 1219 Cl, Hichch' 1220 Fees, llycche 1255 Ass 320 ill 26, 1308 Ipm, Traeng' (p) 1256 Cl, parua Threhinge, Treihing', Threhing', Tre­ Huche 1324 Cl, Hucche 1341 Ipm; Ilychen 1270 Pal, 1375 Ipm. Hechen 1337, Hichin 1373 lpm, Ilycchen 1375 Orig, Hicchen 1381 lpm. hing', Treyhing' (p), Trewynge 1278 Ass 323 m 50d, 55, 56, Treyng An old tribal name, on which cf. EHN 197, ODP s. v., PNHrt 1283 Cl, Treenge 1287 Pat, Trehynge 1303 FA, Tryeng 1303 Cl, 8, 17. The hundred meeting-place seems to have been at Sper­ Treuuinge (p) 1303 Pat; Trenge 1215--19 WellsR, Treng 1250 berry Hill in Ippollitts (Speleburwe 1203, Spelburwe 13 PNHrt 14), Gross, Trynge 1367 Ch: -- 'Tree-covered slope' (OE treo 'tree' from OE spell 'speech' ('speech hill'); hence the hundred i~ called and hangra 'slope', 'wooded slope'; cf. Ekwall, Mod. Lang. Notes l Poletts hundred in 1475 Ipm, from Ippollitts; but in 1322 (Ipm) a 50. 537, ODP s. v.). For the loss of the final -1', cf. Hang wap view of frankpledge was held at Altonishecyd (Oughton Head, just YNR, and ODP. The -u- of some forms seems to be from the NW. of Hitchin). The addition of Pirton, from PirtoIl nr Hitchin, diphthongal form of treow (> ME treu), to which the a of hanger is late. was assimilated. Zachrisson (ANInfl 98 f.) derives the name from ON priOjungr 'third part' (found in the Ridings of Yorkshire), and Dacorum hd this is adopted in PNHrt 25; but reasons of phonology (un­ The westernmost portion of Hertfordshire, W. of , Wheat­ paralleled preservation of nom. -r (> l), complete absence of hampstead, , Hemel Hempstead and (inclusiYe), medial -p- from the post-Domesday spellings, preponderance of including three isolated portions, , Shenley and N. Mimms, initial T- (not Th-), -eo, not -i-, in the great majority of forms), separated from Dacorum hd by parts of Cashio hd. It is possible that the as well as historical reasons tell strongly against this derivation.

1 Cf. perhaps Bradwater dyche 1541 PNHrt 131. A Riding was a district consisting of several hundreds (PNing 30 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names 31 51); and Tring is primarily the name of a place, not of a district.. mostl~' in t.he 13th century. The whole hundred belonged to the Abbey There is also a suggestion that Tring was originally in Yardley of St. Albans, and was originall~' called after St. Albans itself. hd Bk (v. above), in which case it could not have been a third Albanestov hd' 1086 DB, Hdt' de Sancto Albano 1166, hundr' of Dacorum hd, as suggested in PNHrt; in fact Tring hd con­ S_ Albani 1175 P, hundredum Sancti Albani (quod abbas Sancti tained far more than a t.hird of Dacorum hd, at least. as we know Alballi tenet) 1201 Cur. - ST. ALBANS is named from the mon­ it. In my opinion there can be no question t.hat the former is astery of St. Alban founded here in the 8th century (aJCclesia the correct solution, and it is suitable from the topographical sancti Albani 792 (c 1250) BCS 264, (into) sancte Albanes stowe point of view, Tring being on the slopes of the Chilterns, which 1007 Crawf, Seynt Albones 1420 AD VI, etc.; v. further PNHrt were formerly well wooded. If so, the DB forms are irregular. 86). OE stow here means 'monastery', 'churc.h'. 'The hundred There is another place with a name in -hangra in the immediate court was held, from a very early date, under the ash-tree in the neighbourhood, viz. Turlhanger in Aldbury (TTilha-ngerden' 1212 court of the monastery, and continued to be held there after the FFH, Trilhangre 1432; cL PNHrt 27). Here t.he -1'- was preserved Dissolution' (VHHrt n. 321). I longer, and the name continued to be associated with the inde­ I pendent word hanger. Cf. also Treuhangre PNW 434 ('wooded Hundr' de Kaysho in Libertate sancti Albani 1248 Ass 318 m slope'). 18, Hundr' de Kaysho 1248 ib m 26d, 1255 Ass 320 m 30; Hundred of Caysford 1265 Mise, 1275 RH, 1287 Ass 325 m 20d, 1303 FA, j , Daneis hvnd' 1086 DB, Daneishdr' 1161, 1175, 1188, 1307 SR 120.8, 1355 Pat, 1393 Ipm, 1428 FA, Kaysford 1278 Ass 1191, Daneshdr' 1162, (de) AneishundTedum 1179 P, Hundredum 323 m 49, 1294 SR 1203, Hundr' de Kaysforde 1287 Ass 325 m Daneis c 1200 RBE, de Daneis 1198 Cur I, Hundr'm de Daneys 34, Hundr' de Caysford in Lib' Sancti Albani 1296 SR 120/5, 1255 Ass 320 m 24; hundredum Dacorum 1HJ5, 1230 P, 1303, Httndr' de Caysford' de Libertate Sancti Albani 1322 SR 120/11, I~ 1402 FA, hundr' DacoT' 1198 Cur I, 1248 Ass 318 m 18, 1275 RH, hundred (court) of Kaisford 1301, Caisford hundred' 1371 Ipm. ­ 1294, 1307 SR 120/3, 8, Hund7"m de Dakore 1275 RH: - 'The The hundred court, which was di8tinct from that held at St. Albans ' hundred'; d. VIIHrt n. 141 - 'this hundred may have (v. Pat 1355 p. 320, and VHHrt n. 322), was probably held at derived its name from a colony of Danes, which probably existed CAfiSIOBRIDGE, just W. of , where there was earlier a ford 1 here, for three noble Danes granted lands in the hundred to St. over the Gade (PNHrt 69). CASSlO hamlet, from whic.h the hundred Albans Abbey in the tenth century'; also Ekwall in An Historical was alternatively named, is a mile farther NE., just N. of Wat­ Geography of 1 154 and PNHrt 25. Daneis, -ais is OFr ford. It is (ret) Caegesho 793 (c 1250) BCS 267, Cagesho 11, 1 daneis 'Danish'. Kegesho 12 PNHrt; Caissov, Chaissou 1086 DB, Kaisho 1198 (1301) Ch, Kaysho 1248 Ass 318 m 27, 1254 Pat, 1278 Ass 323 m Casllio lId 56d, 1294 SR 120,3, 1314, 1355 Cl, Caysho 1296 SR 120/5, 1303, The main part of the hundred is in the south of the county surrounding 1312 Pat, 1349 Cl, Cayshoo 1372 Pat: - 'Crege's spur of land St. Albans, E. of Dacorum lld, and contains Rickmansworth, Watford, St. (ford)', the first el. being an OE pn '''Ccege, on which see IPN 180, Albans, , 8arratt, , , Elstree, Ridge, Monlten Hadler, East and Chipping Barnet, Redboum and ; but ODP s. Y. Cainham; second els OE ford and hoh 'spur of land', the present hundred also includes eight detached pieces, Northaw Bramfield probably referring to the low, rounded spur of higher land between 1\ Codicote, ShephalI, St. Paul's Walden, Norton (nr Le'tchworth): Newnha~ the Gude and the Colne. Both pIac.es must have been called after [ and Hexton, locally situated in various other hundreds. All these were the same man. manors of St. Albans Abbey, which were included in the hundreds in which they are situated in 1086, but were annexed to Cashio hd later on, Hertforl1 1111 Mainly S. of Hertford, in the valley of the Lea, bounded on t.he east 1 Ed. H. C. Darby, 1936. by the Lea and the Rib, containing Hertford, , , Wormley, 32 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names 33 Broxbourne, Gt. and Lt. Amwell, Stallstead St. Margarets, Bayford, Lt. Berkhampstead, Essendon, , , Stapleford, Bengeo and, Called after BRAUGHING, on the Quin in the northern extremity of the formerly, Bramfield, now in Cashio hd. hundred nr : Breahingas 825-8 (17) PNHrt, (ad) Brahcingu1l! 944-6 (c 1250) BCS 812, Brachinges 1086 DB, Bracching 1148 (1380) Ch, Hertford, -fort, Herford, -fort h7md' 1086 DB, hundr' de Heort­ Braching 1135--53, Brachinge 1148-70 AD I, Bracching' 1167 P, Bracchinges ford 1130, Hurf'hdr' 1161, Hurtfordhundredum 1177, 1188, 1191, 12 AD V, Brackinges 12 AD I, 1218 Pap, Bracking' 1197 FFP, 1218 Fees, 1195 P, Hllndredum de Herdford' 1185 Rot Dom, Hundredum de Brahing' 1200 Cur, Brakinges 1208 Cur, 1210-12 RBE, Braking' 1208 Cur, Hertford' 1198 Fees, Hundredum de Hertford 1199 P, 1248 Ass 1212, 1222 Fees, Braghing' c 1210 Fees, Braccing' 1214 Cur, Brawing' 1220 Fees, Brakking 1248 AD I, Brawhinge 1254 Norwich, 1310 AD Ill. 318 m 25, 1303 FA, Hundr'm de Herteford 1248, 1255 Ass 318 m OE Breahingas is apparently an ingas-derivative of an un­ 18, 320 ID 28d, 1275 RH, hundred' domini Regis forinsecum de Hertford 1287 Ass 325 m 20d. recorded man's name *Breah(h)a, which has German cognates; cf. Skeat 38, PNing 50, PNHrt 189. The hundred court was The name is derived from HERTFORD, or from the ford that gave its name to t.he town: (ad locum) Hel'utforda, Heorutforda c 730 (8) Bede, held at Puckeridge near Braughing in the 14th century (VHHrt (rot) Heorotforda 891 (s. a. 673), 913 ASC(A), (:"et) Heortforda c 1050 (s. a. Ill. 291). 913) ASC(D), (ret) Heortforde 1121 (s. a. 673) ASC(E), Hertforde, -fort 1086 DB, Heortford 1130, HUl'dt' 1162, Hurford 1162, 1188, Hurtford 1165 P, Hurtfol'd' 1198 Cur I, Hertford' 1212, 1234 Cl, Herteford 1279 Misc. Edwinstree hd 'Stag ford' (OE he01'(0)t 'hart', 'stag' and ford). In 1387 (AD In NE. Herts on the border, consisting of a compact area E. of Ill. 481), the 'sheriff's hundred or tourn' was held at Ware Bridge .Buntjngford, and a strip reaching down into Braughing hd towards Ware. It contains the pars of Much and Lt. Hadham, Albury, Furneux, Brent and (Warebl'igge). , Gt. and Lt. , , Buntingford, Throcking, Buckland, , and the pars NE. of these. Braughing hd Edwinestrev hvnd' 1086 DB, /Edwinestreu Hund' 1086 IE, E. of Hertford and Ware, the of the hundred extending in a. Edwinestre 1154--61 Colch, 1198 Cur I, e 1200 RBE, Hy3 Mise, half-circle from Braughing to 's Stortford along the Rib, the Lea and 1275 RH, Edwinestr'hdr' 1161, 1195, EdU'inestrehdr' 1170, .lEd­ the Stort. In addition to Ware, Bishop's Stortford and Braughing the u'inestrehdr' Edwinistr'hdr' Edwines­ hundred contains the pars of , Standon, , Stanstead 1171, 1183, 1188, 1191, 1175, Abbots, , Widford, , Eastwick, , triehundredum 1196 P, Edwynestre 1248, 1278 Ass 318 m 18, and Thorley. In explanation of the curious 'crescent-shape of the hundred 323 m 43d, 1286 Ipm, 1294 SR 120,3, Edwynestr', Eadwyl1estr' it has been suggested by Miller Christy that its eastern portion, S. of 1255 Ass 320 m 27, 33, E'dewynstre 1313 Fine, Edwynstre 1321 Bishop's Stortford, originally formed the 'missing' half of half­ 14~8 Edwenestre Bad­ hundred, Essex (below). Pat, 1384 Ipm, FA, 1539 LP, 1402 FA: - wine's tree' (OE Eadwine pn and treo 'tree'). In 1278 (Ass 323 Brachinges, Brachings hd' 1086 DB, Bracch'hdr' 1161, Bra­ ill 46) the jurati of the hundred present 'qUOd quedam placea kingehundredu1n 1183, Brachhingehundredu1n 1184, 1188, Bra­ que uocatm Edwynestre est placea domini Regis ubi hundredllID chingehundredum 1191 P, Hundredum de Braching' 1198 Fees, domini Regis tenetur'. On the same roll lib. m 44) there is a Hundr' de Braghynges, Brackinges 1248 Ass 318 m 18, 21d, Hun­ reference to a boscus de Edwynesbrugg', mentioned together ",ith dredum de Brawingg', Brahghinge 1255 Ass 320 ID 25, 28, de Brent and (VHHrt IV. 3). The bridge and the Braghing' 1255, 1287 Ass 320 m 33, 325 m 24, hd of Braching tree were no doubt called after the same Ead1J)ine, and were near 1265 Misc, hd of Brackyng 1272 Ipm, hundr'm de Brachinge, one another. The tree may have stood near Mutford in Lt. Hor­ Brauchynge 1275 RH, Hundr'm de Brauwing', Brawyng(g)e 1278 mead, 2 m. W. of Furneux Pelham, which seems to be 'moot ford'; Ass 323 m 50, 51d, 60, Hundr' de Brahynge, Braghing' 1287 Ass cf. PNHrt 180, also, however, p. 169. 325 m 23 f., Hundr' de Brauhinge 1294, de Brauhyngg' 1307, de Braughing 1322 SR 120:3, 8, 11. 3 34 O. S. Anderson The English Hundrcd~Names Uttlesforll Illl Essex In NW. Essex around Newport and , bounded on the south by Stane Street and on the west by Clavering hd (q. v.) and The Essex hundreds are remarkable for their size, an,] in this respect Cambridgeshire, containing on the east the pars of Takeley, Elsenham, resemble the hundreds of East Anglia rather than those of western or Henham (part), Debden, Wimbish and Gt. and Lt. Chesterford. Saffron southern England; some Essex hundreds, such as , , Walden Town is not now in the hundred, though formerly included in it, Tendring or Hinckford (the largest of all), are even rather larger than and Heydon and Gt. and Lt. Chishall, formerly in Uttlesford hd, were the average East Anglian hundred. Uttlesford and Chelmsford were, however, transferred to Cambridgeshire in 1895. The hundred was formerly divided I each divided into two, East and West Uttlesford and North and South into East and West Uttlesford. mostly separated by the Cam (cf. SR 107/1). i Chelmsford; Hinckford has absorbed an ancient 'half~hundred', though this Hund' de Odelesforda, Udelesfort, Udelesfort, Vdelesfort, was a very small one, consisting of two or three parishes only; Tendring Udelesforda, 17delesforda, Wdelesforda, Wdelesfort 1086 DB, is once called a 'double hundred', and a 'hundred and a half' t! Hund' de Udelesforda 1086 lE, West J'selesfordhdr' (sie) 1161, (Ass 2'37 m 1). Some of the Essex hundreds are fairly small, but except for Chafford, these were all 'half~hundreds', viz. Waltham, Harlow, Clavering, Esthudelesford' Hund' 1166, TVesthudelesfordhdr' 1167, Westlude­ Freshwell, , Thurstable and Winstree. Clavering hd was probably ford'hdr' (sic) 1175, Westwudelesford'hundredum 1183 P, Estu­ formed from Uttlesford hd. With regard to Waltham and Harlow, which deleford' 1185 Rot Dom, Estwudelesfordhundredum, West Wude­ adjoin along the western border of the county, Miller Christy (EAS 18. 176) lesfordhunitredum 1188, V delesfordhundredum 1191, Estwudeles­ makes the interesting suggestion that they were originally full hundreds cut in half by the county boundary (the Lea and the Stort), so that· their ford'hundredum 1195 P, Wodelesford c 1200 RBE, Est-, Westode­ western halves, which had formerly lain to the west of the Lea, became lesford' 1198 Cm' I, Estwudelesford 1203 P, Esthudelesford', West­ part of Hertfordshire. However, Waltham hd is probably fairly late, being udelesford' 1204 Cur, Est-, IVesthudele(s)ford' 1227 Ass 229 m formed from the district belonging to the manor of Waltham, and it seems 20, Est, West Thudeleford' i235 Ass 230 m 8(d), Estudelesf' 1238 more probable that it was taken out of Harlow, leaving that. hundred a SR 107/1, Westottlesf' 1248 Ass 231 m 2d, Westdodelesford', Est­ 'half-hundred' too. Freshwell half-hundred and the old half~hundred of ~udelesford' Thunreslau are or were on the Cambridgeshire and bonier, the udelesford' 1248 Fees, IVestudelesford', Estodelesford', remaining three half-hundreds lying in a gr,oup S. of . Of these 1254 Ass 233 m 41d, 42d, 43, Odelsfford 1265 Mise, Esthodeles­ Winstree and Thurstable, which are on the coast bounded north and south ford, West(h)odelesford, Esthudelesford 1272 Ass 238 m 38d, 39, by the estuaries of the Colne and the Blackwater, form a close geographical 50, Westhodelesford, Estodelesford, Udelesford 1303 Ipm, Est-, West­ unit, and may formerly have been still more closely connected. Most Ituddelesford 1321 Pat, Huddelesford 1346 FA, 1371 Ipm, lluddlis­ hundreds on the east coast are peninSUlas, and all are separated by estuaries or creeks; some hundreds of the interior of the county are also ford 1364 Ipm, Hudlesford 1428 FA, Uttlesforthe 1552 EAS 9. bounded by rivers, but, as pointed out by Mr. Christ), (I. c.), the inland 94. - In PNEss (516) the first el. is derived from a pn *Udel, hundreds are on the whole bounded by rivers in comparatively few places, but nothing is said about the spellings with initial Wo. It is clear and usually for short distanees only_ In most cases the rivers flow through that this form must be the original one, the dropping of the W~ the middles of the hundreds, so that their boundaries follow the heights lVudi~ of land between the rivers, though the former are nowhere very marked. being due to Norman influence, as in Odiham (M) Ha « The Essex hundreds are generally held not to be very archaic or primitive ham 1116; v. ODP). There are other PNs showing similar loss of divisions (J. H. Round in VHEss I. 406; cf. PNEss XXV), but the fact that W- (Ullingswick, Cttoxeter, Uxbridge, ODPi cf. also Odcombe, ib). parishes of the same name, such as the Thurrocks, the Bumpsteads and the The h of some forms is intrusive. I take the first el. to be OE Rodings, are divided between two hundreds, which is held to prove this, wudulffis 'forest pasture', evidenced in charters, the whole meaning seems to me to have little bearing on the question of age. A few hundreds like Clavering, COlchester and Havering are, or may be, fairly recent, but 'the ford in (or leading to) the wood pasture', The hundred-name is they are no doubt the results of late rearrangements_ The very size of preserved in the name of UTTLESFORD BRIDGE (6"), on the main the hundreds points to their having been founded at a remote period road from London to Cambridge a mile N_ of Newport, on the when a comparatively small proportion of the countryside had been cleared boundary between Newport and \Vendens Ambo pars. This is of forest and brought under cultivation. Udlisforde 13, Odelefford, Huddellefford 1309, Utlesfordebrigg 1383 36 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names 37 -9, Huddilforthbrygge 1427 PNEss 543. The bridge is on low Lt. Bardfield and Bardfield Saling. The hundred is long and narrow, ground, but just north of it the road goes up .MUTLOW HILL (6": extending like a wedge from the county boundary towards Braintree. It is lIfotelowe 1316, 1317, 1323 PNEss (43). l\Iutlow is 'moot-hill', often coupled with Uttlesford hd, which it adjoins on the west. Dimidium Hund' de Frosseewella, Frossewella 1086 DB, Dimi­ from OE (ge)m6t 'moot', 'meeting' and hlaw 'hill', referring to dium Imnd' de Frosseuuelle 1086 lE (var. Forssewelle Hamilton), the court for Uttlesford hd. The sheriff's tourn for the hundred Froswest (sic) dim' Hundr' 1166, dim' hdr' de Froswelle 1175, was often held here (EAS Hi. 18:3). rlimidium hundredum de Froxewell' 1183, 1191, Froswellehundre­ Clavering lid dum 1195 P, hundr' dim' de Fraxwell' 1198 Cur I, Hundredum de Fresehwell' 1219 Fees, Frosse?£ell' 1227 Ass 229 m 20, 1235 Ass A strip along the western border of the county, N. of Bishop's Stortford and W. of Uttlesford hd, containing the pars of Langley, 230 m 5 (Dimid' Hundr'), 1248, 1267 Ass 231 m 26d, 237 m 3, Clavering, Berden. Manuden, and Ugley, also Pledgllon in Henham Froxwell' 1227 Fees, 1248, 1254 Ass 231 m 10, 233 m 42, Fros­ 1 . and Bentfield in Stansted Mountfitchet. As suggested by Dr. Round well' 1238 SR 107f1, 1248 Ass 232 m 3 (Dimid' Hundr'), 1254, 1 p- (VHEss 1. 407), this hundred was probably at one time taken out of 1272 Ass 233 m 7d, 238 m 50 (Dimidium Hundr'm), Froyswell Uttlesford for the benefit of Suain of Essex, who appears to have been its 1...•: 1248 Ass 232 m 6d, 1275 RH, Fressewelle 1248 Ass 231 m 26, r' lord, and who also helll the manor of Clavering (DB n. f. 46 b). The 1 hundred was annexed to the manor in the 13th century (v. EHR 47. 369). Froshwell' 1254 Ass 233 m 9, 1321 Pat, Froswelle 1265 Misc (half It was originally a half-hunllred. hd), 1272 Ass 238 III 40, 1340 NI, Dimid' Hundr' de Froshwelle Dimidiwn Hund' de Clauelinga, llund' de Clauelinga 1086 DB, 1267 Ass 237 m 1d, Frossn'ell' 1272 Ass 238 m 39d, Freswell 1274 ClaueriJlg' Dim' Hundr' 1166, dimidiwn hundredum de Claueringe Abbr, Dimid' hundr'm de Frosewell 1275 RH, FresehclL'ell 1316 1183, 1191, Hundrerlum de Clauring' 1199 P, humlr' de Clavering' Inq aqd, Froswell 1332 Ipm, Frosshu'ell 1346, 1428 FA, Froschys­ 1198 Cur 1, Dim' Hundr' de Clauerin,q' 1227, 1235, 1248, 1267 Ass well 1389 PNEss, Freshwell 1610 Speed: -- 'Frog stream', from 229 m 17d, 230 m 5, 232 m 2, 237 m 1d, dimidium hundredum de OE trose, torse, trox 'frog' and u.ell(a) 'spring', 'stream'. The Clavering' 1240--8 Fees, Libertas Dimidii Hundredi de Claueringe stream from which the hundred derives its name is called Frosh­ 1272 Ass 238 m 3:), Dimidhll1J hundredum de Claveryng 1303 FA, well by W. Harrison, rector of Radwinter 1; it is an old name halt hundred of Clavering 1321 Pat, 1389 Ipm (dimid' hundred'). of one of the headwaters of the Pant, which flows through the Named from CLAVERJNG'----~M caput of the hundrell, on the 8tort 3 m. hundred, joining the Pant between Great Sampford and Radwin­ SW. of Newport: (ret) Clcefring c 1050 (12) KCD 1354, Clauelinga 1086 Dil, ter; cL VHEss 1. 407. PNEss 10, 502, EAS 18. 186. According to Clauringa Hy2 Colch, Clauering' (p) 1159 P, Clavringes 1166 LN, Cla'lJering 1185 Rot Dom, 1199, 1222 etc. FF, Clavering' 1198 Cur I, 1249 Cl, Clavring' Harrison the name of FroshweIl was also applied to the whole of 1200 Cur, 1212 Fees, Clail'ring' 1200 Cur, Claveringes 1200 FF (p), 1201 Cur, the Pant as far as the hamlet of Blackwater, where it was changed 1277 FF, Clatwinge 1202 FP, 1210-12 RBE, Clafringes e 13 BM, Cluering' to Blackwater. The modern form is due to association with 'fresh'. 1241 Cl, Clat:eringg 1258, Claveryngges c 1300 FF, Claveringiz c 1300 Misc, Clal'eringge 1301 Pat, 1317 FF. Dunmow hd OE Clretring is a derivative of eliRtre 'clover' with the suffix -ing. The meaning i~ 'place where clover grows' or 'clover field'. A long, narrow hundred, extending from Thaxtcd to near , E. of Hatfield, bounded on the west in part by the Roding, containing the I The ME forms in -es are probably due to the analogy of plural pars of , , Chickney, Tilty, Gt. and Lt. Easton, Lindsell, I: names in -ing (OE -inqas). CL PNing 9, PNEss 548, ODP s. v. ! Gt. and Lt. Dunmow, Gt. and Lt. Canfield, Barnston, High and Good I: , Pleshey, Mashbury, High, Aythorpe, White, Leaden, Margaret and I FresllweIl lid Berners Roding, Wi!lingale Doe and Spain and Shellow Bowells. I' A small hundred, originally a half-hundred, on the Cambridgeshire Li: border E. of Saffron Walden, containing the pars of Hadstock, Ashdon, 1 Description and Historie of England (1586), p. 107; Holinshed's i: Radwinter, Hempstead, Helions Bumpstead, Gt. and Lt. Sampford, Gt. and Chronicles, voI. 1. I!f~ O. S. Anderson The Eng-li~h Hundred·Names 39

Hand' de Dommawa 1086 DB, Hund' de Dunham (sic) 1086 hundreda (sic) de Herleg' 1252 Cl, Vimid' Hundr' de Herlewe 1254 lE (var. Dunemawe, Dunmawe Hamilton), Dunmawahundredurn Ass 2~3 m 43, hundredum de Herlalre 1253 Cl, 1346 FA. 1180, 1195, Dumnawehundredum 1188 P, Hundr' de Dunemow' Called after IhRLOw: (at) Herlawe 1043- -4.5 (14) Wills, Herlaua 1086 DB, 1198 Cur I, HU1Idredum de Dunrnowe 1198 Fees, 1346, 1428 FA, 1180 P, Herlaue 1180, 1199 P, 1200, 1ZHl FF, 1228 CL Herlawe 1219 Fees (p), 1223 Cl, 1235 FF, Herelau'e 1248 Ass 232 ill 4, Harlawe, Harletce 125·t Ass Hundredum de Dunmaw' 1199 P, Hundredum de Dunmawe 1203 233 ill 43, Herlaghe 1303, llerloll'e1305 j<'F, Herlouwe 1325 Ipm. P, 1219 Fees, 1253 Cl, 1275 RH, 1319 SR 107/10, Hundredum de 'Army hill' (OE here 'army' and hUlw (hlccw) 'hill', 'mound'). Dunemawe 1227 Fees, Hundr' de Don(e)mall'e 1254 Ass 233 m Remains of an encampment. have been found on the mound at 45d, 46, Hundr' de J)onmauue 1267 Ass 237 m 1, Hundred' de Harlow (Antiquity I. 365 f.); d., however, also ODP s. v. The Dunmauwe 1274 HH. hundred meeting-place was at ]\fl1LBERHY GREEN in Uarlow (Mote­ The hundred takes its name from DvxMow (Gt. and Lt.) on the Chelmer bergh(e) 1382, Moteberugh 1410, lvlootborow, Jloteberry, -bury 17 and Stane Street, in the centre of the hundred: (at) Dunemou'e c 950 (14), Jlwlborow (at) Dunmawe 1043-5 (14) Wills, (of) Dunmrewan c 1000 (c 1125) PNEss, -18 PNER LVI, PNHrt XLllI, Eliz PNEss 37), which Dommauua 1086 DB, Dommawe (p) 1130 P, Dumauue 1152-8 Oxf, Dumawa means 'moot-hill' (OE (ge)matbeorg 'moot hill'); d. PNEss 36 f. 1161 P, Dunmawe 1183 P, 1203 Cur, 1230 Cl, 1242 Fees, 1269 FF, Donemawe :..I.•::....! 116.~88 France, Dunmawa 1190 P, Dunmoue (p) 1197 FFP, Dunmaue Waltham !Id d 1197 FF, Dunnemauwe (p) 1198 Cur I, Dunemow' 1198 Fees, Dunmauwe A small hundred on the western border of the county around Waltham ,I 1215 Cur, Dunmagh' 1Z32 Cl, Dunmauhe 1236, Parva Dunmawe 1237 Fees, Holy Cross, S. of Rarlow hd, bounded on the east by , which Dunmawe magna 1238 SR 107/1, Magn' Dummawe 1248 Ass 232 m 10d, d separates it from Onga.r hd, containing the pars of Waltham Holy Cross, '1 Donmewe, Dommawe 1254 Ass 233 m 45d, Great Donmagh 1301 FF, Little Epping, and Chingford. Like Rarlow hd on its N. side, it was a Dunmaghe 1312 Pat. half-hundred, and was annexed to the manor of Waltham (manerium de First el. OE diln 'hill'. The second is explained by Professor Waltham ... cum dimidio hundrcdo suo, Ch IV. 265, A. D. 1190). Ekwall (PPN 72, ODP s. v.; cL PNEss 475) from an OE *mawe, Dimidil/m Hundret de Waltham 1086 DB, Hund' de Waltham derived from miiwan 'to mow', meaning 'a meadow'; cL dial. mow 1086 DB, 1185 Rot Dom, dim' hundr' de vVautham 1198 Cur I, 'meadow' (Dv) and atte Mowe 1336 in Essex (PNEss). Hence dimidiwn hundredwn de Waltham 1212 Fees, 1303 FA, Dimid' 'meadow on the hill', or, if the plural (OE *Dllnmawan), 'the hill Hundr' de Wautham 1227 Ass 229 m 20, 1252 Cl, Libertas de meadows'. Wautham 1272 Ass 238111 42, halt hundred ot Waltham 1292 Pat, hd ot Little Waltham 1303 Tpm. Called after the manor of WALTHAM ROLY CROSS, the caput of the Jlarlo"W 1111 hundred: Waltham 1062 (12) KCD 813, Walham 1086 DB, Waltham 1086 DB, On the Stort round Harlow and Hatfield Broad Oak, W. of Dunmow 1130, 1177, 1199 P, 1202 Cur, 1212 Fees, 1230 Cl, Wautham 1220 FF, 1235 hd and S. of Uttlesford hd, from which it. is separated by Stane Street. Ass 230 m 6, Wautham sancte Cruc' 1248 Ass 232 m 10, Walteham 1260 Pat. It consists of a string of parishes along the Stort, in addition to Harlow 'Forest homestead' (OE weald 'forest.' and ham 'homestead'), itself and Hatfield, the pars of Gt. and Lt. Rallingbury, , Matching, the reference being to Epping Forest; v. Ekwall, StNPh 1. 100. Latton, Nettleswell, Gt. and Lt. Parndon and Roydon. Like Waltham hd to the south, it was originally a half-hundred. It was annexed to the The hundred or liberty of the Abbey of Waltham is refened to manor of Hatfield (1252 Cl, 1303 FA, Ipm IV. 141). as Waltamscire in a charter of 1108-18 (PNEss 27). Holy Cross Dimidiurn Hund' de Herlaua 1086 DB, 1179, 1188, 1190 P, from the abbey of WaItham, which held Waltham in 1086. Hundret de Herlaua 1086 DB, dimid' hundr' de Herlaue 1198 Cur I, 1199 P, 1219 Fees (Hundredum), 1227 Ass 229 m 20, 1238 SR Ongar hd 107/1 (Hundr' de), Dimidium hundredwn de Herle 1227 Fees, On the Roding, E. of Epping and Waltham hd, containing, on the S. and K the pars of , , Stapleford Abbots, Navestock, Dimidium hundredum de Herlawe 1235 Fees, 1303 FA, Dimid' Kelvedon Hatch, Stondon Massey, High and , Norton Hundr' de Herelawe 1248, 1267 Ass 232 m 3d, 237 ID 1, Dimidia Mandeville and Fyfield: and on the N., bordering on Dunmow and Rarlow - -11 ,

III 40 O. S. Anderson The English lIunJred-Names 41 I[j" ) hds, the pars of Beauchamp and Abbess Roding, Lt., High and Magdalen mere(s)fordhundredum 1190, Northchelmeresfordhundredum 10196 ,·.'!i IIII Laver, a~d . The hundred was appurtenant to Chipping P, hundr' de Norchielmeresford', Dim' llundr' de Chelmeresford' 1 Ongar (the manor of Castelaungre with the hundred thereof' 1302 Pat; , 1:: (half hd of Chelmersford Hundredum de cf. also Ipm I. 6). 1198 Cur I 1310 Ipm), " Chelmeresford' 1198, de Chelmereford 1235, de Chclmareford' 1248 H Hundr' de Angre 1086 DB, 1155 RBE, 1185 Rot DOll, 1203 IH P, 1219 Fees, 1235 Ass 230 m Gd, Hund' de Angra 1086 DB, Fees, Hundr' de Chilmere/ord' 1248 Ass 232 m 5d, hd of Chelmes­ lj; ~l 1157, 1177 P, Hund' de Hangra 1086 DB, hdr' de Angr' 1156 P, ford 1274, of Chelmersford 1279, of Schelmersford 1317 Ipm, Hun­ ~ i 1198 Cur I, 1199 P, 1238 SR 107/1, Angrehundredurn 1188 P, dredum de Chelmesford 1428 FA. Called after CHELMSFORD, or rather after the ford at Chelmsford from hundredum de Aungre Ass 1230 P, 1248, 1267 232 m 8, 237 m 1, which the town also derives its name: Celmeresfort 1086 DB, Chelmeresford 11[; 1303 FA, de Hangre 1242 P, Haungre 1248 Ass 231 m 9, Unger­ 1185 P, 1225 Pat, 1255, 1272 FF, Chielmeresford' 1198 Cur J, Chilmeresford' hundred 1475, hd of Ongre 1484 Pat. 1199 Ch, Chelmeresford' 1201 P, 1232 Cl, Chelmareford 1218, Chelemereford Named from CHIPPING ONGAR: (at) Aungre 1043-5 (14) Wills, Angra 1219, Chelmerford 1223, Chelmaresford 1225 Pat, Chelmereford 1226, 1086 DB, 1158, 1194 P, 1202 Cur, Angr. 1174 BM, Angre 1198 Cur, 1219 Fees, Shelmereford 1239 FF, Chelemareford' 1248 Cl, Chilmereford 1248 Ass 232 1257 AD I, Angr' 1199 Cur I, 1212 l<'ees (Parva), Aungre 1212 RBE, 1244 m 2, Schelmereford' 1260 Cl, Chelmersford 1294, Chelmesford 1301 Ipm. I) Pat, 1254 Norwich (ad Castra), 1294 Jpm (ad Castrum), Hangr' 1218 Fees, 'Ce0,lmrer's ford' (OE Ceolm(i3r pn and ford). The forms with­ Hungar' 1229 Lib, Aingre 1248 Ass 232 m 8d, Aunger 1260 Pat, Haungre, out gen. -es are remarkably numerous. The loss of l' in the modern I Angre ad forum 1272 Ass 238 m 41, 43, Castelaungre 1302 Pat, Chepingangre I form is due to assimilation, and the form -chelmeles- 1130 to dissi­ 1310 FF, Chepyng Ongre 1384 Pat. OE ""anger 'grass land', 'pasture', a cognate, unrecorded except milation (Norman influence; IPN 106). The ford from which the in PNs, of OHG angar, MLG and G anger, we ~ame, ON -angr, hundred and the town are named was where the Roman road from I OSw -anger 'bay'l (in PNs). The OE form appears in Angrices London to Colchester crosses the ChplmpJ'. The name of the river I! burne 1062 KCD 813, an early name of the Roding; v. EPN 2, is a back-formation from Chelmsford (E.RN 75). The 'half-hundred' , Il PNLa 79, 221, ERN 345 s.. n. Roding. Castle (ad Castra) means 'by mentioned in two examplps probably refers either to N. or to S. I",., the castle (of Ongar)'; Chipping (ad forum) is OE cleping 'market'. Chelmsford hd. The h-forms are due to confusion with hanger (PNBss 72). I Hinckford lid Chelmsford lid A 'Very large hundred in N. Essex on the Stour, N. of Braintree and 'I A large hundred in central Essex surrounding Chelmsford (which is , E. of Freshwell and N. of Chelmsford hds, containing, on the exactly in its centre), containing Gt. Waltham, Chignall, Roxwell and west and south, the pars of Sturmer, Steeple BlImpstead, Finchingfield, I Blackmore on the west; Mountnessing, Buttsbury, Stock, S. Hanningfield Wethersfield, Shalford, Gt. Saling, Stebhing. Felstead, Braintree, Stisted, 1 and Runwell on the south; and Woodham Ferrers, Danbury, Lt. Baddow, Halstead, Pebmarsh and Bures. A small district in the NE. of the present Boreham, Gt. and Lt. Leighs on the east. It forms a rough triangle, with hundred near Sudbury, including Belchamp Waiter, Ballingdon (now in the apex towards the north. The district of the -ings (Mountnessing, etc.) Sudbury) and a lost Bineslea in Bulmer (VHEss I. 406, PNEss 418 and ref.), is mostly in this hundred. It was formerly divided into N. and S. Chelmsford. was formerly a separate half-hundred known as .... Hund' de Celmeresfort, Celmeresforda 1086 DB, Nortchel­ Dim' Hund' de Thunreslau 1086 DB. melesford hdr' 1130, NorrJ Chelmeresfordhdr' 1161, Nortchel­ The place from which the hundred takes its name is mentioned maresford' Hund' 1166, Chelm.eres!ordhdr' 1170, Nordchelmere­ twice in the cartulary of the Hospital of SI. John of Jerusalem ford' 1179, Sudchelmereford'hundredum 1183, Nord Chelmeres­ (Cott. Nero E VI f. 332; v. EAS 19. 63), which contains 13th cen­ fordhundredum 1185 P, Norhundredum de Ckelmereford' 1185 Rot tury references to 'the field of Binesley lying next ThundreslallJe', Dom, Nordhundredum de Chelmeresford 1188, Sud-, Nordchel- and 'the wood called ThunderlmIC in Hinesleie'. From these the site can be located in Bulmer, probably close to Goldingham Hall,

1 Possibly also 'narrow valley, grass land, pasture' (NoB 25. 127). near the Suffolk border (EAS 1. c.). The meaning is 'Punor's hill 42 o. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names 4:3 (mound)', the first e1. being the name of the god Punor, the second Hedingham alias IIenyngham 1482, Hithingham, llythyngham 1484 OE hlaw 'hill', 'mound'; the name must refer to some hill or mound Pat; also Heigeford 1198 FF.' sacred to the worship of Punor, the business of the hundred-court The fin;t el. is probably an -ingas derivative of OE hfjP 'lana­ being also transacted at the place of worship. For a similar hun­ ing-place'; cL Ekwall, PNing· 129, ODP s. v., Zachrisson, StNPh dred name, cf. Weneslai Bd, above; cL also Thundersley, Thunder­ V. 8 n. 3; though a pn *lJfjjJ(a) is also a possible base. The pn ley Ess (PNEss 172, 546), 'clearing dedicated to punor', and Thnrf­ *IIeiJin postulate(l in PNEss (p. 439) does not account for the table bd, below. numerOl1S i-forms. The forms with loss of -th- (-d-) are probably due to Norman influence (cf. IPN 109 L), which also accounts Hand' de Hidingeforda, Hidinghafort, lIidingaforda, Hidinghe­ for the change of J! > d. Second els. OE ford and Mi171 'home­ fort, Hidingforda, Hidingfort, lIidinghfort, Hidincfort, Hidinrforda, stead'. Hf'Dce 'ford (homestead) of the dwellers at the landing­ llindingaforda, Hedingfort Heingfordhdr' Heinge­ 1086 DB, 1158, place (on the Colne)' (OE *Hfjp'inga ford, ham). Hinckford was ford' Hund' 1166, Haingefordhrlr' 11(37, Heingefordhdr' et dim' the name of the ford over the Colne (later apparently known as 1175, 1185, hundredum et dimirliwn de Heil/getord' 1183 P, Heing­ Crouchford, PNEss 440) '/2 m. due W. of Castle Hedingharn ford' 1185 Rot Dom, Heingefordhundredum 1185, 1188, liengeford'­ church, neqr the main road from Braintree to Haverhill. The hun­ hdr' 1189, Heingesforrlhundredwn 11Hl P, Heingefnrd' 1219 Fees, dred-court was held immediately W. of the ford, in a piece of Heyngeford', Haingeford' 1227 Ass 229 m 2, 10d, Heyngford' 1227 ground raised some five or six feet above the level of the road Hengford' Hengefnrd Ass 230 ib m 20, 1235 Fees, 1227 Fees, 1235 (EAS 18. 185), locally known as Crouch Green, but called le Mot­ Ass m 4, 1238 SR 107/1, 1248 Fees, 1254 233 m 4d, 1271 rpm, 1317 stowe 12G2, illustoe Green 1592 EAS 19. 62, 18. 18(i; this is OE Hengeford' Hainford Mise, 1:349 Cl, 1357 Pat, 1258 Cl, 1260 Ipm, (ge)171otstow 'meeting-place', referring to the meetings of Hinck­ llesingford' 1260 Cl, Hengfnrd 1272 Ass 238 m 36, 1303 Ipm, ford hundred (cL EAS 18. 2U4). It is almost in the exact centre 1 1312 Fine, 1342 Pat, 1393 Cl, 1428 FA. Also Henghamhdr' 1161 of the hundred. The 'hundred and a h;llf' of Hinckford probably P, hundr' de Hengham 1Hl8 Cur I, hd of Hengham 1265 Mise, refers to the joint hds of llinekford and Thumeslalt. 1286 Jpm. The same first el. enters into CASTLE and SIBLE HEDINGHAM, on \ViUlam hfl the Colne 5 m. NW. of Halstead, in the centre of Hinckford hun­ sw. of Colehester, round Witham, bounded on the north and in part dred: Haingheham, Hedingham 1086 DB, lfidingham 1086 DB, on the east by the Blackwater, and on the south for some distance by the 1202 FF, 1251 Fine, 1281 Pat, 1304 FF, Hethingaham Hy I Abing­ Chelmer, containing the pars of Witham, Gt. and Lt. Braxted, Kelvedon, don, Heingeham 1166 RBE, 1Hl1 P, 1221 Pat, 1260 FF, Heingham Rivenhall, Lt. , Bradwell, Cressing, Black and White Notley, Fairstead, Faulkbourne, Terling, Hatfield Peverel and . The hundred, 1199 P, 1215 Fees, 1226 1"F, llidingeham 1200 FF, Hengeham 1210 which is much smaller than Hinckford or Chelmsford, was originally a -12 HBE, 1238 SR 107/1, 1271 Ipm, Hengham 1229 Pat, 1239 half-hundred. It was appurtenant to the manor of Witham (Cl. TpR 149, FF, 1256 Cl, 1263 Ipm, 1272 FF, Edingham 1246 Pat, Henygeham a grant by King Stephen to the Templars of manerium de TVitham cum 1248 FF, Hidingh' 1251 Cl, Hydingh' 1254 FF, lIittingeham 1260 dimidio hundredo ibidem .. " referring to dimidium hundredum eidem manerio pertinens: and v. p. LXXII ib. and EHR 47. 368). Cl, Hethyngham 1293 FF, 1350 Ipm, 1380 Cl, 1388, 1436 Pat, Dimidium Hundret de Witham 1086 DB, 1179 P, 1235 Fees, Hydingham 1294 Pat, 1310 FF, Hedyngham 1295 Cl, 1430 Pat, 1274 RH, Bund' de IVitham 1086 DB, 1185 Rot Dam, dim' hundr' Henigeham Ed I BM, Castelhidingham 1304 FF, Hythingham 1309, de Wiham 1130, 1183, 1191 P, 1198 Cur I, 1274 RH, dim' hdr' 1310 FF, 1349 Ipm, Hethingharn 1316 Inq aqd, 1471 Pat, Hydyng­ ha171castel, Sibilehidyngham 1312, Hyddyngham 1321 .\<'.1<', Hithyng­ 1 .For the additions O·\STLE (Castel', Chastel, ad Castrum, atte Castel, ham 1350 Fine, lthynghmn 13fJ5 Ipm, Castelhethyngham 1480. at the Castle) and SIBLE (Sibtlle, etc.) occurring from 1230 FF, 1254 Ass, Norwich, v. PNE5S 439, PNWa XLVIII. 44 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names 45 de Wifham 1161, Witham dim' Bundr' 1166, Withamhdr' 1168, Fine, Lexedcne 1280 lpm, 1292 Mise, Lcxedenn 1328 Cl, Laxeden, Lexden Withamlwndredum 1188 P, Dimidium hundredurn de lVyham 1227, 1328 lpm. 1248 Fees, 1254 Ass 233 m 50d, Dimidium Bundr'm de Wytham The first el. seems to be a pn derived from OE leax 'salmon'. 1275 RH, Bundredum de Wyham 1303 FA. The form Lr£xadyne is taken by Kohler to contain the gen. pI. Called after W1TH.l.M, the caput of the hundred: (ret) Witham 913 ASC(A), leaxa of lea.r (Angl. Forsch. 21. 54), but this is only possible if Wi/,wham D, Witharn 1086 DB, 1086 lE, Hy I Colch, 1148 TpR, 1179 P, the later forms in Lexen- (etc.) contain an analogica.! weak form 1185 TpR, 1205 FF, 1212 RBE, 12 Colch, Wiham 1195 F1", 1203 Cur, *leaxena, which though possible, is ha.rdly likely. The first el. 1219 Cl, Witteham c 1210 Fees, Wyham 1227 Ch, 1256 lpm, Wytham 1235 Cl, 1274 lpm, Whitham 1306, Wyttham 1310 lpm. is therefore probably a pn *Leaxa, which seems to occur in Leaxan The first el. is possibly OE *wiht 'bend', 'curve' (on which see QC BCS 775 (Do). Cf. the ON by-name Lax from lax 'salmon'. PNBc1 216, XLI, PNWo 183), though, if so, the early reduction Second el. OE denu 'valley'. The y of the form Lmxadyne is an in the Chronicle form is remarkable. Second el. OE ham 'home­ inverted spelling for e, similar to Ylme- for Elme- and Bucys- for stead'; v. further PPN 94, PNEss 299 f., ODP s. v. Witham. Buces- in the same text; cL ODP s. v. Elmsett and PNEss 399 s. n. Byrton. The hundred court was held a.t Stanway Bridge, 2 I,exden hd m. \V. of Lexden, in 1580 (PNEss 359), but was no doubt origi­ Mostl~. W. and N. of Colchester, on the Stour and the Colne, bounded nally held at 'Lexden itself. on the S. in part by the Blackwater, including Colne Engaine, White and Barl's Colne. Markshall and Pattiswick on the west, where it borders on Tendring hd Hinckford hd; and Coggeshall, Feering, lnworth, Messing, Birch and Stanway on the south. bordering on Witham and Winstree hds; and, The peninsula between the Stour and the Colne, E. of Colchester, detache"d. E. Donvland'and E. of Colchester. The borough of containing Alresford, Elmstead, Ardleigh, Lawford and on Colchpst~r, which 'is not in the hundred, was formerly a hundred in itself the west. It was appurtenant to Colchester Castle (hundredum de Tenclring' (Hundret de Colecestra 1086 DB, hund1"edum de Colecestrie 1154-61 Colch, quod adpredictum castrum (de Co]ecestr'] pertinet, 1258 Cl; also 121.5, Hundrcdum Burgi [de Colecestr'] 1254 Ass 233 III 58d), though the fact 1264 Pat). It is once called a 'double hundred'. tJhat Colchester cuts off a small part of Lexden hd from its main area Bund' de Tend(e)ringa, Tendringe 1086 DB, 11 hundreda de suggests that the borough was originally included in the latter hd (Dr. Tendringes 1135-54, ltundredum de Tendringia 1154--61 Colch, Round in VHEss 1. 406); cf. also, however, Tait. The Medieval English Borough, p. 48. hundredum de Tenrege 1:155 RBE, lIumlredum de Tendring' 1185 Lexedene hundredurn 1067 (1335) Ch, Bund' de Lassendene, Rot Dom, 1206 Cur, 1219 Fees, 1238 SR 107}1, 1258 Cl, Tendringe­ -dena, -dana, Lessendena, Lexendena, -dana, Lexsendena, Laxen­ hundredum 1188, Tendrigehundredum 1191, Tendriggehundredum den a, La.Tedana 1086 DB, Lexdenehundr' 1130, Lexerienhdr' 1151' 1193, hundredum de Teindrigg' 1196 P, Bundredum de Tenregge P, Lexendene hundredum 1154-61 Colch, Lexedenehdr' 1161, 1198 Fees, de Tanrige 121.2 RBE, de Tendringg' 1215 Pat, de Ten­ 1179, Lexedene Bundr' 1166, Laa:edenehdr' 1168, Lexedonehdr' derigg' 1227 Fees, de Thendrig' 1228 Cl, Hundredum de Tendringe (sic) 1175, Lexeden'hundredum 1179, 1193 P, Bundredum de -1235 Fees, 1274 RH, de Teyndrigg' 1248 Ass 232 m lld, hd of Lexeden' 1185 Rot Dom, 1219 Fees, Bundredum de Lexenden' Tendring 1264 Pat, 1265 Mise, 1270, 1317 Ipm, of Tenring 1266 1198 Fees, 1207 Ch, 1238 SR 107/1, de Lexsinden' 1248 Fees, 1267 Pat, hundredum de Tendrin 1274, de Tendringes 1275 RH, hd of Tendering 1283 Fine, hd of Tendrengg 1303 Ipm. Ass 237 m 1, Bundr' de Lexinden' :1275 RH, de Lexeden 1275 RH, 1346 FA. Called after TENDR1NG, in the centre of the hundred, 9 m. E. of Colchester: Tend(e)ringe, Tendringa 1086 DB, Tenring 1195 FF, 1259 Cl, Called after LEX DEN, on the Colne just W. of Colchester: (ret) Lrexadyne Tenrig', Thendring 1200 Cur, Tenringe 1200 FF, Tendringe 1203 Cur, I.·.!~l c 1000 (c 11t.h) Wills. Lessendena, Lexsendena 1086 DB, Lexendene 1233 Tendringes 1203 FF, Tendring' 1205 Obl, 1254 Ass 233 III 53, Tentindring' him Bracton. 1243--48 AD I, Lexeden 1234, 1257 FF, 1291 Pat, Lexendon (sic) (sic) 1212 Fees, Tendrige, Tandringe 1212 RBE, Tendrig' 1222 Fees, Tenderug 1234 1"1", Lexenden' 1242 P (pertinens ad burgum de Colecestr'), 1272 Ass 1232 Pat, Tendring 1235 FF, 1269 lpm, 1281 Ch, Tendringg 1236 FF, 238 III 46d, Le:rinden' 1254 Ass 233 ill 54, Lexenden 1275, Lexinden 1280 Tenderinge 1294, Tyndringges (p) 1318 Pat. 46 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred.Names 47 The vowel of the first syllable of the name is no doubt an the pars of Layer de la Hare, Breton and Marney, VirIey, Salcott, G1. and original -y-, the regular e-form being due to the change of y > e Lt. Wigborough, Peldon, Abberton, Langenhoe, Fingringhoe and Mcrsey in Essex: cf. ODP s. v. Tendring, and note the last form. Profes­ Island. The hundred, which is a small one, was It 'half-hundred', like sor Ekwall (I. c.) compares the German Tiindern on the Weser Thurstable hd to the EOuth of it. (Tundiriun 1004, Tundirin 1025), taking the name to be an OE Hund' dp JVensistreu 1086 DB, Wensistrphundrpr/um 1185, *Tendringas, derived from the base *tundr- in OE tynder 'tinder', Wensiestrehundredurn 1187 P, Wensintre c 1200 REE, 1235 Fees which is snggested to have had the meaning 'beacon'. Tendring is (dimidium hundredum), 1248 Ass 232 m 6, 1285 QW, Wenesingestr' then 'the people at the beacon'; alternatively it is suggested that 1198 Cnr I, Wensintr' 1219, Dimidium hundredum de Wensingtre the name may simply denote migrants from Tiindern; cf. also 1227 Fees, 1254 Ass 233 m 55 (Hundr'), Wensingtr' 1232 FF, PNEss 351 f. The name is no doubt to be connected with OE Wesentr' 1238 SR 107/1, Wesintre, tVenestr' 1248 Ass 232 m lld, tynder, but it is perhaps worth considering whether the base is not 231 m 18, Wensetr' 1248 Ass 231 m 18, 1254 Ass 233 III 10, 13d, a derivative in sing. ing, rather than ingas. The evidence for the 15, 1275 RH (Dimid' hundr'm), Dim' Hundr' de Wensentre 1254 plur. form is slight, the -inges forms recorded being very few; as Ass 233 m 55, Half hd of Wensetre 1265 Mise, 1267 Ass 237 m 1 -inges forms are frequently on record even for quite certain sing. (Dim' hundr' de), 1285 QW (hd), 1321 Pat (hd), 1330 Misc, Dimid' names (such as Clavering, aboYe, Or Cressing PNEss 285), the few Hundr'm de Wensyngtre, Wensintre 1272 Ass 238 m 47d, 50, Wens­ -inges forms of Tendring are not proof of the name's being a tre 1274 RH, 1286 lpm, 1346 FA, 1399 Ipm, Wesentre 1285 QW, plural one, and a simpler etymology might be reached by start­ Wensentr[e] 1303 FA, half-hundred of Wenestre 1330 Cl, lVenestr' ing from the sg. form. OE tynder 'tinder' is allied to OE -tendan 1340 NI, Wenstr[e] 1428 FA, hd of Wynstre called 'Wynstre half­ 'to kindle', and formerly also had the general sense of 'material hundred' 1485 AD II: - 'Wynsige's tree' (OE Wynsige pn and for kindling', 'fuel'. An OE *Tyndring would mean 'place where treo 'tree'). The forms in -in(g)- are a late development (cf. the tynder or fuel is found (or gathered)', the name being some­ Cur form). The tree, which was the meeting-place of the hundred, what analogous to sing. ing-names like Clavering, Cressing, Dock­ probably stood near a place in Layer de la Haye, called Nustouwe ing, Thurning, Wratting etc., which are derived from names of c 1300, (aUe) AJotstowe 1285, from OE (ge)rnotstoU) 'meeting-place'; plants (trees). The -rige (etc.) forms are curious. They may be partly cf. PNEss 314. due to assimilation, possibly also to confusion with the word 'ridge'. There is similar vacillation in 'early forms of Windridge and Thurstable hd Thundridge lIrt (PNHrt 92, 205), whose second 1'1. is, however, N. of MaId on, bounded S. and W. by the Blackwater and N. by Salcott OE hrycg. The hundred meeting-place was on Tendring Heath N. Channel and Winstree, Lexden and Witham hds, containing the pars of of the village, called 'Hundred Heath' in an old map of 1777 ToIIesbury, ToIIeshunt Major, Knights and D'Arcy, Gt. and Lt. Totham, (VHEss 1. 406, EAS 18. 180). This is no doubt the place called Wickham , Langford, Hcybridge, and Osea Island. It was It half-hundred like Winstree hd, which it adjoins on the north. Tendryngshameles, where the sheriff's tourn for the hundred was Thurestaple hundredum 1067 (1335) Ch, HundTet de Turestapla held in 1341 (pat); -shamel(es) is from OE scamol 'bench', 'stool' 1086 DB, TUTSt' 1185 Hot Dom, Turstapl' 1198 Cur I, 1199 P, 1248 (G Schemel), and must refer to benches for the hundred court; cf. Fees (Dimidium hundredum), 1275 RH (Dimid' hundr'), Turstapel' PNEss 325. The word is used by itself as a hundred name in 1219 Fees, 1254 Ass 233 m 8d, Dim' Hundr' de Thurstapl' 1227, Shamwell K, below.. 1254 Ass 229 m 17d, 233 m 51d, Dimid' Hundr' de Thurstapel 1235 Ass 230 m 3, 1257 Cl (mcdietas hundredi), Thurstaple 1265 Winstree hd Mise (half hd), 1267 Ass 237 m 1 (di. hundr.), 1303 FA, 1319 Ipm, S. of Colchester. on the coast W. of the Colne estuary, bounded west 1321 Pat, 1346, 1428 FA, Dimid' Hundr'rn de Thorstapel, Thur­ in by Salcott Channel ~nd north for some distance b}' , containing stapele 1272 Ass 232 m 42, 50, Thurstapell 1428 FA, Thurstable :1i ;,1., ( ,;I;~II i!1i ·;,1" 48 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names 49 L ,I 1610 Speed: - OE *Punres-stapol 'pillar of the god Punor' (cf. Danengeye supra 1276 FF, 1299 Abbr, Denseye 1282, Dansye 1288 FF, PNEss 302). The loss of -n- is paralleled in Thursday (ME Danege 1290 Cl, Danegeye 1292, Danyngeye 1305 Pat.. Dangeye 1313 lpm, ,jll~ Dengeye 1344 Mise. pur(e)sdai) from OE punresdIXg; cf. ODP.' The site of Probably originally 'Dene's island' (OE Dene pn and leg 'is­ the pillar is lost; but in 1258 Cl there is mention of prisona regis land'), though t.he earliest. form and occasional later forms point de Thurstapl', and a Hundredhouse is mentioned in 1398 (PNEss), to an alternative *Deninga leg 't.he island of the sons of Dene'; probably with reference to the meeting-place of Thurstable M. d. ODP s. v. The a-form is regular in the Essex dialect.. PNEss I- Dengie hd (p. 213), referring to Zachrisson (Acta Philologica Scandinavica, The peninsula between the Blackwater and the Crouch estuaries, S. of I. 284 ff.), derive the name from OE denn 'woodland pasture', but , containing the pars of Woodham WaIter and Mortimer, , it is hardly possible to explain the variation between the ing­ , and on the west. :Maldon Borough forms and the regular es-forms from this base.' It is clear that itself is not included in the hundred, and earlier formed a separate half­ the (e)s-forms are not developed from those in -nge-, which are hundred (Dimidiuill Bund' de Melduna 1086 DB, Dim' BundT' de Maudun' later, but. the reverse. Dengie may be connected with Danbury 1227, Dimid' Bundr' de Meudon' 1235 Ass 229 ill 17d, 230 m 2). An earlier name for Dengie hd is - ab. 12 m. t.o the ,vest (OE *Deninga burg), which may be 'fortress of the sons ·of Dene'; but. the meaning may, alternatively, be Ilund' de Witbrictesherna, Wibrictesherna 1086 DB, hundredwn 'fortress of the valley people' (OE denu) (ODP). OE leg 'island' de Wibrihtesherna, -herne 1154-61 Colch. - The first el. is OE here means 'piece of firm land in a marsh'. Dengie Marsh is Wihtbeorht pn. The second is taken in PNEss (p. 208) to be OE dose by. hyrne 'corner'; but is more probably OE pyrne 'thorn-bush', which makes better sense; -hyrne, -hirne instead of -thyrne, -thirne also Rochfonl Ill] occurs in e. g. AS"iardhurn (wap) Li, cf. also Eyhorne hd K, below. On the coast in SE. Essex between the Crouch and the , These forms may be due to Norman influence. Hence "Wihtbeorht's containing , Rayleigh, Leigh and Southend, and, on the west.. the thorn-bush'. pars of Rawreth, Thundersley (part) and Hadleigh. Hundredum de Rockesforde Wm I MS Cotton Faust. A HI f. Danes'hdr' 1161, Danesiahundredum 1183, Danesiehundredum 126, Hund' de Rochesfort, Rochefort 1086 DB, Rochesf'hdr' 1161 P, 1185, 1191, 1195, 1201 P, Hundredum de Danesheia 1198 Fees, Hund,' de Rocheford' 1172 P, 1198 Fees, 1230 P, 1235 Cl, 1248 Hundredum de Danesya 1219 Fees, hundredum de Danesee 1225 Fees, Rochesfordhundredurn 1180, Rochefordhl1nrlredwn 1181, 1195 Pat, 1265 Misc, hundredum de Danesye 1226 Pat, 1248 Fees, 1254 P, Hundredl1m de Rochesford 1199 P, Jul of Rocheford 12:35, 1273 Ass 233 m 51d, Hundredllm de Daneseye 1227, 1235 Fees, 1274 Pat, 1280, 1319 Ipm, Racheford hd Hy:3 Ipm, Hundredllin de RH, 1286, 1291, 1305 Ipm, Danseye 1248, 1267 Ass 231 m 9, 237 Rochefford 1303 FA, hd of Rochford 1340 Ch. m 7d, 1319 SR 107(10, 1321, 1355 Pat, hd of Dangeye 1251 Ch, Called after ROCHFORD, on the Hoach in the centre of the hundred: Hundr' de Deneseye 1274 RH, Dansy 1303 Ipm, Danse 1343 Fine, Rochetort 1086 DB, 1194 P (p), Rocheford 1177 P (p), 1233 BM, 1234 FF, Dangyhundred 1348 Pat, Dangeye 1353 Ipm, Dengye 1610 Speed. 1254 Ipm, 1293 Pat.. Rochetord' 1185 Hot Dom, 1206, 1214 Cur, 1233 Fees, Called after DENGlE, in the E. of the hundred, 2 m. NE. of : 1247 Cl, Rochesford 11!)7, 1239 FF, Racheford (p) 1200 P, Recheford (p) Deningei 709-45 (17) PNEss, (on) Denesige c 950 (14) Wills, Daneseiam 1243--8 AD I. Ratehtorde 1548 EAS 13. 159. 1086 DB, Daneseiam 1123-33 Oxf, Daneseia 1189 (1364) Ch, Danesie (p) 'Ford of the -dog' (OE r(('cc 'hunting-dog' and ford); 1200 Cur, Danesy 1210-12 RBE, 1212, 1235 Fees, Daneseya, Daneg' 1236 v. ERN 343, PNEss 196, ODP s. v. Rochford, and cf. PNWo 69. Fees, Denche Hy3 RBE, Danesye 1242 Fees, 1254 Ass 233 m 52, Daneseye 1248, 1252, 1262 FF, 1283 Pat, Danigeye 1248 FF, Deneseie 1274 RH, The development of a> 0 is paralleled in other similar names,

1 It :'honld also be noted that, apart from its supposed occurrence in 1 Also, more fully, ESt 70. 55 f. In Ess we may also have to reckon Dengie and Danbury (and the lost Danegris, connected with them), the with influence from ODa Pur. word denn 'pasture' does not oecur in Essex PNs (v. PNEss 556). 4 50 O. 8. AnderRon The English Hundred-Names 51 e. g. Rochdale La (PNL:t 54), Rochford Wo (<:: OE RfEccesford), 1270, 1284, 1286, 1306, 1326 Ft', Ed 3 AD lIL Barrlestapl' 1254 but it was probably helped by the influence of the French Ass 233 m 49d, Berstaple 1343 Cl (p), 13HO Ipm, Barstaple 1361 Rochefort. The river name Roach is a back-formation from Roch­ Cl, 1381 Pat, Berdstaple 1371 Pat, Berdestaplehalle 1391 AD I, ford. The meeting-place of the hundred was doubtless at the ford Barstapilhalle in Bertlesdp7l 1450 Ipm). The original Hnll stood from which the town takes its name. farther south than the present one, at the highest point in the parish, near where the pars of Laindon, Corringham, Vange and Barstablc hd Ba~i1don meet (EAS 18. 194). This spot is probahly called (Upper)­ On the Thames N. of Tilbur~', extending northwards as far as Billerieay, motehill, i. e. 'moot hill', in 1573 (PNEss 140). including on the eaRt the pars of Downham, , N. and S. Benneet, Thundersley (partly in Hochford hd) and Canyey Island: on the north Barstable should probably be taken with Barnstaple Dv (OE Ramsden Benhouse and Crays. (H. Burstead (with Billerieay), Lt. Burstead, B(e)ardastapol, Barda(n)stapol; v. B10me 10, PNDv 25), and the Hutton, Shenfield and Doddynghurst: and on the west lng-rave, ·W. lIorndon, name seems also to occur in Berdestapel 1260 PNBd 298 (Berdes­ Bulphan Orsett and Lt. . It iR bounded on the west for some stapel in Bedford 1260 AD I), in Bastow Hill Hrt (Berstalhell 1362, distance'bv Mar Dyke. In 1243 (FF) there is mention of 'the two hundreds Berstapelfeld 1479 PNHrt 296), and in Berdestapelesholme 13 ib. and a half' of Barstable, but their area is uncertain. Hundredum Beardestaple Wm 1 (c 1300) MS Cotton Faust. Various etymol9gies of the name have heen proposed, uut no A 1Il f. 126, Hundret de Berdestapla 1086 DB, 1130 P, 1152-62 definite solution has been found. In PNDv the first el. of Colch, Bardestapla 1141-52 (1383) Ch, Beniestaple 1155, 1210 Barnstaple is derived from an OE pn *Bearda inferred from OE -12 RBE, 1225 Pat, 1235 Ass 230 m 9d, 1245 Lib, 1265 Mise, Beardaneu (Bardney Li) and Beardingaleag (Bardingley K), and 1267 Ass 237 m 1, 1275 Ipm, 1276 FF, 1278 Abbr, 1285 Cl, 1290 corresponding to OHQ Bardo. This pn may be the first el. of some Fine 12941pm, 1299, IBI0, 1314 Pat, 1318Ch, 1330 Fine, 1333. 1342 names in Bard-, but it can hardly be supposed that it should occur Cl, 1344, 1354 Ipm, 1398 Cl, 1428 FA, Bardestaple 1154---61 Col~h, in combination with OE stapol 'post, pillar' in all the cases noted 1285 QW, 1362 Black PriIl(~e, 138::! Cl, Berdestnpl'hundredum 1119, above. This is also tnlC of the OE ""bearde or *bearda 'edge, ridge' 1188 1193. Berdestaplelwndredu1n 1180, 1185, Bardestapl'hundre­ assumed by Zachrisson (ZONF 10. 248). We may no doubt also dum'1191 P, Berdestapl' 1197 P, 1233 Cl, 1238 SR 107/1, 1240 Cl, rule out the adj. *beardede 'beaTded' proposed by Karlstrom 1248 Fees, 1254 Ass 233 m 49d, 1263 Abbr, Berdestapl' 1198 Cur (StNPh 2. 68; cf. PNEss 141, PNHrt 296), as there is no trace of I, Berdestapell' 1219 Fees, Berdestapel 1226 Cl, 1243 I..ib, 1243, the ending ede in the early forms, and it does not give a good 1244 FF, 1254 Ass 233 m 10, 1275 RH, 1277 Cl, 1318 Fme, 1330 meaning. For Barnstaple Ekwall alternatively suggested OE barda Ipm Bardestapl' 1227, Berdestapel' 1236 Fees, Bardestaplia 1240 'beaked ship', the name meaning 'post to which a warship was moorfd' (ODP). Barstable he would now rather derive from an Bra~ton, Berstapl' 1254 Ass 233 III 50, Berdestapele 1272 Ass 238 m 50, 1282 Ipm, Berdstaple 1278 Abbr, 1319 Ch, 1417 Ipm, OE cognate of OHG barta, OS bm'da, ON baroa 'battle-axe' and Berstaple 1281 Pat, 1320 Orig, 1333 Cl, Bredestapil 1321 Pat. stapol, comparing hundred-names like Gartree Le, Li, whose first Berestaple 1361 Cl, Barstaple 1365 Black Princ:, 137~ Cl. -:- The el. may be OE gllr (ON geirr) 'spear' (cf. ODP p. XXIX), and suggesting that the name may have reference to some activity at hundred takes its name from BARSTAHLE (Hall) III Baslldon, III the centre of the hundred (Berdestestapla (sic) 1086 DB, Berdestapl' the hundred moot. Whether this interpretation is possible for any of the other names is, however, uncertain. 1194. 1199 P (PJ, 1199 Cur Il, 1201 Cur (p), 12B8 SR 107/1, 1243, 1246 Fine, 1254 Ass 2B3 m 49d, 1275 RH, Berdestaple 1194 Cur I, 1200, 1214 Cur (p), 1224 Pat (p), 1242-59 AD I, 1262 FF, (1Jmfford hIl 1275 Ahbr, 1276, 1311 FF, 13B1, 1354 Ipm, Berdestapel' 1212 A narrow. fairlr small hundred on the Thames S. of Brentwood. Cur 1270 FF, Berdestabel' 1235 Ass 230 m 9d, BI'']'(7estapele 1240, containing the pars of Brentwood, S. Weald, Gt. and Lt. Warley, Childer­ , . ditch, N. and S. Ockendon, , l;pminster, Rainhalll. Wennington, 52 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names 53 Ave!ey, Stifford, Grays and 'V. Thurroek. It is bounded W. by the trehundredum 1185, Begentrie 1198, 1203 P, Begintre, Beghentro Ingrebourne and Weald Brook, and E. in part by Mar Dyke. c 1200 RBE, Beghintre 1198 (1383) Ch, Bekentre 1198 Cur I, 12.54, Ceafford hundredum 1067 (1335) Ch (spurious), Ceford 1066 1272 Ass 233 m 48, 238 ill 41, 1274 RH, 1280 QW, 1349 Ipm, -86, 1087, Cmfforde 1085-89 PNEss, Cesfeworda, Ceffeorda, 1377 Cl, 1428 FA, Bekintr' 1219 Fees, Berkintre 1225 Pat, Ceffeurda 1086 DB, Chafhe'Word 1166, Chaffewurdahdr' 1167, Bekintre 1227 Ass 229 m 5, Becki1lgtre 1227 Fees, Bekintre 1235 Chafwurdhdr' 1175, Chaffewurthhundredam' 117H, Chaffewurd'hun­ Fees, 1281 Tpm, Bekentr' 1238 SR 107/1, 1254 Ass 233 m 48, dredum (var. Chaltewurd'-) 1183, Chaffewurdeliundredum 1185, 1275 RH, 1340 NI, Bekyntre 1248 Ass 232 m 10, 1265 Mise, 1318, Chaffewurdahundredum 1186, Chatfurdltwulredum 1188 P, Chatford 1321 Pat, 1346 FA, 1374 Pat, Becchintre 1267 Ass 237 ill lrl, 1203 P, 1227,1248,1254 Ass 229 m 15d, 232 m 3, 233 m 49, 1257 Cl, Begentrowe alias Bekentre 1392 Pat, Bekentre alias Begentrowe 1265 Mise, 1272 Ass 238 m 40,1272 Ipm, 1274 Rll, 1292 Bodl, 1317, 1399 Ch, 1462 Pat, Bekyngtre 1450 Pat; Beyntree 1341, Byentre 1321 Pat, 1346 FA, 1381 Pat, 1384 Cl, 13931pm, 1450 Pat, Chatford' 1368 PNEss, Becontre 1610 Speed. - The hundred meeting-place, 1219 Fees, 1254 Norwich, Cafford 1225 Pat, 1235, 1267 Ass 230 m -~ from which the hundred takes its name, was on HEATH 9d, 237 In 1, Chafforde 1235 Fees, Chatorde 1275 RH. - The in Dageuham, in the centre of the original hundred (Bekyntre 1248 meeting-place of the hundred, from which it derives its name, Ass 232 ill 3d, Bentre, Bekentr' 1254 Ass 233 m 3, 48d (all p), was on CHAFFORD H£ATH (Cheaffeworda (p) 1130 P, Chafford (p) Bekentre 1262 FF (p), 1337 Cl (forest), Beyntre (p) 1340 NI; 1248 Ass 232 m 10, Chafford Hethe 1461 PNEss), in Bekentrehathe, Bentrehathe 13--H EAS 16. 90, Byntreheth 1452, (6"), c. 2 m. S. of Upminster viI. The first e1. of the name is Bentrye Hethe 1594 PNEss). - First cl. probably an OE pn probably a pn *Ceaffa, on which see PNDv 368, ODP s. v. *Beohha, also occurring in K, across the Thames, ab. Chaffcombe; second e1. OE worp 'enclosure', 'homestead'. The form 12 m. SW. of BecontTee, which shows the same phonetic develop­ Chatford, which arose through the assimilation of t and w, might ment, and in Biohhandun BCS 702; cf. PNEss 88 (where other point to a base *Ceatworp, the first e1. bE'ing OE ceat 'chaff' but parallels are mentioned), PPN 21, ODP s. v. Beckenharn; diffE'rently, probably also 'rubbish', 'fallen twigs' (cf. UDP s. v.. Cheveley Ca), but hardly convincingly, Wallenberg KPN 212 f., PNK 8. Second but the regular mE'dial -e- of the earliE'st spelhngs (the early e1. OE treo 'tree'. Hence 'Beohha's tree'. charter forms being from later copies) is against this, and worp -~- is as a rule combined ,,,ith pns. Between the two labial consonants ,~ f and ~/} the medial vowel would no doubt soon be apt to be lost, Middlesex whence Chafford. The variant spelling Chaltewunl 1183 can hardly be of importance for the etymology as assumed in PNEss (120). Middlesex now contains six hundreds, Edmonton, Ossulstone, Gore. Elthorne, Spelthorne and Isleworth, and the same division was in existence It is clearly due to folk-etymology, if not merely misread for in 1086, with the differencp, that Isleworth ha was then called after Hounslow. Chaffe-. The only notable change in the arrangement of the hundreds after Domesday is the recent inclusion of the greater part of Ossulstone hd in the County Becontree hll of London. OssuIstone was originally the largest of the six hundreds, but now only two small portions of it remain in Middlesex. The rest of the In SW. Essex, on the Thames and the Lea, containing , East hundreds were considerably smaller than Ossulstone, Isleworth being the Ham, I1ford, Barking, , Woodford, , Leyton and smallest; Edmonton seems, however, originally to have been a 'half-hundred'. Wanstead. It formerly also included the pars of , and The remaining three, Gore, Elthorne and Spclthorne, are of roughly equal Havering alte Bower, but these pars are now in Havering atte Bower area. Liberty (Hundr'm de Bekentre eum libertate de Hauerynge 1272 Ass 238 m 41 hundreds of Bekyntre and HU1'eryng 1321 Pat). Edmonton hll Hunaret de Beuentreu 1086 DB, Beyetreowa 1140--52 (1383) Consists of the NE. corner of .Middlesex, the pars of Enfield, Edmonton. Ch, Begentre 1155 RBE, 1242 P, Begentrehundredum 1179, Beggen- Tottenham, Wood Green, Southgate, S. Mimms, and (formerly) Monken O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names 55 Hadlcy (Herts). It was originally a. half-handred, but is termed a 'hundred was helll at Osilston in 1400 (Pat), and in 1469 lib.) there is and a half' in 1130 (probably in error). mention of a court held at Osil.~ton. Delmetone (sic) hvnd' 1086 DB, hundr' et dim' de Edelmetona 1130, LEdelmeton'hundredum 1183, dimidium hundredll1n de Gore hIl Elminton' 1188, Edelmeton'hundredum 1191, 1200, /Edelmeston'­ . The northern portion of )fiddlesex, N. of Ilendon and Harrow. inducting hllndredum 1194 P, Dimidium }/UlIllredum de Edelmeton' 1195 P, PlIlne~ on th.e west and Edgware on t.he east. In 1274 lAss 539 rn 21) 1198 Cur 1, 1235, 1294 Ass 536 m 8, 543 m 63, Dimidiu1l1 Hundr'm there IS mentIOn of a hd of Edg-ware (HundTedulIl de Egesu.-rre). de Edelllletone 1274 Ass 538 In 24, Dim' hundr' de Eddelmeton Hvnd' de Gam, Gare 1086 DB, Gar/ulr' 1168. 1177, 1195 P, 1275 RH, Hundredum de Edelmeton 1316 FA. Gar hundr' 1198 Cur I, Huncfr' de Gorhundr' 1236, 1274 Ass Called after EDMONTON: Adelmetone 1086 DB, Eadelmeton I 12th BM, 536 m 7, £,>39 m Hid, hd of Gore 12ti5 Mise, Hundredum de Gore­ Edelmelon' 1198 Cur 1, 1200 Cur, 1228 Cl, 1242 Fees, 1278 FF, Edelinton' hundrede 1274 Ass 538 III 24, Go/'hundred' 1275 RH. Hundr'm de 1200 Cur, Edelmintone 1210-12 RBE, Edelmeston' 1214 Cl, Edelmetun Gorhundret 1294 Ass ;')43 m 47, HundredulI1 de la Gore 13H;, 1217AD V, Edolmeton 1235 FF, Edelmeslun' 1236 Fees, Edelington 1260 FF, Edelinlon 1275 FF, 1306 Bodl, Edmenton 1368 AD I, 1392 FF, Edelynton 1428 FA, Goare 1610 Speed: - OE giim 'triangular piece of land', 1397, Edelrnynton 1397, 1406 FF. 'gore'. This was the name of the hunured meeting-place, but the - - C~ll" 'Eadhelm's homestead' (OE Eadhelm p~ anll tiln 'enclosure', site is not known; it is mentioned as Gor 1220 and a ,John premi~es 'ht?mestead', 'village') or 'the homestead of Eadhelm's people' (OE de Gore, who may have come from here, had in Harrow *Eadhelminga tun); cL Gover and ODP. The regular early form in 1307 (FF). In the forms from Ass the word -hundred has become is Edelmeton (very frequent in the 13th cent.), l).nu only three part of the name itself, a new 'Hunllred' being added in front. forms in -s- have been noted. EHhorne hll Ossulstone hd The wester~lD~ost portion of Middlesex, E. of Uxbridge, induding Northwood, RUlShp. Northolt, Greenford, Perivale. Hamvell, and New Now mostly in the , but as late as 1831 it contained Brentford on the east, and Norwood, Cranford, HarJington and Harmonds­ the main part of modern London N. of the Thames (except London ami worth on the south. Westminster Cities), extending from the Essex border to Old Brentford and Ealing, and including Willesden, Hampstead, Finchley, Friern Barnet, Heletorne, Helethorne hd' 1086 DB, El1ethornehdr' 1130 Homsey and Finsbury on the north. Elethornhdr' 1168, Ellethornhdr' 11ti9, 1188, 1193, Ellesthorn.' Osvlvestan(e) hvnd' 1086 DB, Osuluestanhdr' 1130, 1177, 1183, hundredum 1177, Helethornltundredwn 1183 P, Ellethorn 1235, 1193, 1200, Osulfestan hdr' 1168, 1186, 1191 (-hundredum), Osulue­ 1274 Ass 536 m 6, 539 ID 20, 12,5 RH, Hellethorn 1235 Ass stonhundredwn 1180, 1185 P, Osoluestan' 1195 P, 1235 Ass 536 536 m 6d, Elethorn 1235 ih m 9, 1265 .Mise, 13H3, 1428 FA m 7, Oseluestanhundredum 1196 P, Osuluestan' 1198 Cur 1, Osulue­ Eleporn 1275 RH, Elethorn' 1274, 1294 Ass 538 m 11,543 ID 49d: ston' 1235, 1274 Ass 536 m 9, 539 m 12, Osoluestan, Osoluesston, Elt/wrn' 1294 Ass 543 m 47, Elt/wrne 1610 Speed: - 'EUa's Otholueston', Othl1lueston', Osolston' 1274 Ass 538 m 19(dl, 25, thorn-bush' (OE EUa pn and porn 'thorn-bush') (Gow!'). The It 20, 11, Osolueston 1274, 1294 Ass 5:18 m 21, 543 m 55, 1316 FA, of some forms is seconuary (Norman influence). The name remains OthuIuestoll 1275 RH, Oselston 1290 Ipm, Oselueston' 1294 Ass in ELTHORNE Heights (6") between Greenford anu Hanwell, E. of 543 m 47, Oseolveston 1315 (1352) Pat, Osulueston 1428 FA: ­ the Brent. 'fhe GWR station at HanweIl is still called 'Hanwell 'Osumlf's stone' (OE OSl1JUlf pn and stun 'stone'). Mr. Gover kindly and EIthorne'. The site is on fairly high ground, on the eastern informs me that the traditional hundred meeting-place is on the edge of the hundrerl. site of the present Marble Arch, at the junction of Watling Street Spl'lthorne hd (Edgware Road) and the Roman road to Staines, but there is still Contains the SW. portion of the county, on the Thames E. of Staines. an OSSULSTON Street near St. Pancras station. The sheriff's tourn S. of Elthorne hd, tontaining the pars of Teddington, Hanworth. Felt.ham:

I I I I .:'1 I 56 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names 57 , E. Bedfont and Stanwell on the north, where it is in part bounded by the lstleswrth' 1210, 1st (e)le1curth' 1214 Cur, lstelesu;urth' 1221-30 Fees, . ; Crane. lstleworth' 1231 Cl, Histlesu'urth' 1235 Ass 536 ill 6d, Ystel-, Istelu'Tth 1268, Speletorne, Spelethorne h17nd' 1086 DB, Speletornhdr' 1168, lstelworth 1300, Thistelworth 1302 Pat, Yiselworthe 1305 FF. Spelethornhdr' 1169, 1177, 1185, Spelesthornhdr' 1170, 1183, 'GZslhere's homestead' (OE Gislhere pn and worp 'enclosure', Spellethornhundredmn 1188, 1191, 1193, Spelethornehundredum 'homestead'). The loss of r is due to dissimilation, and the -t- is 1195 P, Spelthorn 1198 Fees, 1265 Mise, Spelethorn 1235, 1274, intrusive (ODP). 1294 Ass 536 m 6, 538 m 11,5<13 m 4., 1316 FA, 1340 Cl, 1428 FA, Spellethorn, Speleporn 1275 RH, SpeltJlOrne 1610 Speed: ­ 'Speech thorn-bush', from OE spell 'speech', 'discourse' and [Jarn 'thorn-bush'. This refers to the meetings of the hundred court; The Surrey hundreds are arranged in two groups separated by the cL Spelhoe hd Np. In 1340 (Pat) there is reference to the sheriff's North Downs and the Hog's Back, which form a barrier between the eight tourn at Spelethorne. hundreds in the N. of the county, and the series of six hundreds ranged between the Downs and the Weald (Farnham, Godalming, Blackheath, Wotton, Reigate and Tandridge), whose boundaries run parallel from N. Isleworth bd to S. The arrangement of the hundreds of the northern portion of the A small hundred on the Thames S. of Brentford, containing Hounslow, county is not equally symmetrical, but there may be distinguished a string Haston, Isleworth and Twickenbam. In Domesday it is called after IIounslow, of four hundreds along the Thames (Brixton, Kingston, Elmbridge and but later always after Isleworth, apparently its caput. Godley), the remaining four lying between these and the North Downs. The hundreds are fairly uniform in shape and area. Effingham hd is very Honeslavv hvnd' 1086 DB. small (only including three parishes), but this was a half-hundred. Kingston Called after HOUNSLOW: Hllndeslawe 1200 Ch, 1217 Pat, 1274 and Farnham hds are also somewhat smaller than the rest; the latter was, Ass 538 m lld, lluneslawe 1235 Ass 536 III 6d, Ilundeslauwe 1242 however, formed from the manor of Farnham, and is first mentioned as a Fees, Hundeslawe 1252 Cl, 1257 FF, 1296 Ch, 1315 Cl, Houneslawe hundred in the . The greater part of Brixton hd is now in the r 1313 Pat, Hounslawe 1406 FF: - 'Huml's barrow'; cf. (of) lIundes County of London. hlwwe BCS 687, (on) Hundes hlww BCS 899 (Brk) and Hounds­ Kingston hll borough hd So; and v. Gover 50 and GDP. *Hund is not on S. of Richmond, E. of the Thames, containing Richmond, Kew, independent record as a pn; it is a byname from OE hund 'dog'. Kingston-on-Thames, Surbiton, Ham, Petersham, Coombe, MaIden, Tolworth, Second e1. OE hliiw 'barrow', 'hill'. Long Ditton and Hook. The hundred was appurtenant to the manor of Kingston C'juratores dicunt quod hundredum de Kingeston' pertinet et Ystles1clIrahundredum 1177, Ysteleswurdehundredum 1183 P, semper pertinuit et debet pertinere ad dominicum illud et ad villam illam', hundredu1!l de Istlesworde 1176--88 (1330) Ch, Istleswurdehundre­ 1200 Cur)_ dum 1195, hundredum de Istleswurae 1197 P, Hundr' de Istelewora ChingestvTI, -ton hd' 1086 DB, hdr' de Chingeston' 1168, 1198 Cur I, Hundr' de Istles1vurth' 1235, de Isteleswrth', Istele­ Chingestonehdr' 1175, Kingestonllllndredum 1176 P, Hundredum. worth' 1274 Ass 536 m 6d, 538 m 11, 23d, Hundr' de Istelwrth de Kingestun 1212 Fees, HlIndr' de Kingeston' 1225 Ass 863 m 3<1, 1275 RH, lIundredum de Istelworth 1316 FA. 1241 Fees, Hundr'm de Iiyngestone 1279 Ass 876 m 51, lIundredum Called after ISLEWORTH, apparently the caput of the hundred ': de Kingeston 1316 FA. Gislheresuuyrth 695 RCS 87,' Gistelesworde 1086 DB, Ystleswuroa 1177, Called after the royal manor of KINGSTON-ON-TH,HIES, caput of the IstelislL'uroa (p) 117!l, Ysteleswurd', Ystlewuroa 11!l2, Ystleswurda 1194 P, hundred (v. above): Cyninges tljn 838 BCS 421, Cyninges tun 1121 (s. a. 979) ASC(E); Cingestun 838 (12), Cyngestun 972 BCS 423, 1290, (rot) , In 1374 (Orig) the king gave to Johannes de Ipre 'manerium Regis Cincgestune 1016-20, (on) Kyngestune 1017-35 KCD 732, 1327 (copy), de Istelworth unacum hnndredo de Istelworth et omnibus aliis pertinentiis (rot) Cinges tune c 1050 (s. a. 924, 979) ASC(C), (rot) Cynges tune c 1100 suis -'. (s_ a. 924) ASC(D), Chingestune 1086 DB, Kingeston' 1165, 1187 P, 1201 Cur, , Cl. ODP VIII. 1236 Cl, Chingestona 1168 P, Chingeston' 1193 P, 1203 Cur, Kinkeston' 1200 58 The English Hundred-Names 59 O. S. AndeTl'on -~ Cur, Kingestun' 1212 Fees, 1237 Cl, Kynkeston', Gyngeston' (p) 1236 Cl, r~. Wallington lid Kyngeston on Tamyse 1356 AD I. In the E. of thc county, S. of Brixton hd, containing Croydon, Walling­ 'The king's manor', 'royal demesne' (OE eyning and tun). ton, Carshalton, Sutton, Cheam, Morden and Mitcham, and extending south­ Kingston Wile a demesne manor of the \Vest Saxon kings, and wards as far as Addington, Sanderstead, Coulsdoll, Chaldon and Wood­ eeveral of them were crowned here. mansterne. It is bounded on the S. by the North Downs. Waleton(e) !lvnd' 1086 DB, lull" de Waletona 1168, Waleton'­ Rrixton 1111 hdr' 1170, 1180, 1183, 1188, 1203 P, Hllndredum de lValetlln' 1212 Originally l'ontained the western portion of what is now London S. of Fees, Hundredum de Waleton' 1225 Ass 863 ill 4,1235, 1241 Fees, the Th'1me~ \now mostly in co. London1, extending westwards as far as 1277 Mise, 1394 Ipm, Hundredum de Waltone 1316 FA, hd of Mortlakc and \Vimblcdon, and including Merton, Tooting and Streatham 011 lValyngton 1450 Pat. the south, and Rotherhithe. Hatcham and Camberwell on the east. Called after WALLlNGTON: Waletona 1076-84 Davis, Waletone 1086 DB, Brixistane hundredwn 1067 (1335) Ch, Bri:ti(e)stan, Briesistan Waletun' 1156 P. 1212 Fees. Waletona 1168 P, Waleton' 1173 P, 1215 Pat. hd' 1086 DB, Brixiestanhdr' 1161, 1185, 1193, 1196, Briesistonhdr' 1219 Fces, 1222 ]<~ine, 1225 Ass 863 ID 4d, 1242 P, 1249 Cl, Waleton 1175-88 BM, 1227 Ch, 1270 Pat, 1339 Cl, Waletun a 1222 BM, Waletone 1237 Yees, 1170. Briesiestonhundredum 1176, Bri:riestonhundredum 1179, -r' 1191, Briestanhur/(lredwn 1188, Brixistanhundredum 1196 P, Wallyngton 1377 FF. Brixistane 1195 P, 1225, 1263 Ass 863 m 3u, 874 m 19, Brixistan 'Roinestead of the Britons or serfs' (OE *Weala tfin); eL PNSr 1205 Cur, 1235 Ass 865 m 6, Briesistan' 1212 Fees, 1255 Ass 55. The -ington form is late. 872 m IOu, Brixieston' 1214 Cur, Bricsiston' 1219 Fees, Brixiston' 1225 Ass 8G3 m 4, 1277 Mise, Brissistan 1230 P, Brixinston 1241 Copthornc hd Ass 869 m 4d, Brixstan 1255 Ass 872 m 31, Brigsistan 1255 ib m 9, Round Epsom and , N. of the North Downs and W. of Wallington hd, containing the pars of Banstead, Ewell, Cuddington, Che~sing­ 1268 Ass 874 m 27, Brixtan 1263 ib m 19d, Hryxestone 1279 Ass ton, Epsom, Ashtead, Leatherhead, Fetcham, Mickleham, Heaillcy and Walton 876 m 42d, Bryxiston 1293 Ipm, Brixton 1316 FA, Brixstone, on the Hill; also, detached, Newdigate. Bryxton, Bristone 1450 Pat. - The hundred is named from the Cope(de)dorne hd' 1086 DB, Coppedetornhdr' 1160, Coppede­ stone which gives its name to BRIXTON. This is (33t) Brixges stane, thornhdr' 1161 P, Coppedethorn 1199, 1203 P, 1290, 1298 Ipm, (to) Brixes stan 1062 (12) KCD 813 (Brixiges stan 1062 (13) 1326 Cl, 1335 Fine, Coppedethorn' 1212, 1235 Fees, 1225, 1255, I Waltham Cart.'), in the boundaries of Lambeth. The meaning is 1263 Ass 863 m 5, 872 m 33, 874 m 27, 11undr' de la Coppedethorn 'Beorhtsige's stone', from OE Beorhtsige (Berht-, Byrht-, Birht-, 1241 Ass 869 m 2d, Koppedethorn' 121)5 Ass 872 m 27, Coppede­ Bryhsige") and stan 'stone'. The pn appears as Briesi, Brixi etc. thome 1279 Ass 876 m 46d, 1332 SR, 1334 Pat, 1357 Ipm, in Domesday (v. Feilitzen 198, 121 f.); hs became x after the loss Copdethorn' 1279 Ass 876 m 41, Coppedthorn 1326 Inq aqd. 1'150 of -to. Onc Bricsi owned land at Rateham (m Brixton) in 1066 Pat, Coppidthorn' 1436 SR, Coppythorn 1450 Pat, Copt~orn' 1545 (PNSr 11), but the hundred can hardly be called after him; SR, Copthorne 1610 Speed: - 'Pollarded thorn tree' (OE eoppede Beorhtsige was a very common name. The site of the stone was 'peaked' or 'pollardeu'; cf. KED, EPN); cf. (to pan) Coppedan on Brixton Rill on' the road from Streatham to London, and Brixton pome BCS 740 (Ha), (to l,em) Coppedan /Jome BCS 909 (Ru), was not the name of an inhabited district till about a century (to barn) Coppede oorne BCS 994 (Sr); (on pa) Coppeddn de BCS ago (cL VRSr IV. 54). The hundred site is in the eaRt of the 594 (Ha.). ThiH was the hundred meeting-place, but the site is not hundred. known; there are fields called Copthorn in Ashtead and Banstead (PNSr 68), but this is a common name, and it is uncertain whether 1 PNWa xlvi. either of them marks the site. e Thorpe 626: cf. v. Feilitzcll 95. 1 l''l.I 60 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names 61

R1fingham hIl at the mouth of the river. The bridge from which the hundred. ;1'111) I A very small hundred W. of Leatherhead, containing the pars of Effing­ derives its name was where the roan. from London to Chertsey " ham and Gt. and Lt. Bookham. It was a 'half-hundred', and is frequently crosses the Mole, but the name does not remain (VHSr Ill. 441, coupled with Copthorne, which it adjoins on the east. 475 Ili PNSr 87). Fingeham hvnd' (sic) 1086 DB, Eftingehamhundredum 1180 P, llundr' de Effingham 123;) Ass 865 m 4, Hundr'm de Eftingeharn Godley IHl 1255 Ass 872 m 25d, Dimid' llundr' de Effingham 1279 Ass 876 m The NW. portion of Surrey, W. of Chertsey, bounded N. by the Thames, 41, Dimidium Hundredum de Effyngham 1332 SR, hds of Coppede­ W. by Berkshire and and E. in part by the \Vey, separating it I:,,· thorn and Effyngham 1335 Fine, Hundredum de qopp[thorne] et from Elmbridge hd, containing the pars of Frimley, Bisley, Horsell, Pyrford, , :~! Byfleet, Chobham, Egham, Thorpe and Chertsey. Windlcsham is a detached dimidium hundredum de Effyngham 1428 FA. part of Woking hd, The hundred and all its vills except Pyrford and Byfleet Called after EFFlNGHAM: Effingeham 675 (13), [133 (13) BCS 39, 697, 1067 were held by Chertsey Abbey (FA V. 108, DB f. 32 a, b), having been granted (13) KCD 812, Epingeham (sic) 1086 DB, Effingharn 1203 FF, 1284 Ipm, to the Abbey by (KCD' 849, R50). 1299 Pat, Otfingham (sic) 1204 Cur, Effingham 1225 Ass 863 m 5, Ettinge­ (oet) hundred of Gorldelie 1042--66 (13) KCD 849, 850, ham 1229 Pat, 1241 Ass 869 m 7d, 1242 Fees, 1248 I<'F, 1285 Ch, 1314 Ipm. Goddelea h"!ndredum 1067 (1335) Ch, Godelei hvnd' 1086 DB, 'Homestead of Effa's people' (OE *Effinga ham), from *Effa Godeleahdr' 1175, Godeleia 1195 P, Goddeleye 1198 (1285) Ch, (/Effa) pn and ham 'homestead' (PNSr 102, PNing 130, ODP s. v. Godele 1212 Fees, 1255, 1263, 1279 Ass 872 m 33, 874 m 27, and Redin 59); cf. (to) Effanhamme KCD 622 (Long Sutton Ha). 876 m 48d, 1281 Mise, 1284 Ipm, 1316 FA, 1332 SR, 1341 Ch, The sheriff's tourn in the hundred was held temp. Edward I at 1428 FA, Godeleg' 1225 Ass 863 m 5el, God(d)elee 1241 Ass a place called 'Lethe Croyce' (i. e. 'leet cross'), and in 1651 the 869 m 2(d), Godely 1279 Ass R76 m 41, Godelee 1283, Gorlelye court leet for the two hds of Effingham and Copthorne was held 1320 Ipm, Godlee 1344 SR: - 'GMa's clearing' or 'good (fertile) at 'Leithepitt' (VHSr Ill. 320), but the site of this place is unknown. clearing'; the first el. being OE GMa pn or gjd 'good' (Zachrisson, ZONF 10. 247), the second OE leah 'clearing', 'wood'. The double Elmbridge hIl -d- of the earliest spellings is probably of no account, these being On the Thames and the Mole E. of Weybridge, containing the pars of all from late copies, and does not prove that the first el. is a pn Weybridge, Waiton-on-Thames, E. and W. Molesey, Thames Ditton, Esher, Cobham and Stoke D'Abernon. The hundred was appurtenant to Ember *Godda as alternatively assumed in PNSr (103): cf. also Redin 14. Court in Thames Ditton (1223 Fine). The view of frankpledge in the hundred of Godley was held at Amelebrige hvnd' 1086 DB, Hamelesbrigehundredum 1176, Godley Hill in 1252 (VHSr Ill. 424). This seems to have been in Emelebrigehundredum 1191 P, Hamelbris (sic, for brig) 1200 Cur, the N. part of Chobham par, where there was a Godley Hall (Hill?) Emelebrigg' 1212 Fees, 1230 P, 1255 Ass 872 m 33, Emlebrug' field in 1842 (PNSr 103). 1223 Fine, Amenebrig' 1225 Ass 863 m 3d, Emelebrig' 1225 ib m 6, 1235 Fees, Emelesbrug' 1230 Cl, Emelebrugg' 1241 Fees, 1263 Ass Woking hd 874 m 22d, Hulmebreg', Emelbrig 1242 P, Emelebruge 1265 Mise .. N. of Guildford, S. of Godley hd, bounded on the S. by the Hog's Back and the North Downs, containing the pars of Woking, Senll, Ripley, Emelesbrige 1279 Ass 876 m 52, Emelebrugge 1279 ib m 41, 1332 Wisley, Oekham, E. and W. Horsley, E. and W. Clandon, Merrow, Stoke SR, 1343 Ipm, Elmelebrigge 1316 FA, Emelbrigg 1319 Ipm, next Guildford, Worplesdon, Pirbright, Ash, Wanborough, and, detached, Emulbrigg 1428 FA, Emelbregge 1441, Emelbrigge 1481 Ch, Windlesham. Guildford Borough is not included in the hundred. Emblebrige 1545, Elmelebridge 1570 SR, Emleybridge 1569 Musters Wochinges hvnd' 1086 DB, Wockingehwulredum 1179, Wokinge­ (SAC), 1610 Speed: - 'Bridge (OE brycg) over the Mole', which hundredum 1180, 1190, Wokinghundredum 1188 P, llundredum de in OE times was known as the Emetle; for early forms of the latter Wocking 1212 Fees, 1265 Mise, Hundr' de lVocking' 1225 Ass name v. PNSr 4, ER.N 146. Mole is a back-formation from Molesey 863 m 6, Hundredum de Wockyngge 1241 Fees, Hundredum de

,I "I I I

62 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names 63 Wockinge 1255 Ass 872 m 23, llundredum de Wokkinge 1316 FA, of is grant.ed seisin 'de manerio de Godalminges et hundrcdo'; hundredum Regis de Hameshacch vocatum Wokkyngge hundred cf. also VHSr In. 1). - 1375 Orig. Godelminge hOT/d' 1086 DB, hdr' de Godeleming' 1171, de Called aLter- WOKIKG in the N. of the hundred, a royal manor in 1086, Godhelming' 1173, de Godelmingis 1179, de Godelminges 1185 P, and probably the caput of the hundrel1: Wocchingas, Uuocchingas 708--15 HUT/dredum de Godelming' 1212 Fees, Hundr' de Godelminge, (c 1200), Woccingas 777 (c 1200) BCS 133, 275, Wocingas 1121 (s. a. 777) God(h)alminges 1225 Ass 8ti3 m 3d, 5, 9, hundredum de God­ ASC(E), Wochinges 1086 DB, 1130 (p), 1156 P, Wokkinges 1166 RUE, helminges 1227 Bracton, de Godalming' 1235, de Goddalmingg' Wokinges 1166 RUE, 1187, 1193, 1197 P, 1200 Ch, 1203 P, 1225 Ass 863 m 3d, 1233 Bracton, 1235 Fees, Wockinges 1198 P, 1225 Ass 863 m 8, 1233 1241 Fees, Hundredum de Goddelming 1242 P, llundredum de Bracton; Woching' 1168, Wockinga 1173, Wokinga 1182 P, Wocking' 1233 Cl. Godhalming' 1255 Ass 872 m 23d, Hundredum de Godalminge OE Tfloccingas is apparently derived from a pn *JVocc(a), not 1316 FA. on independent record, but occurring in (to) Wocces geate BCS Called after the royal manor of Gl'DAi.~IING, the cap/It of the hundred 594 (Ha), and correspond,ng to OHG Woco, Wocco; hence 'TVocc's (cf. aboye): (:et) Godelmingum SRO-5 (c 1030) BCS 553, Codelmingr 1086 DB, Gode/minges 1155 RB£, 1162, 1184, 1190, 1195, 1198 P, Godelming' sons or dependants'. Wokingham Brk, about 15 m. distant, was 1156 P, 1212 Fees, Godelmingis 1167 P, Goldhalminges 1196 CurP, Godeling' probably named from the same Woccingas; v. PNing 54, 132, 1199 Cur, Godelmingges 1230 P, Godalminges 1231 Cl. 1263 Ass 874 m 26. PNSr 156, ODP s. v. The hundred Court was held at Harmes Hatch, Godhalminges 1233 Bracton, Godhalminge 1255 Ass 872 m 23d, Godalmynge; near the boundary of Ockham and Cobham' parishes, on the NE. 1294 Ch. . edge of the hundred (VHSr Ill. 339, PNSr 148; cf. the quotation ,'The sons or dependants of Godhelm' (0£ *Godhelmingas), from Orig above). denved with the suffix -ingas from an unrecorded OE pn *Godhelm corresponding to 08 Godohelm: cL PNing 53, PNSr 195. The alm­ Farnham hd contains the district SE. of Farnham in the SW. of the forms must represent an irregular development.' county, including the pars of Scale, Elstead and ShottermiII on the east. It is identical with the 60 cassaii at Farnham granted to the sec of Win­ Blackheath !Ill by Cedwalla in 688 (BCS 72), the hundred and manor of Farnham SE. of Guildford, S. of the North Downs, and E. of Godalming hd. being coextensive; v. DB f. 31 a, VHSr n. 579. It is FerhamMr' 1157, containing Shalford. Albary, Shere and Gomshall on the north, Hramley, Ferham hdr' 1162, Farnhamhundredum 1188, Hundredum de Farellharn Hascombe and Duusfold on the west, and Holrnbury St. Mary and Ewhurst 1195 P, Hundredum de Fernham 1212 Fees, 1225 Ass 863 m 3, Hundredum on the cast bordering on ''.'olton hd. de Farnham 1255 Ass 872 m 23, de Farneham 1316 FA, and takes its name Blaclledfeld, Blachetfelle, Blachefelde, Blacheatfeld hd' 1086 from the manor of FARNHAM (Fernham 688 (12), c 804 (12) BCS 72, 324, (:et) Fearnhamme 894 ASC(A), etc.). The hundred court, which was termed DB, Blachehadfeld 1166, Blachehadfeld'hundredwn 1183 P, Blake­ the court of 'Farnham Blackheath', was held at Lawday House in Farnham. hetfeld' 1212 Fees, Blakehet-, Blakehedfeld 1225 Ass 863 m 4d nr Aldershot. In a document of 1398 the bishop's court at Blakhethefelrl 5d, Blachathfeld' 1235, Blakesfeud' 1241 Fees, Blachezfeud, -feld< is mentioned (VHSr 580 n. 11), and in 1283 (Abbr) there is reference n. Blakehatfeud', Blachedfeld' 1255 As,~ R72 ID 25(d), 33, Blakehetfeud, to Farneham Blakehethfeld in 1Ilunl'rio de Fernham. The 'black heath' is the h(Eofelo of BCS 627, mentioned in the boundaries of Farnham. and the Blecheuefeld' 1263 Ass 874 ID 24d. 27, Blakefeude, Blakethefeld' name still remains in Heath End close to Lawday House; cl. VHSr I. c. and ! 1279 Ass 876 m 41, 50, Blakehetf' 1292 Ipm, Blaketfelde 1316, PNSr 165. Blakehethfeld 1428 FA; Blakehetfw 1332, Blakehethes (for -f'?)

Godahning hd , Professor Zachrisson interprets 'the settlers near the pure running SW. of Guildford, between the Hog's Hack and the Sussex border E. of waters' (OE *Godu'elm 'good spring') or 'the settlers among the elm trees Farnham hd, containing the pars of Godalming, Hambledon, Chiddingfold, near the pool or swamp' (OE *god 'wet place', 'swamp' + elm: StNPh 5.23, Witler, Thursley, Haslemere, Peper Harrow, Pultenham, Compton and 6.31, 7.32), but these interpretations han been senrely criticized (PNSr Artington. The hundred was appurtenant to the manor of Godalming, and I. c.), and seem to haye been abandoned by Profe,.sor Z:lchrisson himself like the manor belonged to the bishops of SaTUrn (in 1221 Cl. the bishop (StNPh 9. 76). illi; , ~ 64 O. S. Anderson .' The English Hundred-Names G5 1344, Blakhethe 1436, Blackheathe 1570 SI{. - The name remains Cherc(h)efelle, Cercefelle, Chirchefeld hd' 1086 DB. hundredum in BLACK HEATH (le Blakheth 1500 PNSr, Blackheath 1610 Speed) de Crichefeld 1155 RBE, Crichesfeld hdr' 1160, Crichef~ldhdr' 1161, in Wonersh, 3 m. SE. of Guildford. It is a compound of OE blcec Crecherfeldhwidredum 1176, CrechefeldhundreduJn 1183, 1185, 'hlack' amI Mf!jJfeld 'heath', the source of the modern PN HatfieId, Crechefeld'hundredum 1188, hundredum de Crechesfeld' 1195, de ,,,hich shows the same change of -pt- > -tf-; black probahly because Crechesfeld 1203 P. covered with furze and heather. In 1317 (lpm) the sheriff's tourn Regatehundredum 1193 P, Hundredum de Reigate 1199 P, 1225, in the hundred of Blak' was held at la Purye, i. e. Perry Bridge in 1263 Ass 863 m 6, 874 m 27, Ilundredum de Reigat' 1212 Fees, Shalford, on the extreme verge of the hundred (VHSr 111. 70, Hundredum de Reygate 1225 Ass 863 m 4, 1241 Fees, 1316 FA, PNSr 219), but originally the hundred must have met on Blackheath 1332 SR, hundredum de Raygaf 1230 P. Common (from which it derives its name), 'a high, heathy common' Called after REIGATE (a royal manor in 1086): Cherchefelle 1086 DB, on the bOllndary between Wonersh and Albury pars, which is more Crechesfeld' 1178, Crechesfeld 1180, Crechefeld' (p) 1184 P; Regata 1185, centrally situated. CL Farnham, above, and Blackheath hd K, 1188 P, Regate 1195 P, 1203 Cur, 1255 Ass 872 ill 12, Reigate 1196 P, 1204 below. FF, 1215 Cur, 1264 Pat, Reigat' 1199 FFP, 1212 Fees, 1233, 1240 Cl, Reygate 1225 Ass 863 ill 3d, 1242 Fees, 1252 Cl, Raygate 1235 Ass 865 ID 3d. For the change of na.me v. VHSr Ill. 229, 234. The earlier name Wjltton hI} crfic crug) feld Between the North Downs amI the Sussex border, S. of and is a eompound of Brit (W 'hill', 'barrow' and OE E. of B1aekheath hd, including Dorking on the north, Wotton, Abinger and 'open land' etc.; v. PPN 45, 48 L, PNSr 282. Reigate (OE *riEggeat) Ockley on the west, and Capel on the east, In Domesday BetchwDTfh is is 'roe gate', the first el. being OE riEge 'the 'female of the roe', also referred to this hundred. the second OE geat 'gate'. It is identical in meaning with Wodetan(e) hd' 1086 DB, Mr' (de Tenbrigga et) de Wudetun' Sx, whose first el. is OE rii 'roe', and probably with names like 1157, Wdetanehdr' 1175, Wudetan'hundredum 1176 P, Hundredum Hindlip Wo, lit. 'the hind-lea.p', and Lypiatt Gl etc. from OE de lVudetul1 1212 Fees, Hundr' de Wudetan' 1225 Ass 863 m 5d, hlfjpgeat, Mod. leapgate, 'a low gate in a fence that can be leaped 1241 Fees, Hundr'm de Wadintan" 1263, de Wadentan',Waditan' by deer'; cL PNWo 139, 243, PNSx 38, PNSr 304, ODP s. v. 1279 Ass 874 m 24, 876 m 41, 48, Hundredum de Wadeton Reigate, Hindlip, Lypiatt, NED s. v. leapgate. 1316 FA. Tandridge hd Called after the viI. of WOTTON, in the NW. of the hundred nr Dorking: Odetone 1086 DB, Wodeton' 1199 P (p), 1255 Ass 872 m 25d, Wodeton 1235 The SE. COrner of Surrey, E. of Redhill and Reygate hd, mostly S. of FF, 1259 Ipm, Wudeton' 1242 Fees, Wodinton 1277 IpID. 1302 Ch, Woayn(g)­ the North Downs, containing the pars of Farley, Warlingham, Caterham, ton 1306 Pat, Wodyngton alias Wotton 1494 AD V. Bletchingley and Home on the north and west. 'Forest homestead' (OE U'udu 'wood', 'forest' and tun 'home­ Tenrige hd' 1086 DB, hdr' de Tenbrigga (sic) 1157, Tenriggehdr' stead'). The -ing forms represent a secondary development, similar 1170, Tendringehdr' (sic) 1174, Tenrigehundredum 1176, 1180, to that in Wallington above, though here it did not become per­ 1185, 1191, Tendrig,qehundredum 1183, 1188, Tendreggehundredum manent. 1195 P, Hundreduln de Tenhl'igg' 1212 Fees, Hundr' de Tenrige, Tenrenge 1225 Ass 863 m 3d, 5, Hundredum de Tenrigg' 1235 Reigate hd }'ees, de Tenrugg' 1241 Fees, 1263 Ass 874 m 27, Hundr' de Rounu Redhill and Reigate, in SE. Surrey, S. of the North Downs, Tanrugg' 1241, de Tendrigg' 1255, de Tanrugge 1263, de Tanregg' containing Buekland, Kingswood, Chipstead and Merstham on the north, 1279 Ass 869 m 8,872 ID 29,874 m 21d, 876 m 41, hds of Tanruyge Betchworth, Leigh and Charlwood on the west and Nutfield, Horley anu (sic; for -rugge) and Reygate 1265 ~Iisc, hd of Tanregg' 1309 Ipm, Burstow on the east, bordering on Tandridge hd. Hundredum de Tenrugge 1316 FA. Called after TANDRIDGE, in the centre of the hundred, or rather· after 1 Altered to Wodeton'. the ridge which gives its Dame to the Yillage, and which was the hundred [) 66 O. S. Andtlrson The English Hundred.Names 67 meeting-place ': Tenhric c 960 (12) BCS 1155, Tenrige 1086 DB, Tenruge boundaries of the rapes cut off parts of some hundreds from their main 12 AD Ill, Tenrugge 1226, Tenrig 1235 FF, Tanwigge 1233 Cl, Tenrigg' portions, dividing them into two halves (Easwrith, Wyndham and Fishers­ 1235 Ass 865 m 1, Tannerugg', Tanrugg 1241 Ass 869 m 3, 8, Tanerig 1241 gate, v. below). FF, Tenreg' 1242 Fees, Tanrich 1248 FF, Tendrigg' 1255 Ass 872 m 29, Tunrugge 1255 AD Ill, Tenring' 1256 Cl, Tannerigge 1263 FF, Tanrigg 1274 Cl, Tanregge 1285 Pat, Tanruge 1290 AD IV, Tanerigg, -rugge 1300 Rape of Ipm, Tanruges 1353 Ipm. Derived by Professor Ekwall from OE *Dennhrycg 'ridge with The first mention of this rape is Rapp' de Cycestr' 1275 RH, Rapus de denns or swine-pastures' (ODP), and this is undoubtedly correct; Cicestr' 1279 Ass 917 m 2. In 1086 it was included in the 'Rape of Roger' (VHSx I. 351, PNSx 10), which also contained" the present Arundel the change ()f initial D- to T- is due to assimilation to a preceding Rape. As late as 1237 (Fees), we hear of the hundred of Boxe in rapo de wt, as in Tidenham GI (OE wt Dyddanhamme), and in Trimworth Arundel, which thlls included Chichester "Rape as well (this is queried in K (OE Dreaman uuyro, KPN 14~, PNK 383). For the a-forms cL PNSx p. 9). The present rape consists of the hds of DumpforLl, , PNSr XXIII, Jordan § 33 a 1, and for the -d- ib. § 202. Westbollrne and Singleton, Rosham, Box and Stockbridge, Manhood and JI Aldwick.

Dumpford hd Sussex In NW. Sussex, W. of , N. of the , on either side II of the upper Rother, containing the pars of Harting, , , Sussex contains a larger number of hundreds than any other county, , Trotton, Chithurst, Terwick and Rogate, bordering on Easebournt> no less than 67 all toid. Most of them are small, many only containing two hd on" the east. ur three parishes. This is especially true of the hundreds on the coast III S. of the South Downs, or of those in the east of the county, whereas many Hamesford (sic) hd' 1086 DB, (de) Emmedeford'hdr' (var. of the north Sussex hundreds, such for instance as Dumpford, Easebourne, Emedford) 1175 P, Deneford', Dyneford' 1248 Ass 909A m 21, 33, , W. Easwrith and Buttinghill, extend from the Downs all the Dymeford', Demmesford 1262 Ass 912 m 47, 49, Dumesford' 1275 distance to the Surrey border. Rut most of the of these large RH, Demesford 1279, 1288 Ass 915 ill 2, 926 m 38d, Denford, hundreds too are in their southern portions, in the valleys of the Rother Denesford, Deneforde 1279 Ass 917 m 2, 22, 32d, Deneford, II and other streams, the whole of their northern portions being originally forest. Some of the hundreds near the coast also have detached portions, Dennesford' 1279 QW, Denesfeud (sic), Demesford 1288 Ass 926 probably old swine-pastures, in the Wealden area; this is the Case as regards m 31d, 38d, Demesforde 1296 SR, Dunesford 1310, Dunnesford Burbeach and, formerly, Steyning, :mLl it would seem that Poling hLl also 1311 Pat, f)emford 1316, 1428 FA, Demforde 1327 SR, Dempford formerly had an outlying pa~ture in the Weald nr . In w.est Sussex 1332 SR, 1349 Cl, 1361 Ipm, 1427, 1452 AD V, Ill, 1477 BM, the hundredal boundaries more or less follow the crest of the Downs, which Dempsford 1332 Ipm, Dumpford 1539 LP, Dumford c 1725 BM. L1ivide the hundreds on the coast from those in the valleys of the Rother DU~IPFOfm and the Adur. Farther east, the Ouse forms the boundary between Lewes - The name survives in that of House S. of the Rother, and Pevcll8ey Rapes, and between the hundreds that adjoin each other 1 m. SW. of Trotton viI. near the eastern boulldaryof the hundred. here and the Arun separates Poling and W. Easwrith from AvisfoFll and This is Demetford 1154-62 (1361) Pat, Demesford Hy2 PNSx, Bur;' hds. In the easternmost portion of the county the arrangement of 1232, 1237 Ft', 1290 Tpm, 1289 Abbr, Denford' 1194 P, Demeford the'hundreds is less distinctive, though here too they are occasionally separated by rivers. - Sussex is divided into six Rapes, each of which is 1244 Cl, 1254 FF, 1259 Ipm, Denford 1249 FF, ?Dammesford composed of a varying number of hundreds. The origin of this division is 1258 Cl,' Demeforde, ?Dunyforde (p) 1296 SR, Deniford (sic; obscure (v. PNSx 8 f.), but it must be younger than the hundreds, as the for Dem-) 1335 Pat, Dynford 1372 Cl, Orig, DUl1ford 1372 Ipm, Demford 1386 Cl, 1422 Ipm, Demlorde 1421 Cl. Tn PNSx (44), , The meeting-place is referred to as Undersnow 1651, Hundredsnow the first el. is derived from OE *demmed 'dammed', but the u and 1656, i. e. probably 'Hundred's Knowe (Knoll)'; this was where three ways met at the SE. of Rooksnest Park, '/. m. NW. of Tandridge; VHSr IV. 251 f., , This place is mentioned together with and Todham, and PNSr 308. is perhaps Dunford nr Heyshott. GS O. S. Anderson The Eng-lish Hundred-Names 69

i (y)-forms and the mouern form point to an OE base in y, which Called after EASEllOGRNE nr i\fidhurst: Isemburna c 1105 France, Esem­ frequently becomes e in Sx PNs (PNSx XXVIII), and cannot come burna 1154-62 (1361) Pat, Isenburna 1166, Eseburna 1166 (p), 1188, from £lemmed. The Domesday form has a for e (IPN 112). We Heseburna 1168, Hesseburn' 1186, Eselburna 1187 P, Esseburn' 1191 P (p), 1275 RH, Esebu1'1I RI (1361) Pat, Heseburn' 1248 Ass 909A m 20d. Eseburn' may compare Diimmer (IJillmmeri U65, Dumeri 1002), Diimpten 1248 ib m 33, 1262 Ass 912 m 46d, Esburne 1317 Pat, Esebourne '132.3 Ipm, (Dumiti 890, Dt~mite c 1150) and Dumpte (J)umete 1092) in Essebourn 1337 Pat. (Fa 1. 715, 762), the first el5 of which are connected by Easebourne seems to be (at least in part) identical with Jellinghaus (57 and Fa 715) with Westph. dummerig 'moist', ",vet' Isbo~rne, the name of a river in Gl. Both have been derived from (of ground), G dUlnm 'moist' (of salt), etc.; there also existed a OE Esa pn and burna 'stream' (ERN 214, PNSx 17, ODP s. v.). noun *Dumme, which occurs in field-names in Westphalia. The The repetition of the name throws some doubt on this, but it is first el. of Dumpford may well be cognate with these eIs, tbe ede difficult to find a better explanation. The i-forms of Easebourne (et) of the Sussex name being the adj. suffix ede; the n-forms might point to an OE form in y, in which case the first el. might would be due to assimilation. Professor Ekwall alternatively be compared with the river-name Ise Np (probably from *UsiOrt, suggests that the first el. is a river-name derived from Celt. dubno­ ERN 214), but this does not suit Isbourne, which is OE Esing-, £lumno-, W £lwln 'deep' (cf. Dunwich Sf, OE Dornnoc (ODP), and Esenburna.' III PNSx the i-form is looked upon as an AN spelling ERN 125) with the same suffix as in Semnit W (ERN 356, now and this is very likely correct. The Esel·forms are AN spellings Semington Brook), or possibly having as second component Celt. for Esen- (> Esem- before b). The llame is now pronounced with nant 'valley' (d ERN 355, ODP s. v. Hodnet, and Dyfnant in a short [e] (PNSx), the modern spelling being probably due to Brecon). This would give a good explanation of the vacillation be­ popular etymology. According to PNSx (p. 15), the hundred-court tween m and n. Celtic u might give OE u, e and i (ERN LXV). The of Easebourne 'was held under an ash-tree in Midhurst in 1279. ford from which the hunured was named is taken in PNSx to have Hence Easebourne was perhaps the caput of the hundred. In been at the mill on the Rather a third of a mile NE. of Dumpford 1316 (FA) the hundred and the manor of Easebourne were held , where there is a great mill dam, but it is more together by the earl of Arundel. likely to have been on the road crossing the small stream just to the west of the house, on the other side of which is Dumpford 1Vestbollrne and Singleton hd hamlet. This is a rather wet spot in a hollow. A narrow hd extending along the south side of the Downs from the Hants border to E. Dean. It corresponds to the two ancient hds 01' Ghidene­ troi and Sillentone. The former consisted of its western portion, containing Easebourne hd Westbourne, , Stoughton, Up, E. and N. Marden and Compton, In NW. Sussex E. of Dumpford hd, surrounding Midhurst, mostly in bounded on tbe east by the spur of the Downs ending in Bow Hill. It was the valley of the Rother N. of the South Downs, containing the par of later called after 1Vestbourne, which was its caput (the vill and hundred on the west, the pars of Hepton, Coeking, Heyshott and were held together in 1316 FA, and in 1243 (Cl) the manor of Burne and on the south and . and . on the east. W. La'dng­ the hundred were granted together; in 13.31 (Ipm VII. 226) there is mention ton is a det~ehed part of Rotherbridge hd (Arundel Rape), and N. and S. of 'a hundred pertaining to the manor of Bourne' [WestbouroeJ). Silletone Ambersham were formerly in Hants. or Singleton hd included the eastern portion of the present hundred, the Esebvrne, Esborne hvnd' 1086 DB, Eseburnehundredum 1188, pars of Singleton. Binderton, and E. and W. Dean, also Lavant, now in Esseburn'hundredum 1193, 1195 P, hundredum de Estburn' (sic) Pagham hd. It was a 'half-hundred', and seems to have been appurtenant to Singleton manor (cf. Ipm IV. 51). Both hundreds belonged to the Honour 1219, de Heseburne 1248 Fees, Hundr' de Eseburn' 1248, 1262, of ArundeL which may account for the merger. 1279 Ass 909A m 33, 912 m 46d, 915 m 25d, Hllndr' de Esshebum' 1275 RH, Hundr'm de Eselburne 1279, de Esseburne 1288 Ass 915 1 Searle gives a pn *Ysa derived from ysan pyttan BCS 473, but here m 2, 926 m 31, Hundr' de Eseburn 1296, de Esebourne 1327 SR. ysan is a variant of isan (for isen) in the same text. 70 O. S. Anuerson The English Hundred,Names .1

Ghidenetroi hund' 1086 DB. 1273 Ipm, La Sengle 1284 Ipm (PNSx), 1296 SR, the early name Second el. OE treow 'tree'. The form -troi is for -trou « treow); of Cowdray Park nr Midhurst (PNSx 17). In PNSx (p. 53) it is cf. Witentrei, Elnoelstrui, Wimundestrui(l) hd DB, interchanging suggested that this is identical with W. dial. songle, sangle 'a with -treu; also Wandelmestrei, below. Oh in Domesday represents handful of gleaned corn', the same as LG sangele 'tuft', 'bundle' hard [g] in front of palatal vowels (cf. v. Feilitzen 112); hence the (cf. Torp 429). It is taken to have been used of 'a thicket of first el. may quite well be OE gyden 'goddess' (gen. gydenne), brushwood'; but it should be noted that there is no evidence for referring to some ancient place of worship. If so, the name is of such a sense (cf. ODP). The cl. Senge(l) is also found in PNs in particular interest, as representing a heathen survival. Westphalia. Jellinghaus (s. v.) considers the possibility of occasionally deriving this from sangele 'tuft', but actually connects Hundredum de Burne 1243 Cl, Hundr' de Burn' 1248, 1262 Ass it with sengen (OE sengan) 'to burn', giving the meaning as 909A m 22, 912 m 46d, HUl1dr' de Westburn' 1275 RH, Hundr'm 'abgesengte Waldflache'. This is probably correct, and this ~li de Westeburne 1279 Ass 915 m 2, Hundr' de Westbllrne 1288 Ass ~II meaning ('burnt clearing') may also be assumed for the instances 926 m 31, 1296 SR, 1316 FA, Hundr' de lVestbourne 1327 SR, 1: from Sussex. The i-forms of Singleton are then analogous to mod. hd of Westeburn 1397 Pat. Called after the manor of WESTBOURNE, the eaput of the hundred: Borne, singe, from OE sengan 'to burn'; on the forms in -a-, cf. PNSx ~l1[ Bvrne 1086 DB, (apud) Burnam 1114 (1317) Ch, Burne 1187 P, 1221, 1243 Cl, XXVII. Singleton is in an old woodland area (PNSx). We may [t 1251, 1270 Pat, Westbourne 1305 Ipm, Westburne 1316 FA, Westborne have an allied el. in Songhurst PNSx 135, Song Hurst PNSr 241, ;, 1306 Ipm. derived by the editors from the word song, admittedly a not very Originally simply OE burna, 'the brook'; later West was added probable solutioll; cL also Songrede 1472 ib., whose second el. is 1I·1' to distinguish it from Eastbourne. The reference is to the Ems, also a word for 'clearing'. on which the village stands. hd on the coast W. of Chichester contains the pars of Bosham, Sille(n)tone hd' 1086 DB, hundredum de Sengelton' 1195 P, W. Stoke, , Chidham and W. Thomey. The modern hundred ~I 1248 Fees, Di(midium) Hundr'm de Sengelton' 1262, 1279 Ass corresponds to the royal manor of Bosham (56'/. hides) of Domesday, which included the other pars now in the hundred. The hundred, which 912 m 47, 915 m 2, hd of Shengelton 1276 Fine (Shengleton Pat), was formed from the manor, is Hwulr' de Boseham 1248, 1262, 1279 Ass Dimid' hundr' de Sengelton 1296 SR, half hd of Sengeltone 1302 909A m 21, 912 m 46, 915 m 2, 1296, 1327 SR, 1316 FA. It was appurtenant I~I Ipm, Hundredum de Sengleton 1316 FA, Hundr' de Sangelton 1327 to the manor of Bosham, from which it takes its name (in 1200 (Ch) the SR, hd of Syngelton 1340, 1347, 1353, of Singelton 1397 Pat, king granted to Will. Marshal 'Boseham cum lestagio et cum hundredo et [ cum aliis pertinenciis suis', and in 1306 (Ipm IV. 292) there is mention of Westborn and Syngleton hd 1539 LP. 'Boseham; the manor ... with ... the hundred of Bosebam'). ~lli Called after the viI. of SINGLETON on the S. side of the Downs, 5 m. N. of Chichester: Silletone 1086 DB, Schingelton 1181, Sehengelton' 1194 P; I Sengelton' 1185, 1187, 1189, 1194 P, 1262, 1279 Ass 912 m 47, 915 m 28, Box and Stockbridge bd Singelton' 1189 P, Sengelt' 1244 Cl, Sengleton' (p) 1279 Ass 915 m 2, Mostly E. of Chichester, consisting of the two ancient hds of Boese or ~llf Sengelton 1272 Mise, 1272, 1274 Ipm, 1296 SR, 1331 Ipm, 1343 Cl, 1368 Pat, Bosgrave and Estoebrige. The latter surrounded Chichester, including in Singelton 1294 Pat, Sangelton 1327 Ipm, 1345, 1353 Pat, Sengleton 1331 Cl, 1086 Donnington, Fishbourne, N. Mundham, Hunston and Rumboldswyke 1385 Pat, Sangelton or Sengelton. 1331 Ipm. (in Chichester). The eastern port.ion of the present hd, including tbe pars l The name should doubtless be associated with that of Swngelpicos of , Oving, , , Aldingbourne, and 1~1[ (for -1.1Jic-?) c 725 BCS 144 (orig.), a locality in the vicinity of Up Waltham, seems to be divided into two hundreds in Domesday, Bosgrave (Boxgrove), including the holdings of Earl Roger, and Boese, which only Singleton (PNSx 53). If so, the first el. of the latter can hardly I included the vill of Aldingbourne, i. e. the bishop of Chichester's part of the I be the word 'shingle', even though oecasional forms point to hd. As the whole of this portion of the modem hundred has always after 1~lf assoeiation with that word. 'The same el. occurs in La Cengle been known as Box hd, Bosgrave is probably a temporary name only, or an I I I :1, °ll.'~.'.d· o i I ,

72 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred.Names

error. The hundreds both belonged to the earl of Anmdel, and are regularly , , , E. amI W. Wittering and W. Itchenor. The combined in records from 1262 (Ass) onwards. hundred belonged to the bishops of Chichester (FA V. 140), and Is identical with the grant of 55 hides made by ClBdwalla to bishop Wilfritl for the Bocse hvnd', Bosgrave 111.md' 1086 DB, hundr' de Boxa 1175, foundation of Abbey in 683 (BCS 64). As in the case of Box hd Boxahundredum 1183, Boxehundredum 1188 P, Boxe 1230 P, 1237 above, Domesday enumerates the holdings of the bishop of Chichester and Fees, 1248, 1262 Ass 909A m 20, 912 m 47, 1272 Ipm, 1275 RH, earl Roger in the hundred under different names, the former being returned 1284 Mise, 1302 Tpm, La Boxe c 1265 Bruton, 1279 QW (la), Box under Summerleg [Somerley] hd, the latter under Westringes tWittering] hd. 1265 Mise, 1296, 1327 SR, 1338 Cl, 1353, 1397 Pat, 1428 FA: ­ That these were not separate hundreds, but only different names for the hundred, is probable from the situation and arrangement of the manors of OE box 'boxtree'. This was the hundred meeting-place, and in the two holdings; Somerley for instance, is referred to Wittering, not to 1295 (Tpm) an inquisition concerning Chichester was made at Boxe, Somerley hd. The modern name first occurs in the 12th century. but nothing seems to be known about the site. The alternative Svrnmerleg Jul' 1086 DB. Domesday name of the hundred is identical with that of the viI. Westringes hd' 1086 DB; TVytheringe (Umid' hundred' 1398 Ipm. of Boxgrove (Bosgrave 1086 DB, Boxgrave 1105 France, etc.), The first of the names is derived from the clearing (OE leah) which is 'box grove'. As box-trees were presumably rare (cf. PNSx which gives its name to SOMERLEY in E. Wittering; this is Svmmerlege 66), it may be that the tree from which the hundred derives its 1086 DB, Sornerlech', Somerle 1248 Ass 909A ill 22d, 36, Somerlegh' name was near the village too. This might account for the alternative (p) 1262 Ass 912 m 46, SOlnerles' 1296, Somerlighe 1327 SR (p), name in Domesday. Sumerlighe 1340 NI, Somerleye 1367, Sornerleygh 1386 Pat: ­ 'Clearing used in summer (OE sumor)'. This was doubtless the Estocbrige hd' 1086 DB, Stokbrig', Stokebrigg' 1248 Ass 909A hundred meeting-place, a memory of the meetings of the hundred­ m 22d, 36, Stocbrugge 1276 Fine, Stokbrugg 1276 Ipm, 1280 Pat, court remaining in the name of 'Hundredsteddle Farm' in Somerley Stokbrigg 1292 Fine, Stokebrigge 1337 Ch, 1397 Pat; Hundr' de (PNSx 79); -steddle may have a meaning similar to that noted in Boxe et Stokbrugg' 1262 Ass 912 m 49, Boxe and Stocbrugge hd NED (staddle, sb. 5) from , 'a building of timber standing on 1272 Ipm, Hundr'm de Boxe et Stocckebregg', de Boxebrugg' et Stok' legs or steddles, to raise it out of the mud'; cf. PNSx I. c. and under (sic) 1279 Ass 915 m 2, 921 m 26d, Hundr' de Boxe et Stokebregg' Tipnoak hd, below. 1288 Ass 926 m 31, Hundr' de Box & Stokbrl.lgg' 1296, de Box & The alternative name is taken from VVITTERl:

It ! I 1

1It,i i,·'·.. 1i :~l 74 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred·Names 75

of Westringes hd DB to the half hd of Wytlzering of 1398 is extended for some distanec round Earnley. There was also a place uncertain. called le Manwode Grene c 1380, in Birdham, N. of Earnley (PNSx 81). There was another (la) Manewode in N. Stoke (1284 lpm). Hundr de Man'u'uoa 1170, Mannewude 1230 P, Manewode 1248, 1262, 1279 Ass 909A m 22d, 912 m 47d, 915 m 2, 1316 FA, 1327 Aldwick bd SR, 1361 Ipm, 1382 Cl, 1428 FA, la Maniwode 1248 Ass 909A m 36. On the coast between Bognor Regis and Pag-ham Harbour, containing' la Manewode 1249 FF, 1262 Ass 912 m 46, 1384 Ipm, Manewud~ the pars of Pagham, Bersted and Bognor, but also, detached, Lavant and 1265 Mbe, 1288 Ass 926 m 25d, la Mamvode 1288 ib m 26, Menewode nr ChichestPT and Slindon nr Arundel. The hundred was called 1296, la Manewod 1332 SR, Manwode 1383 Pat, Manwood 1539 LP, aft.er Pagham in 1086, and this name was used till the 15th century, the hundred being originally identical with the large estate at Pagham granted The Manlzode 1610 Speed, now 'the [ma>nud]', PNSx: - 'Common by king Credwalla to bishop Wilfrid in 680 (RCS 50), and presented by him wood' (OE (ge)miEne 'common' and wudu 'wood'); cf. PNSx 79, and in 686 to the see of Canterbnry, to which the hundred afterwards belonged. for the ME development Manshead Bd, above.' The wood seems to In 1086 it also included Tangmere, but Lavant was then in Singleton !Id have been in Earnley par, for in 1335 Var there is reference to la and Slindon in Avisford (Rinsted) hd; being manors of the see of Canter­ Manewode in the parish of Ernelee, and in 1347 Fine there is mention bury, they had been added to Pagham hundred before 1316 (FA). of JOhn de Ernele of La Manewode. Further references to the site Pagelzam 'hvnd' 1086 DB, Pagehamhdr' 1166, Pacheh'hdr' are la Manewode 1258 FF, la Menwode 1279, la Menewode 1288 1167 P, Hundr' de Pakeham 1248 Ass G09A m 20rl, Hundr' de Ass 915 m 36, 925 m 32d (p), la Manewod (p) 1332 SR, the Pageham 1248, 1262, 1279 Ass !J09A m 23, 912 ID "15d, 915 m 2, Manewode 1343, La AJanwwode 1357 Pat, le Manewode 1351 Ipm, 1296 SR, 1316 FA, 1327, 1332 SR., Hundredum de Pagham 1428 le Manwode 1397 Pat. In 1397 Pat mention is made of a place FA. called 'le Comune, Manwode', which is interesting in view of the The name is derh-ed from PAGHAM, apparently t.he caput of the hundred: I meaning of the name. The wood seems to have reached the coast, Pecgan ham 680, Pacgan hamm 10 BCS 50, Pagaham 1086 DM, 1243 Cl (p), Paqeham 1086 DB, 1224 Pat, 1242 Cl (portus), 1248 Ass 909A rn 20d, 1271 for in 1384 (Cl) a ship was cast up at Manwode in Sussex, and the Pat, 1299 Cl, Pagheham 1120--2 AC, 1337 Cl, Pegeham 1205, Pagaham name is sometimes apparently extended to cover the whole district 1208 Ch, Paggeham 1210-12 RBE, Paghham 1243 Cl, Pagenham 1270, 1324, included in the hundred. Thus a charter of 1155--8 (1338 Ch) Pakeham 1264 Pat, Paganaham 1297, Pagnaham 1300 Pap. speaks of 'warren in Selsey and per totam Manewedam', and a First cl. an OB pn *Pmcga of obscure origin. Ekwall (ODP) charter of 1180--4 (ib.) of 'lands in Selsey, Wittering, Sidlesham, regards it as a form of Pwga with gemination of q. Alternatively and tota AJanewoda' (this is repeated in 1227 Ch, the form being it may he connected with mod. peg (.ME pegge). This is doubtless Manewude); especially in the latter text the reference to the whole a LG loan-word, but a corresponding OE *pecg(e) may have district is clear. That the name had this connotation in modern existed, and the pn may be a nick-name formation from the same times too is shown by Manhood End on the northern boundarv of stem. The second el. seems to be OE hamm 'enclosure', 'river­ the hundred. If the 'Manwood' was o'riginally in Earnley, Some'dey meadow', etc.; hence 'Pcecga's enclosure'. (1 m. N. of Earnley) may have been a clearing in it, the two hundred-names in reality referring to the same meeting-place. In Aldewyke hundred' 1383, 1398 Ipm, Aldu'yke hd 15:39 LP. ­ 1261 and 1398 there are references to Eston [Easton 1 m. E. of Called after ALDwlcK in Pagham: Aldewyc 1235 FF, Ald'wik' Earnley] in la Manwode and to Rumbrug [nr Easton] in Manewode, 1247 Cl, Aldeu'yke 1292 Ipm, Aldewyk 1296 Ch, 1827 SR, Aldewyk PNSx 86, 89, which, if Mane1l'ode refers to the wood itself, as in the parish of Paqeham 1349 Ipm: - 'Old dairy-farm' (OE eald seems likely, and not to the district, show that it must have 'old' and W1c 'dwelling', '(uairy-)farrn'). The reason for the change of name is unknown, Possibly the hundred met at Aldwick, though 1 Cr. also OE qemii1Ulj v. ODP, gernfi'ne. Tinhale Barn (l'ynghale 1514, the Tinghill temp. James I: OE ping 76 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names 77 'meeting' and healh 'nook') 1"/, m. N. of Aldwick may also have Io"V, whose first el. is OE .E/ic, and which retains the c(h) in 1\1E been used as a hundred meeting-place (PNSx 92). (cf. ODP); cL also Euxton PNLa 133. Zachrisson (Studia germanica 403 L) derives some names in A've- and the like from OE *afe-, *eafe- 'pool', 'a wet piece of land', corresponding to Norw. ave Rape of Arundel 'pool', 'water-whirl', Sw. dial. ava 'creek' etc., but in as far as no (In) rapo de Harundel, Arundel 1086 DB, (de) rapo de Arundel 1174 other evidence for this word has been found than first els of PNs, AC, 12 AD Ill, 1237 RBE, (ad) rapum de Arundell' 1219 Fees, Rapl~s de whose form is as a rule distinctly possessive and points to a pn, I Arundel 1279 Ass 917 m 2. - The Rape consists of thc hds of Avisford, it is impossible to accept this. Avisford is taken to contain an OE Arundel. Poling, Rotherbridge, Bury and W. Easwrith, but up to the middle of the 13th cent. it also included the hundreds now in Chichester Rape. *a::fic, '"eNc, but apart from the doubly hypothetical nature of this derivative, there is no reason to assume that the first cl. ended in -ic. The ford from which Avisford Ho. takes its name must be where Avisford bd a road crosses the stream less than half a mile N. of church, On the coast W. of Littlehampton and Arundel, bounded on the E. by and here the hundred meeting-place must also have been. The the Arun and on the N. by the Downs, containing the pars of Felpham, , Climping, Ford, Yapton, Barnham, Eastergate, Walberton, Bin­ hundred is .no doubt called after Binsted in Domesday because its sted, Tortington, Madehurst and, detached, S. Stoke. In 1086 it also included meetings were held just outside the village (cf. PNSx 136). Slindon, now in Aldwick hd, and probably the whole of the present Arundel Avisford is centrally situated for the hundred. hd (Arundel borough), as this separates S. Stoke from the rest of Avisford hd. In Domesday the hundred is called after Binsted. Arnndel bd contains the borough of ArundeJ. It is hl~ndredum de Benestede hvnd' 1086 DB. Arundel 1181 P, Hundr'm de Arundel 1279 Ass 915 m 2, but this is only The name is derived from that of the viI. of BINSTED, 2 m. SW. another name for the manor or borough (Burgus de Arundell' 1275 RH). of Arundel: Benestede 1086 DB, Benested' (p) 1233 Cl, Bensted' Poling lid 1248 Ass 909A m 23, Benstede 1248 ib m 36, 1279 FF, 1316 FA, On the coast E. of Littlehampton and the Arun, bounded on the north 1327 SR., 1331 Pat, 1481 AD I, Bynsted' 1279 Ass 915 m 24, by the South Downs, including Goring, Ferring and Angmering on the Benested 1281 Cl, Bynstede 1296, Biensted 1332 SR., Byenstede east and Burpham and N. Stoke on the north. The modern name first 1342 Pat: - 'Place where beans are grown'; first el. OE bean occurs in the 12th century, and corresponds to Risberge hd in Domesday, l 'bean', second el. OE stede 'place' ('bean field' or 'homestead which also included Patching, now a separate hd in Bramber Rape. where beans are produced'). Rieberge (1), Risberg (2) hd' 1086 DB. Auesfordhdr' 1166, 1183, 1195, Auesford'hundredl1m 1179, 1191, The second form is no doubt the more correct one, the name I Hauefordhundredl1m 1188 P, Al1esford' 1248, 1262 Ass 909A m 23, meaning 'brushwood hill' (OE hrzs 'brushwood' and beorg 'hill', 912 m 45d, Aueford' 1248 ib m 36, Al'esforde 1265 1\1isc, Avesford "barrow'); Rie- may be for Ris- or Rise- (OE *hrzsen 'of brushwood'). 1272, 1302 Ipm, 1316 FA, 1340, 1353, 1397 Pat, Auesford 1279 The site of the place from which the hundred takes its name, no Ass 915 m 2, 1332 SR., Al'eford 1279 QW, Auesfol'de 1296 SR, doubt its meeting-place, is unknown, Avisfurd 1428 FA, Avysfonl 1539 LP...- The name survives in AVISFORD (Ho.) (Avesforde 1322 AD I, Al;esford 1331 Pat) on a Palingeshdr' 1166, 1183, Palingehundredum 1188 P, Hundre­ small stream, ab. "/. m. NW. of Binsted. The first el. is an OE dum de Palling' 1248 Fees, Hundr'm de Palinges 1262, 1288 Ass pn ~'/Efi; second el. OE ford. This name, or a side-form, is possibly 912 m 44, 926 m 31, Bundr' de Palynges 1275 RH, Hundr'm de recorded as Efe On coins (d. Redin 134); cf. also OE Afa, Eafa. Palinge, Pallinges 1279 Ass 915 m 1d, 23d, hd of Polinges 1284 In PNSx (143) the first el. is alternatively taken to he OE /Efic Misc, Hundredum de Puling 1316 FA, Hundr' de Polinge 1327 SR. Called after POLING, 2 m. SE. of Arundel: Palinges 1199 Ch, 1262 Ass pn, but this is not likely in view of the forms of e. g. Adgeston 912 m 44, c 1270 BOdl, n. d. AD V, Paling' 1226, 1244 Cl, Pallinges 1248 Ass ,8 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names 79 909A m 23, Palling 1271 Pat, Polyng' 1279 Ass 915 m 23d, Palynges 1312 have denoted a bridge on the now insignificant road or lane that Cl, 1337 Fine, 1346 Pat, 1350 Fine. leads from just SE. of Tilling-ton church across the Rather to OE *Piilingas may be derived from OE pal 'stake', 'pole'; if so, Petworth station, evidently once part of the main road. The name the name would refer to (the inhabitants of) a settlement marked is from OE *Hrfjpera brycg 'the bridge of the oxen (OE hrfj/Jer)', by stakes, i. e. by a fence or palisade. Alternatively, Professor referring to a bridge over which cattle were driven to pasture. Ekwall suggests that the base may be a pn "'Piil, derived from The river-name Rather is a back-formation from Rotherbridge, OE pill 'pole'. An OE form of Paling, proving the name to be a 'wh·ic.h shows that the bridge which once existed here was a well­ plural one, is probably found in Palinga (g. pI.) SchWas 953 (14) known one. The old name of the river was the Shire; v. ERN BCS 898, now Limbo Fm in Petworth, meaning 'the (cattle-)sheds 347, 362. Rotherbridge Fm is central for the hundred (cf. above). of the Piilingas'; cf. PNing 61, PNSx 117 f., 172, ODP s. v. Paling; also, however, PNSr 167 f. The reason for the change of hundred­ Bury hd name is not clear; possibly the old meeting-place of the hundred A narrow strip of land, extending along the western bank of the (Risberg) was near Paling, the hundred exchanging its earlier name Arun from near the Surrey border to the South Downs at Arundel, E, of for that of the village itself, which is roughly in the centre of the Rotherbridge hd, containing the pars of Bury, Houghton, , Coates, hundred; cf. Billl3ted hd, above. Coldwaltham" Hardham, and (south part). is an outlier of Rotherbridge hd. It is sometimes called a 'half­ Rotherbridge hd hundred'. A large hundred around Petworth, e:xtending from the Downs to the Berie hd' 1086 DB, Berihundred1l1n 1179, Byrihul/dredum 1188 Surrev border. The northern portion of the hundred was in the Weald, P, Hundr' de Byrye, Bery 1248 Ass 909A m 22, 33d, Hundl"m de ce~tral its part being the valley of the Rother, in which are the majority Byry 1262 Ass 912 m 45d, HUl/dr' de Bury 1262 ib ill <19, 1275 RH, of its villages, Sutton, Barlavington, , Burton, E. Lavington, 1827 SR, 1428 FA, Di' hundr' de Bury 129B SR, Dimidillm hundre­ Tillington, and the town of Petworth. The remaining three villages. , N. Chapel and are in the Weald, on tributaries of the dum de Bury 1316 FA, Dimid' hUl/dr' de Bury 1332 SR. Arun and the Rother. The hundred also includes two detached pars, Called after BURY, in the south of the hundred, on the Arun 4 m. N. of Arundel: Berie 1086 DB, Beriminstre 1085 France, Biri 1200 FF, Bur' Stopham fiT Pulborough and W. Lavington fiT Midhurst. Domesday seems to place Tillington in Easebourne hd, but this must be due to an error 1202 Cur, Bery 1203 Cur, 1248 Ass 909A m 33d, 1289 Abbr, Biry 1230 Cl, (cl. VHSx 1. 423 n 6), Rotherbridge itself (below) being in Tillington. Byri 1248 Ass 909A m 22, Byry 1252 Cl, 1286 Abbr, Buri 1279 QW. Redrebrige, Redrebrt'ge hvnd' 1086 DB, Rederebriggehdr' 1166, OE burg 'fortress' (in the dat. byrig). This probably refers to Redbrigehundredum (sic) 1180, Rederbrigehundredum 1183, Reder­ some ancient earth-work, which was the meeting-place of the brugg'hundredum 1195 P, Retherebrig' 1248, Retherbrygge, Ruthe­ hundred, but none such exists now (PNSx 124). The hundred brugg' 1262 Ass 909A m 22, 912 m 45, 49, Rutherbrugg 1265 Mise, meeting-place is referred to as (atte) Motstowe (OE m6tst(}w 'moot­ Rutherebrugg' 1275 RH, Rutherebregg', Retherbregg' 1279 Ass place') in 1302 (ib.); -minstre is OE mynster 'minster', 'church'. ~1!) m 2, 23, Rutherbrugge 1279 Ass 917 m 2, 1316 FA, 1347 FF. Retheresbrugge 1283 Ipm, Rutherbrugg' 1288 Ass 926 m 22, 1327, East and West Easwrith litIs 1332 SR, Retherbregg 1296 SR, Rutherebrigge 1302 Ipm, Ruther­ W. Easwrith hd is in Arundel Rape, extending along the Arun from the South Downs to the Surre~' border, containing the pars of Amberley, brigge 1347, 1353 Pat, 1539 LP; Rotherebrug 1272 Pat, Rother­ Greatham, Rackham, Parham. Storrington, Wiggonholt, Pulborough, 'V. brigge 1314 Ipm, Rotherbregge 1428 FA. - The name remains in Chiltington (part), Billingshurst, Slillfold (part) and Rudgwick. E. Easwrith that of ROTHERBRIDGE Fm, on the Rather 1 m. 8. of Tillington. is in Bramber Rape, E. of W. Easwrith hd, and contains the pars of This is ?Rlld'erugge (sic) 1203 Cur, Retherbrige 1262 Ass 912 m 45, Sullington, Warminghurst, Thakeharn, parts of W. Chiltington and Slinfold, Retherbrigg 1267 Pat, pons de Retherbrigg' 1279 Ass 915 m 23, and Itchingfield (det.). The two hundreds evidently once formed a whole, the division of the hundred being due to the boundary between Arundel (the high road from) Rotherbridge 1531 AD Ill. The name must and Bramber Rapes having been drawn through it, just as Wyndham and f 80 o. S. Anderson I The English Hundred-Names 81 Fishersgate hds were divided into two half·hundreds by the boundary Brightford hd I: between the Rapes of Bramber and Lewes. E. Easwrith is sometimes called a 'half-hundred'. N. of Worthing, E. of Poling and Patching hds, betwef'n the South D?wns, the Adur and the sea, containing Worthing, Lancing, Sompting, Eswende, Isiwirde, Isiwiridi, Isewerit lld' 1086 DB, Eisewri()a Fllldon and Clapham. Tarring is now a hundred in itself. 1161, dimidium llundredum de Esewurd' 1191, Esewride 1195, Bradfota lld' 1086 DB, Bredford 1086 DB, 1248 Ass 909A m 36, Essewrid 1196, Essewrith' 1242 P, Eysewrith 1246 FF, Essewryth' Bretfordhundredum 1191, Brinford (sic; for Brut-7) 1203 P, Brit­ 1248 Ass 909A m 23, 1279 Ass 915 m 22 (Dimid' Hundr'), Esewrith' ford 1248, 1279 Ass 909A m 23d, 921 m 29d, 1486 Pat., Brutford 1248 Ass 909A m 24d (Dimid' Hundr'm), 1262 Ass 912 m 45, 1248,1262 Ass 909A m 31, 912 m 43, 1265 Mise, 1279 Ass 917 m 2, I, Esewrithe 1248, 1262, 1279 Ass 909A m 33d, !H2 m 45, 915 m ld, 1296 SR, 1316 FA, 1327, 1332 SR, 1341 Misc, 1407 Ipm, Bretford 1284, 1302 Ipm, Esewryth', ESe1l!rye 1248 Ass 909A m 33d, 36d, 1255 FF, 1279 QW, 1288 Ass 926 m 17, 1369 Ipm, 1428 FA, 1477 Eswride 1255 FF, Eswryth' 1262 Ass 912 m 49, 1275 RH, FF, Brutteford 1262 Ass 912 m 43d, Brydeford 1279 Ass 915 m 21, Essewrithe 1279 Ass 915 m 30d, Eswrid 1284 Mise, Westhesewrith', Byrtford 1539 LP, Bryghtford 1547 Pat. - The site of the ford is I, Estessehewryth', Essewrythe 1288 Ass 926 m 20d, 30d, 37, Est­ unknown, but it seems to be mentioned as Bretford t. Stephen eseu'Tithe, Westeseurryth 1316 FA, Dimid' hundr' de Estesewrith, (France). It may have been at Broadwater (PNSx 192). The Bundr' de Westesewrith 1327 SR, West, Est Eswryth 1428 FA, derivation given in PNSx (1. c.) from OE briht 'bright' and ford I' Esewrithe, Esewyryth 1477 FF, Esewrith 1486, Estesewrithe 1547 is not supported by the early forms, which show no trace of a Pat, Eswrith half-hundred 1539 LP. - The site is lost., but. in 1233 spirant till the 16th cent.; the form Brightford must be an inverted " (FF) an Adam de Eselwride is ment.ioned in a fine referring to spelling or due to association with the word bright, after the loss Tbakeham, in 1296 (SR) Robert de ESe1liTyth was taxed in of its spirant in or about the 16th century. Brightford is identical I Sullington with Thakeham, in 1338 (PNSx) there is mention of with Britford W, which shows a similar run of forms, and is OE an Alice de Esewritlle in SuHington, and in 1555 BM there is a Brytford. This is explained by BT and Ekblom as 'ford of the reference to Cootham and Easwrith in Storrington, so that it may Britons', but is derived by Ekwall (GDP s. v.) from *br.ijdford 1 have been near the boundary between these parishes, which adjoin. 'brides' ford'. Against the former derivation it may be objected The site is also mentioned as Eswrythe 1344 FF. The second el. that OE brettas, bryttas is not with certainty eviuenced in PNs is OE 10rip 'bush, thicket, coppice' (cf. NED s. v. wride, ODP s. v. (except in a few of Scand. origin), whereas we~las is common, and wrid, and PNW 182 s. n. Writh Copse). The first el. may be OE that the regular early OE form of 'Briton' is brei- (e. g. in the Esa pIl as assumed in PNSx (146), but OE esa (g. pI.) 'of the gods' A-text of the ASC), with -e- from -i- (cf. Luick § 211), the forms (in esa gescot) is also possible, and rather more probable. The in -y- being from later texts '; in PNs we should expect -e-, but name may have reference to a sacred grove, which wa.s also the the ME forms point to -y-. It may be, then, that Brightford was 1 hundred meeting-place. originally *'Brydford, though the commonness of the name is surprising (cf. ODP Birdforth, Bridford, Britford); cf., however, :' .Maidford, of which there are at least fom (PNDv 27); in that I .' Rape of Brarnber case d became t before f. Professor Ekwall notes brydelades ford BCS 627, and suggests that a 'bride-ford' would be one used when (In) rapo Willelmi de Braiose 1086 DB, (de) rappo de Brembla 1188 P, going to the wedding. (in) rapo de Brembre 1212 Fees, Rap' de Brambre 1248 AD Ill, Rapus de I Brembre 1279 Ass 921 ID 29d. The rape contains the hds of E. Easwrith Tarring hd contains only thf' par of West Tarring, which was in (above), Brightford, Tarring, Patching, Steyning, W. Grinstead, Fishers­ Brightford hd in 1086 (DB), and is referred to Fagham hd in 1316 (FA). gate (part), Burbeach, Tipnoak, Wyndham (part) and Singlecross. It is No early rf'ference to thf\ hundred has bf'en found. named from Bramber nr Steyning. , The y-form is explained by Forster (p. 231 note) as a learned form. I 6 I I ,'.. I' li i"l I· 82 O. 8. Anderson .'°0 The English Hundred-Names 83 ,i' ~ ; Patcbhl~ M c\)ntain~ only thc par of Patching, which was in Risber{f 'West Grinsteafl hd i' '~nd "i ~' (Polingi hd Arundel Rape in 1086 (DB), and apparently in Loxfield hd ; l'n 1327 (SR). No reference prior to the 1tith cent. has ]leen noted. On the upper Adur S. of Horsham, consisting of thc pars of W. Grin. stf'ad, Shipley. Ashington and AshunL Grenestede hrl' 1086 DB, hwulredum de Grensted' 1195 P, Steyning llll Hl1ndr' de Grenestede 1248, 1262 Ass 909A m 24d, 912 m 42d, Round Steyning, between the South Downs and. the Adur, Tc~n~alnlng the pars of Steyning, Bramber. BolOlphs, Coombes, WIston and:' ashmglon. Hllndr' de Grenstede 1248 ib m 36d, 1341 Mise, Hundr'm de West­ Domesday also refers Findon :in,] Sullington (part) 10 Steynmg hd, but grensted 1275 l{H, 1296, 1332 SR, JIundr'm de lVestgrenestede wer~ they in Brightford and E. Easwrith hds respectively in 1316 (FA). 1279 Ass 915 m 1d, Grinstede hundred' 1309 Ipm, hd of Grynsted In 1327 (SR) the hundred also included Warnham, Rusper and NUlh~rst 1547 Pat. now forming Singleeross hd (below). Honiham is also r:ferred to Steynmg Called after WEST GRIN~TEAD, on the Adur 6 m. S. of Horsham:· Gren­ hd in 1327 SR (cl. PNSx l!21), but Horsham borough l~ sep~rately dealt sterl' 1215 Pat, Grenesterl' 1234 Cl, Grensted 1242 Fees, Westgrenested with in 1275 (RH) and 1316 (F ,\\ and was in Fishersgat.e hd III 1831 (Pop. 1280 Ch, 1316 Pat, West ' 1316 Inq aqd, Grinstede 1316 FA. Abstr.). There is mention of a hdr' de Brernble 1168, Bremlehdr',1169. l' (Bramber). whieh is taken in PNSx (221) to be another name for Ste~'mng 'Green place' (OE grene. stede), perhaps ·pasture'. West in hd' a Hundredum de Brembre also occurs in 1279 Ass 915 m 21: the distinction from E. Grinstearl, below. A hundred court was held reference may be to the borough of Bramber. at Grinstead (probably W. Grinstead) in 1234 (Cl). Staninges hd' 1086 DB, hundr' de Staning' 1175 P, 1262, 1279 Ass 912 m 42d, 915 m Id, Staningeshundredllm 1179, hU7Idredl1tn 'Wyntlham and Ewhllrst hd de Stanigges (sic) 1195 P, hd of Staninges 1265 Mise, ~und~'fn de :'1 SE. of Horsham, containing t.he pars of Cowfold and Shermanbury. ".~ Stenyng', Stenigges 1275 H,H, Hundr'nz deStenyngg 12 (9,. de The hundred originally consist.ed of two half-hundreds, one in Bramber Stanynges 1288 Ass 915 m 21,926 m 30d, Ilundredum de Steynmge Rape including the abuye pars, the other in Lewes Rape, including Twine­ ham J and perhaps , both now in Buttinghill hd. 1316 FA, Hundred de Stenyng 1327 SR, 1486 Pat, hd of Staynyng Wingeham, Windeham h'Vnd' 10f\6 DB. Dill/id' Hundr'm de 1547 Pat, Steyning hd 1539 LP. . Th," name is d,"rived from ::iTEYNING: (

J Bene/eId in is mentioned in Domesday under Wyndham hd; cl. also !'NSx ::79. :;,., • 84 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names 8a may be short for OE (wi/Jo-, u'Udu-)Ic1nde 'woodbine' (cL OHa I but it is difficult to sec how the n-forms are to be explained except winda MHO, G uinde 'convolvulus'), or a word with the meaning from a pn, Ekwall (ODP) alternatively suggests for Debden a 'windi~g" 'b~nd', or the like; d. DE gewind 'spiral', \vinding path', 2 stream-name *Tippe, but notes the difficulty of explaining this. winde- in windeZocc 'curly lock', also NED s. v. wind sb • The The site of the tree is not known with certainty, but 'the hundreth I form in Winden- is probably secondary; d. Wallington Sr, above. place called Typnocke' is mentioned as late as 1552. in a Survev The addition of Ewhurst is late; it is ac,counted for by Wyndham of the manor of Stf('atham in Henfield (PNSx), and i't is prohabl~ and Ewhurst forming one manor (cL 1'illa de Wyndharn et hchurst identical with Hundred SteddZe (6"), in a high situation 1 m. SE. 1316 FA). I of Henfield church on the lloundary between Henfield and Tipnoak hd Woodrnancote pars. The reason for the change of hundred-name is not quite certain, but Henfield was probably the hundredal NW. of , E. of the Adur, rontaining the pars of ~enfield, I Woodmancote and . In Domesday it is called after HenfJeld. • manor, whose name was exchanged for that of the hundred meeting-place. In 1275 (RH n. 203) the bishop of Chichester is Hamfelde, Hamfelt hd' 1086 DB, llanfeldhundredmn 1188 P. stated to hold the hundred of Tipnoak 'cum manerio de Henfeud'. The name is derived from that of HENrIELD: Hanefeld 770 (14) I BCS 206, 1166 RBE (p), 1315 Pat, HamfeZde 1086 DB, Hamfeld' BlIrbeach lid 1170 P, llamfeld' (p) 1230 P, 1234 Cl, Hannfeld 1255 FF, Hamfeud' Consists of two separate portions, one NW. of Brighton. N. of the 1262 Ass 912 m 43, Hanfeld 1255~58 BM, Henfeud 1275 RH, 1279 Downs and E. of the Adur, containing the pars of and I QW 12!.H Tax, Hannefeid 1279 Ass 915 m 19d, 1337 Pat, Hanefeud ; the other in the Wealden area E. of Horsham containing Lower 130~ Ipm: ~ 'High open space (pasture)' (OE heah 'high' and feld Beeding and !field. Lower Beeding is merely a detached part of Upper 'open lane}', etc.). Henfield is on a height above the Adur. Beeding (v, PNSx 205), and !field was a hundred in itself in 1086 (Tifeld hvnd' DB), no further mention of which is found; it was in Burbearh hd I Bykenak' (sic), Typenok' 1248 Ass 909A m 23d, 36, Tippenhok', in 1296 and 1327 (RR). In 1086 the hundred also induded Shoreham, now Typenhoke 1262 Ass 912 m 43, 48d, Typenok 1265 Misc, ~279 Ass ill }'ishersgate hd, extending oyer the Downs to the sea. Old Shoreham was still in Burbeach hd in 1316 (FA) and 1428 (FA), and in 1327 (ElR). 921 m 29d, 1327, 1332 (Dimid' hundr') SR, 1341 Misc, Sf/penhoke Bvrbece hvnd' 1086 DB, Bulebech' 1161 P, Burbech', Rorebrigge (sic), Tipenoe 1275 RH, Typenhuk' 1275 RH, 1279 Ass 915 m Id: I (sic) 1248 Ass 909A m 24, 36d, Burbeche 1255 FF, 1428 FA, 1477 Typpenuke 1279 ib m HId, Typpynhoke, Typpenok' 1288 Ass 926 FF, 1486, 1547 Pat, Bourbeeh', Borebech', Burgbeche, BI/rbaeh' m 19, 30d, Typenoke 1296 SR, 1428 FA. - Second el. OE ilc 'oak', 1262 Ass 912 m 42d, 43(d), 48d, Burgebeche 1275 RH, BI/rchebeche, as proved by the first form (not in PNSx), which though corrupt Burghebeehe 1279 Ass 915 m Id, 921 m 29d, Rurghbeche 1279 Ass I must belong here. The h of numerous forms, which canses the 915 m 19d, 1316 FA, 1332 SR, Burghebech', Burbeeh' 1288 Ass editors of PNSx to hesitate between 'oak' and 'hook' (p. 214), 926 m 18d, 30d, Burghebeeh(e) 1296, 1327 SR, Burgbeeh 1341 must, be inorganic; cL Foxearle, below. The first is taken in PN~x .\lisc, Rurghberge (sic) 1369, Burghbech 1404 Ipm, Burbeache 1547 to be a pn *Tippa, found also in Tiptree (Tipentrie Hy 2) and III I Pat. ~ Identical with Burbage W (Burhbeee, Burgbeces (gen.) Debden (Tippedene KCD 813) Ess, which if; near a stream called 961 (13), (wia) Byrb(f!ces 968 (13) BCS 1067, l213, Burhbee c 1000 Tippa-, Tippeburne in a 12th century copy of a charter of 1062 (13) KeD 1312), Db and Le, explained by Ekwall (ODP) as 'brook (KCD 813); cL PNEss 66, 307. It is explained as a va:iant of th.e or valley of the burg', from OE burg 'fortress', 'ca8tle' and beee, I known name Tibba, As wc have here two names denotlllg trecs, It bmce, ME bache 'brook' or 'valley' (v. NED s. v. bache, ODP s. v. is tempting to connect the first el. with the word tip 'top', 'summif, b

The derivation given in PNSx (OE bee 'bccehes') is hardly correct; Rape of Lewes it is contradicted hy the modern (and 1347) form in -beach, and by Rap de Lewes 1086 DB, 11" P, 1212 Fees. Rapus de Lewes 1279 Ass the 13th cent. form in -bach. The site of the Sussex Burbeaeh is 917 m 1d, contains the hds of Fishersgate (part), Wyndham (part), WhaJes~ lost. so that no help is to be f!0t for the interpretation from the bone, Preston, Dean. , Buttinghill, Streat, Barcombe, Lewes. Swan~ topo~raphy of the place. The form Bule- is an AN spelling for borough, Younsmere and Holmstrow. Bure-. Whalesbone 1111 On the coast, containing Brighton and W. Blatchington. ]n DomesdaY, Fishers~ate IlIl where it is called WelesJllere, the hundred is also made to indllde Rotting'­ On the coast W. of Brighton, S. of the Downs, bounded on the west dean and Ovingdean, now in Younsmere hd. Preston and Hoye are now bv the Adur. It consisted originall~' of two ha.lves, one in Bramber Rape, in Preston hd, and Patcham, which was in Preston hd in 10Ro. forms the c~ntainjng the pars of Shoreham by Sea, Old Shoreham, Kingston by Sea lid of Dean. and Southwiek: the other in Lewes Rape. containing Portslade, Hangleton Welesmere hd' 1086 DB. an,l Aldrington. ]n 1086 (DB) the hundred was called after Aldringtoll, lYallesto-n' (sic) 1242 P, lVhallesbon' 1248 Ass 90\JA m 32, but Shoreham was then in Burbeaeh hd. Whalesbon 1248 ih m 34, 1262, 1288 Ass 912 III 18d. 920 m 30d, Dimid' Hrnd' de Eldretl'ne, Eldritrne hrnd' 1086 DB. 1316 FA, 1398, 1440 Tpm, 1444 P:lt, Wallesbon' 1262 Ass 912 m 42, The name is derived from AWRINGTON nr Hove: Eldretvne 1086 Walesbone 1265 Mise, 1279 Ass 915 m 1d, 1177 Jpm, Walesbene, DB, Aldrinchtona 1121 AC, Aldringeton' 1200 Cllr, Aldrinton 1247 Walesbon' 1275 RH, Walebone 1279 Ass 915 m 35d, Whal(l)isbon FF, Aldrington' 1248, 1262 Ass 909A m 37d, 912 m 42, Audringeton 1288 Ass 920 m 13, 14, Walesbon 1288 ib In 36d, 1296, 1327 SR, 1250 FF, Alrinton' 1262 Ass 912 m 42, Alryngton 1280 Ipm, Whalesbone 13:32 SR, 1397 Pat, 1485 Ipm, Whalysbnne ]477 FF, Aldringeton 1285 FA, Aldringtoll 1294 Pat, 1301 Cl, Alrington Walesbourne 1478 Ipm, Wal(l)esbo(u)rne Hi51 SxAC 23. 220, 234. 1290 Ipm, Alderingeton 1326 Cl: - 'Homestead of Ealdhere's The name probably means what it. says, i. e. 'the whalebone' (OE sons and dependants' (OE *Ealdheringa tl7n); cf. PNSx 288. kwales baT!, Orosius 1. 1), the hundred having taken its name from Dimidium hlmdredum de Piskergate 1188 P, Dim id' HUlldr' de the jaw-bones or the skeleton of a whale, which may onee have Fysseregate, Fyssergate, (Dimid') Hundr' de Fisseresgate 1248 Ass stranded here; cf. PNHrt XXXIX. Whalebone is only evidenced 909A III 26, ;:IOd, 36d, 37d, Dimidium Hundr'm de Fysslzerescate, from 184() in the NED in the sense 'jawbone of a whnle', but cf. Fisslzerescate 1262 Ass 912 m 42(d), Dimid' Hundr'm de Fysseres­ Whalebone Bridge Ess (the Whalebone 1(41), which was named gate, Fyhsserisgatt 1275 RH. Dimid' Hundr'11l de Fisseresgate, from two whale's jawbones set lip as an arch over the road, and Fhissheresgate 1279 Ass 91;") m 2, 13, Dimid' HI/ndr' de Fishere­ Whalebones House in Barnet, the gate of which is still marked by gate, lVysserisgate 1288 Ass fl26 m 30d; Fyssereqate 1296 SR, such an arch (PNEss U2, PNIlrt 1. e.). We must then assume that Fyssheresgate 1316 FA, 1327 SR, Pissheresgate 1332 SR, 1397 the pool (OE mere), presumably a tidal pool, aftE'r which the Pat, Fysshergate 1428 FA, Fysshesgate 1444, Fissherisgate 1486 hundred was called in 1086, owed its name to the same incident. Pat. - Called after F1SHERSGATE, between Southwiek and Portslade One may compare OE hronces Mn on the , and the (Fisseresgate 1248, 1279 Ass ~l09A m 24, !H5 ID 19d). It is on the story told there of the stranding of a whale. In SxAC 16. 247, boundary between Bramher and Lewc" Rapes. The meaning is 'the the hundred is said to have derived its name from a stream called fisherman's (OE fiscere) gate', probably a gate or gap leading to 'the Wellsbourne', which used to flow at times from a spring at the sea. This was evidently the meeting-place of the hundred, Patcham, entering the sea at Pool Valley in Brighton, but in view which may have been called after Aldrington in Domesday, be­ of the early forms this must be a piece of folk-etymology. It may eause Fishersgate is near that place; cf. PNSx 288. be, though, that the pool of Pool Valley (cf. PNSx 292) was the mere of the Domesday name. 88 O. S. AndllrSon The Engli8h Hundred-Names 89 Preston bd. DC3ll hd In Domesday there is mention of a hundred 915 m 1d, 10d, 11,35,917 m Id, 921 m 29d, Buntinghull', Buntyng­ of l'restetvne, which included Patcham and Preston itself (heading hulle 1288 Ass 926 m 14d, 36, Buttyngehulle 1296, 1327, 1332 SR, omitted). The modern hundred of Preston contains Preston and Hove, whereas Patcham alone now forms Dean hd. No early references, apart Butynghull 1316 FA, Buntyngeshull 1366 Pat, Bottinghull 1398 from the Dome~dav reference to Preston hd, have been noted. Dean hd Ipm, Buttynghell 1428 FA, Ruttynghill 1440 Ipm, 1468 Ch, Bottyng­ may have been cailed from Withdean (PNSx 2\H). Patcham, Preston and hulle 144,1 Pat, Buntinghill1462, Buntinghall1477 Ipm, Buttynghyl Hove were in Whalesbone hd in 1295 and 1327 (SR), and in 1316 (fA), 1477 FF. - The first el. must be allied to butt 'the thicker end' and no doubt belonged to this hd originally. (The hundred of Pacheham 1166 P. held in PNSx (290) to be l'atcham, refers to Pagham (AIdwick) hd, of something, OB buttuc 'cnd', 'small piece of land', ON blUr being ~ seribal variant of Pagehamhdr' on the previous roll; it is given 'stump', JTIIG butze 'lump', 'clod', G Butzen 'lump', etc.; cf. PNSx under that name also). 251, NED s. v. butt sb', HelIquist s. Y. butter, Torp 274. It is doubtless identical with that of Buttington GI (111' : But­ Poynings hd tingtun 894 ASC), which is looked upon by Ekwall (ODP) as a N. of Brighton, mostly N. of the South Downs, containing the pars of hill-name *Butting, derived from an OE *butt, the source of ME, Poynings, Fulking, and . This was also the extent ModE butt(e). The Bunting-forms are probably due to anticipation of the hu ndred in 1086. of. the following nasal. Hence 'Butting Hill' ('the hill of (called) Poninges hund' 1086 DB, Hundr' de Puningges, Punninges 1248 Butting'). Second el. OE hyll 'hill'. In PNSx the first el. is taken Ass 909A m 30, ;37d, Hundr'rn de Poninges 1262, 1279 Ass 912 m to be an unrecorded OE pn *Butta, but that is hardly satisfactory. 42, 915 m Bd, Hundr' de Ponynges 1275 RH, 1428 FA, Hundr' de Bu ttinghill is situated on the western side of the London and Ponyng 1296, 1332 SR, Ponynges hundred' 1398, 1440, Ponnyngs Brighton Road, where it is crossed by the road from Ditchling to hundr' 1478 Ipm. Called after POYNINGS, 6 m. NW. of Brighton: Puningas !l60 BCS 1055, (SxAC 58. 6, quoted in PNSx 251). Judging by the Poninges 1086 DB, 1242 Fees, 1248 Cl (p), 1267 Pat, Punni[n]ges (p) 1230 P, map, this is at the end of a fairly well-marked spur of hill running Punninges (p) 1246 Pat, Puninkes (p) c 1248 AD Ill, Ponninges 1248 Ass up from the Downs. The site is in the extreme south of the hundred. 909A m 30; Puning' (p) 1212, 1250 Cl, Punning' 1236 FF. Views of frankpledge ,vere held here in 1620. OE Puningas may be derived from an OE pn *Piln(a), connect­ ed with OE pilnian 'to pound'. Poynings is identical with Puning Streat hd in Germany (Puningun 890); cL PNing 62, PNSx 286, ODP s. v. NW. of Lewes, E. of Buttinghill hd, bounded on the ~outh b~' the Poynings, Forstemann H. 499, Jellinghaus 116. Downs, containing the pars of Ditchling, 1Vestmeston, Streat. Plumpton, E. Chiltington, Chailey, Wivelsfield, and, formerly, Lindfield (12!l6, 1327 Ruttinghill hd SR, 1316 FA), now in Burarchcs hd. Ditehling is referred to Swanborough A Yery large hundred occupying the whole of the northern half of hd in DB. Lewes Rape, extending from the Downs at Hurstpierpoint to the Surrey Estrev, Estrat hvnd' 1086 DB, Strad'hdr' (var. Strathdr') 1175 border, containing the pars of Hurstpierpoint. Clayton. (Burgess P, llundreduJJl de Strete 1242 P, 1248, 1262, 1279 Ass 909A m Hill), , , Twineham, Bolney, , , 30d, 912 m ,11d, 915 m 1d, 1275 RH, 1296, 1327, 1B32 SR, , W. Hoathly, Worth and Crawley. Twineham and probably Bolney 1428 FA. were formerlv in Wvndham hd, and Worth is returned under Cherchefelle (Reigate) hd' Sr in Domesday: it was in Buttinghill in 1316 (FA). Called after STREAT. 5 m. N\V. of Lewes, or after the road from which Botingelle hvnd' 1086 DB, Buntin.qehull' 1248 Ass 909A m 30, the village deriws its name: Estrat 1086 DB, la Strete 12·18 Ass 909A m 37d, Strete 12,18 ib m 30d. 1272 Ipm. 1288 Ass 926 m 36d, 1334 Ipm. 1%9 Cl, Bottingehull' 1248 ib m 37d, 1275 RH. Botinghull, Buttingehull' Strates 1285 FA, Stretes 12!l6 Ipm, Ed I BitL 1262 Ass 912 m 41d, 48d, Buttynghull' 12(,2 ib m 42, 1288 Ass OE street '(Roman) road'. A Roman road has been tr:H'ed at 926 m BOd, Bottynghull' 1275 RH, Butingehull', Bontynghull', Streat (PNSx 304). The village is on an elevation near the centre Botynghelle, Buntinghull', Buttynyeull', Buttyngehull 1279 Ass of the hundred, and would be a good meeting-place. The Domesday 90 O. S. Anuerson The Engli~h Hundred-Names 91

forms have prosthetic E-, through AN influence, and the first of T,ewes btl cont-ains the borough of Lewes. In 1130 P there is a. refer­ them is corrupt (e for t). ence to hunrir' rie Hagenemeda et de Leu'es, but it is usually treated under the title of Burgus de Leu:es. The mention of llagenemeda is obscure. Rarcombe lId Southover without Lewcs is called Dimid' Hundr'm de SuthenoTe 1279 Ass 915 ill 12, Dimid' hundr' villa!e de Su!henoucre 1332 SRi in 1248 Ass (HOnA N. of Lewes, bounde

J This parallel disposes of one objection in PNSx against this etymology. Identical with the par of Eastbourne.•fudging by its shape, the hundred , In 1168 P there is mention of an Edelmestriehdr' (Hedelmestrehdr' may once have been included in Willingdon hd. In Domesday it is mixed 1169 P), which is possibly to be connectcd with this name, though there together with Totnore hd (VHSx 1. 408 n. 5). The hundred was appurtenant is no definite clue to its whereabouts, to the manor of Eastbourne (EUR 47. 368). 96 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names 97 Borne hvnd' 1086 DB, hundred de Burn' 1212 Fees, Hundr' de P, in the surname of Hem, de Ediueherst, who must have lived at Burne 1248 Ass G09A m 28d, 1275 RH, Hundr'm de Esf(e)burne t~e spot from which the hllndr~d took its name. The meaning is 1279 Ass G15 m 1, IBd, Hundr' de Estbourne 1327 SR. 'Eadgifu's hill or wood' (OE Eadgifu f. pn and hyrst 'hillock', EM'TnOUR~·E: Called after Borne, Bl'rne 1086 DB, Burna 1165 P, Burne 'wood'). In PNSx the Domesday form is regarded as another name 1227 Ch. 1237 Fees, 1244 Ipm, ESlburne 1288 Ass 926 m 35d, Esibourne 1295 lpm. for the hundred, containing OE tun 'homestead', but this is hardly OE burna 'stream'. East in contrast with Westbourne, above. likely, and in that case the s would be inaccurate, the gen. of Eadgifu The hundred meeting-place was near Motcombe (Fm) in Eastbourne being Eadgife. Edivestone is no doubt to be looked upon as an error (Motecumbe (p) Hy3 Mise, Mofecumbe 1340 NI), \vhich is 'moot for Edivest (i. e. Ediveest, Edivehest), with est for herst as in valley'; cf. PNSx 426, 431. Holeest, Holehest DB (Holdenhurst Ha), Hertpst (Hartest Sf), Hanehest (Hellhurst K), etc. (ef. ODP). An Edivest in the original Lowey of Pevensey hd contains the pars of Pe\-ensey and Westham, return (per~aps followed by a mark of abbreviation) would readily and part of IIailsham. It is Pevenesel ht-lld' 1086 DB, kundr' de Penuesel be misinterpreted as Edivestone by the scribe. 1130. de Peuenesel 1170 P. but is not mentioned as a hundred in later doc~ments. The Lou.ey (LLat leucata) is the Liberty of Pevensey (NED). Schepelawahl1ndredurn (sic) 1180, 1188 P, Sepelak', Sltippelake Dill hd 1248 Ass 909A m 29d, 37d, Shepelake 1262, 1279 Ass 912 m 40, Contains Hailsham and Hellingly. 915 III 18, 1329Ipm, 1371 Cl, Schyplak' 1262 Ass 912 m 48, Sepelake Latille hd' 1086 DB, Tillehundredum 1179 P, Thille 1248, 1262, 1265 Mise, 1275 RH, 1279 Ass 915 m 1, 1296 SR, Schepelake 1275 1279 Ass 909A m 29, 912 m 38, 915 m 1, 1275 RH, 1316 FA, HH, 1316 FA, 1359 Ipm, 1397 Pat, Scltiplak' 1279 QW, Shepelak', 1327 SR, 1384, 1450 Pat, Tylle 1248, 1288 Ass 909A m 37, 926 Shyplak' 1288 Ass 926 m 10, 30, Shepelak 1293, 1317 Pat, 1327 SR, m 35d, la Thill' 1262 Ass 912 m 38, Thylle 1262, 1288 Ass 912 1369 BM, Shepelac 1319 BM, Sheplak 1330, 1360 Cl, Sheplake 1330 m 48, 926 m 30, 1296, 1332 SR, Dyll 1539 LP: - OE J!ille Tpm, 1359, 1366, 1394 Cl, 1539 LP: -- 'Sheep stream', from OE 'boarding', 'floor', The reference may be to some structure made sceap 'sheep' and lacu 'stream', 'water-course'," and identical with of planks used by the hundred court (PNSx 435)! In 1382 there Shiplake 0 (ODP). Ekwall interprets 'stream where sheep were is mention of la Thylle in Hellingly (ib), so that the meeting-place washed'. The P forms are corrupt. There is no clue to the site I must have been in that parish. What may have been another {)f the meeting-place, or to the reason for the change of name. Thylle in Sussex is noted in PNSx from Warbleton just NE. of Hellingly. This is (atie) Thylle 1296 SR, 1307 PNSx, and may be Loxfiehl Dorset and Pelham amI Ringmer hds La Dylle 1377 FF (not the hundred name). La in the Domesday Ringmer hd is E. of Lewes, containing the pars of S. Mailing, Ringmer form is the French definite article.

p. 283 ff. 1 Not 'pool' (PNSx 397); cf. Mansion, Oudgentsche Naamkunde, p. 101 f. 7 98 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names 99 Ringmer hd is a late formation (Ryngemere hundred' 1398 Ipm, Ryngmere Sr, JIrt) which are held to contain this pn, all have second els hd 1450 Pat). The division of the rest of Loxfield bd into two hds is recent. meaning 'clearing' or 'wood', and the second el. of Loxfield has Framelle hlmd' 1086 DB. a similar meaning to that of Loxley. The first el. is therefore more ~ I Called after FRAMFJELD, 8 m. NE. of Le,ves: Fremesfeld' 1207 Ch, probably a significant word apt to be compounded with these els. I OE loc 'enclosme' was suggested for Loxley hd So; if so, the ,1 Fremisfeld 1223 PNSx, Fremefeud 1248 Ass 909A m 31, Frene(s)feud I 1279 Ass 915 ID 14d, 35, Fremesfeld Ed J BM, Prenefeld 1305 FF, meaning is '(open) field of the enclosure', though the regular gen. ·1, Fremefeld 1314 Ch; Fremfelde 1296 SR, Fremfeld 1307 FF: ­ form of the first el. is difficult to account for. It should be noted ,[ 'Frema's or Fremi's open field', from a pn *Frema or *Fremi, that Loxley has a parallel without -s- in Lockley(s) lIrt, whose allied to fram 'active', 'bold'; and feld 'open land', etc.; cL PNsi first el. is no doubt OE loca 'enclosure' (differently, PNHrt 144). I; 392, ODP s. v. and Fremington hd Dv. The n-forms are due to LOXFIELD was in Framfield, where the site of the hundred meeting­ j dissimilation. Framfield is on a spur of land on tIie eastern side place is still marked by the Hundred House, a mile NE. of Fram­ of the Ouse. field village. John and Robert de Lockesfeld(e) were taxed in Framfield in 1296 and 1327 (SR), and the site is also mentioned .illellinges ht'nd' 1086 DB, Mellingehundredum 1188, Mallinge­ as Lokkysjeld 1440, Loxefielde, Lockfield (in Framfield) 1639, hundredum 1193 P. - Called after SOUTH MALLlNG nr Lewes at the 1642 PNSx. It remained to the last century as Lixfield, the name SW. end of the hundred, its caput ': (ret) Mallingum 838 BCS 421, of some fields a mile to the south of Hundred Rouse. As Loxfield Suth Mallinges, Meallinges 838 (13) BCS 422, Mellinges 12 BCS was near Framfield, after which the hundred was called in 1086, 421, 1086 DB, Melling' 1121 AC, Illaul'ing' 1204 Cur, Mallinr;es the meeting-place was no doubt always at this spot. It is possible 1215 Cl, 1279 Ass 915 m 35, jl-faulinges 1232 Bracton, Meauling' that MaIling (DB) was merely an alternative name of the hundred, 1248 Ass 909A m 31; Suthmelling 1232 Pat, Suthmal(l)ing' 1241, derived from that of the hundredal manor, so that Framfield and 1242 Cl, Suhtmalinges 1260 Pap, Suthmallinges 1263 FF: ­ MaIling hd denoted the same district. For the additions to the 'Mealla's sons or dependants', from an OE pn *Mealla, which has modern name, v. PNSx 380. continental analogues; v. PNing 38, 60, ODP s. v. MaIling, PNSx 354, Zachrisson, StMSp 9. 126; a different interpretation is given Rushmonden hd by Wallenberg, KPN 253, PNK 148, and Zachrisson, StNPh 5. 61 On the upper Ouse, S. of E. G'rinstead, bounded on the north by (an unrecorded OE *meoll 'sand, chalk, or sand-, chalk-hill'). Ashdown Forest, containing the pars of Fletching, Maresfield and Lt. Hor­ sted (detached). This corresponds to the Domesday hd of Ristone, which was somewhat larger, containing also (and Danehill); but Lochesfeldhr' 1130 P, Lokesfelde 1248 Ass 909A m 23d, Lt. Horsted was in Framelle (Loxfield) hd in 1086. Danehill and Horsted Lokesfeud 1248 ib m 31, 1262 Ass 912 m 39, Lockesfeud 1248 Keynes are now in Danehill Horsted hd (q. v.). In the 13th cent. the old ib m 34, 1279 Ass 915 m 35, Lokkesfeud 1262 Ass 912 m 48, hd of Ristone was divided into the two half-hundreds of Ristone and Denne 1275 RH, Lokkesfeld 1279 Ass 915 m 14d, 1398 Jpm, Lockefeud, (Danehill), later amalgamated again as Rushmonden. Lokefeud 1279 Ass 915, 917 m Id, Lockesfeld 1296, 1327 SR, -e Ristone hvnd' 1086 DB, hundr' de Ristona 1168, 1170, 1316 FA, Loqesfeld 1347, Loxfeld 1370, 1395, Lokkisfeld 1443 Riston'hdr' 1169 P, Dimid' Hundr' de Ryslon' 1248, 1262 Ass Pat, Lokksfeld 1539 LP. - Derived in PNSx (p. 389) from OE 909A m 29, 912 m 40, Hundr'm de Risseton' 1279 Ass 915 m 34, Locc pn (a by-name from OE loce 'lock') and feld 'open land', Dimidium hundredum de Ryshton 1316 FA. etc., but Sx, Loxbeare Dv and several Loxleys (Wa, St, Dimidium Hundr' de La Denne 1248 Ass 909A m 28, 1275 RH. , 1279 QW, Hundr' de la Dene 1248 Ass 909A m 31d, Dimid' Hundr'm

1 In 1271 (Pat) Queen EJeanor held 'the manor of SumaJling with the de la Denne, la Denn' 1262 Ass 912 m 38d, 48d. hundred and other appurtenances.' Hundred and half of la Danne and Riston 1265 Mise, Hundr' 100 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names 101

1 de Riston' et Denne 1275 RH, Ilundr'm de Venne et Ryston' 1279, HerteIJel Hvnd' 1086 DB, Hertefpld t. Stcphen France, 1296 de Ryston' et Denne 1288 Ass 915 ID 1, 920 ID 7, Hundr de 1327 SR, lIertefeldhdr' 1166, Hertisfeldhundredum 1179 P Hundr: Ristondenn 1296, de Rishton et lJenne 1327, de Ristonedenne 1332 de Herttefeud 1248 Ass 909A m 28, de llertefeud 1262 A;s 912 m SR, hd of Rishcyndenn 1384 Pat, Ruschrnonden hd 1639 LP. 38, 1265 Mise, 1275 RH, lhmdr' de Ertefeud 1279 Ass 917 m 1, Ristone hd was named from RusToN (Wood) 1 m. E. of Fletching de Hertfeud 1288 Ass 926 m 30, Hundredurn de Hertefelde (Riston' (viIlata) 1248 Ass 909A m 29, Ryghston (sic) 1289 FF 1316 FA. (manerium), Riston 1296 SR). 'Rush enclosure' (OE rise, rysc 'rush' Called after HARTFIELD, 5 m. E. of E. Grinstead, or from the 'field' that and tun 'enclosure', 'homestead'). -- La Denne hd wa" named from gi:es the village its name '; Herteul 1086 DB, Hertfeld' 1201 Cur (p), 1254, DAKEH1LL (Denn' 1248 Ass 909A m 28, Denne 1279 Ass 915 m 34, 12,,6 Cl, Hertefeld' 1216 Cl (p), Hertefelrl 1236 FF, 1256 BM, Herte/eud 1238 Pat, 1285 Ipm, Hert/eud 1262 Ass 912 m 38d. 1290 SR, 1409 Ipm, (atte) Dene 1332 SRi Denhill 1437.P'NSx), OE *Heor(o)ta feld 'open land of stags'. originally OE denn '(swine-)pasture', with the later addItIOn of 1; hill (and hurst in Danehurst nr Danehill). The modern form of the Rotherfield hd hundred name is a corruption of Rushton et Denne. S. ~f Tunbridge Wells, on the border of Kent, containing the pars of RotherfIeld', Crowborough and Frant. The hundred was appurtenant to the Danellill Horstel] hd is DenhiUe hd 1450 Pat. It is a late formation I manor of Rotherfield (Rytherefeud; the manor '" with the hundred, held Key~es i from parts of three other hundreds, containing Danehill and Horsted of the king in chipf - 1296 Ipm). (in Ristone hd 1086), Selmeston (Wandelmestrei hd) and Tamng NenlIe (Flexberge hd). Selmeston and Horsted Keynes were held b~ t.he sa.me Reredfelle hvnd' 1086 DB, Hundr' de Reresfeld, Retherefeud tenant in 1242 (Fees), which is apparently the reason for theu \DelUSIOn 1248 Ass 909A ID 21d, 33d, Hundr'm de Retherfeud', Rutheresfeud' in one hundred; v. PNSx 335. 1262 Ass 912 m 37d, 48, Hundr'm de Rytherefeud 1275 RH, 1288 Ass 926 m 12, Hundr'm de Retherfeld 1279 Ass 915 m 18, 1296. Hurler Arches or Bnrarches bd contains the par of Lindfield, origin­ 1327 SR, de Rethurfelde 1316 FA, de Rutherfeld 1332 SR. . ally in Sireat hd (1296, 1327 SR, 1316 FA). No early references to the, I Called after the royal manor of ROTlJERFIELD, the caput of the hundred, hundred have been noted. It is named from the manor of BURLEIGH ARCHE~ 8 m. SW. of Tunbridge Wells: (:et) Hryuerun felda 880--5 (c 1030) BCS in Worth, 1 m. N. of Lindfield; v. PNSx 280, 340. , 553, Ridrefelda 788, 790, 857, 960 (12) BCS 252, 259, 494, 1057, Rered/elle 1086 DB, Retheresfe1d(a) 1089, 1177 B~f, R1Jtherfeld' 1201 Cur, Rother/eld' lld 1232 Cl, Rether/eld 1239 FF, Rethere/eld' 1243, Ritthere/eld 1245 Cl Contains the pars of E. Grinstead and Forest Row. 1 Ryther/eud 1254 FP, Rether/elld, Rutrefeuil 1259 Pat, Ruthere/eld, Ruther~ Grenestede hd' 1086 DB, Grenestedehdr' 1170 P, Hundr' de i.. feud 1262 Ipm, Rotherfelld 1203 Pat, Rytherefeud 1296 Ipm Retherelleld ···•..·· 1275 Ch, Rotherefeld 1329 Cl. ' Grenestede 1248. 1262 Ass 909A m 27d, 912 ID 30d, 1316 FA, I Hundr' de Estgr~nested' 1262 Ass 912 ID 48, Hundr'm de Estgren­ OE *Hrfjpera feld 'open field (pasture) for cattle' (DE hfiper, stede 1275 RH, 1327 SR. hryper 'ox', pI. 'oxen', 'cattle'); the form from King Alfred's will Called after the borough of EAST GRINSTF.AD; Grenesteda 1121 AC, t. has an n too many. The name of the river Rother, which rises near Stephen France, Grenested 1198 (1301) Ch, Grensted 1209 F~, Grenested' Rotherfield, is a back-formation from Rotherfield, v. ERN 347. 1235, Gren(e)stede 1256 Cl, Estgrenested 1277 Pat, Estgrenstlde 1283 AD There is a place called Rotherhurst nr Rotherfield, but no early HI, Estgrinstede 1335 Ipm. forms of this name seem to be found. 'Green place' (OE grene, stede) , v. W. Grinstead, above, from which it is distinguished by East. 1 n corrected to 'D. , Some vills of Hartfield and E. Grinstead hds (Hartfield, Buckhurst. Hartfield hd Brockhurst, Brambletye) attended a hundred court at DuddlesweIl, on the On the border of Kent E. of E. Grinstead, N. of Ashdown Forest, boundary between Hartfield and Rushmonden hds (hd of Dodeleswelle containing the pars of IIartfield and Withyham. 1274 Ipm, etc.). 102 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names 103

Rape of Hastings alder copse'. The metathesis is analogous to that of the G word,' and the frequent h must be intrusive. Rap de Hastinges 1086 DB, Rapum de Hastinges 1198 P, (de) rapo de Hastinges 1207 Ch, Rapus de Hasting' 1279 Ass 917 m 1, la Rape .de Ninfield bIl Hastinges 1326 Orig, contains the hds of Hawkesborough, Foxearle, NIn­ N. of Bexhill, consisting of the pars of Ninfield, Hooe and Catsfield. field, Bexhill, Netherfield, Battle, Baldslow, Guestling, Gostrow, Goldspur, Staple, Henhurst and Shoyswell. i., Niu:enesleldhundredurn 1183, Hundredum de Niueneleld 1230 ;' P, Hundredum de Nyneleud 1248 Fees, Hundr'm de Niueneleud', it Hawkesborough hd J' Neweneleud' 1262 Ass 912 m 36, 48, Hundr' de Neweneleld' 1275 ~~,> NW. of Bexhill, bounded on the north by the Rother; co~sisting of the RH, llundr'm de Neueneleld 1279, de Nymeneleud, Nemeneleld' f' pars of Heathfield, Warbleton and Burwash (partly III Shoyswell and 1288 Ass 915 m 1, 926 m ld, 30, llundr' de Nemeneleld 1296, 1327 Henhurst hds). SR, Hundredwn de Newneleld 1316 FA, Hundr' de Neuenesleld Havochesberie hd' 1086 DB, Hauekesbergahundredum 1183 P, 1332 SU, Nimeneleld 1334 Ipm, Neneleld hd 1450 Pat. Hauekesbergh' 1248 Fees, 1262, 1279 Ass 912 m 36, 915 m 4, ~ Called after N1NFlELD, 4 m. N. of Bexhill: ?Nerewelle 1086 DB Nune­ Hauekeberg 1248 Ass 909A m 27, Hauekesberg' 1275 RH, Hauekes­ ···I··~··.'·~~'······.···: teld' (for Nime-) 1204, Nunneteld' 1244 Cl, Limimeteud' 1248 Ass 909A ID .. . 35d, Nineteld' 1253 Cl, Nirneneteld 1255 FF, Neweneteud 1262 Ass 912 ID berwe 1279 Ass 915 m 1, Hawekesberwe, Haukesberwe 1288 Ass 36, Nemeneteud 1274 Misc, Newenteld, Neueneteld 1279 Ass 915 m 5d 6d 926 m ld, 34, Haukesbergh 1296 SR, 1462 Pat, Haukesberghe 1316 ~ ~f ma~ Nimeneteud 1280 Misc, Nymenisteud 1288 Ass 926 m Id, Niueneteld 1338: FA, Hauekesbergh 1327, 1332 SR, 1335 Ipm: - 'Barrow a Nyueneteld 1340, 1345, Nyeueneteld 1349, Neuinesteld 1350, Newenteld 1355 called Haloc Cthe hawk')', from OE *Haloc pn and beorg. ba~row, Pat; Nymmesteld 1319 Cl, Nymnesteld 1324, Nymmeteld 1333, Nynneteld 'hiB' or 'hawk hill' (OE haloc 'hawk').l For the pn, whIch IS not 1338 Pat, Neynteld 1343 Mise. on i~dependent record, cf. ON llaukr, lit. 'the hawk' (ODP s. Y. Not OE (~t Dxm) genyrnenan (sic) lelda (PNSx 488), since this Hauxton). does not explain the w-forms. The first syllable was no doubt Niw- (Neow-). 1 suggest OE (~t) *Niwnll1nenan lelda 'the newlv Foxearle bd reclaimed (open) field' (cL n'iw- in OE nl1lJCUmen, 1I1wbacen, etc.); NE. of Bexhill, E. of Hailsham, containing the pars of Hers~.monceu:l:., for niman 'to reclaim' cf. PNs like Nimmings etc. (PNing 25, Ashburnham and Wartling. The hundred had the Barne extent In 1086: PNWo 280). The above form was reduced, through dissimilation Folsalre Foxer hvnd' 1086 DB, Foxerehellehulldredum (SIC) followed by contraction (> *Niwu- > *Niw-), to *Niwmen-, where 1183, Foxh~ll'hundredum (sic) 1200 P, Foxherle 1248 Fees, 1275 either 10 or m was retained. Professor Ekwall (ODP) says 'perhaps RH 1288 Ast) 926 m 30, 1296 SR, 1316 FA, 1327, 1332 SR, 1334 OE (:.et) niwan gemff!nan lelda 'the new commOn field". ! Ip~ 1429 BM, 1450 Pat, Fox(h)erl' 1262 Ass 912 m 37, 48, 1~79, Wo;(h)erl' 1279 Ass 915 m 1, 921 m 29, Foxerle 1288 Ass BexhiII hd 915 m 33d, 926 m 5d, 1539 I,P. - First el. OE lox 'fox'. For the Contains only the par of Bexhill. w-form cL PNSx p. XXVIII, and cf. Fishersgate, above. The s.econd Bexelei hvnd' 1086 DB, Beaussehundredum 1191, hundredum el. is derived in PNSx (p. 477) from OE alor 'alder" but thIS can de Bixle 1230 P, Hundr' de Bease, Bea10ese 1248 Ass 909A m 26d, ~lE hardly be correct in view of the constant -e- of the forms. 35, HUlldr'm de Bexle 1262 Ass 912 m 37d, 1296 SR (Dimid' The erle- forms suggest' that we have here a side-form of alor, hund]"), Hundr' de Byxle 1275 RH, Hundr'm de Bixel, Byxle 1279 corresponding to OHG elira, erila, MHG, G erle, from *aliza (Torp Ass 915 ID 1,7, Dimidium hundredum de Buxle 1316 FA, 1327 SR. '>6) or a collective *elre corresponding to ON elri 'alder copse' Named from BEXIIILL: Dixlea, Bexlca 775 (13) BCS 208, Bexelei 1086 ....(cf." Kluge § (5). The latter seems more probable. Hence 'foxes' DB, Byxla 1148 (1338) Ch, Bixla 1166 REE, 1180---4 (1338) Ch, Bixle 1186,

1 On the gen. of the first el. ef. Bjorkman, ESt 52. 177 H. 1 Foxerehelle- 1183 probably represents a pronunciation *Foxerele. 104 O. S. Antlerson The English Hundred-Names 105 1230 P, 1229 Ch, 1343 Mise, Bexle 1235, 124G FF, 1299 Cl, 1319 Pat., Byxle Baldslow hd 1248 FJ<" 1279 Ass 915 m 7, Buxle 1278 ~isc, 1319 Pat; Bealsa 1175 P, Biause 1227 Ch, Beause, Bease 1248 Ass !lO!lA m 26d, 35; Buxhull 1382 N. of Hastings, bounded on the north by the Brede, containing the Ipm, Byxhill 1447 Ch. pars of Crowhurst, Hollington, Westfield, Ore, and parts of St. Leonards 'Box clearing', from OE *byxe 'box-tree', a derivative of bO.T and St_ l\fary in the Castle (in Hastings). h~'nd' 'box-tree', and leah 'clearing (glade)', 'wood'; cL Zachrisson in Ba(l)deslei 1086 DB, Baldeslawe 1248 Fees, 1265 Mise, Melanges ... Vising 188 (also for the Norman spellings). 1316 ]!'A, Realdessclawe 1262 Ass 912 m 48, Raldeslowe 1262 ib m 36, 1275 RH, 1279 Ass 915 m 6, 1327, 1332 SU, 1334 Ipm, Netherfield hll 1450 Pat, 1-171 BM, Bladeslowe (sic) 1279 Ass 915 m 1, Raldes­ NW. of Battle, consisting of t.he pars of Brightling, Dallington, Pen­ louwe 1296 SR, Balslowe 1426 Pat, 1539 LP. - The name remains hurst and Mountfield. In 1086 it included, under the name of (H)ailesaltede, in BALDSLOW (hamlet), in a dominating position on the crest of also t.he district now in Battle hd (Battle and Whatlington; v. below). the ridge N. of Hastings. This is (villata de) Baldeslawe 1248 It. is usually called a 'half-hundred'. Ass 909A m 27, 1320 Mise, Baldeslouwe 1296, Baldeslowe 1327, Hailesaltede, Ailesaltede hd' 1086 DB. 1332 (all p) SR: - 'Beald's barrow or hill' from OE *Beald pn No solution can be given from these forms. The second cl. is (identical with beald 'strong', 'bold', Or a short form of names possibly OE *heallstede 'farmstead' (on which see SPN 54) with in Reald:) and hWw 'barrow', 'hill'. The same pn occurs in Bals­ dissimilatory loss of s, the first the OE pn *g;gel. dean in Rottingdean (Baldesden c 1100 etc. PNSx: 'Reald's dene'), Dimidium hundredurn de Nad'erfeld 1188, de Nederfeld' 1190 just S. of which is The Bostle: Baldeshild 1206 FF, Baldeshill' P, Dimidium hundredum de Nederfeud' 1248 Fees, Dimid' Hundr'm 1210, Baldesheld' 1212 Cur (not noticed in PNSx): 'Beald's hylde de Neddrefeud', Nadrefeud 1262 Ass 912 m 36d, 48, half hd of or slope'; both these were clearly called after the samo *Beald; Neddrefeld 1265 Mise, Dimid' Hundr' de Neddrefeld' 1275 RH, cf. Mdf 12, PNSx 501, 534, 312, ODP s. v. Balds]ow, Balsdean; Dimid' Hundr'm de Nedderfeud, Nadrefeld, Neddrefeud 1279 Ass differently (but not convincingly) Wallenberg, KPN 265. 915 m 1, 6, 33, Dimidium Hundredum de Naddrefelde 1316 FA, de Nadderfeld 1327 SR, Nederfeld hd 1450 Pat, Netherfeld Guestling hd 1539 LP. E. of Hastings. bounded E. by t.he Rother and N. by the Brede, Called after the viI. of NETHERFIELD, on high ground nr Battle (Battle containing the pars of Fairlight, Guestling, PeU, and Icklesham (with par), or rather from the same 'field' as the village: Nedrefelle 1086 DB, Winchelsea). Nedrefelde 1121-5 BM, Neddresfeld 1176 Penshurst, Nedrefeld 1200--5 G(h)estelinges hd' 1086 DB, Gestling'hundredum 1200 P, Penshurst., 1251 AD 11, Neddrefeld c 1210, Nadrefeld 1225 Penshurst, Hundredum de Gestlinge 1230 P, 1316 FA, Hundredum de Gest­ Nedrefeud 1248 Ass 909A ID 35, 1277 Ipm, Nedderfeld 1265 Mise, 1309 Cl, Nadrefeud 1271 Ch. ling' 1248 Fees, 1262 Ass 912 m 35, hllndredwn de Gesteling' 'Open space infested by adders' (OE niEdre 'adder' and feld 1249 FF, 1279 Ass 915 m 1, Hundr'm de Gessyng' 128R Ass 926 'open land' etc.). m 34d, Hundr' de Gestlyng 1332 SR. Called after GUESTLING: Gestelinges 1086 DB, c 1200 Penshurst (p), Battle hll contains the pars of Battle and Whatlington. It is identical 1281 Ch (p), Gestlinges 1176 Penshurst (p), 1197 FFP (p), 1272 FF, Grest­ wit.h the Liberty of Battle, and was t.aken out of Netherfield hd; both ling' 1197, Gestninges, Gesteleng', Gesseling' 1198 FFP (p), Gestling' 1201, hundreds are therefore called 'half-hundreds'. Battle hd is Libertas (Abbatis) 1208 Cur, 1248, 1262 Ass 909A m 27d, 912 m 35, Gystlyng 1360 BM. de Bello 1248 Ass 909A m 29d, 37d, Dimid' Hundr' (Abbatis) de Bello 1262 The base is probably OE *Gyrstlingas, which is identical with Ass 912 m 37, di' hundr' de la Batayle 1275 RH, dimidium hundr' quod the first cl. of Gestingt.horpe Ess (OE Gyrstlingaporp), of un­ t'ocatur le Bataile 1279 Ass 915 m 6, Dimid' hundr' de Bello 1296, 1327, knmvn etymology; cf. PNing 58, PNSx 508, PN.Ess 430, ODP s. v. 1332 SR. Gest.ingthorpp, GuestIing. Karlstrom (56) connects the name with OE grost, qristle 'cartilage', but if so, the meaning is obscure. : I

106 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names 10, CL also Wallenberg PNK 570, though his suggestions are hardly the hundred was named was probably near Wivelridgc (lost) in probable. Peasmarsh (cf. PNSx 532), for in 1296 Stephcn de Culspor was taxed in Hope [Hope Fm in Beckley] et Wyuelregg', and Waltcr Gostro"W lid de Golspore and Juliana de Colspur were taxed in Wyuelrug' in W. of Rye, between the Brede and the , consisting of the 1327 and 1332 SR. It is called Colleper' (sic) 1200 Cur. The first el. pars of Brede and Udimore. It corresponds to the Domesday hd of Babin­ is doubtless identical with the second el. of Turncole Ess (Turne­ rerode. tul (sic for -cul) 1248, Turnecole 1262 etc. PNEss 225), and must Babinrerode (for -inge-) /wnd' 1086 DB, Babirotehdr' 1130 P. go back to an OE form in u (*cul-). This may be identical with - Perhaps 'clearing (OE rod) of Babba's people (OE Babba pn)'. MLG kale 'hollow', 'hole', 'pit' (also 'swelling', 'lump'), MDu caze Gosetriehundredum 1200 P, Gosetre 1230 P, 1248 Ass 909A (Du kuil) 'hole', 'pit', OSw, Sw kula 'hole', 'den' (ON k11la 'swell­ m 26d, Gosetrow 1248 ib m 35, Gosetrowe 1262, 1288 Ass 912 m ing', 'lump'); cL PNEss LXI, Hellquist s. v. kula and Torp 46. 35d, 926 m 5, 1316 FA, 1332 SR, 1:134 Ipm, 1377 Pat, Gosetreu The second el. is OE spura (cf. Luick § 78) 'spur' rather than 1275 RH, 1279 Ass 915 m 6, Gosetrewe 1275 RH, 1279 Ass 915 spor 'footprint' (PNSx), on account of the numerous spure-forms. m 1, Gossetrewe 1279 Ass 917 m 5, Gysetrewe 1288 Ass 926 m Hence 'spur with (in, by) a hollow'. The topographical use of Id, Gosetreuwe 1296, Gosestrowe 1327 SR, Gostrowe 1450 Pat., spur is only recorded from 1652 in the NED, but is found earlier Gostrow 1539 LP. - Second el. OE treo'w 'tree'. The first is in Spurham Dv (Spur/lam 1244), PNDv 253. The modern form derived in PNSx (514) from a pn *Oosa, which seems to occur is due to folk-etymology. in Gossington GI (cL also Baddeley 73, ODP). This is probably correct; names in tree are often combined with pns, and 'goose­ Staple lid tree' (cf. NED ') is hardly a likely meaning. The Gose-trowe is mentioned in a document of 1362 (PNSx), and it probably stood N. of Hastings, ~n the border of Kent, W. of Goldspur hd, consisting of the pars of Northlam, Ewhurst, Bodiam and Sedlescombe. near the Hundred House (6"), at a cross-road 1 /2 m. NE. of Brede ' Stapleham (sic) hvnd' 1086 DB, Staple 1086 DB, 1296 SR, vil., which marks the hundred meeting-place. The site is on high 1450 Pat, Stapleshdr' 1130 P, Stapele 1168, 1183 (-hundredum) ground, and centrally situated for the hundred. P, 1248, 1262 Ass 909A m 26, 912 m 35d, 1275 RH, 1327, 1332 SR, Stapel' 1248, 1279 Ass 909A m 35, 915 m 5d, Stapull 1377 Goldspur lid Pat, Stapyll 1539 LP: - OE stapol 'post', 'pillar', probably one N. of Rye, in the eastern extremity of the county, bounded N. by the marking the meeting-place. This was at STAPLE Cross, a cross­ Rother and S. by the Tillingham, containing the pars of Beckley, Peas­ marsh, Iden, Playden, E. Guldeford and Broomhill. road 1 ' /2 m. S. of Ewhurst village, at the highest point in the Colespore hd' 1086 DB, Culesporehundredum 1180, Gulespor' hundred; Will. de. Staple lived here in 1296 (SR). 1230 P, Golspure, Colespore 1248 Ass 909A m 26, 35, Kulespor', Cung'spor' (sic) 1262 Ass 912 m 35, 48, Coulspor 1265 Misc, Cul­ Henhurst hd spore 1275 RH, 1290 Pat, 1296 SR, Colspore 1275 RH, 1288 Ass NW. of Hastings, W. of Staplc hd, on the border of Kent, comprising 926 m 29d, 1316 FA, 1327 SR, 1419 BM, 1450 Pat, Colspure 1279, the pars of Salehurst, Etchingham, and parts of Burwash and Hawkhurst (K). 1288 Ass 915 m 1, 926 m 6, 1332 SR, 1334 Ipm, Gulspore 1279 Henhert (sic) hvnd' 1086 DB, Henhersthundredum 1183, flerme­ hersthundredum 1188 P, Henehurst 1248, 1279 Ass 909A m 27, Ass 915 m 6, Culespore, Colespurre 1288 Ass 926 m 30, 35, Colle­ 915 m 1, 1377 Pat, Henhurst 1248, 1262 Ass 909A m 35d, 912 spore 1377 Pat, Goldspore 1539 LP. - The place from which m 48, 1265 Mise, 1316 FA, 1327, 1332 SR, Hennehurst 1262 Ass

1 The myt.hical goose-tree was a tree from which barnacle-geese were 912 m 35d, 1275 RH, Henneherst 1279 Ass 915 m 6d, llenherst believed t.o be produced. 1296 SR, 1450 Pat: - 'Wooded height frequented by wild-fowl' The English Hundred-Names 109 108 O. S. Anderson (OE henn 'hen' and hyrst 'hillock', 'wood'). A tenement of Hen­ herst, Henehurst is mentioned c 1220 Penshurst; it was by the Kent brook from which Blackbrooks in Brightling takes its name, but The number of the hundrclls of Kent is very large, only a few less the exact site is not known; v. PNSx 455. WaIter de Henhurst than those of Sussex. As in Sussex, there are great variations in area, 1194 Cur I probably lived there. some hundreds being very extensive, others such as Preston, Hayne, Ham, and the hundreds of the Wealden area, only containing one or two parishes. The last-mentioned group of hundreds, 'the Seven Hundreds of the Weald', Shoyswell hd however, must be comparatively late in origin; several of them are not In NE. Sussex on the border of Kent SE. of Tunbridge Wells, containing mentioned in Domesday, and hundreds like Marden or Tenterden were the par of Ticehurst and parts of Burwash and Etchingham. apparently originally pastures belonging to older hundreds in northern Essesu'elle, Essewelde (sic) hvnd' 1086 DB, Sowellehdr' 1168 Kent. As a rule the hundreds of western and northern Kent are larger P, Schowell' 1248, 1262 Ass 909A m 26d, 912 m 48, Sowell 1248 ib than those on the east coast. The largest of the hundreds are Eyhorne in m 27, 1265 Misc, Shouswell' 1262 Ass 912 m 36 f, Sho?Jiell' 1275 RH, mid-Kent, Axton and Codsheath in west Kent, and amI Milton S(c)howelle 1279 Ass 915 m 1, 5d, Shoeswell 1279 ib m 33, 1288 on the northern coast, the latter of which was formerly a 'lathe' in itself. The 'lathes' of Kent have been dealt with by J. E. A. Jolliffe (Prefeudal Ass 926 m 34, 1316 FA, 1327 SR, 1446 BM, 1,150 Pat, Scowelle England, 'The Jutes, 1933), who considers them to be far older t.han 1288 Ass 926 m 30, Soswelle 1296, Schoweswelle 1332 SR, Shoes­ the hundreds, and to be identical with the ancient divisions known as ge u'elle 1334 Ipm, Sh~s'well 1455 BM, Sho(e)sewell 1462 Pat, Shoys­ or regianes. Their number is at present five, Sutton at Hone, , well 1539 LP. - The name remains in that of SHOYSWELL (Manor) Scray, Shepway and SI. Augustine, but Aylesford, Scray and St. Augustine Lathes each consist of two or more old lathes. The hundreds of Kent can 1 / m. NW. of Etchingham, nr the boundary of the hundred.' ' 2 only rarely be related to physical features. A few are bounded by the This is Scouueswelle 1100-23 BM, S(h)owell' 1248 Ass 909A m North Downs or the Weald, but Eyhorne hd extends over the North Downs, 26d, 35d, Showell (p) 1275 RH, 1308 Cl, Soeswell' (p) 1279 Ass and Codsheath ext.ends on either sille of the high ground S. of . 915 m 33, S(h)oswelle (p) 1296 SR, Shoswelle 1320 Misc, Shoes­ Other hundreds are bounded by rivers, but in central Kent at any rate they are mostly located in the valleys of the and its tributaries, the welle (p) 1327 SR, now [jOUZWiJq (PNSx). In PNSx (457) the rivers flowing through the centre of the hundreds. first el. is derived from OE sceoh 'shy', 'timid' « *skeuhwa-, v. NED), and this is no doubt correct. Being a ?Jia-stem, this would be *sceow- regularly in inflected forms, whence ME sheowe (An­ Lathe of Sutton at Hone cren Riwle), the recorded OE gen. scion being a new for~ation on the nom. (differently, Sievers § 295 a. 1). The o-form IS due (In Dimidia) Lest de Sudtane 1086 DB, lathe (led) of Sudthune 1086 to a shift of accent in the diphthong (Jordan § 109 a. 2). On the DM, (ballivus) lathi de Sultan' 1210 Cur, Lestus de Suttan' 1241, LestUln t de Sutton' 1242 Fees, Lastus de Suttan' 1255, 1279 Ass 361 m 34, 371 m 54, modern spelling in -oy- (found as early as the 16th cent.), v. NED. Lastus de Suttane 1332 SR 123111; called after SUTTON AT HONE nr Dartford; Second el. OE u'iella 'spring'. The meaning of the name is not contains the hds of Somerden, Codsheath, Westerham, , and clear. Sceoh 'shy' may have been used as a pn, as suggested in Beckenham, Blackheath, Lessness, and Axton, Dartford and Wihnington. \ PNSx; another ;ossibility is to take the name to have much the same meaning as Flimwell some three miles distant (Flirnenwella Somerden hd 1210 Flemenewell 1288 PNSx 452), 'fugitives' spring'; sceoh may E. of Edenbridge in SW. Kent, bounded on the east in part by the J have' meant 'hunted', 'outcast', cf. G scheuchen 'to scare away'. Medway, containing t.he pars of Penshurst, Chiddingstone, Hever and i\ Cowden, and parts of Speldhurst and Leigh. Svrnmerdene hrnd' 1086 DB, Sumerdene 1157 P, Sumerden' iI 1 v. PNSx 450. il 1226 Ass 358 m 18, Sumerdenn' 1232 SR 1232, 1241, 1279 Ass \1 I' 360 m ld, 364 m 1, Sumerden(ne) 1241 ib m ld, 15, Somerdene

'\,\ il ill1 l'!i .'!, ill i\ ~ I! ~ 110 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names 111 1254 KF, 1279 QW, 1293 Ass 374 m 1, Sumerdene 1255 Ass 361 ~tNPh 6: 38), but OE codd means 'bag', 'sack', 'husk', and there m 37, Somerdenne 1278 Ass 371 m 1, 1327 SR 123)0, 1346 FA, IS no eVIdence for any other OB sense. The mea.ning of the el. Somerdenn 1316 FA, Somerden 1412 FA, 1450, 1471 Pat, 1473 :ontaine~ in the su:name Ham. de la Codde 1270 Ass (Wallenberg, Penshurst, 1610 Speed: - 'Pasture used in summer' (OE sumor lb. 231) IS uncertam, but it is probably a topographic use of OE 'summer' and denn 'pasture', especially 'swine-pasture'). CL names codd 'sack', which later also has the meaning 'the inmost recess like Somerton (hJ) So etc., Somerley (hd) Sx, and Somerfield K of a bay or inland sea' (NED) '; this can hardly be expectfd fre­ (Sumerfeld 1203 FF), 'summer field', 'pasture used in summer'. quently in PNs, and the gen. of the first el. of Codsheath points The meeting-place from which the hundred takes its name must to a pn. The el. hiEp « *hai!Jio) in some of the above spellings have been at SOMERDEN GREEN, on the northern bank of the Eden, has the variant form *hap « *haipa) , common in PNs in cast '/2 m. N. of Chiddingstone viI. This is Sumerden' 1218 PNK, Sx (PNSx 270, 543). (borga de) Sum [er] don' (sic) 1230 P, Sumerdenn' 1240 Ass 360 m 1d, Somerdenn' (p) 1278 Ass 369 m 1. Westerham lId A narrow strip along the border of Surrey, containing Westerham and Codsheath hd Edenbridge. Surrounds Sevenoaks, extending from the North Downs across the Qstreham hvnd' 1086 DB, hd of Hostreham 1086 DM Wester­ valley of the upper Darent to Leigh, containing the pars of Sevenoaks, ham hdr' 1168, Westerhamhdr' 1175 P, Hundr' de Westerham Sevenoaks Weald, Leigh (ptly in Somerden hd), Brasted, Sundridge, 1226, 1241 Ass 358 m 18, 360 m 2d, 1254 KF, 1316 FA. Hundr' Chevening, Riverhead, Dunton Green, Halstead, Shoreham, , Kemsing and Seal. In 1219 Fees, and 1259 Ass (362 m 11) there is mention of a bd de Westerhamm' 1232 SR 123,2, hd of Westram 1338 61 West- of Otteford (Otford). ram hd 1450 Pat. ' Hd of Codesede 1086 DM, Godehedehundredum (sic) 1179 (val'. Called after WEI;TERHA~l: Westarltam c 875 BCS 558. TVesterltam c 975 Godes-), Codeshethehundredum 1185 P, Coddeseyth', Coddeshathe, (12) BCS 1321 f., 1212 RBE, 1214 Cur, 1237 Cl, 1242 P:es, Oistreham 1086 DB, Ostreham 1086 Dtrl, Oistreham (p) 1087 Inq Aug, Westraham 1164-6 Codeshath', Coddeshegh', Coddeshag' (sic) 1226 Ass 358 m 13d, (1227) Ch, Westreham 1210 Cur, 1"237, 1281 Cl, Westerhamme 1232 SR 123/2 31, 19d, 30, Godeshath' (sic) 1230 P, Codesheth' 1241, 1255 Ass Westtram 1235 Cl, rVesteram 1255 Ass 361 m 36d, Westram 1292 Pat. ' 360 m 2d, 361 m 37d, 1327 SR 12810, C'oddesheth' 1241, 1255, 'Western homestead'. The first el. is probably OE *U'ester 1279 Ass 360 m 3, 361 m 62, 369 m 5d, Coddesheth 1241 ib m 2, 'west', a side form of ll:est corresponding to OlIG, OS westar, 1285, 1412 FA, 1471 Pat, Codeshethe 1275 RH, 1279, 1293 Ass OFris wester, ON vestr, etc.; v. ODP s. v. u'est, Westerham, and 369 m 41, 374 m 1, 1313 QW, 1346 FA, Codeshathe 1293 Ass cL Eastry, below. Second el. OE ham 'homestead'. The form in 374 m 85, Coddeshethe 1293 ib m lSd, 1316 FA, Coteshethe -hamme is probably erroneous. 1450 Pat: - 'Cad's heath'; first el. a pn *Cod(d), second el. OE Ruxley lId hiEp 'heath'. The same first el. occurs in Cotswold (Codesuualt ~E. 12) and Cutsdean Gl (Codestun 974, 987), in Codesuuella BCS A large hundred of London, N. of the North Downs, containing the pars of Bexley, Sldcup, , St. Paul's, St. Mary, Foots and 236 near Cutsdean, and in some other PNs, v. PNWo 121. The N. Cray, , Farnborough, , Hayes, W. Wickham, , quantity of the vowel is uncertain. In PNWo it is given as short, , Knockholt and , bordering on Codsheath and Axton hds and Wallenberg (PNK 52) connects the name with the stem of on the east. The present hundred-name first occurs in the 12th century, and corresponds to: OE codd 'sack' etc.; but Cooden and Codanclife nr Cooden Sx presuppose a pn *Coda with long 0 (PNSx 491), and the forms Helmestrei hvnd' 1086 DB, LElmestrou, Aelmestrui hd 1086 DM. of Cutsdean and Codesuuella may also point to a form *Cod-; This is probably OE *Helmes treaw, 'the tree of a man Helm' cf. ODP s. v. Cotswolds. Wallenberg alternatively explains the and identical with Helmes treow BCS 1213 (W), as alternativel; first el. from an OE *codd 'a rounded hill' (cL also Zachrisson, 1 For parallels cl. PPN 68 f. 112 O. S. Anrlerson The English Hundred-Names 113 suggested by Wallenberg (PNK 11). Helmpn is identical with Blackheatll hd OE helm 'ruler', or a short form of names in Helm-. The forms :,o.w forming the SE. portion of the County of Lonllon, but formerly in Ae are probably secondary. conslstmg of the towns and pars of Greenwich Woolwich Charlton next 'Yoolwich, , , Kidbrooke, Lee 'and Lewis~ Rochesleahdr' 117fi, 1186, 1191, Rokesleahundredum 1176. ham. In Domesday the hundred is called after Greenwich. 1188, Rocheleahundredwn 1176, 1190, Roeleahundredum (sic) Grenviz hvnd' 1086 DB. 1179, Rokelehdr' 1189, Rokesleghundredum 1195 P, hundredum The name is derived from that of GREENWICH: Gronewic (sic) de Rokesl' 1199 P, 1255 Ass 361 m 35d, Hundredum de Rockell' 1)18 BCS 661 (copy), Grenewic 964 France, 1121 (s. a. 1014) 1227 Fees, Hundr' de Rocket 1241. de Rokelee 1255 Ass 360 m 2, AS,C(~~ (on) Gr~na wic 1121 (s. a. 1013) ASC(E), Greenwic 1044 361 m 34d, Hundredum de Rokesle 1254 KF, 1279, 1293 Ass 369 KCD / /1, Grem.NZ 1086 DB, Grenuwic 1086 DM, Grenewic 1229, m 'il, 374 m 1, 1327 SR 12310, HundT'm de Rokesleygh' 1293 Grenewiz 1235 Pat: - 'Green farm' (OE grene 'green' and 'WiC Ass 374 m 17, Rokysley hd 1450 Pat. - The name remains in 'dwelling', 'farm', 'village'), i. e. 'farm for grazing'(?). RUXLEY, now a hamlet in North Cray, in the NE. of the hundred, Hdr' de Blachehedfeld 1166, Blachehadfeldhundredum 1185 on the main road from London to Maidstone. This is Rochelei Blakehadfeldhundreduln 1188, BlachadfeldhundreduTn 1191 Blake~ 1086 DB, Rocesleg 1086 DM, Rokeli 1199 Cur I1, Rokesle 1208 hadfeld' '1195 P, Blakehetfeuld, Blachetfeuld, Blakehetfeld 1226 1 FF (p), 1314 Cl, 1330 Ipm, Rokeslega 1212 RBE, Rockesleig' (p) Ass 358 m 16, 17, 31, Blakehatfeud 1226 ill ill 31, 1255 Ass 361 1212 Cur, Rockesle 1214 Obl, Rokel' 1215 Cl, 1255 Ass 361 m 34d, m 62, Blachatteld', Blakehatteld' 1241 Ass 360 m 1d, 15, Blacheth­ Rockell' 1226 Ass 358 m 17, Rokeslee (p) 1242 Fees:- 'Rook teld 1255 Ass 361 m 34; Blakehese (sic) 1254 KF, Blakeheth 1275 wood' (OE hrac 'rook' and leah 'clearing (glade)', 'wood'). If the RH, 1285 FA, 1327 SR 123/10, 1345 Mise, 1450 Pat, la Blakeheth s-form is original OE *Hrac pn is also a possible, though less 1275 RH, la Blakeheue 1279, la Blakehethe 1293 Ass 369 m 1d 374 likely, first eL, cf. WaIlenberg, KPN 68. m 14d, Blackhethe 1316 FA, 1378 Pat, Blakhethe 1412 FA Blak­ heth 1471 Pat: - 'Black (furzy) heath' (OE blax 'black' and hrep­ Bromley and Beckenllam lid teld 'heath', later exchanged for OE hrep 'heath'). The epithet SE. of London; contains the pars of Bromley and Beckenham. refers to the colour of the vegetation. For the -hat(h)- forms cf. Bronlei, Brvnlei hd' 1086 DB, Brunleahundredum 1180 P, COdsheath above, and for the name as a whole B1ackheath hd Sr. llundr' de Brumley 1226 Ass 358 m 31, Hundr' de Brumleg' 1232 The na~e survives in BLACKHEATH and Black Heath just S. of SR 123/2, Hundredum de Brumleg', Bromleg' 1242 P, Hundr' de , on the main road from London to Dartford Brumlegh', Bromlegh' 1241 Ass 360 m 2, 15, llundredum de Brom­ (Blakehatfeuld 1226, Blachatteld 1241 Ass 358 m 16, 360 m 2 leghe 1254 KF, 1316 FA, hd of Brumlehe 1265 Misc, Hundredum (heath called) la Blakehethe 1301 AD IIT, Blak(e)heth by Grene~ de Bromleghe et Begenham 1346 FA, hd of Bromley and Bekenam wych 1336 Pat). This must have been the meeting-place of t.he 1450 Pat. hundred. Called after BROMLEY: Bromleag 862, Bromleah c 975 (12) BCS 506, 1132, (reI,) Bromleaye 973, 10 (12) BCS 1295, 1296, 998 (12) KCD 700, Lessness lid Bromleg, Bromleag(inga mearc) 987 KCD 657, Bronlei 1086 DB, Brunlege Tham~s 1086 DM, Bromlega 1179, Brunlega (p) 1186, Brumlee (p) 1198 P, Brumlege On the .E. of Woolwieh, bounded on the E. by the eray and 1199 Cur Il, Bromlegh' 1232 Cl, Bromlegh 1236 Pat. the Earent, contammg the pars of Erith, Crayford, Plumstead (now in co. .ondon), E. Wickham, and part of Bexley. The regular early name 'Clearing (OE leah) overgrown with broom (OE bram)'. For {;If thiS hundred was Litele (etc.), Lessness being originally onlv an ~ddition the -u-forms, which are the result of the shortening of the vowel, to that name. • I cf. Jordan § 35 a. 2; the n is due to assimilation with the l. The Litelai hvnd' 1086 DB, Litelet 1086 Dl\f, Litele 1203 P, 1241, J addition of Beckenham to the hundred name is late. 1279 Ass 360 m 15, 369 m 2d, Lithlegh', Litelley 1226 Ass 358 ill 8 114 O. S. Antlerson The English Hundred-Names 115 16d, 31, Litlele(e), Litfelegh', Littele 1241 Ass 359 m 1, 3d, 360 m berg,PNK 36); the DM form is corrupt. Acca is a \vell-evidenced 1d, 3, Littel' 12421', Lytlele 1254 KF, Litlegh', Litlele,qh' 1255 Ass OE man's name (Redin 81). The site of the stone is not known. 361 m 35, 62, Lytlehe 1265 Mise, Lyttlele 1275 RH, Lyttele, Litleley, Litthele, Lyttelle 1279 Ass 369 m 2d, 3, 35d, 41, Littelehe, Litt(e)lee 1293 Ass 374 m 1, 21, 80d, Litlelee 13H Seld 24, 1316 FA, Litlee, Little 1327 SR 12310, Litlelesnes 1412 FA, hd of Lytle and Leson, Lathe of Aylesford Litle and Lesyn 1450, of Lytle and Lysyns 1471 Pat, Lesnes hd (de) AJiles/orda et de toto illo lesto quod ad illud manerium pertinet; 1610 Speed, - The hundred was no doubt named from the Lyt­ (of) .lEgles/orda and 0/ ellan pam lU!pe pe pwr to lif! c 973 (12) BCS 1321 f., lanlea of BCS 316 (A. D. 814) in the bounds of Bcxley; cL Wallen­ Lest de Ailes/ord 1086 DB, least de Ageles/ord 1087 Tnq Aug, Lestus de berg, KPN 134. This was probably N. of Bexley itself, near Wat­ Eyle/ord' 1241 Fees, Lestus de Eyles/ord 1254 KF, Lastus de Eyles/ord' 1279 Ass 371 m 8d, Lastus de Eylles/orde 1332 SR 123/11; named from ling Street, but as the landmarks of the charte~ cannot no~Y be Aylesford UT Maidstone; contains the hds of Toltingtrough, Shamwell, Hoo, identified, the exact ;;ite is unknown. The spot IS alw mentIOned Chatham and GilJingham, Larkfield, 'Vrotham, Littlefield, WashJingstone, as (borga de) Lytlehe 1279 Ass 369 m 2d. The meaning is 'small Tonbridge Lowey, Brenchley and Horsmonden, Twyford, Maidstone and clearing (glade)', from OE Wel 'small' and leah 'clearing', 'wood'. Eyhorne. Tn BCS 1321 f. there is mention of a lathe of Hollingbourne (E. of A hd of Lesennes is mentioned in 1265 .Mise (where Lytlehe hd Maidstone), which seems to have embraced part of Aylesford lathe (the large hd of Eyhorne and that of Maidstone; cf. J. E. A. Jolliffe. Pre-Feudal is also mentioned), but this may refer to the manor of Lessness England 46). . (in Erith). Othenvise this form of the hundred name.does not occur till the 15th century, as an addition to the earlIer name. ToltiJlgtrongh hll ~ ?aTTOW hundred on the Thames S. of , E. ofAxton hd, Axton, Dartford am] )Yilmington lId eontammg the pars of Gravesend, , Nurstead, and A large hundred S. of Dartford, between t?e. Thame~ and the ~orth Luddesdown, bounded on the south by the crest of the Downs. Downs, E. of Ruxley and Lessness hds, contammg ~ulhngstone, Kmgs­ Tollentreu !lund' 1086 DB, Toltentrui, Toltetrui 1086 DM down and Ash on the south, Ridley, Hartley, LongfIeld, Southfleet and ' , Totzntrohundredum 1179, TotingetrehundreduJn 1188, Totentrie- on the east, and Dartford, Wilmingt~n, Su~t~n at Hone, Farningham, Crockenhill and Eynsford on the west. The ongmal name of hundredum 1195, Totingtr' 1199 P, Totin.qtre 1226 Ass 358 m 18, the hundred was Axton, Dartford and Wilrnington (from the plac~s so Toltingtre 1226 ib m 17d, 1279 Ass 371 III 16, 1313 QW, Toltintre named) being late additions to it, but a lluflJr' de Derte/ord' is mentIOned 1241 Fees, 1255 Ass 361 m 39, 1265 Mise, 1275 RH, 1279, 1293 (exceptionally) in 1225 Cl (probably = Da,rtford manor); in 1219 Fees Ass 369 m 7, 374 m 81, 1298 Ipm, Toltentre, Totentre, Toltingdr', there is mention of a 'hundred' of Sulton (Sutton-at-Hone). Toltingtr' 1241 Ass 360 m 15, 359 m 2, 1, 3, Toltenetr' 1255 Ass Achestan Hd' 1086 DB, Clac(e)stane (sic) 1086 DM, Achestan­ 361 m 62, Toltentr' 1259 Ass 362 m 9, Toltyntr' 1275 RH, Toltyn­ hund' 1130, Akeston'hdr' 1170. Akestanhdr' 117,'), 1188, Ackestan­ fre 1279 Ass 369 ill 8, 1290 Mise, 1313 QW, 1316 FA, Toltyngtre hundredum 1185, Acstonhl1ndredwn 1191 P, Akestan 1199 P, 1293 Ass 374 m Id, 1327 SR 123/10 Hr'), Toltintroye 1315 Ipm, 1241 1279 Ass 359 m 1, 369 m 4, Acstan 1227, 1241 Fees, 1328 Toltyngtrowe 1346 FA, 1377 Cl, 1381 Pat, 1412 FA, 1471 Pat, Ipm,' Acstane 1232 SR 1232, 1254 KF, 126i) Mise, Ackestan 1241 Tolthyngtrowe 1380 Pat, Toltingtrovgh 1610 Speed. - The name Ass 359 m 3, Achestan' 1242 1', Akestane 1255, 1279, 1293 Ass remains in TOLLINGTIlOUGH Green (6"), on fairly high ground at the 361 m 35d, 369 m 3d, 374 m 22, Ackestane 1279, 1293 Ass 371 point where Northfleet, Nurstead and Cobham pars meet, 3 m. S. m 4d, 374 m 75d, Akkestan 1279, Ackestanes 1293 Ass 369 m of Gravesend. The site is at a cross-road on the eastern boundary 3d, 374 m 1; Akstalle 1255 Ass 361 ill 62, 1316 FA, 1354 lpm, of the hundreil, but as the latter is here very Barrow, it is cen­ Akstan 1355 lpm, 1391 Cl, Ackston 1394 lpm, Axstan 1471 Pat: trally situated for the whole hundred. It is called Toltingtre - 'Acca's stone', from OE Acca pn and stiin 'stone' (cL Wallen- 1226, Toltintre 1241 Ass 358 m 19, 360 m 4 (p), (high road 116 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names 117 from Cobbehambery to) Coleintre (sic; for Toltin-) 1273 AD In, known, but in 1353 (Ipm) an inquisition concerning Henhurst in Toltyntrewe (p) 1321 Cl. The first el. is very likely a pn *Tolta, Cobham was taken at Shamele, and in 1279 (Ass 369 m 15) there not otherwise recorded. This is connected by WaIlenberg (PNK is mention of a gallows (furcm) apud Sehamele in Shamwell hd. 99) with OE tealt 'unstable', tealt(r)ian 'to totter, shake, stumble', The name is from OE se(e)anlOl, se(e)amela (Lat. scamellum) etc. (Torp 160). The u-grade is not, however, otherwise evideneed 'bench', 's.tool'. In charters the word is also used in some topo­ in OE or WG (MDu, Du touteren 'to waver, totter' is the same graphical sense, such as 'ledge', 'shelf', as in German; cf. Mdf 110, as OE tealtrian and :Mod. dial. tolter is apparently from Du toute­ PNLa 69. WaIlenberg suggests (PNK 107) that we have this ren; v. NED), but seems to occur in Sw tulia 'to toddle', Norw sense here too, but it should be noted that Tendryngshameles dial. tylta 'to step softly, to tiptoe'" connected by Torp (Nyn. etym. (above p. 46) indubitably refers to benches used at the mCfltings ordb.) with ON tyllast the same. But Sw tulta is compared by of Tendring hd Ess, and that in Dill Sx (above) wc have a similar Hellquist with another group of words, viz. Sw tulta 'small girl', reference to a structure used at the meetings of the hundred, so which is related by him and Torp to Sw dial. and Norw tult that the probability is that the word has its original meaning, 'bundle' etc.; this is explained as a t-derivative of tull- in Norw and refers to benches used by the hundred court; cf. also the note tull 'flock of wool', 'lock of hair', 'bundle', Sw dial. tulla 'bundle', to Fordingbridge hd Ha. There was another Seharnele in Sitting­ Norw tulla 'to whirl', 'to fold up', 'to upset', 'to ro'Il'. The origin bourne, but the meaning in this case is doubtful; cf. also Shalms­ of these words is uncertain - they may quite well be ultimately ford (PNK 371), where seamol is probably used in its topogra­ related to tealt etc. (but cf. Torp I. c.) - so the exact meaning phical sense. of *Tolta can hardly be determined; and WaIlenberg's alterna­ tive explanation of the hundred name, as 'the tottering tree' seems Jloo hd rather far-fetched. The loss of l in some early forms is probably The peninsula between the Medway and the Thames NE. of Rochester. due to AN influence (cf. Y. Feilitzen 80), and the ing-form ana­ containing High Halstow and Hoo on the west. The hundred belonged to logical (Jordan § 176). the manor of Hoo St. Werburgh (terra de Ho cum IIundredo 1215 Cl 233b; IIoo St. Wereburge by Rochester; a moiety of the manor, including ... a moiety of the hundred of Hoo 1308 Ipm V. 13). Shnmwell hd How, Hov hvnd' 1086 DB, hd of Ho 1086 DM, Hundredurn de On the Thames between Gravesend and Rochester E. of Toltingtrough Ho 1227, 1241 Fees, 1254 KF, 1275 RH, 1293 Ass 734 m 1d, hd, bounded on the SE. by the Medway, containing the pars of Denton, Chalk, Shome, Cobham, Hailing, Cuxton, Strood Extra, Frindsbury, Higham, Hundr' de Hov 1255 Ass 361 m 38d, Hundr' de Hoo 1259 Ass Cooling and Cliffe at Hoo. The hundred belonged to the manor of Strood 362 m 9, 1316 FA, 1327 SR 123'10. (1199 Ch 3). The name is derived from that of the manOr of Hoo ST. WERBURGH, its Essamele, Essamle hd' 1086 DB, Seamele 1086 DM, Sammele­ caput: Hogh, (in) Hoge 696 (c 1200), (:et) Hoe 696---716 (12), (regio qUal hundr' 1130, Shameleh' 1157, 1168 P, Samele c 1155 TpR, 1199 vocatur) Hohg 738 (12), (:et) Ho c 975 (12), Hou, Howaran lande (12) BCS 89, 91, 159, 1132, 1321 f., Hov 1086 DB, 1159, 1168 P, How, Hou 1086 DM, Ch, 1227 Fees, 1265 Misc, 1279 Ass 369 m 41, Sameles 1185 TpR, Hou, H6 1156 P, Ho 1160, 1187 P, 1203 Ch, Howa 1177 P, Hoo 1198 (1290) Seamel 1199 P, Sehamele 1219 Fees, 1241 Ass 360 m 4, 1254 KF, Ch, 1200 Cur, Howe 1246 Cl; Sancta Wereburh de Hoo 12 ArC 44. 50! 1316 FA, Shameles, Seamel' 1226 Ass 358 m 18, 31d, Shamele 1226 OE hoh 'spur of hill'; dat. ho(e) or, analogically, hoge, whence ib m 18, 1275 RH, 1285 FA, 1327 SR 12310, 1340, 1377 Cl, 1380 ME hOwe. St. Werburgh from the dedication of the church (ArC Pat, 1412 FA, Samel' 1232 SR 1232, Shamel' 1233, 1237 Cl, 44. 50); cf. Wallenberg, KPN 36. Sehamell' 1242 P, Sehamle 1300 Ipm, Shamell 1409 BM, 1434 Ipm, 1471 Pat, Shamull 1450 Pat, Shamel 1610 Speed. - The site of 1 Most early forms do not refer specially to Boo St. Werburgh. the meeting-place, from which the hundred takes its name, is not lIS O. S. Anderson TIJC English Hundred-Names 119

Chatham and Ciillingham hd feId 1275 RH, 1334 AD HI, Lallerkefeude 1316 FA; Larkefeud On the lower Medway, consisting of thp, pars of Chatham and Gilling­ 1226, 1255, 1279 Ass 358 m 27, 361 m 58, 3f.l9 In 39, Larkefeid ham, and, detached, Grain viI. The original name was Chatham hd, which 1285 FA, 1357 Ipm, 1386, 1471 Pat: - 'Open field where larks in 1086 embraced the manors of Chatham and Gillingham, but in the 13th nest' (OE Uiferce, lii1rerce, l{Eu'eree, laurice 'lark' :md feld 'open century there appears a 'half hundred' of Gillingham, apparently identical land' etc.). The ea!'ly occurrence of the reduced form is note­ with GiIlingha.m manor, whence, by combination, the modern name. ". i I 1\ ; I Cetelzam hDnd' 1086 DB, hd of Certaham (sic) 1086 DM, worthy. The name survives in LARKFIELD (hamlet), in E. Malling, I I t~e Chetehamhundredwn 1185, hllndredwn de Chatharn 1199 P; on boundary between Ditton and E. .Malling pars 1/, m. NW. 11 Gillingham' Hundr' 1226 Ass 358 m 30, Dimidill1n hllndredum de of Dltton church, on the main road to .Maidstone. This is Lallereke­ Gillingham 1242 P; di' Hundr' de Gillingham et di' Hundr' de feId 1255 Ass 361 m 42d, Lauerkefeud' 1279 Ass 369 m 40, Larke­ i~ Chatham 1241 Ass 360 m 4d, Hundredum de Chetham 1254 KF, feUd 1293 Mise (inquisition made at), Larkefeld 1325 Mise, 1384 1275 RH, 1285 FA, 1327 SR 123/10, Hundr' de Gillingeham et Pat, 1398 AD VI, Larkefeide 1434 Cl, 14H6 AD I; Larkfeid(e) Chetham 1255 Ass 361 m 62, Hundr' de Chetham et Gillingeham 1392, 1396 Pat. The site is central for the hundred, and must 1279 Ass 369 m 9, Hundredum de Chetham et Gillingham i316 FA. have been the hundred meeting-place; it is probably referred to The origina.l name of the hundred was derived from that of CHATHAM: as 'J1!ustowe (i. e. }Iootstow) in the parish of Ditton' in 1461 (:et) Cetham 880 (12), (de, to) Cretham c 975 (12) BCS 548, 1321 f., (of) AD VI. Ceorema (mearee) 995 (12) KCD 688, Cetehum 1086 DB, Wm I (1275) Ch, Cettaham 1086 DM, Chathom 1195 P, Chot(t)hom 126.'1 Ipm. 1Vrotham hd A hybrid formation from Brit ceto- 'forest' (W coed) and OE E. of Sevenoaks: contains the pars of Wrotham, Stansted, Ightham ham 'homestead'; v. IPN 26, ODP s. v., and cL Wallenberg, KPN and Shipbourne. . 226, PNK 127 (the alternative explanations given here are hardly Broteham (sic) hvnd' 1086 DB, hd of Uurotaham 1086 Dl\f likely). The district round Chatham is still well wooded. Bundr' de Wrotham 1226, 1241 Ass 358 m 16 360 m 3d 1254' K F, 1270- RH, 1293 Ass 374 m id, hd of Wroteham." 1265 Mise Rochester City is occasionally described as a hundred: hvnd' de 1327 SR 123 10, 1471 Pat. ' Rovecestre 1086 DB, hundredum de Rouecestr' 1199 P, Hundr' de Roffa ~fter 1226 Ass 358 m 32d, 1316 FA, Hundredum Rottense 1285 FA. The Domes­ Called WROTHAM: Uurotaham 788 (12), Wrotham, Wrotehom c 975 day hundred also included Borstal and Delce on the eastern bank of the (12) BCS 203, 1321 f., Broteham 1086 DB, Wrotahom 1086 DM, Wroteham lI1edway, near Chatham. 1086 DM, 1197 P (p), 1.'114 Pat, Wrothom 1206 Cur (p) 1219 Fees (p) 1241 Pat, 1242 Cl. " First el. OE wrot 'snout', 'trunk', in some topographical sense Larkfield hd NW. of Maidstone in the valley of the !lfedway, S. of the North Downs, such as 'spur of hill', or a pn derived from this word; second el. consisting of the pars of E. and W. ~falling, Ditton, Allington, Aylesford, OE Mm 'homestead'; cL Mdf 154, PPN 26, ODP s. v. Wroot, Wrot­ Burham, Wouldham, Snodland, Leybourne, Birling, Ryarsh, Trottiscliffe, ham, Wallenberg, KPN 71, PNK 155 (partly differently). Addington and Offham. Malling borough is sometimes called a 'hundred' (Burgus de Malling' 1226 Ass 358 m HId. Tlundredum de Lorkefeud, Molling Littlefie]f] ]11] et Tu;yford' 1255 Ass 361 ID 58, Hundr' de Mallyng' sive villat[a] 1275 RH). Lavrochesfel hvnd' 1086 DB, Lallel'cefeld 1086 Dl\f, Lauerch­ A small hd W. of Maidstone, SE. of WrotlJam, consisting of the pars ?f W'. Peckham and Mereworth. In 1086 (DB) the hundred was larger, feid 1160, Lauerkefeldhundredwn 1176, Lauerkesfeidll1lndredu1n JDclU~lllg also. E. Peckham, now in Twyford hd, and apparently Hadlow, 1185, 1191, Lauerkesfeld' 1199 P, Lauerkefeuld 1227 Fees, Luuer­ now l~ Tonbndg.e Lowey. E. Peckham was in this hd also in 1254 (KF). kefeud', -feid' 1241 Ass 360 m 3d, 15, Lauerokesfeld' 1242 P Lltefelle, Ldefel hvnd' 1086 DB, Litelfeid 1086 DM, Litlefeld'­ Lauerkefelde 1254 KF, LauerekefeId, Lauerkefeld' 1255 Ass 361 hundredurn 1179 P, Litlefeld' 1219 Fees, 12,11 Ass 360 m 15d ID 42, 62, Lauerkefeld 1265 Mise, 1293 Ass 374 m 30d, La'i'eTke- LitZefeuZd 1227 Fees, Littelfeld' 1241 ]<'ees, 1279 Ass 369 m 16d: 120 O. S. Andcrson The English Hundred-Names 121 Littlefelde 1254 KF, Litlefeud' 1255 Ass 361 m 40d, Liflefeld Speldhurst. The first el. is the OE man's name *Waxel (*Wacol) 1263 Ipm, 1275 RH, 1327 SR 123,10, Littlefeld 1275 RH, 128& found in Watling Street etc. (v. Wacrescwnbe hd Gl and ODP Cl, Lutelfeld 1279 Cl, Lettefeud 1279 QW, Lyttlefeud', Lutlefeud, s. v. WatJington), if that IIad pal. C, or else a side-form with change Lytelefeud' 1293 Ass 374 m 1d, 34d, 75, Lutlefeld 1321, 1361 Cl, of suffix. Second el. OE stiin 'stone'; hence 'tlIe stone of one Lethelefeld 1331 Pat: - 'Small open space' (OE liJtel (litel) *Wrecel (*Wecel)'. Wallenberg (PNK 98) assumes the base to 'small' and feld 'open land' etc.). The exact site of the place is have been *Wacolesstane, the [tfJ-form being due to connection not known, but in 1255 Ass (361 m 40d) a woman called Agm>s with ME wecche, wacche 'watch'; but this is most improbable. de Litlefeud is mentioned in connection with W. Peckham, so The k-forms are quite naturally explained from a gen. *JVrecles-. that it is probably to be sought in that parish; cf. Wallenberg, Professor Zachrisson (StNPh 5. 61) suggests that the first cl. is PNK 158. an OE *wrecel 'hill (-spur) or (hill) nook', identical with Du wakel 'boil', but this word is of doubtful origin (= Sw vagel 'sty'?), and Washliilgstone hd no parallels are quoted for the use of the word of a hill. It is In south Kent near Tonbridge; now only consists of the pars of Speld­ true that, if represented by Weehylstone, the site is on a hill, but hurst (partly in Somerden hd), Bidborough and Ashurst SW. of Tonbridge, this hill was apparently known as Speldhurst. Cr. also Wallen­ and, detached, Pembury and Capel (part) SE. of Tonbridge, but probably berg I. c. Later (ib. 6. 29) Professor Zachrisson prefers to con­ originally included at least part of Tonbridge Lowey (Ricardus de Tone­ brige ... sua leuga DB f. 3, leucuta de Tunebrig' 1255 Ass 36~ ID ~7, etc.; nect tbe el. with Sw vak 'ice-hole' (Engl wake), a word of disputed also libertas de Tunebrig' 1241 Ass 360 m 14; hd of Tongbng (SIC) 1265 origin, assigning to it the meaning 'valley', 'hollow', but, apart Misc, Bundr' de Thonebregge 1327 SR 123/10), which separates its two from other considerations this does not suit the local conditions. portions; cf. VHK Ill. 190 f. The hundred is often called a 'half-hundred' The change of [tfJ > [fJ in the hundred name is apparently (1241, 1255 Ass, etc.). quite late. Wachelestan hvnd' 1086 DB, Wakelistanhdr' 1175 P, Wechele­ stan 1226, 1241, 1255, 1271 Ass 358 m 19d, 360 m 15d, 361 m BrencbJc)' and Horsmonden hd 40, 364 m 2, 1275 RH, Wecchelestan 1226, 1241 Ass 358 m 26d, 360 m 4d, Wecchestan, Wechelstan' 1226 ib m 18, 30, Whechele­ SE. of Tonbridge, on the border of Sussex, bounded on the east by the Teise, containing the pars of Brenchley, Horsmonden and Lamberhurst. ston' 1241 ib m lld, Wechelestone 1254 KF, Wechestane, Wechle­ The original name was Brenchley, Horsmonden being a late addition. stan, Wecheleton' (sic) 1255 Ass 361 m 39d, 62 f., Wecheleston Brenchesleahundredum 1188 P, Hundr' de Brencheslegh' 1226 1263 Ipm, 1286, 1295 Cl, Wechelstan 1271, 1293 Ass 364 m 2, Ass 358 m 19, Hundr' de Brenchesl' 1232 SR 123 2, 1241 Ass 360 374 m 32, Wehccelston', JYecheleston', Wecchelstan', Wecchele­ m 5, de Brenchel' 1241 ib m 15d, Hundredum de Brancesl' 1242 P, ston' 1275 RH, Wacheleston 1275 RH, 1331, 1361 Ipm, Wechel­ Bundredurn de Brencheleghe 1254 KF, Hundr' de Brenchelee, stane, Wechelstone, Wacchelston' 1279 Ass 369 m 35d, 371 m Brencheslegh' 1255 Ass 361 m 39, 62, hd of Brencheslee 1265 Mise, 47d, 56d, Wachelestan 1279 Cl, 1313 QW, Weccheleston 1285 Pat, Bundr' de Brenchesle 1275 RH, 1316 FA, 1327 SR 12310. Weclestane 1293 Ass 374 m 2d, Wltecleston 1295 Cl, Wacclestone Called after BRENCHLEY, 6 m. NE. of Tunbridge Wells: Braencesle c 1100 1317, Weclestan 1321 Fine, JFecchelstane, Wecclestane 1327 SR Wallenberg, Brencheslega (p) 1185 P, Brenchesle 1206 FF, c 1210 Bodl, 12310, Wachelstane 1346, Waychelston, Wacchelston 1412 FA, 1242 Fees, 1263 Ipm, Bruncheslegh' 1230 Cl, Branchelee 1255 Ass 361 m 39, Wachelyngstone 1471, Watchelyngstone 1550 Pat, Watchlingston Bryncheslee 1315 Ch, Brynkesle 1356 Black Prince. 'Brenci's clearing', from an OE *Brrenci, *Brenci pn 1 and al. Leifeild Wattchelington c 1600 BM, Watlingston 1610 Speed.

The name survives in \VECHYLSTONE t (6"), now a house in 1 Brenci occurs in the Bodmin Manumissions (Forster in A Gram­ matical Miscellany offered to O. Jespersen, p. 95), though this is possibly 1 Not on earlier editions of the 6" map. a Celtic name.

>-,., -'---~ - _.. _". t

122 O. S. Anderson The English lIundrell~Names 12:l

leak 'clearing (glade)', 'wood'; cf. Branch hd W, ODP s. v. Brench­ Fees, Hundr' de Maydenf; '. 1, 1255 Ass 360 m 5, 361 m ley, and Wallenberg, PNK 44. Alternatively Wallcnherg suggests 410, Hundredwn de Mayde,' KF, 1327 SR 123/10, Hundr' tha t the first el. is an OE *Brencp., related to brink and Da brank de Maydenstan 1259 As!> 9d., 1316 FA, lHadestnn hd 'steep'.' But this formation (presumably a ja-stem) seems rather 1450 Pat. questionable, and the regular gen. form points to a pn. The Oalled af1.er MAIDSTONE, or after the stone from which the town derives a-forms are the result of i-mutation of a before a nasal in the its name: (de) MCEides stana, (to) 11JCEgpan stane c 975 (12) BOS 1321 f., Kentish dialect. ,'leddcstane 1086 DB, Mae!/destane, Medestane, Meidesta.ne, Jl!CEidestuM 108~ IH1, Maidenes stun 1168 P, Mayrlenestan' 1205 Oh, 1233, 1239 Cl, Mmdenestan 1212 Our (p), 1241 Pat, Maidenestan' 1231 Cl, ,llaidestan 1232 Tw)'f"ord hd Cl, 1258 Ipm, Meidestan', -ston' 1241, Meydnesta.n', Meynestan' 1250. In the valley of the lIfedway, SW. of Maidstone and N. of Brenchley hd, Meidenestan' 1251 Cl; ,llaydenstan 1241 Ass 360 m 5, 1294 Pat, Madesta~ consisting of the pars of Yalding, Hunton, W. Farleigh, Te8tuD, Watering­ 1273 Pat, Maydestone 1280 Mise. bury, Nettlestead; and E Peckham, fonnerly in Littlefield hd. It is bounded The OE forms do not g-ive a clear meaning, but as in the later on the north by the ridge W. of lIfaidstone, which separates it from forms the first cl. is persistently associat.ed with the word maiden, Larkfield bd. the meaning was probably 'the maidens' stone', the correct OE Tviferde hvnd' 1086 DB, Ttwiuerd' (sic) 1160, Twiuerd' 1161, form being *~1ceg(e)pa stan, where mreg(e)p was exchanged. for Tuifeldhundredum (sic) 1185, 1188, Twiferdehundredum 1195 P, its diminutive, maiden; cf. ODP s. v., Wallenberg, PNK 140. Twyferd, Twiferd, ThvYferd', Twifeuld (sic) 1226 Ass 358 m 2, vVallenberg alternatively suggests the meaning 'the people's stone', IS, 30, lld, Twyferd' 1241, 1255, 1250, 1279, 1293 Ass 360 m (OE *M(£gpestiin), but the early forms do not support this. For 4d, 361 m 41, 362 m 9, 369 m Hi, 374 m 72, Twiferd', Twyfeld' the meaning, cf. Maidford (above p. 81). 1241 Ass 360 m 15, 359 m 2, Twyferde 1254 KF, 1293 Ass 374 m :31. Twifp.rde 1327 SR 123,10; Twiford' 1242 P, TWYford' 1255 R)'horne hd Ass :~61 m 58, Tuyforde 1279 Ass 369 m 41, Twyford 1279 ib m A very large hd .E. of Maidstone, extending over the North Downs and Wd. 1316 FA, 1471 Pat, 1G1O Speed: - OE twifyrde 'double t~e valley of the Len to the Beult. It. contains the pars of Stoekbury, ford'; cf. Twiferde hd GI. The ford was at the junction of the Blcknor, Wormshill, Frinsted, IYichljng and Otterden on the north, Lenharn Medway and the Teise, 1!2 m. SW. of Yalding church, in the exact and Boughton Malherbe on the east, Headcorn, Sutton Valence and Chart centrE' of the hundred; here the name remains in TWYFORD BRlDGE Sutton on the south, and on the we"t Boughton Monchelsea, Otham, Bearsted :md Thurnham. (fj"l: Twyferd' 1255 Ass 361 ID 41, Twyferde 1322 BOdl, (bridge Haiborne (sic), Aihorde, lfaihorne Mnd' 1086 DB, Haihorna 1086 of) Twiferde 1325 Mise, T~Dyferd 1352, Twyford 1348 Bodl. DM, Huihornhdr' 1168, Aihornehundredurn 1179, Aihornhundre­ Maidstone hd dwn 1185, Heihohundredum 1195, Eithnrn 1199, Heithorn 1200 P, Eyhorn' 1219 Fees, Eyhorn 1227 FeeiO, 1241 Ass 360 m 5, 1350 Pat, N. and S. of Maidstone, boundell on the north by the Downs, and on the south by the Beult, containing- the pars of Maidstone, Detling, Boxley, Haythorne, Aythorn', Hayhorne 1255, Eythorn 1258 Ass 361 m 43, E. and W. Banning, E. Farleigh, Loose and Linton: 44, 51,362 m 8, Ayhorne 1251) ib m 57, 1279 Ass 309 m 13d, 1471 Med(d)estan hrnd' 1086 DB, hd of lrfaedestane 1086 DM, Pat, Heyhorne 1274 Mise, 1293 QW, Eyhorlle 1275 RH, 1316 FA, Maidestanhdr' 1160, 1176, 1188, .Maidenestanhundreduln 1177, 1327 SR 123/10, 1341, 1359, 1392 Pat, 1412 FA, 1610 Speed. _ 1179, Hundredum de Meidestan' 1195 P, Hundredum de Maide­ The meeting-place of the hundred must have been at EYHORKE

1/ stan' 1199 P, 1226 Ass 358 m 18d, hundredum de Maidestane 1219 Street near the main road from Maidstone to Lenham, 2 mile SW. of Hollingbourne, which is central for the hundred'- Wallen­

1 The Danish word i~ doubtful: perhaps a. form of brant, influenced berg (KPN 101, PNK 218) is evidently right in deriving the name by brink. from OE h(£g!Jorn 'hawthorn', the loss of H-, and h for th being ,

The English Hundred-Names 125 124 O. S. Antlerson 1I1iltOD hll 1 due to Norman influence; cf. Witbrictesherna hd Ess and early On the Medway, round and , extending west­ forms of Aswardhurn hd Li; also Wiham for Witbam (Ess), Gra­ wards as far as Upehurch and Rainham, southwards as far as , ham for Grantham (Li); and ANlnfl 88 f. Rorden, Brcdgar and Milsted, and eastwards as far as Kingsdown, Rod­ mersham, and Tonge (inclusive). The Isle of Sheppey is now a separate Liberty. The hundred belonged to the manor of Milton (manerium Lathe of Scray de Middelton' cum hundredo 1199 P; also 1249 Cl, 1259 Pat, etc.). Middeltvn, Mildetone hel' 1086 DB, hundredum de jl-fiddel­ Wiuuartlest, Lest de Wiwarlet 1086 DB, Wiwarleth, Wiuuarlaed 1086 tone 1087 Inq Aug, 1254 KF, Hundr' de Middeltona 1130, Middel­ DM, Wiwarelest 1087 Inq Aug; Lestus de Schrewynghop' 1241, Lestum de tonahundredum 1179 P, Hundredwn de Midelton' 1196 CurP, 1219 Srawinghope 1242 Fees, Scrawynghope 1254 KF, 1312 Fine, Shrewinghop' Fees, 1255 Ass 361 m 63 (Hundr' Regis), hundredwn de Middel­ 1255, 1259 Ass 361 m 1, 362 m 11, SchrewenllOpe, Schreweshope 1255 ib m ton' 1199 P, 1206 Cur, 1227, 1241 Fees, 1256 Cl, 1327 SR 12310. I 48, 62d, Scrawinghope 1275 RH, 1316 FA, Schrawingehope, Schrewynghope 1279 Ass 371 m 20, 55; Lastus de Shrewynghope 1314 Seld 24; Scra 1327 Called after the royal manor of MILTON REGIS, the caput of the hundred SR 123/10: - OE *Screa'wena hop(e) 'valley infested by shrew-mice' (OE (cf. above): (ret) liJiddeltune 893 ASC(A), (to) Middeltune pres cynges 1121 SCreU1JJa 'shrew-mouse' and hop, on which see ODP). In later use (NED (s. a. 10(2) ASC(E), Middeltvne, Milde(n)tone 1086 DB, Middeltune 1086 DM, c 12(0) shrew also means 'a rascal, villain', but whether this sense is to be Middeltun' i156 P, Mideltone 1166 RBE, li1iddelton' 1177, 1187 P, 1206 Cur, assumed here is doubtful. It might possibly refer to delinquents sentenced 1235 Cl, J1iddleton 1254 Ipm, 111iddilton' 125\1 Cl, Milton 1381 Ipm. at the lathe court, though this does not seem particularly probable; cf. also 'Middle homestead' (OE middel 'middle' (cf, ODP p. XIII) Wallenberg's discussion, PNK 241 f., though his conclusions do not seem and tiln'). to me acceptable. The regular i1tg-form is analogical (cf. the 1255 forms, also Srewenhop 1278 Wallenberg); the form Scra(y) is merely an abbreviated Marden hd, including the par of Marden, and parts of Goudhurst and form. According to Wallenberg there is mention in 1278 Ass of one Math. Staplehurst, is in the Weald NW. of Cranbrook, but was in its origin a de SChere1JJynghop' in connection with Chilham (Felborough hd), which pasture belonging to Milton Regis, just as Tenterden (hd) was a pasture makes it probable that the meeting-place of the lathe, from which it derives belonging to Minster etc.; cf. Jolliffe, op. cit. 57 f. In 1241 (Ass 360 its name, was near Chilham. ID 6) the hd of Marden ([fundI" de Meredenne) is stated to do suit The Domesday name means 'the lathe of the men of Wye' (OE *Wed-, at the hd of Milton (Midilton'); in 1259 (ib 362 m 14d) Marden hd *Wiware; cf. Weowera wealde, Wiwarawic BCS 141, 496); Lest was added iB said to be a member of Milton (Hundr' de Merden, menbrum de Middel­ a second time in some forms, the Buffix -(le)t being the variant form, OE ton'); and in 1275 (RH) it is said to belong to Milton hd (hundr' de Merdenn lrep, which has given Mod. lathe. The southern portion of the modern lathe, ... pertinens ad hundr' de Middeltun). Further references are Hundredum the hundreds of Blackbourne, Tenterden, , Selbrittenden, E. de Meredenrt' 1227 Fees, 1232 SR 123/2, Hundredum de Me"edene 1242 P, Barnfield, Cranbrook and Barclay, was known as 'the Seven Hundreds of (utrumque) hundredum de Midelton' et de Mereden' 1252 Cl. Hundr'm de the Weald' (Septem Hundreda de Waldis 1241 Fees, Septem Hundreda de Merdenn', Merenden' 1255 Ass 361 m 56d, 63, hd of 1IJereden~e 1265 Mise, Waldis infra Lestum de Shrewinghop' 1259 Ass 362 m 11, Septem Hundreda Hundredum de Merdenn 1316 FA. It i" named from MARDEN (Maeredaen in balliua de Casingham ' 1254 KF). The remaining hundreds of the lathe 1086 DM, Meredenna 1166 P (p), ....Jereden 1218 Pat, Meredenn' 1227 Fees, are Chart and Longbridge, Calehill. Wye, Felborough, Boughton under Mereden' 1232, 1235 Cl). Professor EkwalI interprets 'pasture for mares' Blean, Faversham, , Milton and Marden, but Milton (with Marden) (OE miere, mere 'mare' and denn 'pasture' (ODP». Another possibility is was formerly a lathe in itself (in Dimidio Lest\,'t":Jpltone 1086 DB). to take the name to be from OE gemrere (OK -mere) 'border' and denn Marden was later reckoned with 'the Seven' "',',he Weald', (cf. Wallenberg, PNK 314). Viewed from Milton, Marden is on the Sussex making them eight (Ass 360 m 1). border.

Teynham hd , Cf. - 'Sciatis quod concessimus Willelmo de Casingeham septem hundreda de 'Valdis, et Dennos, que pertinent ad manerium nostrum de A small, narrow hundred W. of FaYersham, containing the pars of Middelton (Milton Regis) -' 1217 Pat. Will. de Casingeham came from Teynham, and Doddington. According to Jolliffe (Hist. Ess. in Honour of J. Tait 156) the hundred is coincident with the archiepiscopal Kensham in Rolvenden. manor of Teynham; cf. also DM 256 b.

~ I 126 O. S. An OE ~'t(£ter). m 12d, hd at Teneharn 1471 Pat. This is doubtful; at any rate the immediate base is no doubt a Called after TEYNHAM nr Faversham: Teneham (var. Tenaham) 798 (13), Tenham 801 (13) RCS 291, 301. Taenham, Taeneham, Teneham 1086 DM, pn. Second el. OE hiim 'homestead'; cf. Wallenberg, KPN 117 Tenharn 1086 DM, 1139-----47 BM, 1228 CL 1230 Pat, 1233 Lib, 1254 KF, 1255 and reference. Fauresteld 1154 ASC seems to refer to Faversham. Ass 361 m 49d, 1259 Ch, Tenham 1168 P, 1205 Ch, 1222 Cl, Tenham' 1202 Cur. 1261 Cl. Theneham 1205 Obl, Thenam 1230 Pap, Teneham 1270, 1314 Pat. Boughton muler Blenn hll 'The fi;st el. is derived by Professor Ekwall (ODP) from an OE pn *Tena « *TiJna), a short form of names in Tun-. Wallen­ A small hundrcd E. of Faversham, consisting of the pars of Boughton undcr Blean, Selling, an

, J I 128 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names 129 Ass 369 m 19d, 371 m 24d, Falybergh', Fallebergh', Fellebergh', Calehelle, Calehew (sie) hrnd' 1086 DB, Calehela, -hele 1086 Feleberewe 1293 Ass 31'1 m 1, 80, 81, Feleberge 1316 FA, Fel­ D1f, Calehill'hdr' 1175, Kalehullahllndredum 1176, Calehullehun­ bergh 1346, 1412 FA, 1450, 1471 Pat, Felbarogh 14GO Pat, Fel­ dredurn 1179 P, Calehull' 1226, 1241, 1255 Ass 358 ID 19d, 360 ID brough 1610 Speed. - The name remains in FELBOHOUGH Wood 6,361 m 51,1240 Cl, Calehulle 1254 KF, 1279 Ass 369 ID 17d, 1327 (6"), on a ~pur of the North Downs above the Stour, a mile SW. SR 12310, Kalehulle 1254 KF, Calehill' 1255 Ass 361 ID 62d, Kale­ lil! of Chilham church; this must be the hundred meeting-place. Wydo hell 1265 Mise, Kalehulle 127G RH, Kalehull', Kaluhull', Kalehell' and Robcrt de Felebergh' lived here in 1327 (SR 123 10 m 30d, 1279 Ass 369 ID 5d, 18d, 41d, Calehull 1314 Seld 24, 1316 FA, Cal­ sub Chilham). The first el. is hardly OE tealu 'pale yellO\v' hulle 1346 FA, Calhelle 1386, Calehill 1471 Pat. - Named from (Wallcnberg, PNK 368), which has the dat. fealwan/ but rather CALEHILL (now a seat) nr Little Chart~ in the centre of the hundred OE tell! 'fallow land', found in Felpham Sx; cf. ODP s. v. fealg (Calehill' 1255 Ass 361 ID 51d, Calehill n. d. AD Il, Calhull 1327, and Fawley hd Ha, and note the Fali-forms. Second el. OE bearg Calehilhathe (i. e. 'heath') 1453 Ch). The house stands on a spur 'hill', 'barrow'; hence 'fallow hill'. The r-forms are probably to of land north of the Great Stour. The meaning is 'bare hill' (OE be explained through AN influence. caln 'bare', 'bald', 'callow' and hyll); cf. Wallenberg, PNK 387. There is little trace of the normally inflected form, OE cal(e)wan. Wye hll NE. of Ashford, on the upper Stour surrounding Wye, containing also Chart and Longbrillge hd the pars of Crumble, Boughton Aluph, EastweJl and part of Brook. Surronnds Ashford, containing t.he pars of Ashford, Kennington, Hinx­ lVi, lVit h1md' 1086 DB, Wihdr' 1175, 1176, Wihhundredum hill, Willesborough, Mersham, Sevington, Kingsnorth, Gt. Chart, Hothfield, 1195 Hundredurn de Wi 1199 P, hundredu?n de Wy 1219, 1227, Bethersden and part of Brook (detached). The modern hundred is composed 1241 , Fees, 1254 KF, 1327 SR 123,10, Hundredu?n de JJ! yth'2 of the two old hds of Cert and Langebrige, the latter containing its eastern portion, E. of A~hford (inclusive), the former its western portion. 1255, 1259 Ass 361 m 48, 362 m 12d, Hundredurn de Wye I 1316 FA. Cert hvnd' 1086 DB, hd at Cert 1086 DM, Cherthdr' 1160, ,1····"1· Called after WYE: Weo(wera weald) 724 (15), (villa regalis qu:e 1180 P, Hundr' de Chert 1226, 1241 Ass 358 m 20, 360 m 5d, nominatur) Wyth 762 (15), (villa regia an') Uuire 839, (on) Vuere, Uueo 1242 P, 1254 KF, 1327 SR 123 10, Hundr' de Chart 1279 Ass (wera get) 845, (an) Wi(warawic), (to) Wii 858 BCS 141, 191, 426, 449, 496, (on) Wii 1043 Thorpe 350, Wi 1075--87 (1312) Ch, 1086 DB, 1087 Inq Aug, 369 ID 39d, !fundr' de Cfterth' 1293 Ass 374 III 1, Ilundredum de Wy 1086 DM, 1251 Cl, 1252 AD Ill, Wych 1255 Ass 361 ill 48. Magna Charte 1316 FA. OE 1clg, weah 'idol', in an earlier sense 'place of worship'; Called after GREAT CHART': Cert 762 (15), c 830, 839 (13), 843 (regio), v. Ekwall, AB 36. 282, ODP s. v. Wye~ Wallenberg, PNK 384 858 BCS 191, 404, 427, 442, 496, Ceart 1006 (13), (:et) Cert 1044 KCD 715, 773, Certh 1086 DB, Cert 1086 D~, Chert 1226 Ass 358 m 20. Maglla Chert and note. e 13, Gmuntchert 1326, Mochil Chart 1439 BM, Mochelchert 1397 Ipm. OE ceart 'rough common', on which cf. ODP s. v. Chart. Calehill lHl NW. of Ashford, bounded on the NE. by the North Downs, consisting Langebrige hvnd' 1086 DB, 1086 DM, Langebmg', Lange­ of the pars of Charing, Westwell, Little Chart, Pluckley, Egerton and bregg' 1226 Ass 358 m 20d, Langebrigge 1241 Fees, 1275 RH, Smarden. Langebregge 1254 KF, 1316 FA, 1327 SR 12310, 1450 Pat, Lange­ bri(g)g' 1255, -breg' 1259 Ass 36 t ID 48, 62d, 362 m 12, Langebreg 1 It may be noted that in view of CalehiJI, below, the absence. of 1265 Mise, Langebrigg' 1275 RIl, Longebrygg', Langhebreg' 1279 w·forms in itseJl is perhaps not decisive, but the i-forms also, whICh probably represent *Felih-, point to felh, and fealll would give Fal-. 1 In DM the hundred is said to be identical with Chart (Ipsum est • Or Wych'. hllndredum) (VHK Ill. 180 n). 9 \

130 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names 131

Ass 369 ID 20d, 39d, Longbregge 1412 FA, 1471 Pat, Longebrygge 123,'10, Badekele 1346 FA, Badekelegh 1850 Pat, Barkley 1572 D, 1450 Pat. - Called after LONGBRIDGE BRlDGE (6"), about a mile E­ Barkeley 1610 Speed: - 'Beadeca's clearing' (OE Beadeca pn of Ashford, where the road from Kennington to Willesborough (Hedin 157) and leah 'clearing (glade)', 'wood'). In 1255 (Ass crosses the Great StoUT. This is '"angebrugg' 1241 Ass 360 m 5d, 361 ill 44) there is mention of a person imprisoned apud Badeke­ Lang(g)ebregg' c 1250 BB, (pons de) Longebregg' 1293 Ass 374 m legh', but the place is otherwise unknown. Wallenberg's sugges­ 66; and it must have been the hundred meeting-place. The meaning tion (PNK 331) that it is identical with Birchley in Biddenden is 'long bridge', from OE lang 'long' and brycg 'bridge'. cannot be correct.

BlackbOllrne hll Crallbrook hd In the Weald SW. of Ashford, consisting of the pars of Woodchurch, In the Weald, around Cranbrook and Goudhurst, containing also the Shadoxhurst, High Halden, Kenardington and Appledore. pars of Staplehurst (part) and Frittenden. Blacheborn(e), Blacheburne hd' 1086 DB, Blakebourne 1087InC) Hunclr' de Cranesbrock, -broc 1226 Ass 358 ID 21, 32, Hundr' Aug, 1254 KF, 1327 SR 123;10, 1346 FA, Blachelmrnahdr' 1160, de Cranebro(c)k', -broc 1241 Ass 360 m 1, 15d, Hllndredum de I I Blakeburn'hundredum 1176, Blakeburnehundredum 1179, Blache­ Cranebroke 1~54 KF, 1316 FA, 1327 SR 12310, hundr' de Krane­ burn'hundredum 1185 P, Blakeburn' 1226, 1241, 1255, 1259, 1279, brok' 1255 Ass 361 ID 44, Hundredum de Cranebrok 1346 FA. 1293 Ass 358 m 20d, 360 m 1,361 m 45, 362 m 11,369 m 22, 374 m Called after CRANBROOK: Cranebroca 1086 Dl'iI, Cranebroc 1226 Ass 358 1, Blakeburne 1255 ib m 62d, 1275 EH, Blackburne 1316 FA, Blak­ ID 21, 1231 Pat, Cranebrok' 1232 SR 123/2, Cranebrok c 1250 BB, 1260 Pap, borne 1471 Pat. - A place called Blakeburn' 1242 Fees, Blake­ 1270 Pat, 1290 Ch. bourne 1346 FA once existed in this hundred, and is associated with Originally the name of the stream on which the town stands Townland Fm near Woodchurch village (KPN 171): a Simon de (the Crane; v. ERN 102). The meaning is 'crane stream' (OE cran Blakeburn' is mentioned under this hundred in 1241 (Ass 360 m 1), 'crane' and brac 'stream', 'marsh'). and in 1327 (SR) a Johannes de Blakebourne was taxed in Apple­ dore. The name means 'black stream' (OE bla?c 'black' and burna East Barllfield hd 'stream'), and may originally have denoted the brook which rises On the border of Sussex, consisting merely of the par of Hawkhurst.. E. of Woodchurch and flows past Appledore, forming for some Originally t.he hundred consisted of two halves, E. Barnfield in the 'Seven Hundreds of the Weald', containing Hawkhurst, and W. Barnfield in Ayles~ distance the bound3ry of the hundred, though the name does not ford Lathe, containing the southern part of Goudhurst (Chingley), no~v ill remain. The exaet site of the meeting-place is lost, but may have Cranbrook hd; v. KF 223 f., FA Ill. 15, 18. been near Shirley Fm ('shire lea', el. Wallenbcrg, PNK :167) just Dimidium hundredum de Bernefeldhundredo 1179 P, Hundr" W. of the brook, which may represent the meeting-place of the sur­ de Bernefeld, Dim' Hundr' de Be1'1lesfeuld (quod pertinet ad VII rounding district. Blakeburneham 833 BCS 407 (btc copy) is iden­ Hundr') 1226 Ass 358 ID 19d, 21, Dimid' Hundr' de Bernefeld', de tified by Birch with this Blackbourne; this is probably correct. Bernefeud' 1241 Ass 360 m 1, 4d, Dimidium Hundredllm de Berne­ felde 1254 KF (2), Dimidium Hundr' de Bernnefeld, de Bernefeud Barclar hd 1255 Ass 361 m 39d, 44d, Dimid' Hundr' de Bernefeld 1275 RH, Consists only of the par of Biddenden, E. of Cranbrook. 1316 FA, Dimidium Hundr'm de Bernefeud, de West Bernefeld' Badekeslegahundredum 1176, Badekeleahundredum 1179 P, 1293 Ass 374 m 1d, 35d, Hundr' de Bernefeld, de Westbernefeld Badekesleg' 1226 Ass 358 m 21, Badekelegh' 1241, 12fi5, 1279, 1293 1327 SR, Dimidium hundTeduln de Bumefelde 1316 FA, Berne­ Ass 360 m 15d, 361 m 44,369 m 22d, 374 m Id, Badekeleghe 125·1 fylde 1471, Barnefeld, Westbarnefelde 1550 Pat" Great Barnfield KF, Badekeley 1275 RH, Badekeleye 1279, 1293 Ass 369 m 41d, hd 1572 D, Great, Litle Barn(e)feld hun. 1610 Speed. - This has 374 m 75, 1330 Fine, Bardekeleghe 1316 FA, Badkelegh' 1327 SR been identified with the place called Birenefeld where the trans- 132 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names 133 action recorded in BCS 507 was made (cf. Wallenberg, PNK 335), Rovinden(e) hvnd' 1086 DB, Ruluindon'hdr' (sic) 1189 P, but none of the .ME forms point to this base, and the whereabouts Hundr' de Rulfindenn', Rulvenden' 1226 Ass 358 m 21, 32, Hundr' of Bireneteld is otherwise undetermined. Wallenberg alternatively de Ruluyndenn' 1241 Ass 360 m 1, Dirnidium Hundredum de snggests 'barn field' (OE ber(er)n 'barn' and teld); this is formally Roluyndenne· 1254 KF, 1327 SR 123 10 (Hundr'), Hundr' de unexceptionable, but Professor Ekwall would prefer to take the Ruuelinden', Rulundenn', Ruluenden', Roluinden' 1255 Ass 361 first el. to be OE byrgen (K bergen) 'tumulus', 'burial-mound', m 44(d), 45, 62d, Hundr'm de Rulwynden' 1279, de Rultyndenn' which occurs in Hebburn Du and other PNs, and gives a more 1293 Ass 369 m 41d, 374 m Id, Hundredllm de Rolvyndenn pregnant meaning. Hence 'field with a burial-mound or burial­ 1316 FA. mounds'. The name survives in BAR!'FlELD vVood, 1 m. E. of Called after ROLVENDEN: Ruluindaenne 1086 DM, Ruluinden' (p) 1185 P, Hawkhurst (6"), which must be near the hundred meeting-place. Rulvinden' 1230 Cl, Ruluindenn' 1241 Ass 360 m 1, Rolvindenn' 1242 Fees, Rulunden', Ruluenden', Ruluyndenn' (p) 1255 Ass 361 m 44<1, 62d, Rul­ winden' (p) 1279 Ass 369 m 21d; Rulvyngdon 1275 Cl, Rolvyndenne, Rol­ Selbrittenden br1 vyngedenn 1290, Rollindene 1295 Pat, Rolvyngden 1301 Cl, Rulvyngdenne On the Sussex border, SE. of Cranbrook, consisting of Sandhurst and 1347, Rolvyngdenne 1349 Pat. . A 'hundred' of Newenden is also occasionally mentioned OE *Hropwultingadenn 'the swine-pasture (OE denn) of the (Hundr' de Nywindenn 1275 RH, Newenton hd 1392 Ipm). people of Hropwult'; cf. Wallenberg, PNK 350, Ekwall, ODP s. v. Selebrist hvnd' 1086 DB, Selebrichtindcene 1086 D.M, Seber­ tingden' 1226 Ass 358 m 21, Selbritindenn', Selbrightendenn' 1241 Tenterden hd Ass 360 m 1, 15d, Schelbrichtesdenne 1254 KF, Shelbrightesdn', In the Weald of Kent, consisting of the pars of Tenterden and Ebony Seltbrithesden', Selbrithesden', Seltbrytesden', Shelbrichtenden' (part). 1255 Ass 361 m 42, 44(d), 62d, Sebrightindene, Selbrightindene Tendwardenehundredum 1195 P, Hundr' de Tenwordenn', Tent­ 1259 Ass 362 m lOd, lld, Selebryhttinden, Selebrychtindenn 1275 warden' 1226 Ass 358 ill 20d, Hundr' de Tentewardenne, Tentwar­ RH, Selebrithinden', Selbriptynden', Sebrycctynden 1279 Ass 369 denn' 1241 Ass 360 m 1, 15d, Hundr'm de Tendwarden', Thend­ m 21d, 22d, 41d, Selbrytyndenn', Selbry.qhtyndenn' 1293 Ass 374 wardenn' 1255 Ass 361 m 44d, 45, Hundredum de Tenturden' 1259, m Id, lOd, Selbryghtindenn 1313 QW, Selebrightindenn 1316 FA, de Tenwarden', Tenderden' 1279 Ass 362 m l1d, 369 m 23, 41d, Seltbrythindenne 1327 SR 123/10, Selbrithynden 1330 Fine, Sel­ Hundredum de Tenderdenn 1316 FA, de Tenterdenne 1327 SR bryghtyndenne 1346 FA. - Apparently named from SILVERDEN, 123 10. m. vV. of Sandhurst, near the western edge of the hundred 1/2 Called after TENTERDEN: Tent-wardene 1179 P, Tenterden', Tanterden' (Se1tbrithesden' 1255 Ass 361 m 44, Selbrythendenn' (p) 1279 Ass 1205, Tendwarden' 1206 Cur (p), Tentu:ardenn 1252 Pat, Tentwarden 1255 369 m 41d, Selbrittendenne 1290 Pat, Selbryghtyrulenn' (p) 1293 Pap, Tentwaredenn', Tent-warden', Tentworeden, Tenu'areden', Tenwarenden, Ass 374 m 10d, Seltbrightindenne (p) 1314 Seld 24, Seltbri3thin­ Tenterdenne c 1250 BB, Tent Wardenne 1313 Ch. denne, Seltbricthindenne (p) 1327 SR 123i10 m 4!)); cf. Wallen­ OE *Tenetwaradenn 'the swine-pasture of the men of Thanet' berg, PNK 346. - The first el. is derived from the OE pn Sele­ (below); ef. Tenetwara brocas BCS 1212, 'the marsh of the men beorht, which also occurs in Kent in Seleberhtes cert BCS 293 of Thanet', which seems to have been near Tenterden. It should (Lt. Chart), and in Seleberhtin(c)g lond nr Faversham (BCS 348, be noted that, as late as the 13th century, Tenterden belonged to 353). Second el. OE denn 'swine-pasture'. the manor of Minster in Thanet (Tenwardenne pertinet ad mane­ rium de Menstre BB); cf. Wallenberg, StNPh 1. 35 f., Jolliffe, The Rolvenden bd Jutes 59, Ekwall, ODP s. v. Tenterden. In the Weald SE. of Cranbrook, consisting of the pars of Rolven<1en and Benenden.

.,. ,. -'··r' .. ·, t"/ 134 O. S. Anderson ~( The English Hundred-Names 135 Adilovtesbrige, Adclovesbrige hd' 1086 DB, Aluluesbrugg', Lathe of Shepway Aluedbrigg' 1226 Ass 358 m 24, 32d, Aloltebrige, Aloltcsbrug' 1241 Ass 360 ID 7, 16, Aluluesbrig' 1242 P, Aloluesbrugge, -bregge 1254 Linuuartlest, Lest de Linuuarlet, Lest Limwarlet, Limon'art Lest 1086 DB. l.imiwarlethe, Limuuarled, Limuuarlaed, Limwarlaed 1086 DM, (in lasto KF, Alouesbrig', Alotesbrig' 1255 Ass 361 m 46d, 63, Allouesbrigg' de) Limwarlest, Limu'arflest 1087 Inq Aug; Lestus de Schepeweye 1241 1255 ib m 47, 1279 Ass 3fl9 m 42, Alolc'esbrigg' 1275 RH, Allotes­ Fees, Lestus de Sehipweye 1254 KF, Lastus de Shypwey, Shepweye 1255 brigg' 1279 Ass 369 m 27d, Aloltllesbregg', Alouesbrugg' 1293 Ass Ass 361 ID 62d, 63, (in) lasto de Shuppeweye 1275 RH, Lastus de Schep­ 374 m 2, 42, Aloluesbrigge 1316 FA; Alowesbregge 1313 QW, 1471 weye 1279 Ass 369 m 41d, Lastum de Schipwey 1316 FA. - The earlier Pat, Allouesbregge 1327 SR 123/10, Alousbregge 1340 NI, Aloues­ name means 'the lathe of the Lympnc-uweIJers', OE Limen-uare; v. ERN 244, JoJliffe, op. cit. 46; Limen was the old name of the East Rother. The bregg 1346, Alouesbrigge 1412 FA, Aloesbridge 1610 Speed: ­ present name is derived from that of SHIPWAY CROSS, on the edge of the 'JEpeluJult's bridge' (OE /Epelu~ult pn and brycg 'bridge'). Wallen­ hill just E. of Lympne; this was the meeting-place of the lathe. The court berg suggests (PNK 476) that this was at Sumn8rhouse Bridge nr of Shipway is frequently mentioned; the pleas of the Cinque Ports were Brenzett ('the summoner's house'). held here. It is (apud) Sippeweiam 1151-60 (1313), 1205 Ch, Sipweiam 1210 Cur, Shipweie 1220, Sipweye 1225 Pat, Shypeweye, Sipweie, Shep­ weye 1226 Ass 358 m 22d,24d, 28, Shepweye, Sipweye 1227, Shipweye 1227, }Iartin Po~ntney hd 1228, Sipweiam, Sipweyam 1228, Sypweyam 1230 Cl, Shippeweie 1241 Ass In Romney Marsh, tV. of Romney and Lydd, containing the pars of 359 m 5d, Sepweye 1253, Shepeweye 1265 Pat, etc.: - 'Sheep way' (OE Ivychul'ch, Midley and St. Mary in the Marsh, formerly also St. Martin's seep (sdp) 'sheep' and u'eg 'way', 'road'); WaJlenberg, PNK 368. The New Romney, now in Romney Marsh Liberty, and Hope All Saints (1316 FA). lathe consists of the hds of Oxney, Aloesbridge, .Martin Pountney, Lang­ Hundredwn Sancti Martini 1199 P, 1316 FA, 1327 SR 12310, port, Ham, Newchurch, Worth, Street, Hayne, Hythe, RircholtFranchise, Bundr' de Sancto Martino 1226, 1241, 1255 Ass 358 m 24d, 360 m Bircholt Barony (sometimes attributed to Scray Lathe), Stowting, Loning­ borough and Folkestone. 7,361 m 47d, 1275 RH, hd ot St. Martin in Romeney Merssh 1386 Pat, St. jl-1artin hu. 1610 Speed. - Called after the parish church Oxney hd of ST. MARTIN's, New Romney, a parish just W. of New Romney: Consists of the Isle of Oxney, on the Rother N. of Rye. church ot Martin 1086 DM,' (Steph. de) Sancto Martino 1212 BB, Oxenai hvnd' 1086 DB, Hdr' de Oxeneia 1166 P, Bundr' de (villa) Sancti Martini 1316 FA, Sanet' Martini in Pountney 1399 Oxenal 1226, 1241 Ass 358 m 24, 359 m lld, 1254 KF, Bundr' de Ipm); Pountney (Pounteney 1407 Ipm) is obscure (cf., however, Oxenhal' 1241 Ass 360 m 7, 1242 P, 1255 Ass 361 m 62d, Bundr' de Wallellberg, PNK 479). Oxene 1241 ib m 16, 1279 Ass 369 m 25d, 1316 FA, 1327 SR 12310, lIundr' d'Oxeneye 1275 RH, de Oxeneye 1279 Ass 369 m Lallgport hd 42, 1293 Ass 374 m 45, hd ot Oxeney 1471 Pat. Contains the par of Lydd, and, according to Wallenberg, PNK 480, The hundred name is identical with that of the ISLE OF OXNEY: (on) Hope All Saints, which was, however, in Martin Pountney hd in 1316 (FA). Oxnaiea 724 (15) BCS 141, Exenel', Oxonel' 1194 Cur I, Oxeneya 1212 BB, The hundred is often called a 'half-hundred'. Oxenel 1210--12 RBE, Oxendal' (sic) 1230 Cl, Oxenale, NOXT/ale 1242 Fees, Lamport, Lantport 111;nd' 1086 DB, dimidium hundredum de Oxenhal' 1255 Ass 361 m 45d, Oxene 1302 CL Langeport 1219, 1227, 1241 Fees, 1242 P, 1255, 1279 Ass 361 m 'Oxen island' (OE oxna 'of oxen' and fig 'island'). For the 46d, 369 m 29d, 1327 SR 123/10, Dimidium hundred' de Langport l-forms cf. PNSx 444 s. n. Pevensey. One form seems to contain 1275 RH, Langporte hd 1450 Pat. the variant gen. *exna (cl. ODP s. v. Exton Ru). Named from the old manor of LANGPORT or Romney: Langport 1072 BM, Lamport 1086 DB, Langeport 1086 DM, 1199 Cur, 1210-12 RBE, 1241, Aloesbridge hd W. of Romney on the Sussex border, containing the pars of Brookland, Brenzett, Fairfield, Snargate and Snave. It consists of a stretch of some­ , The Sane/us .Martinus quoted by Wallenberg from DB is St. Martin what higher country, surrounded on all sides by marshes. of (VHK Ill. 256, Inq Aug 25 f.). III

136 O. S. AlIderson The English Hundred-Names 137

1293 Ass 360 m 7, 374 m 71d, Langeporte 1198 FFP, manor of Langeport m 16, 1254 KF, 1265 Mise, 1316 FA, 1471 Pat, Wurthe 1241 Ass i. ).,. with Romeneye 1341 Cl. 359 m 2d, 1254 KF, 1275 RH, Worth' 1242 P, 1327 SR 12310, "!! On the meaning of the name (OE *Langport) cL Ekwall, SPN Werth', Wurth' 1293 Ass 374 m 81, 83: - OE worp, wurp, wyrp 180 f., where it is taken to be 'long market-place' (lit. 'long town'). 'enclosure' (etc.), perhaps referring to an enclosure for the hun­ dred court. Wallenberg connects the hundred name with Gamelan­ Ham bd wyro 946 BCS 813 CGamela's enclosure or 'the old enclosure'), A small hundred S. of Ashford, consisting of the two pars of Orlestone which he would locate in this district (PNK 4(1). and Warehorne. Hame hvnd' 1086 DB, Hamme 1086 DM, 1226, 1241 Ass 358 Street hI] m 32d, 360 m 7, 1242 P, 1254 KF, 1255 Ass 361 m 45d, 1275 RH, W. of Hythe, containing part of Romney MaT~h and the ridge bordering 1285, 1316 FA, 1327 SR 12310, 1471 Pat. - The name survives it, on the north, including the pars of Lympne, Hurst, Bonnington and in HAM Street at a cross-road in the centre of the hundred, 1 m. Sellindge. S. of Orlestone. This was the hundred meeting-place. It is Hamme Estret, Stret, Estraites hd' 1086 DB, Strate 1086 DM, 1254 1226 Ass 358 m 32d (villata), 1255 Ass 361 m 45d (borgha), KF, Stretes 1086 DM, 1227 Fees, Strete 1087 Inq Aug, 1219, 1241 (Borgha Ricardi de) Ham (in Ordlaweston') 1241 Ass 360 m 7, Fees, 1242 P, 1254 KF, 1265 Mise, 1275 RIl, 1285 FA, 1298 Ipm, Easthamme, Hamme 1254 KF, la Harnme (p) 1255 Ass 361 m 63, 1327 SR 123,10, Streate 1316 FA. - The name is derived from (borgha de) Esthamme, Hamme 1279 Ass 369 m 26, la Hamme et the old road running along the crest of the ridge mentioned above, Esthame 1293 Ass 374 m 41d. From OE hamm 'enclosure', 'water­ from Hythe towards Bonnington, the exact spot for the meetings meadow', etc. Ham Street is near the ancient course of the Limen of the hundred being evidently at CouRT-AT-STREET, 4 m. W. of (Rother). Hythe. This is (ret) Str(pte 1016-20 KCD 732, Estraites 1086 DB, Straeta, Estrates 1086 DM, Strete 1202 Cur, 1225 Cl, 1242 Ne1ycburcb bd Fees, 1255 Ass 361 m 46d, 1283, 1298 Ipm, 132\J Cl, 1342 Ipm S. of Ashford, E. of Ham hd, containing the pars of Newchurch, (court of), Strate 1203 Cur, Stretes (p) 1226 Ass 358 m 25, Stret Ruckinge and Bilsington. 1257 Ch: - OE stret, street '(Roman) road'; for Court-at-, cf. Newcecerce, Nevcerce hvnd' 1086 DB, hundredum de Newe­ Court-at-Wick in Snave (PNK 478). cherche 1219 Fees, 1254 KF, 1316 FA, 1327 SR 123/10, hundre­ dum de Newecheriche 1227 Fees, de Newechirech' 1255 Ass 361 Hayne bd m 63, hd of Nyuecherech 1265 Mise, Hundr' de Nywecherche A small hundred N. of Hyt.he, consisting of the pars of Saltwood and 1275 RH. Postling. Called after NEWCHURCH, or rather after its church, at which the hundred Hen 1086 DB, 1226 Ass 358 m 32<1, 1242 P, 1255, 1293 Ass apparently used to meet: Niwancirce 1086 DIll, Newechirche 1198 FFP, 361 m 46, 374 m 9d, Heanhdr' 1158, Henhdr' 1168, Heenhundre­ Neuechich' (sic) 1202 Cur, Necherche 1240, Neuchirch, la Newechirch 1243 dum 1180 P, Hean 1226 Ass 358 m 26, 1254 KF, 1265 Mise, 1275 Pat, Newechirch' (p) 1255, Newecherche 1279 Ass 361 ID 47d, 369 m 26d, RH, 1313 QW, 1316 FA, 1327 SR 12310, 1340 NI, 1346, 1412 ;' Newechirche 1303 Pat, 1306 Ipm, 1481 AD Ill. 'New church' (OE n'iwe, n'iowe 'new' and cirice 'church'). FA, 1471 Pat, Hen', Hene 1241 Ass 360 m 7, 16, Heen 1255, 1293 Ass 361 m 47d, 374 m 2, Hehan, Heam 1279 Ass 369 m 29(d), Worth hd Heane 1610 Speed. - The forms point to a base in OE -ea-; the On the coast SW. of Hythe, in Romney Marsh, containing the pars of simplest explanation would seem to be from OE (ret) *Hean 'at Dymehureh, Burmarsh, Blaekmanstone, Orgarswick and Eastbridge. the high (place)', the name being a substantival use of the adj. Werde hvnd' 1086 DB, Wuroehundredum 1185, Wiroehundre­ heah 'high', inflected according to the weak declension, as is the dum 1198 P, Wrth 1219 Fees, Worthe 1227 Fees, 1241 Ass 360 case in PNs in general. This suits the site, which must have been

i 1 ,

138 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names 139

at HEANE Wood (6") in Saltwoud nr Sandling Junction, just W. Stotinges hvnd' 108() DB, hundredmfl de Stutinge 1087 Inq of a fairly well-marked hill. A somewhat different explanation Aug, Hundr' de Stutinges 1226 Ass 358 m 26d, Hundr' de Stutinge, is given by Wallenberg (KPN 366; cf. also, however, ib. 65), who Stotinge 1241 Ass 360 m 7d, 16, Hundredurn de Stutyngtone (sic) assumes an OE noun *hea 'mound', comparing the substantivized 1254 KF, Stouting hd 1257 lpm, Hundred' de Stuting' 1275 RH, forms OIcel haugr, OSw hogher, OHG houe 'mound'; but there is Hundr'm de Stouting' 1279 Ass 369 m 27, de Stoutyng' 1327 no other trace of this noun in OE, and there is no reason to SR 123/10. assume that, if it existed, it would appear in the weak form hea. Named from STOWTING, 5 m. NW. of IIythe: Stuting 1044 KCD 773, Whether the above explanation suits lIeene Sx may be left open, Estothinges 1086 DB, Stutinges 1086 DM, Stuf'inge 1086 DM, 1282 Pat, 1310 in the absenee of any information as to its topography. Cl, Stutingis 12 AD Ill, Stuting' 1226, 1241 Ass 358 m 26d, 360 m 7d, Stoting' 1267 Pat, Stuf'ing 1273 Abbr, Stonting 1282 Cl, Stontyng 1294 Pat, H)'the bd, including- the town and parieh of Hythe, is mentioned in 1086 Stutingg 1307 Ch. DM (hd of Hede); this is apparently identical with the borough of Hythe OE Stilting is a hill-name derived from OE *stilt, :ME *stoute, (ib.). No other early reference to the hundred has been noted. a. word for a 'hill' of some particular shape found in Brimpts Dv Bircholt Barony ami Franchise hlls (Bremstoute 1307 PNDv 192), and in other PNs in Dv and So; E. of Ashford. The former consists of Hastingleigh, Brabourne and it is connected with ON stutr 'the butt end of a. horn', .MUG stotze Bircholt, the latter of Smeeth and Aldington. Bircholt Barony was formerly 'block', 'stock', .MLGstllt 'buttocks', etc. (v. further Hellquist s. v. in Seray Lathe, and Bircholt Franchise in Shepway Lathe, but they seem stut, .Mdf 128, PNDv I. c., ODP s. v. Stowting), the basic meaning originally to have fonned a whole, being both called 'half-hundreds'. being 'something blunted'. Stowting is in a. valley, just S. of Belissolt, Bilesold, Belieolt, Bilissold, Brieeode, Berisovt, Beris­ Stowting Hill (600 feet). colt h'und' 1086 DB, hd of Bilieholt 1086 DM, hundredum de Brich­ holt 1087 Inq Aug, hundredwn de Bireheholt 1219, Birieholt' 1227, Loningborongh hd dimidiwn hundredum de Byreheholt 1241 Fees, ni' hundr' de Mostly in the valley of Nail Boumc, NW. of Folkestone and E. of Birieheholt 1255 Ass 361 m 62d, Hundr' de Bireholte de baronia, Stowting hd, bounded east and west by hills, consisting of the pars of Dimidium hundr' de Biriheholt de libertate arehiepiscopi 1275 RH, Lyminge, Elham, Paddlesworth, and parts of Stelling and Acrise. Dimidium Hundr'm de Byreholte de Libertate Arehiepiscopi 1293 Moniberge, Honinberg (sic), l\hmniberg hd' 1086 DB, Noniberge Ass 374 m 43d, Dimid' Hundr'm de Byreholte 1327 SR 123/10. 1086 DM, NunningebergahundreduJn 1185, 1189 P, Noningbergh', Called after BIRCHOLT, 4 m. SE. of Ashford: Biricholte 993 (14) Hyda Noninberge, Nuniberg' 1226 Ass 358 m 25d, 26, 32d, Nuningbergh', 246, Birichalt 1086 DM, Biricholt 1204 FF, 1227 Bracton, Bircholt (p) 1235 Nunnebergh', Nunneberg' 1241 Ass 359 m 12d, 360 m 7, 16, Nunne­ Cl, 1242 Fees, Birgholte (p) 1242 Fees, Byrcholte 1254 KF, Bircholte 1327 bir', Nunneburgh' 1242 P, Nonybergh' 1254 KF, Nonnebergh', SR 123/10. 'Birch wood' (OE biree 'birch', holt 'wood'). Bircholt Franchise t Nonebergh', Nunnebrig' 1255 Ass 361 ID 46, 47, 51d, Nuniberewe belonged to the Liberty of the archbishop of Canterbury (FA V. ! 1275 RH, Loneburegh', Lonebergh', Luneberegh 1275 RH, Nonig­ 11), and Bircholt Barony was held 'by barony of Dover Castle'! bergh', Nonibergh', J,onibergh', Lonnibergh' 1279 Ass 369 m 28(d), The various Domesday forms represent the attempts of a Norman I 29, 371 m 35d, Lonybergh' 1279 ib m 41d, 1293 Ass 374 m 8od, scribe to cope with the name. 1327 SR 123/10., Lunberwe 1285 FA, Longber,qh' 1293 Ass 374 m ;..;I 2, Nonnebergh' 1313 QW, Nonybergh 1314 Seld 24, Lonybergh Stowting 11Il 1316 FA, 1341 Pat, Lonyberwe 1346 FA, Lonyngbergh 1410, LonYTl­ NW. of IIythe, E. of Bircholt hd, bounded on the east (in part) by bergh 1450 Pat. - In 1279 Ass (369 ID 28) there is mention of Stone Street, consisting of the pars of Stanford, Monks Horton, Stowting, a borgha () de Lonibergh, Loungbcl'gh', but nothing seems Elmstead and Stelling (partly in Loningborough hd). to be known about the exact site of the place. The hundred name 1 Hasted, Hietory of Kent, Ill. 295. should no doubt be associated with NONlNGTON in Wingham hd The English Hundred-Names 140 O. S. Anderson 141

(Nunningitun 1086 DM, Nonyntun', Nunington' 1240, Nonyngton, 'FoZca's stone'. First el. a pn *Folca, not on independent record; Noningetun' 1282 Wallenberg), which is only 5 m. distant from second el. OE stiin 'stone'; v. PNHu 187 (also for the u-forms), ODP the hundred, and is connected with Elham and Lyminge by an s. v. Differently, Wallenberg KPN 23, PNK 445. The united evi­ evidently ancient road. Nonington is OE *Nunninga tun 'the dence of numerous original charters is decisive in favour of the form homestead of the Nunningas or men of Nunna'. Loningborough Folean-, the Folees of one charter being a secondary form (associa­ may be 'the barrow or hill (OE beorg) of the Nunningas', but tion with OE foIe). *Folea is a pet-form of pns in FoZe- (Folewine, numerous forms in medial -e(n)-, not -ing-, may rather suggest etc.). Wallenberg's *(ge)folee (sic) is a very questionable form. that the original form was *Nunnan beorg, 'Nunna's barrow', the ing-form being due to the change of (an » en> in> ing, which Lathe of St. Augustine is common in PNs (cf. Jordan § 1(6). If so, the Nunningas may originally have been settled in Loningborough hd, being the descen­ Contains the NE. portion of Kent. dants or men of the Nunna whose name occurs in Loningborough, In 1086 the district included in the present lathe was divided between the lathe of Eastry (Estrelest, Lest de Estrede, Estrei(a), Estrea 1086 DB, and Nonington may represent a settlement of theirs some distance lathe (laed) of Aestraie 1086 DM), consisting of the hds of Bewsborough, away to the north. Nunna was an early OE pn, borne by one ComiJo; Eastry, Preston and Wingham; and Borowart lathe (Boruuar, of the South Saxon kings (v. Redin 68); the L- of the modern Bor(o)wart, Boroart Lest 1086 DB, Burewarele(a)st 1087 Inq Aug),eon­ form is due to dissimilation. The Domesday forms are in part sisting of the hds of Bridge and Petham, Berham (Kinghamford), Down­ corrupt. Wallenberg's alternative suggestion (PNK 430) that the hamford, Canterbury, Tanet (Ringslow), Estursete (Westgate), , Bleangate, and possibly Boughton-under-Blean (VHK Ill. 180). Borowart meaning of the name was 'the old men's hill' is supported by no (etc.) is OE *Burhwara 'of the city-dwellers', referring to Canterbury; cf. evidence, and seems to be due to a misapprehension. Burwaramers BCS 837, Burwaramersce KCD 732 (Burmarsh, 'the marsh of the men of Canterbury'; v. KPN 270, ODP). Folkestone hd The two Domesday lathes were afterwards combined, but Eastry lathe survived into the 14th century as Lestus de Hedelinge 1241 Ass 360 m 9, On the coast surrounding Folkestone, containing Newington and Swing­ 1275 RH, Lestus de Hedelynge 1254 KF, Lastus de Hedeling' 1255 Ass 361 field on the west, and Alkham and Capel le Ferne on the north-east, m 63, lasturn de Edeling, Hedelingg' 1275 RH, Lastus de Edelyng', Edeling' bordering on Heane, Loningborough and Bewsborough hds. The hundred 1279 Ass 369 m 42, 371 ID 56, Edelynge 1314 Seld 24. It derived its name seems to be identical with the DB manor of Folkestone (ef. DB f. 9 b). from HADDLlNG WOOD Dr. Waldershare, at the point where Bewsborough, It is sometimes termed a 'half-hundred' (e. g. 1295 Ipm). Cornilo and Eastry hds meet. The most probable explanation is perhaps Fvlchestan hvnd' 1086 DB, Fulkestanhundredum 1188 P, OE *Hrep(h)l.inc (OK *Hep-) 'heath hill', where pl > dl (cf. OE nredl) and Bundr' de Folkestan' 1226 Ass 358 m 26, 1233 Cl, 1241 Ass 360 m ne > ng (Biilbring § 489); ef. PNing 29, 160; Wallenberg (partly differently), 7d, Bundr' de Focstan 1226 ib m 32d, hundredurn de Fulkestan' PNK 571. The modern name is Lestus de Sancto Augustino 1241 Ass 360 1231 Cl, 1255 Ass 361 m 54d, 1279 Ass 369 m 28d, lIundredum de m 7d, Lestus Sancti Augustini 1255 Ass 361 m 13, Lastus Saneti Augustini Folkestane 1285 FA, 1327 SR 123(10; the Middelhundred of Folke­ 1279 Ass 371 m 38, 1333 SR 123/11; it takes its name from St. Augustine's Abbey, Canterbury. stone 1263 Ipm. Called after FOLKESTONE: (terra) Folcanstaninga 61l>--18 (13), Folcanstan Bewsborongh hd 69&--716 (12) BCS 837, 91, (let) Folcanstanm 824 BCS 378, (to, :et) Folcan­ On the coast N. of Dover, containing the pars of Hougham, Poulton, stane 830, c 833, 844 BCS 396, 412, 445, 1038---"'-1044 KCD 769, Folcestan " River, Temple Ewell, Lydden, Sibertswold, Coldred, Whitfield, W. Langdon, 927 (12) BCS 660, (to, on) Folces stane 946 BCS 813, 1121 (s. a. 1052) i, Guston, W. Cliffe and St. Margaret's at Cliffe, also Deal (det.), but Dover t, ASC(E), Folcstane F, (on) Folcestane 101&--1020, (:et) Folcstan 1013-42 itself is not now within the hundred. In 1199 P. there is mention of a hd KCD 732, 1327, Fvlchestan 1086 DB, Folcestane 1086 DM, Fukestan' 1204 of Pouton', probably Poulton or Dover. . Ch, 1236 Cl,' Folkestan' 1216 Cl, Fulkestan' 1216 Pat, Folknestan' 1260 Cl; Beusberge, Bevsberg(e) hd' 1086 DB, Beauuesberga, -e, Beaus­ Folkeston' 1255 Ass 361 m 46. berga 1087 Inq Aug, Beuesberge 1162, Buehesbergahundredum (sic) 142 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names 113 1191, Belbergehundredurn 1195, Baiberge 1199 P, Beauseberge 1219 were named from the gad-fly. The first el. is no doubt the man's Fees, Bawesberg', Beagesberg', Beausberg', Beaghesberg,h' 1226 Ass name *Beaw, Bewsborough and Beauxfield being called after the 358 m 21d, 22, 30, 32, Beusberg', Beausbergh', Byauesbergh' 1241 same man. Hence 'Beaw's barrow or hill' (OB beorg 'barrow', Ass 359 m 6, 12, 360 m 9d, Bea11'esbergh' 1241, 1279, 1293 Ass 360 'hill'), and 'Beaw's open land' (OE feld); d. \Vallenberg I. c., m 8, 369 m 40, 374 m 49, 1327 SR 123/10, Beawesberghe 1254 KF, ODP s. v. Bawburgh, Beauxfield, PNWa 200. OE Beas- in Beas­ 1307 Ipm, 1316 FA, Beauwesbergh' 1255, 1293 Ass 361 m 53d, 374 feld is an analogical new-formation from the regular nom. form m 2, Bewesbergh' 1255, 1279 Ass 361 m 54d, 369 m 34, 1313 QW, *bea (Bjorkman I. c. and Sievers § 250, 1), the normal gen. being Bewesberwe 1275 RH, Beausbur', Beauber' 1293 Ass 374 m 75d, beawes-. The l-forms are inverted spellings due to the (Norman) Bealbergh 1309 Cl, Beauuesbergh 1341 Pat, Beausberwe 1346 FA, vocalisation of l before a consonant (Jordan § 252). Bewesbergh 1352, 1363 Pat, 1412 FA, Beawesbergh 1410, Bewys­ bergh, Bewesbarowe 1471 Pat, Bewsbroughe 1610 Speed. - The Cornilo hd hundred is named from BUESBOROl:GH Cross 1 (6"), at a cross-road on On the east coast W. of Deal, containing the pars of Sholden, North­ the crest of the ridge N. of the Dour, 2 m. NW. of Dover and bourne, Gt. and Lt. Mongeham, Walmer, Ripple, Slltton, Ringwould, Oxney a mile NE. of Temple Ewell church. This must be the hundred and E. Langdon, bordering on Bewsborollgh and Eastry hds. In 1226 Ass meeting-place. The site is in a dominant position, and central for (358 m 20)' there is mention of a hd of Norburn' (Northbonrne). Cornely, Corneli, Cornilai, Cornelai, Cornelest (sic) hvnd' 1086 , i the whole hundred, with roads leading to it from all quarters; it is referred to as Beausbergh' juxta maneriurn de Wytefeld' lWhitfield] DB, Cornilo 1087 Inq Aug, 1293 Ass 374 m 2, CornUa 1087 Inq 1228 Cl. The first el. of the name is the same as that in BEAl:xFlELD Aug, 1241 Ass 359 m 4, Cornelaihdr' 1160, Quuernelahundredum House (6") in West Whitfield, half a mile north of Buesborough 1179, Quernelehundredum 1180, Quernelai 1199, Quornel'hundredum Cross'; this is Bewesfeld, Beasfeld c 772 (15) BCS 207, Bevesfel 1200 P, Quernelawe, Quernolaw 1226 Ass 358 m 22(d), Corilawe, 1086 DB, Bawesfeld 1087 Inq Aug, Biausfeld c 1180 ArchC, Bewes­ Cornelawe, Quernlawe 1241 Ass 359 m 5, 12, 17d, Querenlawe feld' 1199 BB, Beauffeld' (for Beaus-) 1199 Cur 11, Beaufeld' 1200 1241, 1255 Ass 369 m 17,360 m 9d, 361 m 53, Quernilo 1254 KF, Cur 11, 1241 Ass 360 m 9, Beal/eld, Beufeld (p) 1200 P, Biausfeld', 1279 Ass 369 m 39d, Corelo 1265 Misc, Qllernilowe 1275 RH, 1285 Bausfeld' 1200, Beusefeld' 1204 Cur, Beausfeld c 1220 ArchC, 1255 FA, Qllernlllo, Qurrnul 1275 RH, Cornlo, Cornelo 1279 Ass 369 Ass 361 m 53d, I Hy3 BM, 1323 Misc, 1346 FA, Beauwesfeld' 1242 m 33d, 35, Corneloll, Cornilowe 1293 Ass 374 III 75d, 76d, Cornylo Fees, Beaufeld 1254 KF, Biawesfeld c 1250 BB, Beawefeld 1279 1293 ib m 51d, 1316 FA, 1327 SR 123/10, Cornello 1388, Cornnulo Ass 369 m 34, Byauesfelde 1287 BM, Beawesfeld' 1293 Ass 374 m 1389, Cornyloo 1471 Pat: - OE *Cweorn(a) hliiw 'mill hill' 50, Byesil 1314 Pat, Bewesfeld 1319 Inq aqd, 1461, 1480 Pat, (Wallenberg); but cweorn probably also meant 'mill-stone' in OE, Beauwesfelde 1328 Ipm. Beauxfield was formerly the name of as in OHG, ON and Gothic (PNLa 46, 263 s. n. Quarlton and ODP the parish (Wallenberg, PNK 566). - The name is discussed by s. v. cwPOrn); hence the meaning may alternatively be 'hill with Bjorkman (ESt 52. 179), who derives the first el. from OE beaw a quarry of mill-stones'. The regular form in e of the first el. (Querne- etc.), which became i, may point to the gen. pI. (cweorna). '

144 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names 14& I Eastry hd 1231, 1232 Cl, 1259, 1271 Pat, 1295 )fisc, TVingeham 1228 Pat, 1233, 1247 S. of Sandwich, consisting of the pars of Worth, Woodnesborough, Cl, Wyngeham 1229, Wfmgeharn 1232 Cl. Wingham 1243 Pat. Eastry, Ham, Betteshanger, Tilmanstone, Knowlton, Chillenden, Barfreston, The first el. is probably derived from OE Wiga pn (= wiga Eythorne and Waldershare. Sandwich was formerly a hundred in itself 'warrior'); second el. OE ham 'homestead'; cf. PNing 129, ODr I (Sanduice jacet in suo proprio hundret DB; est lmth (lathe) et hundret in s. v. Wingham, PNK 337. se ipso DM (Inq Aug)j est hundred in se ipso Inq Aug). Estrei, Estre hvnd' 1086 DB, Estreie hd, hd of Aestrege 1086 Preston hd DM, hundredum de Estrie 1087 Inq Aug, Estriahundredum 1188, I A very small hundred NW. of Sandwich, consisting only of the pars hundredum de Estreia 1199 P, hundredum de Estr-ie 1219, 1227 of Preston and Elmstone. Fees, 1242 P, !lundr' de Estrigg' 1226, de Estrye, Estre 1241, de Prestetvn hvnd' 1086 DB, Hundr' de Preston' 1226, 1241, 1255 Estree 1279 Ass 358 m 22, 360 m 9, 16d, 369 m 34d, Hundr'm de Ass 358 m 23, 360 m 8, 361 m 54d, 1327 SR 123/10, hd of Prestone Eastri 1293 Ass 374 m 2, 1341 Pat, Hundredmn de Eastry 1327 I 1265 Mise, 1280, 1303 AD V, HundrecluIll de Preston 1275 RH, SR 123/10, 1346 FA. 1316 FA. Called after EASTRY: (in regione) Eastrgena 788, (to) Eastorege 805-31, The name is derived from that of the manor of PRESTON (by Wingham), (in regione) Easterege, Eosterege, Eosterge, Eostorege 811, (ad) Eastrmge the caput of the hundred (cf. Ipm V. 123): Prestetvne 1086 DB, Prestetune I 834 BCS 254, 318, 332, 380,' Eastdge 1006 KCD 715, Estrei 1086 DB, East­ 1086 DM, Prestune (est in se ipso hundredo (sic» 1087 Inq Aug, Preston' rege 1086 DM, Estrie (p) 1191 P, Estrye 1241 Ass 360 m 9, Estry 1278, 1203 Cur, Preston 1204 FF, Preston next Wingeham 1274 AD IV. Yestry 1347, Estree 1375 Pat. 'The priests' farm', OE "'Preosta tu 11 , as belonging to the 'Eastern district'. Second el. OE *ge 'district' (Goth, OHG gawi, Abbey of St. Augustine, Canterbury; PNK 518. I G Gau). The first is a side form *easter (-or) of OE east 'east', corresponding to Goth Austro-, OHG ostar, ON austr 'east' (c£. Downhamford hd NED). Wallcnberg's derivation (se easterra *ge; KPN 73) is in­ accurate. The early OE forms are in good, original charters, and E. of Canterbury. S. of the Stour, on both sides of the Little Stour, I containing the pars of Stodmarsh, Fordwich, Wickhambreux, Ickham, Little­ absolutely reliable. The name must originally have denoted a bourne, Adisham and, detached, Staple. The borough of Fordwich was district round Eastry (cf. the note). I formerly a hundred in itself (Forevvic hrnd' 1086 DB, lwndredum de ForduJico 1186 BB). I lYingham lid I Dvnehamfort, Donamestord, Dvnamesfort hd' 1086 DB, Duna­ S. of the Stour, W. of Sandwich, consisting of the pars of Ash, Wing­ hamtord 1086 DM, Dunha1l1hdr' 1175, Dunhamtordhundredum 1 1185, 1199, Dunhanfeld (sic) 1195 P, Dunhamtord' 1226, 1241 Ass ham, Goodnestone, Nonington and Womenswold. i Wingeham hvnd' 1086 DB, ?Wikehamhundredum 1180 P, hun­ 358 m 23, 360 m 8d, 1242 P, 1327 SR 123/10, Dunhamtorde 1254 I dredum de Wingham 1214 Cur, 1226 Ass 358 m 22, 1275 RH, KF, 1341 Pat, Dumhamtord 1265 Mise, Donhamlord 1275 RH, Hundr' de Wengham' 1226 ib m 30, 1241 Ass 360 m 9, 1254 KF, Dunehamtord, Donamtord' 1279 Ass 369 m 32, 42, Douneham­ Hundr'm de Wyngeham 1255, 1293 Ass 361 m 54, 374 m 2, 1327 I ford 1346 FA, Dounhamtord 1365, Dounhamtorth 1450, Dunhamp­ I SR 123/10, Hundredum de Wyngham 1316 FA. , ford 1462, Downha1l1ford 1471 Pat: - 'Ford at Dunham'; Dunham The name is derived from that of the viI. of WI:-'GHAM, 6 m. E. of is a lost place nr Littlebourne repeatedly mentioned in the Black Canterbury: (ad) Uuigincgga ham 834, Winganham 941 (13) BCS 380, 766, Book of St. Augustine (BB) together with Littlebourne.' Dunham Wingheham 1086 DB, Wingeham, TVingalzam 1086 DM, TVingeham 1165, 1168 is from OE dun 'down', 'hill' and, no doubt, hatll1n 'enclosure', I P, 1213 Pat, 1226 Ass 358 ID 22, TVingham 1215 Cl, Wengham 1222 Bracton, 'water-meauow'; hence 'water-meadow by the hill'. The ford was

, Most of these forms refer to the I-egio, i. e. perhaps the lathe of Eastry, , cr. Wallenberg (PNK 523), who also quotes de Dunham 1226 Ass, de I rather than to the place. Donharn 1263 Ipm, de Dounham 1338 SR. 10 I •I .J 1 lJ6 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names 147 clearly over the Little Stour, and may have been at the point must have been over Nail Bourne, which is the only stream in the where it is crossed by the high road from Canterbury to Sandwich hundred, and it was very likely near Barham, from which place the (Wallenberg), just S. of Littlebourne church and cast of. a con­ hundred was alternatively named. The exact spot may be where siderable ridge, though there are other possible sites. This was the the road crosses the stream just west of Bm'ham church; cf. PNK meeting-place of the hundred; in 1255 (Ass 361 m 55) some busi­ 552. Wallenberg notes that Barham manor belonged to the demesne ness was transacted 'apud Dunhamford in plena hundredo'; in 1332 'ferm' of King Edward the Confessor; for the meaning 'the king's (SR 123(11) there is also mention of a 'villa' de Donhamford'. In ford', cf. also Kingsbridge hd W; and note Kingston (Cincgestune one of the P forms the hundred seems to be named from the lost KCD 732), only a mile NW. of Barham. Dunham itself. Bridge and Pethnm hd J Kinghamford hd S. of Canterbury; originally consisted of two hundreds, Brige to the SE. of Canterbury, S. of Downhamford hd, consisting of the pars of east, containing Eekesbourne, Patrixbourne, Bridge, Hardres (Upper and Barham, Kingston, Bishopsbourne, Denton (partly in Wingham hd) and Lower) and Nackington: and Petham to the west, containing Petham and Wootton. In Domesday the hundred is called after Barham. Waltham. The two hundreds were separated by Stone Street. Berham hvnd' 1086 DB, hd of Berham 1086 DM. The name is derived from that of BARHAM on Nail Bourne 6 m. Brige hvnd' 1086 DB, hundredum de Brugges 1087 Inq Aug, SE. of Canterbury: (on) Biora ham 799, Berham 799 (13), Beora­ 1293 Ass 374 m 60, Brugeltundredurn 1188 P, Hundredurn de Bregge ham(es) 805, Beoreham, Bereham 809 (13), Beorham 824 BCS 293, 1195 P, 1227 Fees, 1251 Misc, 1293 Ass 374 m 2, 1316 FA, 1327 8R 294,319,328,329, 381, Bereham, Beraham 1086 DM, Berham 1086 123(10, 1346 FA, 1471 Pat, hundredurn de Brugg' 1219 Fees, 1226 DB, 1203 FF (p), 1255 Ass 361 m 55d, 1275 Mise, Ber(e)ham 1175 Ass 358 m 25d, 1275 RH, Hundredwn de Bruges 1230 P, Brigg' 1226, P, Bereham 1210--12 RBE. - Explained by Professor Ekwall 1279 Ass 358 m 26, 369 m 30, HUlIdr' de Bruge, Brugge 1241 Ass from OE *Biora pn and ham 'homestead', with loss of n before h; 360 m 8, 16d, Hundr' de Brigge(s) 1255 Ass 361 m 55d, 63, hd of v. PPN 20 f., ODP s. v. Barham; ef. also Tengstrand, NoB 19. 173. Breltege 1265 Misc, Brygge hd 1450 Pat. The pn would be identical with OE bera 'bear'. Wallenberg alterna­ Called after BRIDGE, or after the bridge from which the village derives its name: Brygge 1086 DM, Br(qge 1235 Cl, Bregges (p) 1254 Pat, Brigges tively suggests (KPN 87) that the first eL is the latter word it­ 1255 Ass 361 m 55d, Bregge 1266 BM, Brigg' 1279 Ass 369 m 30, 1468 Ch, self, but for more reasons than one that is hardly to be thought Brugges 1293 Ass 374 m 60d, Brigge juxta Cantuar' 1373 Ipm. of. Wallenberg proposes to account for the loss of n through ana­ OE brycg 'bridge'. The village is named from the hridge which I logical influence from names in ingaham, but in that case loss of takes Watling Street over Nail Bourne. It is on the edge of the n would not have been restricted to Kentish names, as is actually hundred. The -es is a pseudo-plural ending, found in certain PNs. the case. lldr' de Chingesford' 1166 P; Kinghamfordhundredum 1179 P, Piteham h1md' 1086 DB, hd of Peteham 1086 DM, llundredum Kinghamford 1226, 1255 Ass 358 m 26, 361 m 55d, 1265, 1268 de Pecham (sic) 1195 P, Hundr' de Pettham 1226 Ass 358 m 25d, Mise, 1316 FA, Kynghamforde 1254 KF, Kyn.qhamford 1275 RH, Hundr' de Petham, Putham 1241, 1255 Ass 360 m 8, 16,361 m 55d, 1279 Ass 369 m 32d, 1346 FA, 1471 Pat. - Originally 'the king's 63, llundr'm de Pittham 1279 Ass 369 m 42, llundredum de Petham ford' (OE *Cinges ford), the form Kinghamford being probably due 1316 FA, 1327 SR 123/10. Called after PETHAM: Pettham c 961 (13) BCS 1065, Piteham 1086 DB, to the influence of the name of the adjacent hd of Downhamford. Pytham, Peteham 1086 DM, Petham 1086 DM, 1241 Ass 360 ill 8, 1242 Lib, In 1293 Ass (374 m 44) there is mention of a Robert de Kyngham­ Pethom 1203 FF, Pettham 1244 Lib. ford', but the site of the ford from which he took his name, which 'Enclosure in a hollo\.... ' (OE pytt 'pit', 'hole', 'grave', and hamm must have been the meeting-place of the hundred, is unknown. It 'enclosure' etc., rather than ham 'homestead', on account of the form 148 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names 149 in -hom); cf. PPN 29, KPN 288, ODP s. v. Petham. The village is in de Whitstaple 1183 BB, 1316 FA, Hundr' de Whitstapl', Wit­ a hollow. stapel' 1226 Ass 358 m 23d, 20, /lundr' de Whytstapel 1241, 1279 Ass 360 m 8, 369 m 32, hd of Whitstapel 1251, of Wytstaple 1265 'Vestgate hd rI Mise, Hundredum de WlItstapel1275 RH, Hundr'm de Whytestaple W. of Canterbury, containing the pars of Thanington, Milton, Harble­ 'I i ::1 down, Dunkirk, St. and Hackington. In 1086. the hundred was 1293 Ass 374 m 84, Hundr'm de Whytstaple 1327 SR 123110. " called after the lost manor of Estursete. Called after WHITSTABLE: Witstapel 1185, Witstaple (p) IHH, Whit­ ~ stapel 1197 P, Witstapele c 1250 BB, Whytstapel, Whys-tapel, Wytstapel i Estvrsete hvnd' 1086 DB, hd of Stursaete 1086 DM. 1241 Ass 360 m 8, Witstapell' 1242 Fees, Whitestaple 1254 KF, Whitstaple ,.,;. Named from a manor called Estursete 1086 DB, Stursaete 1086 1258 Ch, 1311 Pat, Whistaple 1310, Wistaple 1312, Whitstapile 1360 Cl; ,).""1 DM, Stursete 1086 DM, 1087 Inq Aug, 1226, 1255 Ass 358 m 32d, Westaple 1347 Ipm; Wystable 1241 Ch, 1339 Pat. f 361 m 56 (borga, i. e. tithing). It was on the Stour on the outskirts 'White post' (OE hw'it 'white' and stapol 'post', 'pillar'), per­ of Canterbury (d. DB I. 3 b); according to Wallenberg (KPN 1(4) haps one set up to guide the ships at sea. it is identical with the later manor of Westgate, but the name sur­ Blellngate btl vived as the name of a tithing of the hundred as late as the 13th cen­ On the coast NE. of Canterbury, bounded on the south by the Stour, tury. The meaning is 'the dwellers on the Stom', OE (OK) *Stiir­ containing the pars of Swalecliffe and Sturry on the west and W. Stour­ setan; cl. ERN 379. mouth, Ghislet and Reculver on the east. Domesday divides the present hundred into the three hundreds of Sturry (Estvrai hvnd' DB), Chislet Hundredum (curia) de Westgat(e) 1115-22 (1347) Ch, 1195 P, (Cistelet hvnd' DB) 'and Recu!ver (Rocvlf hvnd' DB, hd of Raculf DM), Hundr' de Westgate 1226, 1241 Ass 358 m 23d, 360 m 8, 1275 RH, j each consisting only of the manor from which it takes its name (v. J. E. A. 1316 FA, 1327 SR 123/10, West,gatehundredum 1179, 1183 P, J olliffe in Hist. Ess. in Honour of J. Tait 158, VHK Ill. 181); but this was Hundr' de Westghate 1255 Ass 361 m 63, llundr'm de Westegate only a temporary or alternative arrangement, the present hundred being already in existence at this date, as shown by its occurrence in the contem­ 1279 Ass 369 m 33. porary Inq Aug. Swalecliffe was in Whitstable hd in 1086. Called after the manor cif WE::'TGATE t by Canterbury: Westgate 1183 Hundredwn de Blengate 1087 Inq Aug, 1226, 1241, 1255 Ass (p), 1198 (aldermanneria) P, I1f19 FF, 1200 Ch, 1242 Lib, 1281 Ipm, 1399 Ch (town), Westgate by Canterbur,1l 1318 Pat, Westgate juxta Cantuar' 358 m 23d, 360 m 8d, 361 m 5tid, 1265 Mise, 1275 RH, 1285 Fine, 1376 Orig, Westgate maneI" ju:rta civitatem Cantuar' 1398 Ipm. 1327 SR 123(10, Blengatehundredum 1179, 1185, 1188, Blengata­ 'Western gate' (OE west and geat 'gate'), the vill taking its hundredum 1180 P, Dleingate 1 1226 Ass 358 ill 23d, Bleangate name from the western town-gate of Canterbury. 1293 Ass 374 m 2, 1341, 1386 Pat, 1610 Speed, Bleungate (sic) 1316 FA, Blyngate 1340 NI, Blenegate 1465 AD VI. - The name The Borongh of Canterbury was formerly a hundred in itself: Cant­ is derived from BLEANGATE (now a hamlet or farm), in the west of varie hvnd' 1086 DB, hd of Cantuarberia 1086 DIll, lmndredum de Canter­ the hundred about a mile SW. of Herne viI. This was the hundred I beria, Cantebiria 1087 Inq Aug. ..\ ' ":', meeting-place, an inquisition being made here (in the hundred­ I " Wbitstable bd court) in 1279 (BB: apud Dlengate). Further references are: :I On the coast around Whitstable, N. of Canterbury, consisting of the Blengate c 1250 BB, 1327 SR 123(10 ill 3, 1341 Pat. Bleangate I \ ' pars of Whitstable and B1ean. In 1086 it also included Swalecliffe, now must have been a gate (OE geat) leading into the old forest of in Bleangate hd. Blean (in, on Blean 786, 814, to Blean aem wiada 858 BCS 248, Witenestaple, Witestaple hvmZ' 1086 DB, hllndreduin Wit­ 348, 496, etc.). Bleangate hamlet is still on the edge of West staple 1087 Inq Aug, Wifestapl'hundredulIl 1179 P, hllndredlltll Blean Wood. For the name of the forest, v. , above, and Ekwall, PPN 60, ODP s. v. Blean. , t The name remains in Westgate Court in SI. Dunstan Without (Wallen­ berg, PNK 501). t May also be read Blem-, 150 O. S. Anderson

Ringslow hlJ. Consists of the in NE. Kent. The hundred is cut off from the surrounding country by the Stour and the Wantsum, and the marshes along their banks. In Domesday it is given the name of Thanet hu. Tanet hvnd' 1086 DB, hd of Tenet 1086 DM, hundredum de Thanet 1087 Inq Aug. - The name of the district, the ISLE OF THANET (Tanatus 3 Solinus (ODP), Tanatos (insula) c 730 Bede, (in) Tenid 679 BCS 45, (on) Tenet 891 (s. a. 853, 865) ASC(A), 943 EXCURSUS BCS 780, (on) Trrmett 949 (11) BCS 880 etc.). Thanet is a Celtic name identical or cognate with OW tanet (in pus), from tan 'fire'; v. ERN 391, KPN 11, ODP s. v. Thanet. Traces of an ancient territorial division in existence as early as the llundr' de Ringslawe 1226 Ass 358 m 22d, Ringeslawe 1241 9th century, and doubtless far older than that, still exist in the hundreds Ass 360 m 1, 1242 P, 1255 Ass 361 m 54d, Ryngslawe, Rinkeslawe of Cornwall. In King Alfred's will there is mention of a district called 1241 Ass 360 ID 7d, 359 ID 4, Ringslowe 1242 Fees, Ringeslowe Triconscire, which is identical in name with the modern Trigg, formerly Trigg-shire' hundred, and in area with the modern hds of Trigg, Lesnewth 1255 Ass 361 ID 63; Ryngslo 1254 KF, 1279 Ass 369 m 39d, 1327 and Stratton, i. e. with a district in north-eastern Cornwall between the SR 123(10, 1346, 1412 FA, Ringeslo 1275 RH, 1285, 1316 FA, Camel and the boruer. Corresponding to this, there existed on the 1285 Mise, Ringslo 1278 Cl, 1279 Ass 369 ID 30d, Ringlo 1279 ib southern coast another -'shire', (East and West) Wevelshire, occupying the ID 39d, Ryngeslo 1279 ib ID 42, 1386 Pat, Ryngesla 1285 Fine, district between the Tamar and the Fowcy, and living on in the mouern Ryngeslou 1293 Ass 374 m 75d, Ryngshloo 1363, Ryneslo 1365, hundreds of 'East' and 'West'. To the west of the Camel and the Fowey Ryngeslou:e 1442, 1471, Ryngyslotce 1450 Pat. - The site from were another couple of 'shires', Pyder (oHm Piderscire) on the north coast, and Powder (olim Pourdescire) on the south coast, extending westwards as which the hundred derives its name is lost, but in the Black Book far as the Fal estuary. The western extremity of the Cornish peninsula is of St. Augustine are mentioned several persons, Serlo, Thomas, occupied by the two hundreds of and , which were not etc. de Ringgeslawe (Ringeslow, Ringeslawe, Ringslawe), all from (or very exceptionally) known as 'shires'. The etymologies of the names of Minster in Thanet, so that it is doubtless to be sought in that these ancient divisions, which reach back into a remote Celtic past, haruly parish. Wallenberg (PNK 594) suggests Mount Pleasant, a mile concern us here, their origin being clearly different from that of the Eng­ lish hundred (cl. H. M. Cam, EHR 47. 367 and reference); but the organisa­ N. of Minster. The first el. is probably OE *l1ring pn, a short tion itself is of sufficient interest to deserve some notice. Were it not for form of names in Hring- (Hringwine etc.), the form in -k- being the form in King Alfred's will, we should have no proof of the great anti­ due to unvoicing. The pn has counterparts in ON Hringr, OHG quity of the Cornish 'shires', for the Geld Roll, which is the earliest authority Rincho. Alternatively the first el. IDay be the word hring 'circle', for the names of the hundreds of Cornwall, refers to them by different names, used of a stone circle or the like, but for IDore reasons than one substituting for the ancient names of the 'shires' the names of the manors to which they were appurtenant, thus Stratton for Trigg, Rillaton for East, this is less likely; cf. Wallenberg, PNK 593 and Ekwall, ODP and Fawton for West Wevelshire, Tybesta for Powder, Pawton for Pyder; s. v. Ringsfield. Seeond el. OE hliiw 'barrow', 'hill', which shows and Winnianton for Kerrier, Connerton for Penwith. This is analogous to, the same ME form as in Cornilo, above (cf. below p. 166). and illustrates, the Geld Roll nomenclature in regard to the Devon hundreds, where the Geld Roll uses the name of the hundredal manor in every case but one, although the alternative names - the names of meeting-places ­ used in later records were doubtless already in existence by 1084.

Stratton hd occupies the NE. portion of the county, extending south­ wards as far as Bude, Week St. Mary, Jacobstow and Boyton. It is called (in) hundreto Stratone 1084 Geld Roll, Hundr' de Straton', Stratton' 1202 I

152 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names

Ass 1171 m 3d, 7d, Hundredum de Stratton' 1284 Ass 111 m 33, de Stratton includes Liskeard, Mon'al, St. Martin and Looe on the east. The IJresent 1303 FA, de Strattone 1327 SIt 87/7, and is named from STRATTON (Stratone names are abbreviated from East and West Wevelshire hds: Estweuelesscr' 1086 DB, Stretton 1249 FF, Stratton 1300 Ipm, 1335 Ch). The place is referred hundredum 1185, Estwiuelescirahundredum, Westwiuelesu'apenla!lium, West­ to as Strretneat on Tricollscire 880-5 BCS 553 (cf. ODP). Triconscire is wiueleshundredum 1188 P, Hum/r' de Est-, Westwiueles(s)ir' 1202 Ass 1171 identical with the name of the modern Trigg hd, which now only occupies m 2d, 7d, hundr' de EstwevelesilJ 1215 Cl, WestwyveleslhireJ 1280, West­ a smaller district on the Camel between CamelIord, Bodmin and Padstow, weleshyr 1285 Cl, Hundr' de Est711yueleschir', Westweuelesire 1284 Ass 111 but this district (like that now in Lesnewth hd) was included in Stratone hd m 36, 32d, Estwefelshire (alias Estwyvelschire), Westwefelshire 1300 Ipm, in 1084 (v. map in VHCo pt 8), and Trigg is evidently the older name of Hundredum de Est-, Westwefleschir 1303 FA, EshJievelshire 1306 FA, Hun­ the whole area between the Camel and the Devon border, including the dredum de Estweuleschir' 1327 SR 87/7, hd of Estlreveleschire 1320 Cl, of modern hds of Stratton, Lesnewth and Trigg. Estwevelshire 1387 Pat, West Wevelscher 1428 FA: lid of IVest 1318 Mise, Hundredum de Est, West 1346 FA. This is the early name of the district Lesnewth hd is on the coast SW. of Stratton hd, mostly E. of Camel­ included in the present two hundreds. ford and Boscastle, containing Tintagel, Camelford and Michaelstow on the In 1084 (Geld Roll) East hd was called (in) hundreto Rilestona (Riel­ west, Advent and Altarnun on the south, and St. Clether, Treneglos, Warb­ tone), and is hundr' de Rillectona 1130 P; West hd is called (in) hllndreto stow and Poundstock on the east. The hundred was included in Stratton hd Fauuitone 1084 Geld Roll. The names are derived from those of the hun­ in 1084, and is first mentioned a8 Hundr' de Lisniwet', Lisneweth' 1202 Ass dredal manors, to which the hundreds were annexed, 'viz. from R1LLATO:-l in 1171 m 3d, 7d, Hundredum de Lysnewythe 1284 Ass 111 m 26, Hundredum LinkinhorIie (Risleston 1086 DB, Relleston 1227 Pat, Rillaton 1276 RH, 1310 de Lysnewid 1303 FA, Hundr' de Lysnwwith 1329 SR 87/7, etc. It is called Ch, Rel(l)aton 1300 Ipm), and from FA\YTON in St. Neot, on a tributary of after the manor of LESNJo;WTH nr Boscastle (Lisnewic' (sic) 1233 Cl, Lysne­ the Fowey (Fauuitona 1086 Exon, Fa1J:intone 1086 DB, 1294 Ipm, Fauton' wyth 1238 FF, Lisneuwyth 1297 Pat; v. ODP). 1198 P, Fawyton' 1229 Fees, Fauton 1233 FF, FOl1ington 1300, Fowyton 1309 Ipm) respectively. In 1331 Ch, there is a grant of 'the manor of Relaton with the beadlery of Istwe'/,'eleshire'; cf. further Ipm V. 277 and EHR Trigg hll, on the north coast and the Camel, including Bodmin, Helland, 47. 366. Blisland and Temple on the south, and St. Breward, St. Tudy and St. Teath on the east, was included in Stratton hd in 1084; but as shown by the early form Strmtneat on Triconscire BCS 553 of Stratton itself, Trigg is the old Powder hd consists of a district on the south coast, between the name of the whole district, including the portion of Cornwall on the north Fowey and the mouth of the Fal, including Truro, Kea, Kenwyn, St. Erme, coast from the Camel to Devon now divided into the Ms of Stratton, Les­ St. Alien, Ladock, St. Stephen, St. Dennis, Hoche, LlIxulian and Lostwithiel newth and Trigg. Early forms of Trigg hd or Trigg-'shire' are (on) Tricon­ on the north. It is hundr' de Poureder 1130, Pourdescirahundredum 1188 P, scire 880--5 (c 1030) RCS 553, Trigerscire lIdr' 1130 P, Hundr' de Trigelesir', Hundr' de Powrdesir', Pou'orthesir' 1202 Ass 1171 D1 2, 7d, Huudr' de Poudre­ Trigesir' 1202 Ass 1171 m 3d, 8, (media) Tregersir 1211 FFH, Trigesyre 1222 syr' 1276 RH, Hundr'm de Poudreshl/re, Pudresh', Pllder(e)shyre 1284 Ass Bracton, Trygersire 1276 RH, Hundr' de Tryggershyre, Treggershyre 1284 111 m 23d, 24, 42, hundredum de Pudrechire. J'oudersyre 1285 QW, Poudre­ Ass 111 m 27, 28, Trigashire, Triggeschire 1300 Ipm, Trigreshire 1303 FA, schire, Pudershire 1300 Ipm, POlldreshire 1340 Pat, 1354 Black Prince; IHun­ Trigreschire 1316 Ipm, Trigshire 1337 Ch, 1358 Black Prince, Triggeshire dredum de] Peudre 1306, Hundredurn de PowIre 1346 FA, hd of Poudre 1355 1355 AD IV; (Helleston in) Trigg 1310, 1331 Ch, 1359 Pat, lluridr' de Trygge Black Prince, 1458 AD IV - an ancient name of the distri!·t contained in TYBE~TA 1340 NI. In 1291 Tax, the hundred is divided into the two deaneries of Maior the hundred. The hundred belonged to the old manor of in Creed 1 and Minor Trigeschire. On the etymology cf.•1. Loth, Revue Celtique 35. (Tibesteu 1086 Exon, Tiberestr' 1214 Cur, Tybbesteyn 1227 Pat, Tyberst 295, 44. 277. Ekwall (ODP) interprets 'district consisting of three divisions'. 1285 QW', Tibeste 1300 lpm); hence it is called (in) hUlldrelo Tibestene (Tibe­ This is accurate if we may assume that the modern arrangement of the sternae, Tibestei) 1084 Geld Roll. The hundred court of J'olldreshire was district in three hundreds has an ancient foundation; cf. also the FF quota­ held in the borough of Grampound (Grauntpount) in 1378 (Pat 241). tion, which points to three divisions of Triggshire.

1 'Tibeste, the manor with the borough of Ponsmllr (Grampound), in­ East and West hds occupy the south-eastern portion of Cornwall, cluding a fishery and the bailiwick of Poudreschire' 1300 Ipm (Ill. 457). between the Tamar and the Fowey, extending northwards as far as Laun­ In 1331 Ch 'the manor of Tybeste with the bailiwick of Poudershire' was ceston, Tremaine, Tresmeer, Laneast, Trewen, Lewannick, St. Cleer, St. Neot, granted to John de Eltham. - 'There are yet extant (in Creed parish) '" Warleggan and Cardinham (inclusive). The hundreds are mostly separated the ruins of an old chapel called by the name of Tybesta': Hitchins, History from Lesnewth and Trigg hds on the north by Bodmin Moors. West hd of Cornwall (1824), I, p. 253. 1~4 O. S. Anderson The English Hun,Jrerl-Names 155

Pyl!er hI! is on the north coast W. of the Camel and N. of Powder 1362 Black Prince. Penwith is the old name of LAND'S ~ND (penWiosteor~ hlI (q. v.) extending westwards as far as St. Agnes (inclusive): Piderscire­ 1052 ASC(C, D), Penw(£osleort I' 1100 (s. a. 997)n" PenU'1htsteort E; (steor, hdr' 1130, Pioersire 1186, Pidelescirahundrcdum 1188 P, Hundr' de Pidelsir', means 'tail'); cf. the discussion in aDI' s. v. Penwlth). The Geld Roll nam.e Pideleshide (sic) 1202 Ass 1171 m 3, 7d, Hundr'm de Pydreshyre 1284 Ass for the hu~dre'd (in hUl1dreto GonarrlitonG! (Conartone) 1084 G~Jd RO,lI),. IS 111 m 28d, Pydersire 1291 Tax, Pitershire, Pydreschire 1300 Tprn, Hundredurrt derived from that of the old hundredal manor of CWNERTON m GWlthlalI de Pydrisire, Piderschir, Pydreschir 1303 FA, Pydresyr 1327 SR 87/7; Hundr' (Gonorditone W86 DB, ?Gunnordeston e42 'Fees, Gonerlon' 1284 Ass 111 de Pidre 1276 RH, 1346, 1428 FA, hd of Pydre 1456 AD Ill. The name of m 25. Gonerlon 1289, 1335 FF), to which the hundred was appurtenant this old territorial division has been connected with those of N. and S. (rnan~rium de Conerton .,. cum hundredo 1284 Ass 111 m 25); cL EHR PETHERWIN Dv, Co (Pidrewin 1138-55, Piderwine 1259, etc.), v. PNDv 158, 47. 366. ODP s. v. Pethcrwin. The Geld Roll name of the hundred was (in) hundreto Pautone, from PAWTON in St. Breock, nr Wadebridge (Polltun 980-8 Crawf, Pavtone 1086 DB, Pautona 1086 Exon, Pouton, Pawlton 1258 Pat), to which the hd of Pyder was probably annexed (cf. ERR 47. 367).

Kerrier hI! contains the Lizard peninsula, extending northwards as far as, and including, Germoe, Breage, Sithney, Helston, Wendron, St. Day, Perranarworthal, Mylor, I'enryn and Falmouth: Hundr' de Kerior, Kiriol', Kirior 1202 Ass 1171 m 2, 7d, Hundredum de Kariel' 1215 Cl, Ilundr'm de Kerier 1284 Ass 111 m 31, 1285 QW, 1309 Pat, 1327 SR 87/7, 1334 Pat, Kerrier 1300 Ipm, 1303 FA, hd of Kerior 1304 Cl, 1314 Pat, Karyer hd 1470 AD IV. The name of the district is also frequently used to distinguish Helston in Kerrier from other Cornish Helstons, as in lielleston in Kerrielh (alias Kerrier) 1300 Ipm, in Kerrier 1310, Kyrier 1331 Ch, in Kerier 1351, Kerriel, Kyrier 1352, Kirrier 1353, 1361, /(irier 1356, Kerre 1357 Black Prince; (St. Melan in) Karier 1309 Pat. There is mention of a tithing (decenna) de Keriel 1284 Ass 111 m 31. The shorter forlll of the name also occurs in (Decanatus de) Kere 1291 Tax. In 1084 (Geld Roll) the hundred was called (in) hundreto Winnentone (Winnetone), deriving its name from the royal manor of WINNIANTON in Gunwalloe (on the coast nr Helston), the hundredal manor' (Winetone 1086 DB, Winnetona, Uingetona, U(u)inne­ tona, Uuinetona, Winetona 1086 Exon, Winienton' 1196 P, Wynynton 1216, Winiton 1219 Pat, Winiainton' 1229 Fees, Wynyenton 1284 Ass 111 m 31, 1309 Ipm, 1320 Pat).

Penwith hd includes the westernmost portion of Cornwall, W. of Kerrier and Pyder hds, extending eastwards as far as (and including) IIIo­ gan, Redruth, Camborne, Crowan, Marazion and Perranuthnoe: Penwid 1186, Penwed' 1194 P, Hundr' de Penwelh 1202 Ass 1171 m 7d, Penrethsir' (sic) 1214 Cur/ Penwith, -wyth 1236 FF, Hundr' de Penwed 1276 RH, Hundr'm de Penewyth 1284 Ass 111 m 22, Penword 1303 FA, Ilundr' de PennewytJ! 1327 SR 87/7, (bailiwick of the) hd 01 Penewith (called 'la Shirebaillie')

, Cl. DB f. 120, EHR 47. 366. In 1352 (Black Prince), the right to im­ pound an beasts taken by the bailiff of the hundred of Kerier, pertained to the manors of Wynyanton and Merthyn; cf. also QW 109. • RectI' Powder? (Index). 11

The Eng-lish Hundred-Names 157 It is also as a rule possible to investigate the exact meaning of an element in the way indicated only if fairly numerous instances of its use are recorded, and the rarer elements have therefore in many cases been summarily dealt with. The various categories (as 'hill', 'farm', 'tree' etc.) of elements arrange themselves in larger groups. One of these groups contains elements which give a general description of the site, a hill, clearing, grove, etc., in which the moot was held. These names SURVEY OF ELEMENTS FOUND IN HUNDRED thus denote mere physical features. Another group consists of NAMES names of various features of man's making, such as earthworks, dykes, bridges, churches, farms or cnclosures, 'which were used The lists given below contain a survey of the elements used as meeting-places. To this group also belongs the category of in forming hundred-names and notes On their meaning and distri­ names which denotes a structure set up specially for the purposes bution. of the moot, a shelter, a platform Or benches for the court. A third The first section deals with the names according to their very interesting group is that which contains names of particular meaning. Elements of similar meaning, as 'hill', 'barrow', 'valley', objects, natural or artificial, such as barrows, trees, stones or etc. are brought together and considered as a whole. posts, at which the hundred ,vould meet. In this section only the more primitive type of name, denoting On the whole this is the arrangement of the various cate­ ancient meeting-places, is considered. Thus this portion of the gories of elements followed below, but the groups cannot always survey gives information about the character of the sites chosen be kept strictly apart. OE gent 'gate', for instance, also means for the meetings of the hundred in different parts of England, 'gap', and then denotes a physical feature. OE beorg and hliiw about customs connected with the moot, Or about the manner of mean both 'hill' and 'barrow, burial-mound'. 'Hill' belongs to the its holding. first group, and 'barrow' to the second or third, but the meaning Names of hundredal manors or capita are only adduced for cannot be determined in all cases. All names in beory and hliiw i, comparison, but the following sections contain classified lists of are therefore dealt with under one heading, though under each i the elements of all hundred-names whose etymologies have been word an attempt is made to group the names according as they dealt with in the Conrse of the investigation. There are also lists mean 'hill' or 'barrow'. If t.he sites are known, 'hill' or 'barrow', of personal names found in hundred-names. as the case may bc, is added in brackets after each name. One chief aim of the first section is to fi~ the meaning of the 'Yords for 'hill', beorg, hlau', dun, hyU, hoh, etc., form much second elements in hundred-names, and hence of the names them­ the largest group of hundred-names. Hundred meeting-places were selves, by a comparative study of each name-group. The means often - also in Cases where the name does not allude to the used for this arc, first the etymology, which throws light on the basic fact - situated on hill-tops or on high ground so as to afford meaning; then the nature of the first elements which often have • the hundred-men an undisturbed view of the surrounding country a direct bearing on the meaning of the second element; and thirdly and assure their priYacy. the evidence of the site itself in so far as it is known. By these Yet the most common meaning of beorg and hliiw in hundred­ means it is often possible to arrive at a fairly accurate estimate names is doubtless 'barrow'. In some cases the barrows were of the meaning of each name. As the etymology is only used as \ moothills, in others they were burial-mounds apparently called a means of fixing the meaning, it has not been necessary to deal l after the persons buried in them, and dating from the period fully with the etymologies of the elements whose meaning is clear. before the introduction of . These names are of the 158 O. S. AnderSOIl The English Hundred-Names 159 same nature as numerous Scandinavian hundred-names in haugr charters, and hundreds often met on the boundaries of parishes, 'mound' from the . or on commons, so as to be on neutral ground. Certain other names may give further indication that moots A third explanation that has been advanced is that meeting­ were often held at graves or memorials of the dead. The names places, stones, trees, etc. were called after the hundredman or in stow which have personal names for their first elements lawman who was the chief man in the hundred! It is quite likely may refer to burial-places; and it is probable that many of the that the lawman assembled the men of the hundred at some tree, numerous group of hundred-names in stun 'stone' denote stones stone Or other spot on his estate, and that the meeting-place thus set up in memory of a dead king or chieftain, as was the custom got its name from him. This is no doubt the explanation of in Scandinavia too. We have also the common hundred-names in hundred-names in stoe and stow combined with pers. names, if kross in the Danelaw, which no doubt often refer to memorial these words mean 'meeting-place' (cf. below). We seem to have crosses. proof of it in the name of Frustfield hd W, 'the chief's field', It is not improbable that some of the numerous hundred-names which may tell us that the hundred met On the estate of its chief. in 'tree', which almost always contain pers. names, refer to trees There are some instances of a similar kind from the Danelaw, similary planted on the graves of the dead, a custom known to where hund~eds sometimes met at a mound (tree, cross or grove). have existed in ancient times. dedicated to the man who gave its name to the village in whose Other types of hundred-names which are also very common territory the meeting-place mound etc. was situated. In Yarlestree are those which refer to meetings at fords or bridges, names in Y we have an instance similar to Frustfield, the meeting-place 'ford' being very frequent in the eastern counties; and those which tree bearing the name of the jarl (earl), but if he was headman end in leah and feld, denoting an opening in a wood, or an open of the hundred or of a larger district remains uncertain. Lawress common or heath, on which the meetings of the hundred took wap Li CLaw-Wolf's coppice') was no doubt named from some place. Sometimes leah may mean 'wood', and one of the most lawman, famous enough to have had the fact recorded in his common hundred name elements in the Danelaw is ON lundr, name. which may refer to a sacred grove. Among the names listed below are many that contain a refer­ Hundred-names very often contain pers. names for their first ence to the hundred-moot, and which give information of the elements (v. lists below). Both compound and uncompounded manner of holding the moot, who attended it, etc. names are common, and there are many women's names among We have first names like Shamwell K and Dill Sx, which must them. Personal names are especially common in combination with refer to benches and a stage or platform for the court; or Seipe words for 'barrow' (beorg, hlilw), 'stone' and 'tree'. Other names hd W, which no doubt refers to some shelter used at the meetings also, e. g. those in stow, leah, burg etc., frequently contain pers. of the hundred. It is curious that the hundreds should take their names, not to mention names in worp, tiln and ham. names from these erections, which, unless the names have been As suggested above, one explanation of the frequency of pers. changed, were thus evidently in use from the very first. A change names with words for 'barrow', 'stone' or 'tree' is that the barrows of name is not likely either, for though there is considerable and stones, and to some extent the trees form or mark the burial­ fluctuation of names, changes occur according to certain rules. place or are the memorial of a chieftain or leader. Unless hundreds are combined, or take the names of their capita, Alternatively, it is possible that a stone or a tree named from the old names are seldom changed. a certain person was the boundary mark of his or her estate. The speech-making in the hundred-court is emphasized III Many boundary stones and trees are mentioned as landmarks in

1 CL Zachrisson, StNPh 5.19, Ekwall, ODP s. v. treow. I

160 O. S. Anderson The En'g-lish Hundred-Names 161 hundred-names like Spelhoe hd Np, SpelllOge hd Nf, 'the speech given its name to a hundred, and Tingrith Bd, close to the hill', and Spelthorne hd Mx, 'the speech thorn'. There arc many meeting-place of Manshead hd. other names, not hundred-names, which contain OE spell 'speech', In the Danelaw the Scand. counterpart of OE ping oeeurs in and refer to meetings at which speeches were made, e. g. Spe))ow several names. We may note Thingoe hd Sf, from ON pinghaugr La 'the speech hi))' (ODP) , OE Spelstou'e GI (BCS 165) 'the 'rnoot.-hiJI', and Thingwall Ch and La, whieh are counterparts of speech-place', Spell Howe Y, perhaps the meeting-place of Torbar Pingrellir in Iceland and the Tymvald Mount in the Isle of Man.! hd, Sperberry Hill Hrt, the meeting-place of Hitchin hd, Speller Skyrack wap Y means 'oak where the shire meets', Shirley hd Close Np, the meeting-place of Stoke hd, and several other names Ha is 'clearing for the shire·moot', and some other names in OE in Spel- in the same county (c£. PNNp). Spetchley 'Vo, at the SC1T have a similar meaning. Skirmett Bk (PNBk xvii) is from meeting-place of Oswaldslow hd, from OE spmc 'speech' also OE sdr-gemot 'shire-moot'. Skirmett is near Fingest and refers belongs here, like Matlask Nf and Matlock Db, which contain to the same moot as that name. Other instances are mentioned OE rnmpel 'speech' or 'meeting'. In Rapsgate hd GI we probably in ODP (s. v. sc'ir). have mention of the judicial procedure of the hundred-court. Hnndredsbarrow hd Do contains the word 'hundred(-eourt)' it­ Other words for 'moot' or 'meeting' oecur in many names. We self,' and Freebridge Nf Cpeace bridge') may have been a bridge have Modbury hd Do which is 'moot-hill', and numerous names, protected for the holding of the hundred moot. not hundred-names, containing the word 'moot', occur all over Finally, some hundred-names contain a reference to the per­ England. Modbury Dv, which is identical with the Dorset hundred­ sons who attended the court. Charlton hd Brk refers to a hill name, may have been the early meeting-place of Ermington hd; on which the freemen of the hundred gathered, and Carlford hd and there is a third Modbury in Dorset nr . FIendish hd Sf is probably a Scandinavianized form of OE *Ceorlatord 'ford Ca met at Mutlow Hill, and another Mutlow Hill was the meeting­ where the freemen meet'. Knightlow \Va, originally the meeting­ place of Uttlesford hd Ess. Harlow hd Ess held its moots at place of three hundreds, a '&hip-', contains OE CJliht 'servant, Mulberry, earlier Motebery, Green, Eastbourne hd Sx met at Mot­ retainer, man'. Doubtle~s the word here refers to the men attend­ combe, and the meeting-plaees of Hinckford, Winstree and Bury ing the court, as does perhaps also cild in Chilford hd Ca. Cild hds were at places called Motstou'e. All these eontain OE gem6t 'child' also means 'yonth, m:m of noble birth' etc. in OE, and 'moot, meeting'. Some moot-places. are mentioned in OE sources, may oceur in some such sense as 'freeman, sokeman' in numerous e. g. gernotleah 'moot glade' (BCS 1213) in Kinwardstone hd, or Chiltons and Chileots." gernothus 'moot house' (BCS 596) in Micheldever hd, and there Swanborough hd ,V and Sx is no doubt to be eonnected v,ith is mention of various places called gemotbeorg 'moot hill' identi­ the 'swanimote', lit. 'meeting of swineherds'. Wittery Sa probably eal with Modbury above (BCS 392, 702, KCD 741). Other names contains the word 'lI'ita 'wise man, couns811or'. There is a further containing gemot are Mutlow Ch, Motcombe Do and Mobberley reference to the meetings of thewitan in u'itena leage BCS 1312, Ch (ODP) , which, though not names of hundreds, all denote 'the eOllncil glade'. In Brentry Gl and Seckll)e Bk we have possible ancient meeting-places; and probably also Mutford hd Sf, 'moot instances of meeting-s of warriors (OE beorn, secg). ford'. ----- 1 Cf. also IPN 88. Thingwall La was probably the meeting-place of OE fling 'thing, meeting' occurs in Tingley Y, the meeting­ W. hd (Ekwa1I in Sydsvpnska OrtnamnssnJJsk. Arsskr. lH26, p. 6), place of Morley wap, and in Thingley W (Thingele 1275, Tyngle , For other names containing the word 'hundred', v. Index. 1289, Thyngele 1332 PNW), the meeting-place of Chippenh3m hd. 3 Cf. the discussion in PNWo 50, ODP ~. v.Chillon, Knighton, lIfawer, Other names in ping, names of aneient moot-places, are Fingest PNs and History 27 f., Stenton, English Feudalism 133 f., Bnck, 'Child, Boy, Bk, Finedon Np and Thinghill He (ODP), none of which have Girl' in OE 126 f. Knighton in Berkshire was held in 1066 by 5 liberi homines, in' Dorsetshire by 2taini and in JI:lmpshire by 8 liberi homines. Childerley Ca was held TRE by 4 sochemanni lMawer. oIl'. cit.). 11 162 O. S. Anderson The English IlIindred-Names 163 In some hundred-names there is mention of other activities. word is used both in the sense 'mountain, hill' and in the sense Ganfield Brk tells us that the meetings of the hundred were held 'mound, barrow'. The latter meaning survived in SW. dial., and on a playfield, and evidently connected with sports of some kind has been introduced again into standard English in barrow (NED). or other. A number of other names refer to meet.ings at places In the north it cannot always be separated from ON berg (cf. of worship, the hundred-men combining the hundredal assembly below). The ME form in PNs is regularly berge, berghe, later with sacrificial rites. Thus )1'odneslawe Bd and T hunreslau Ess (13th-14th cent.) ber(e)11'e, but in most cases the modern form are 'hill dedicated to Woden and to Punor' respectively, and is -borough, (rarely) -bury. This is due to COnfusion with names Thurstable Ess records a gathering at a post or pillar sacred to in OE burg 'castle', the form in -bury (etc.) generally appearing the same god. Ghidenetroi Sx may be 'the tree of the goddess', from the 14th century onwards. Occasionally it is earlier, as in and Easwrith Sx 'the sacred grove'. Here v.. e may also refer Princes Risborough Bk where there is hesitation between beorg many names of oaks, ashes or thorn-trees, all having sacred and burg as early as late OE. The confusion is as a rule due associations, or hundred-names derived from holy springs (e. g. to the similarity of sound, especially in a weakly stressed syllable. Halikeld Y). We may here also note Wye (hd) K, from OE llJig In one case (Bosmere Ha), there has been confusion between beorg 'heathen temple', which was the meeting-place of the Kentish and mere 'pool', probably partly through dissimilation. council in 839 and again in 845 (BCS 426, 449). In many cases it is impossible to distinguish between the Other hundred-names may tell us of ancient customs, e. g. meanings 'hill' and 'barrow, funeral mound'. This is especially Birdforth Y or Brightford Sx, 'the brides' ford'; or Maidstone K, true of hundred-names, the sites from which the names are derived 'the maidens' stone'. But the majority of the rest of the names being often lost, so that their character cannot be determined by only contain a reference to the topography of the site. Among an examination of them; Or the barrow may have disappeared, these one grOllp deserves special mention, 1Jiz. hundred-names so that a name in beorg or hlilw which seems to be the name of formed from the name of a place, like Barkston Ash Y, Morleston a hill may actually refer to a lost barrow (cf. e. g. Ploughley ('Morley Stone') Db, Bingham's Howe (Bingameshou) Nt, Louthesk Hill 0). Li ('Louth Ash'), Leightonstone Hu, Upton Green, Collingtree As a rule it is safe to say that if the first el. is a pn beorg Stone (Coltrewestan) , Nobottle Grove Np, Moulsoe Low (Mole­ means 'barrow'. In England as in Scandinavia the hundred moot s01leslau) Bk, Shotover Low (Soterlaw) 0; cf. also Hurstingstone was often held at the burial-mound of some chieftain or other Hu, 'the stone of the people at Hurst', and Chechemetorn W, 'the person of note, the mound taking its name from the person buried thorn of t.he people of Chedglow'. in it. Of the dozen or so hundred-names in beorg combined with pns The general distribution of the elements most common in (Babergh Sf, Honesberie Wa, Fissesberge Wo, Brightwel1sbarrow hundred-names is: ford and hOh common in the east midlands Gl, Houndsborough So, Albretesberge, Hunesberge Do, Branch (ford especially in E. Anglia); likewise leah, which is also frequent (Brenchesberge) W, Bosmere, Bountisborough, Mainsborough Ha, in some southern counties; hliiw and treaw common in t.he west Kinewardesberge 0, Loningborough, Bewsborough K) the exact midlands; and bearg in the southern (especially the south-western) sites of three are known, and two of these (Brightwel1sbarrow, counties. KineU"ardesberge) are barrows. Bewsborough is on a hill, though I. English Names a barrow may of COurse once have stood here. 1. Names of Hills, Barrows Other names refer to barrows used as moot-hills, thus MOdburv., Hundredsbarrow Do (barrows), Swanborough W (barrow) and Sx, OE beorg 'hill', 'barrow' and probably Letberge Gl. OE beorg corresponds to Goth *bairgs (in bairgahei 'hill In most other cases the meaning is 'hill', the first els being country'), ON berg, bjarg, OS, OHG berg 'mountain'. In OE the common nouns or adjectives: 1) names of animals (insects): .~·.c ":5-- 11 ~"" .'.2...... •...... 'to,"]' I ,. The English Hundred-Names 164 O. S. Anderson 165 1 Hawkesborough Sx (or pn: Hafoc's barrow or hill), Loosebarrow hundred·name), \vhich has been looked upon as the burial mound Do; 2) referring to vegetation: Desborough (hill), Risborough (hill) of King Cwichelm I of . Bk, Risberge, Flexborough Sx, Felborough K (hill); or suostance: Here may also be mentioned Wodneslawe Bd and l'hunreslau Celberge Do (hill), Stanborough Dv (= OE stanbeorg 'rocky hill'); Ess, both containing names of heathen deities, though it is uncer­ or other peculiarity: 'Shuttlebourne W'; 3) adjeetives: Roborough tain if t.hese were hills or barrows. Other designations for human Dv (hill), Rowbarrow Do, Rueberge W, RowlJUry Brk (hill), all beings are contained in Knightlow Wu (barro\,,7) and Pathlow Wa containing OE rilh 'rough'; but. Langeberge Do is a (long) barrow. (barrow), the former of which contains a reference to the hundredal Charborol1gh Do is doubtful, and may be the name of t.he hundred­ (or other) assembly (hliiw = 'moot-hill'), and Harlow Ess ('army al manor. hill'). Barrows are also referred to in l'remlaw Wa, where the One may add here for the sake of comparison the famous first el. is a numeral ('three barrows'), and possibly in Derinlau (

OE dun 'hill' OE clif 'rock, hill-slope' I Identical with OS duna 'promontory', OFris, MLG, MDu dune, In current English cliff (ON, OS klit, MLG klit, klet, etc.) j EFris, G dilne, Du duin 'sand-hill'. The word is sometimes held has the special sense of 'perpendicular rocks', e>speci~tlly 'rocks ! to be an early Celtic loan-word, but that is hardly the case; facing the sea', but OE clit had a considerably more varied cL Forster 166 f. In current English the use of the word is fairly meaning, ranging from 'cliff' to 'gentle slope'. In local use the restricted (being mostly used of the 'Downs' on the south coast), sense 'slope' is still current (EPN). The word only occurs in but in OE diln was used about all kinds of hills: well-marked two or three hundred names: Rushcliffe Nt, Hartcliffe 80, also in ridges like Portsdown Ha, prominent hill-spurs like Staincliffe YWR, which is a Scandinavianized form of OE stanclit Do, isolated, rounded hills like Loveden Li or Willingdon Sx, or 'crag'. In Rushcliffe the meaning is 'hill-side', in Hartcliffe 'rock'. insignificant rises like Whorwelsdown W. Dun is fairly fre­ It is the first el. of Clifton(hd) Bd where it denotes a very quently combined with pns (Loveden Li, Tunendune Ch, Elsdon slight slope. As a second el. it has occasional forms in ·cleve He, Kilmersdon So, Canendone, Eggardon Do, Willingdon Sx and (etc.), which have been introduced analogice from the pI. cleotu, perhaps Waddesdon Bk); in Seisdon St and Charlton Brk the -a, own. first el. is also a personal designation, the latter referring to the gathering of the freemen of the hundred. Other nouns enter ~E ofer, ora 'border, edge, margin, bank' into Stottesdon Sa Chill where a stud of horses grazed'); Gersdone Oter is identical with G Vter (OS obar, OFris, MLG over) Gl, Farrington Do (names of plants); Whorwelsdown Wand 'shore', and ora is cognate with Lat rJra 'border, edge, margin', Warden Np ('watch-hill'). Adjectives are the first els of Smith­ ON ass 'mouth of river'. Both are used in the sense 'shore, bank', don Nf, Claydon Sf, Cawden Wand Ashendon Bk, and a place­ and are frequently mixed together. But in place-names ora also name that of Portsdown Ha. It is the first el. in Downhamford K. means 'hill-side, slope, edge of a hill'. This is the meaning in Lewknor 0 and Totnore Sx, where it is combined with pns, and OE hylI 'hill' in Hasilor, where it is combined with a tree-name.· Lewknoris Unlike diin, OE hyll is still used in much the same sense as below the scarp of the Chilterns and Hasilor on the slope of the in OE, no marked change of meaning having taken place. It is Purbeck Hills. Oter occurs alone in Overs Sa, where' it may have identical with MDu hille, LG hul, EFris hel 'hill', and allied to the same sense as ora, i. e. 'hill-slope'. But Ekwall (ODP s. v. Lat collis 'hill'. Hyll is not a frequent el. in hundred names. It oter) assumes that there also existed an OE *oter 'hill' with is used alone in Hill Li, and is combined with pns in Pimhill Sa, short 0, related to etes and yter, etc. If so, Overs may alternatively Auronehelle Sx and probably in Brownshall Do and Tintinhull So. contain this word. Harthill YER and probably Ixhill Bk contain names of animals, and Thornhill W the name of a bush or tree. Other hundred OE lloh, hrycg and heflfod share the same sense-development; names in hyll are Pirehill St ('look-out hill'), Buttinghill Sx (first while originally denoting parts of the human body, they have all el. a hill-name), Calehill K (adj.) and Coleshill Wa. developed the topographical meaning 'spur of land, hill, ridge'.

! 1 168 O. S. Anderson The English Hu:ndred·Namcs 169

OE hob Other elements belonging to this group ('hill') are hangra 'hill­ The original meaning of hah is 'heel'. It is connected with slope', *clent 'rock', penn 'hill', miiga 'heap', and possibly wrasn OE hela 'heel' and phonologically identical with 'hough'. In PNs 'band, tie, knot', though its meaning in PNs is uncertain (cf. it is often used of a spur of land or ridge, originally one that Ekwall in Studia Germanica, p. 41 f., and PNEss 373 f.); also resembled a heel (cf. NED hoe sb,' heugh). This meaning is also bolm and beah. Hangra occurs twice, the others only once each. found occasionally in literary use and in dialect. The dat. form was ho, and this form frequently occurs in PNs, hut there was Distribution. Some of the words for 'hill', 'barrow' have a fairly marked local distribution, this being most noticeable in also a new formation hoge > howe, and it is therefore sometimes difficult to distinguish hah from ON haugr 'mound' (e. g. Bing­ regard to beorg and hliJu'. Beorg occurs in Sf (1), Wa (1), Wo (1), hameshou Nt; cf. also Greenoe and Gallmv Nf). The word is Gl (2), So (1), Dv (2), Do (9), W (4), Ha (3), Brk (1), 0 (1), fairly common in hundred-names. It is used alone in Hoo K, and Bk (2), Sx (4) and K (3). Hlaw (hUihc) occurs in Nt (1), Li (1), is combined with pns in Elloe Li, Hamfordshoe Np, Moulsoe Bk Sf (1), Ca (1), Np (1), Wa (5), Wo (4), St (2), Ch (2), Sa (3), and Cassio Hrt. In Spelhoe Np and Spelhoge Nf ('speech hill') lIe (3), Gl (3), W (2), Brk (1), 0 (2), Bk (3), Bd (2), Ess (2), ~x the first el. contains a reference to the speech-making in the Mx (1), (1), K (2). It appears from this that beorg is mostly hundred moot. Other nouns are compounded in Graffoe Li, found in hundred-names in the south, especially in the south-west Sparkenhoe Le (OE spracen 'alder'?), Ca and AJrnehoge of England, whereas hlilw is more evenly distributed with a cer­ Nf. Claro Y is doubtful. Attention may also be drawn to the tain preponderance for the ; but hliiw does not well-known old meeting-place ClofeshOh BCS 91, ASC(A) s. a. 822 occur in So, Dv, Do and Ha, i. e. in the SW., where beorg is most etc. (d. ODP, Closworth), though this is not the name of a hundred. common; and the hundreds with names in hliiw in Gl and W are in the north of these counties. It should be remembered that OE hr)'cg 'back', 'ridge' there are many more hundreds in So, Do or Ha than in, for in­ The original meaning was 'back', but the present meaning of stance, St and Ch, so that the percentage of names in hliiw brings the word, 'ridge', is found in PNs and charters as early as OE, out the difference still more clearly. though lIot recorded in literature till the 16th century (NED). It OE hah also occurs in hundred-names only in certain counties, occurs in five hundred-names (of which four are from Devon), being found in YWR (1), Li (2), Le (1), Nf (at least 2), Ca (1), viz. Allerige, Coleridge, Hayridge, Witheridge Dv and Tandridge Np (2) and Bk (1), but not in the west or south of England. Sr. The first els are nouns, except possibly in Allerige. We may also note hrycg, which is found 4 times in Dv, and OE brec 'back' may similarly occur in the sense 'ridge' in only once in any other county. The rest of the els of this group Burbeach Sx. occasion no comment.

OE beafod 'head' The transferred sense 'headland, hill' occurs already in OE in 2. Words for 'Place' PNs (BT). Various other transferred senses occur Cupper end', OE stoc, stow 'source' etc.). The meaning 'hill' is found in Manshead Bd and The meaning of these elements in PNs is not always easy to probably in Swinehead Gl. define. The former is treated in detail by Professor Ekwall in OE spura 'spur' SPN 11 f., where the general meaning of the word is taken to This word, which is also used in the transferred sense 'spur be 'cattle-farm, dairy-farm'. For some hundred-names, such as of land' in PNs may be mentioned together with the aboye three. Redbornstoke Bd and Winterstoke So, Stoke Poges Bk and Stoke It occurs in Goldspur Sx. 1 Albany Np, a specialised meaning of 'meeting-place' is assumed, 170 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names 171

and the same suggestion is made in ODP for stow in Stowmarket; 'opening in a wood, glade' (cf. e. g. Holthausen, EtW, Hellquist cL also Engl. Hundr-Names p. XXXI\'. This meaning is especially s. v. 1,0, NED s. v. lea), but the meaning 'wood' is also very plausible for Northstow Ca, which is not at the same time the old and 'vide-spread; it oceurs in Lat lucus 'grove', with which name of a place, hut simply denotes the meeting-place of the leah is cognate. In OE bot.h meanings are found, but in PNs it hundred. is not always possible to distinguish between them; cf. NGN 1. In a fairly large number of hundred-names stow is combined 155 ff., PPN 95 ff. When composed with names for trees, as in with personal names, viz. in Broxtowe Nt, Eadboldes stowe Np, Berkeley Gl (manor), Ascleie So, Esselei Ha, the meaning of leah Alstoe Ru, Grimboldestoll (later -ash) GI, Wichestanestou (latcr is probably 'wood', and this is apparently also the meaning in -tree) Bd and Bunsty Bk, perhaps also in Aslakestou Db. Alstoe Cheveley Ca, Startley and Selkley W, which are called 'woods' is the name of a tumulus, and arguing from this and from a pame in early documents, and perhaps in Mursley Bk. Note also Aclea like Hibaldstow Li, 'the burial-place of S1. Hygebald" one might ('oak wood') ASC(E) s. a. 782, 789, BCS 321 L, 455, an old assume the meaning 'burial-place' for the above group '; cf. Engl. meeting-place. These names might be compared with the Scand. Hundr.-Names 1. c.; but 'meetjng-place' is also a possible meaning hundred-names in -lund, which may have been names of sacred for some of them. For some other similar cases v. ODP s. v. stow. groves,.in which the moots were held, but there is nothing in Albanestou Hrt means 'church of St. Alban'. the names themselves to indicate that they denote groves of t.his kind.! OE stede In most cases the meanjng of leah is doubtless 'clearing, open Identical with Goth staps, OHG stat (G Stadt, -staff), OS'stad, place in a wood, pasture, grass-land'. This is no doubt the case stedi, etc. The usual meaning is 'site, place', and this occurs in when the first el. is 1) a personal name as in Egelweardeslea Np, Henstead Nf, where the meaning 'hundred site' is probable, and Wymersley Np, Martinsley Rn, Witchley Ru, Bisley Gl, Budleigh Tunstead Nf (= OE tunstede 'farmstead'), but other meanings also Dv, Godley Sr, Barelay, Brenchley K; 2) the name of a domestic developed in OE. In Binsted Sx the first el. denotes crops, and animal, as in 'Vetherley Ca ('pasture for wethers'), perhaps also the meaning may be '(bean) field'. 'Green place' is hardly a in Foxley Np, but in Ruxley K 'wood' seems more probable: satisfactory rendering of Grinstead (Sx); the exact meaning of 'rooks' wood'; 3) a noun describing the quality of the soil or the the name may be 'grazing-ground, pasture'. There are, however, vegetation: Cleley Np, Mawsley Np, Stoneleigh (manor?) Wa, but few hundred-names in stede, so that no general notion of Fa",ley Ha, Bromley K; and in Somerley Sx and Shirlcy Ha; its meaning can be obtained from them. or 4) an adjective of size: Bradley Li, Cl, Langley Gl and Little K; perhaps also in Whitley So, A few are doubtful: Morley YWR, TVitelai Gl, Loxley So. Here may also be mentioned Hey Oak W, 3. Names denoting 'Clearing', 'Wood', 'Field', etc. the 19lea of the ASC (s. a. 878), which was the meeting-place of hd. OE leah 'open place in a wood, clearing, wood' The dat. of leah is regularly lea, whence frequent forms in OE leah is identical with OHG loh, lOch 'wood'. MHG, MLG -le; but by the side of Wa also occurs a new formation -Wage, lOch, lO 'coppice', MDu la 'wood', ON l6, OSw lD '\vater-meadow', :ME -leye, -laye. In Domesday the form is lege, lei(e), le(a), lai, ModE lea 'pasture-land, grass-land'. The original meaning was etc., and occasionally -lie, e. g. in Fawley Ha (ie - e). A dat. plur. leam seems to occur in Acklam YER. 1 If so, the doublets Grimboldestou: Grumbald's Ash and JVichestanestou: Wixamtre~ may be compared with Tatmonnes apoldel' and beOTfJels BCS 834, 1125 (cf. Engl. Hundr.-Names p. XXXVII), a tree having apparently been 1 Cf. the NOTw. Oslo, which means 'grove of the gods', and WilIey, planted on the grave of the deceased. Tuesley Sr (PNSr 175, 200), Thunder(s)ley Ess, above p. 42, etc.

1 ;1..:.....:•.1 ~:.~~~- ",' I {",cl.'·, ••.•...... ---';~t'!'.'..,'•..•...•..••'. 172 O. R. Anderson .-;~~ , The English Hundred-Names 173 '-.\ "f ,. OE feld 'field, open land' ouly one or two examples of each. They are: OE ceart 'rough The original sense of teld is 'open, unenclosed land, plain'. common', rod 'clearing', mred, *mawe 'meadow' camp crsc cr~ft It is connected with Lat planus 'plain', Slav. polje 'field' etc.; 'fi Id' ',, e, ~ii,ra 'triangnlar piece of land' (in Gore l\fx and Evingar v. Persson, Beitr. z. indogerm. Wortforschung 227 f. In PNs the Ha), sceat 'corner, nook', grene 'green'. sense of the word varies, but it often has much the same mean­ ing as leak, though not sharing the latter's meaning of 'wood'. Distribution: Hundred-names in leak only occur in certain 'Pasturage' is a plausible meaning in Titchfield Ha, Rotherfield counties, but are strikingly freqllent in some of them. Thus there Sx (manor), where the first els are names of domestic animals; are 11 (or 12 if Fa""sley, the name of a hundredal manor, is probably also in Hartfield Sx, Larkfield K; and maybe in names included) instances in Np, Hu, Bk and Ca, but none in the adjacent in which the first el. is a pn: Andersfield So, Dole (steld) W, counties of Nf, Sf, Ess, Hrt, Bd, 0, Wa (Stoneleigh, probably the Framfield Sx; also in Frustfield W; in Barnfield K, if the meaning name of a hundredal manor), Le, and none in Wo, St, Ch and He. is 'barn field'; in Littlefield K where the first el. is an adj. of In Gl there are 4 (5) instances arid ill the adjoining county of size, and in Ninfield and Loxfield Sx. So 3; hundred-names in leak are also fairly frequent in Ha (4) In some other cases a meaning approaching Mod. 'heath' is and if.! K (4 or 5), but otherwise there are only a few scattered plausible, as in Gorseteteld Brk, Binfield 0, the first els of which examples in the southern counties or in the north (W, Sx and Y 2, refer to heathy growth; or in combination with colour adjectives . Brk, Sr, Dv and Li one each). Feld, on the other hand, is mostly in Blofield Nf ('Blofield Heath'), Radfield Ca; and in Netherfield found in the southern counties, K 4 instances, Sx (5 or '7, Sr, Brk Sx. Meeting-places were often on open commons or heaths. The and W 2, Ha, Do, So, 0, Ca, Nf and Y, one each. We JJlav also meaning 'heath' is also found in the compound k{EPfeld (,heathy note the repeated occurrence in VV of grat, which is only -found teld; h{Ep is here a plant-name; cf. Sw ljungked), which occurs once elsewhere (Np) as a second el. (cL also Gravesende ib.). in early forms of Blackheath Sr, K, but is later ousted by h{Ep 'heath'. (The simplex h{Ep 'heath' occurs in Codsheath K in com­ 4. Names of Valleys or Hollows bination with a pers..n.). In Ganfield the meaning is 'place for' an activity (cL Mod. 'battlefield' and BTSuppl teld 4). To a few OE cl1mb 'valley' others no distinctive meaning can be assigned (Cherchetelle Sr, Oecurs in four names of hundred meeting-places, all except Blynfield Do, Driffield YE). Fernecumbe \Va from the south-west, viz. Wacrescumbe Gl, Tot­ combe, Uggescombe Do. Cumb (W Cll'm) generally means 'a deep, Other words for 'wood' occurring in hundred names are in narrow valley between hills' in PNs, but in uial. other meanings order of frequency byrst (5), graf 'grove' (3), bearu 'grove', (3), also occur. In TVacrescumbe and probably in Uggescombe the first wudu 'wood' (3), bolt 'wood' (2), *elre 'alder copse' (1), wrIll (1), el. is a pn; possibly also in Tutcombe; in Fernecu171be it is the and possibly wrasn (1 cL above). As appears they are not common, name of a plant. and therefore do not give occasion to comment, except to note OE denl1 'valley' that hyrst, which probably originally meant 'wood' (Torp Nyn. Forms the second el. of 5 (6) names. In Cogdean Do :md perhaps etym. ordb. s. v. rust; ODP s. v. hyrst), has also the meaning' in Ha the first els are names of birds. In Stodden Bd 'wooded hill, hillock', and that 11Ifi/) means 'thicket, coppice' the first el. is st6d 'stud of horses'. In Bullingdon it mav be OE rather than 'wood'. *Bula pn or bula 'bull', but comparison with Stoddcn (~nd with Several words for 'field', 'pasture' other than leak, teld etc. other similar names, e. g. Stottcsdon Sa) favours the latter alterna­ occur in hundred names, but apart from denn 'swine-pasture', tiv~. Lexden Ess seems to contain a pn. Bullingdon and Cogdean, which occurs four or five times in K and once in Sx, there is \ I whIch I have seen, arc wider and shallower hollows than e. g. Tot-

If r ------

174 O. S. Anderson The Englit;h HUlltlretl-Names 175 combe, and of a different shape, but this should not be taken as of this in the first els., whieh are of various kinds. Halikeld Y a general characteristic of denu. Dean is now used in dial. of a means 'holy spring', however, but this is probably a Norse name. deep, narrow vale of a rivulet (NED), and in PNs often denotes Sometimes wi.ella means 'stream' as in Freshwell Ess. The a deep, narrow valley. The meaning of denu may originally have transition from 'spring' to 'stream' (fIo\ving from a spring) is been more extensive than that of cumb. easy to understand; ef. ERN 444.

The base is *dani- and a-forms from OE (E occur sporadically Here also belongs Ewelme 0, from OB rewielm 'spring, source in Lexden and Bullingdon. Owing to weak stress, denu is con­ of a river'. fused with dun in Bullingdon and occasionally in early forms of other names. Other words for 'stream' are rare in names of hundred sites. Other elements of a similar meaning are still rarer. OE pytt OE burna occurs in Blackbourne Sf, K, Easebourne Sx, and as 'grave, hole, pit' occurs in Bermondspit and Wolfpit Ha, the a first el. in Burnham Bk (and in several names of the capita of latter being really a common noun. OE sea}J 'pit, well' is probably hundreds: Milborne So, , Cranborne Do, Sombourne, the second el. of Odsey Hrt, and OE drel possibly that of Hefedele Hurstbourne Ha, Lambourn Brk, 'Vestbourne, Eastbourne Sx). ~roc Ha. Note also OE hop in Scray K, the name of a lathe; one may OE 'brook, marsh' occurs in two names in Kp, viz. Pole­ add OE foxlftll in Fexhole Wa. brook and Willybrook (names of adjacent hundreds), in Cranbrook K, and in Bolingbroke (manor) Li. OE beee 'stream' is the second PI. of Wishech Ca, and, per­ 5. Names denoting 'Pool, Spring, Stream' etc. haps, Burbeach Sx; OE lacu 'stream' OCCurs in Shiplake Sx; and OE mere 'pool, mere, lake' OE rIll 'stream' possibly enters into Boldre Ha. A considerable number of hundreds, nine or ten in all, in Together with these IIIay perhaps also he mentioned OE leg various parts of England, were named from meres. There is 'island', 'land in the midst of marshes', occurring in Fuwelege Nf, further evidence of meetings at meres in the name Wlllfamere Lydney Gl, Dengie Ess and Oxney K. ('wolf pool'; BCS 576, 1266), where meetings were held in 898 and again in 970. The first els of hundred-names in mere are: 6. Means of Communication a personal name in Younsmere Sx and Bosmere Sf; a folk-name OE ford in ingas in HOl'mer Brk; animal-names in Bulmer Y, Hartismcre Many hundreds were called after fords, near which their Sf and Welesmere Sx; other noun in Ripplesmere Brk; adjectives meetings were held. These names arc particularly Common in in Brademere Sf and Falmer Sx; Patemere (Ha) is uncertain. the eastern counties, in , Suffolk, Cambridge and Essex. Bosmere and Brademere are large pools or lakelets; most of the In Ford Sa the word occurs without a qualifying el. In some of others arc lost or have vanished. The names in mere have a the names the first els refer to the gathering, as probably in markedly local distribution: 3 in Sf, 2 in Brk and 3 in Sx (and CarIford Sf, Chilford Ca and Mutford Sf, or to the folk or com­ Bulmer Y and Mere W, a manor), thus occurring in groups. munity in whose territory it lay, as in Armingford Ca and Hinck­ Here also belongs OE wleter in Broadwater Hrt, the name of ford Ess. Other fords were named 1) from a particular person, a large pool or lakelet. owner or builder (first el. a pn): Eynsford Nf, WhittIesford Ca, OE wiella 'spring, stream' Caisford Hrt, Chelmsford Ess, Avisford Sx; also in Kinghamford Some other hundreds derive their names from meeting-plaees K; from other users in Brightford Sx; 2) names of animals using at springs, viz. Well (wap) Li, Flaxwell Li, Blakeu'elle Db (or the ford (or by whieh the ford could be used) aTe the first els 'stream'? v. below), Rothwell Np and Shoyswell Sx. Some of of Blllfol'd YNR, Hertford Hrt, Rochford Ess; 3) the purpose for these may have been holy springs, though there is nO indication which the ford was used iR expressed by the first els of Barford 17G O. S. Amlerson The English Hundred-Names 177 Bd ('ford for carting corn (barley)'; cL Heyford Np 'hay ford'), in. His?ridge Sf it seems to denote a brush-wood causeway (cf. UtUesford E~s, Wonford Dv ('ford used for going to the pasture'), Illsebndge PNEss 119). The form of the word is ME brigge, Wangford Sf ('wagon ford'). ;j) In Downhamford K the refE'rence brugge, bregge according to dialect, but even in dialects where is to a neighbouring place; in Ockford Brk, Tollerford Do, prob­ OE [yJ usually remains or becomes e, i-forms arc common (OE ably Cosford Sf (river names), and in Welford Ha to the stream y > i before pal. cons.; cL Biilbring § 307). In parts of the Dane­ which it crossed; in Stretford lIe, Strafforth YWR to a Homan law brycg is difficult to distinguish from ON bryggja 'bridge'. road;' and in Mitford ~f to its position. Other first els. refer 6) to the nature of the ford: bottom (Samford Sf, W), OE ~eat 'gate' vE'getation (Wilford Sf, Witchford Ca, Hemlingford Wa, perhaps The original meaning of geat was 'opening, hole'. It is identi­ Lackford Sf), or othE'r pE'culiarity CWumpford Sx, Slottisford cal with ON, l\1HG gat, OFris jet 'hole, opening', OS gat 'hole' Brk). Tlw first els. are 7) adjectives in Bradford Sa and HoIford etc. In literary OE the meaning is 'gate, door', but the meaning Cl (and in Bradford W, Diptford Dv, manors). 'opening, gap' in general occurs in some PNs, as Wingate 'windy The form of the word is generally -forde throughout ME, but gap' etc. (Wingate HilI, the meeting-place of the West Riding; in DB the d fl:equently becomes t. As t is rare in other early cL PNDy 560, 582, PNSr 292, PNWa 280, PN\V 114, 397). Geat! forms, the unvoieing is doubtless due to Norman influence (cf. v. occurs in a considerable number of hundred-names (for a full list Feilitzen (partly differently) 97 and ref.). In Strafforth YWR v. below). It is mostly compounded with a noun, except in B1ean­ final d became [11), and sporadic th-forms occur of other names gate K (name of forest), and possibly in Plegeliet He. But as (Ford Sa, Eynsford Nf, Armingford Ca, Hemlingford Wa, Stow­ the latter is only recorded in Domesday, the form is uncertain.' ford W). In Mitford Nf -pt- developed into -tf- by dissimilation .Most of the names are names of gates (certain instances are Kifts­ (ef. Jordan § 205), as in the common PN Hatfield « OE hiEpteld), gate, Buddlesgate, Reigate, Bleangate). Thorngate Ha lIlay refer and t in Brightford Sx seems to be due to unvoicing before f. to a gap in some hills, but the site is lost. Fishcrsgate Sx (like Here also belong OE -fyrde in Twiferde Gl, Twyford K, a ja­ \Vestgate K, ODP) may have been an opening in the sea-wall leading to the sea. Bleangate and Reigate were gates leading into derivative of the stem of ford, with the same meaning as the a forest or enclosure. simplex; and OE (ge)wlecl in Depwade Nf, Biggleswade Bd. In 11th, 12th and 13th cent. spellings the form of the word OE br~'cg 'bridge' is oftcn -gete, -iete, -iate, -yete, -, forming a direct continua­ Bridges also fairly often gave their names to hundreds, tion of OE -ge(a)te. But later -gate forms become common, and espeei:llly in the southern counties (Ha, Sx and K 3 examples this form is universal in the modern forms of the names in question. each). The word is used alone in Bridge K. The first els denote It is an analogical form, due to the extension of the [g] and the owners (or builders) in Mansbridge Ha, Aloesbridge K, perhaps Towel of the plur. ga,tu, gata, gatwn to the sg. In some names Winnibriggs Li (pers. names), and in Fordingbridge Ha (name of this form occurs throughOllt (BIeangate, Westgate K, Fishersgate community); material in Risbridge Sf, Stanbridge Bd and Stock­ Sx, Thorngate Ha). Geat-names occur in groups (cf. Engl. lIundr.­ bridge Sx; use in Hotherbridge Sx. Other OE nouns occur in Names, S\V. Counties, p. XIV, and below p. 196). Rpdbridge Ha (an alteration of Ill'eodford 'reedy ford') and Free­ bridge Nf (if not of Scand. origin), which possibly contains a Though hundred sites are as a rule situated on roads or at referencp to the hundred-moot. River names are the first els of the junction of roads, names referring to this arc rare. Teignbridge Dv and Elmbridge Sr. Longbridge Sx, K, Langebrige 81 and Kingsbridge Ware compounds with adjectives. The mean­ 1 If the Domesday form is correct, the first el. may be OE pleghyll 'games' hill', or possibly a cognate of LG plegel 'flail', in some sense ing of brycg is clearly 'bridge' in most of the above cases, but referring to the action of the gate, rather than Pleghelm pn. ]2 178 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names 179

OE weg 'road' occurs in three names: Ringoltdes1JJee So (first OE eor}Jburg 'earthwork' 1 occurs in Yarborough Li, the name el. pers. n.), Barlichway Wa (noun), and Whiteway Do; cL also I ] of a prehistoric fortress; and probably in Gereburg YWR. Shepway K, the meeting place of a lathe. i OE stOllfalOlI 'fold for a stud of horses' (Stodfald Bd, Np, W) OE strret occurs in two cases (Streat Sx, Street K) (cf. also is often used of ancient earthworks (IPN 150 L). under ford above). OE die 'dike, ditch' OE lanu (1) and sUg (2;?) also ocem. ! Corresponds to OS dic 'fishpond', OFris dik 'dyke', MLG, EFris dik 'dyke, (fish)pond', EFris also 'ditch', MDu dijc 'dyke, pool, fishpond', MHG tich 'dyke, (fish)pond', G Deich 'dyke', Teich 7. Names denoting 'Fortress, Entrenchment' 'pond',Du dijk 'dyke', ON diki 'fen, ditch', Mod E ditch, dyke (dike). The meaning 'pond, pool' may occur in Diss (hd) Nf. In OE burg 'castle' hundred-names the meaning is otherwise always 'dyke, entrench­ Identical with Goth batlrgs 'town', OHG, OS, OFris burg ment', and several of the dykes from which the names were 'fortress, castle, town', ON borg 'fortress, wall' etc. A fairly large derived are extant or are known to have existed, e. g. Coombs number of hundreds have names in burg. In several cases these Ditch Do; Launditch Nf, Underditch W. The word occurs by are derived from ancient earthworks or 'camps', which were itself in Dicon (dat. pI.) Np, later known as Langdyke, and in hundred meeting-places. At Guilsborough Np, Salmonsbury GI Dic YNR (or Scand.). In three names the first els are pns, viz. and Badbury Do earthworks are still extant or known to have Launditch Nf, Abdick So and Underditeh W (woman's name), existed. Here also doubtless belong Bury Sx, Portbury So (caput?), Coombs Ditch Do probably having a hill-name for its first el. Blewbury, Kintbury Brk, Banbury 0, Ludborough Li, and probably Rodedic Ha is compounded with the adj. rilh 'rough'. FIendish W (for a full list, including names of capita.• v, below). Ca seems to mean 'fugitives' dyke', but there is much vacillation burg But in OE was also used about a dwelling surrounded by in the forms between OE {leam 'flight' and fl'iema (or {leming) a wall (cf ASC s. a. 755 and BTSuppl), and this simpler kind fugitive, and this may point to two distinct variants of the name. of fortification may be referred to in some cases, especially when The form is -ditch or -dike (dick) according as the nom. or the first cl. is a pn, e. g. in Bibury Gl, Heytesbury (manor), inflected forms became prevalent. The variation is analogous to· Alderbury Wand Bucklebury Brk (all four containing women's that in PNs in -wick, -wich (Cornelius, Stud. z. Engl. Phil. 50. 353 names), Gl (manor), Congresbury So (manor) and -416). The development of [ditJ] > [dif] of FIendish is quite: Aylesbury Bk; also in Kingsbury So (manor) and in Westbury late. The reason may partly he weak stress. Gl, W. Eddisbury Ch is stated in ASC(C) to have been built (getimbred) in 914, and was a fortress of the Saxon age. The burg at Bibury Gl was probably built in the second half of the 8. Names denoting 'Enclosure, Dwelling', etc. 8th century. OE tun 'enclosure, homestead, village, town' The form of the el. is generally a continuation of the OE dat. There is a very large number of hundred-names in tun, but byrig, the ME form being regularly -buri, -byri, -beri - not most of these are names of hundredal manors. In a considerahle strictly distributed according to dialect - in the names from the number of cases, however, there can be no douht that the names south of England, but the second el. of Ludborough Li and Guils­ denote meeting-places of hundreds, the hundred moot being held -burge borough Np goes back to OE (similarly Aldborough Y, at the village itself or near it. OE tun is identical with G Zaun Yarborough Li). 'fence', and it forms the base of OE tfjnan 'to enclose', so that OE burg is the first el. of Burbeach Sx.

1 This is after all at least as probable as ON jarriborg, the same. t,

fi(",,'

180 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names un the original meaning was 'enclosure'. There are hardly any safe meaning 'enelosure' seems the only plausible one. These may have instances of this meaning in hundred-names, though a possible been enclosures used for the holding of the hundred moot (cf. case is Ruston Sx CI{uston Wood', Rushmonden hd), which is not tfin, above). The first cls are pers. names, except possibly in now at least the name of a village or homestead; and Risetone Chafford Ess,l In view of the comparative rarity of this el. the Ch, which may be 'enclosure made of bra.nches' (but a rare side­ fact that two adjoining hundreds in Wilts have names in 1corp form Risedon also exists). A plausible meaning would be 'enclosure is of particular interest. for t.he hundred court'; cf. wor/J, below. The names mostly show forms going hack to OE -?DurIJe (}IE Some other tun-names, which are names of hundred meeting­ -wurthe, -wrthe, and -1corthe (generally with 0 for u), -wourtlze), places are the following: 1) first el. a pn: Rarkston Y, Barcheston but Worth K and Papworth Ca have occ,lsional forms which pre­ Wa, Willaston Ch, Edmonton :Mx (or 2); 2) a name of a com­ suppose the OE side-form wyrp. munity: Sa, Barrington Gl, Chadlington 0, Hoddington OE wor}lign, a derivative of worp of much the same meaning, Ha, Aldrington Sx (-inga-); Wallington SI' (*Weala tUn); 3) a occurs in Wrockwardine Sa (manor). hill-name: Cannington So; 4) a noun: Marton Wa, MOl'eton Brk, Other words for 'enclosure' etc. occurring in hundred-names are Chalton Ha, Clifton Bd, Wootton SI' (physical feature); Pyrton 0, gelueg in' Wolphy He, gearll in Humbleyard Nf, and falod in Stod­ Boughton K (tree); Chesterton Ca; 5) an adjective: Sutton Brk. fold Bl], Np, W (cf. above under lnag). It is not possible to dist.inguish neatly in this case between names of meeting-places and hundredal manors, and some few more OE hamm names should perhaps be included in the above list. For a full The meaning 'enclosure' may also belong to OE hamm in some a,nd classified list of tun-names v. below. names. This is identical with OFris hamm 'enclosed land', MLG ham 'piece of land enclosed with a ditch', EFris lzam(m), the OE wor}l, wllr}l, wyr}l 'enclosure, homestead' same, etc. It is connected with OE hem 'hem', hemman 'to enclose', Corresponds to OS, OFris ll'urth, MLG' wurt, wort '(piece of) and the original meaning was 'enclosure'. This may be t.he sense ground, enclosed (or raised?) site, farmstead', LG wurt 'plot of of Pm'ham Sf, Ha, Petham K, and Shrivenham Brk ground', etc., ON uro 'heap of stones on the sea-beach'. The OS (manor), but a meaning 'meadow', 'river-meadow' or eyen 'land sense is uncertain, but in later LG use the word glosses Lat in the bend of a river' seems to haye deYeloped early, and occurs area. It is related to OE 1cer, U'£Er 'weir', warop 'shore', 11.xrian in many PNs; v. ODP and EPN! This meaning occurs in Taver­ 'to protect'. The original meaning was probably 'enclosure' (Torp, ham Nf, Wyndham Sx and Ham K. In mod. dial. the meaning Nynorsk Et. Ordb. s. v. urd, Holthausen, EtW), in which case the is 'flat, lowlying pasture near a stream', 'a stint.ed common pasture development of meaning is analogous to that of OE tun. Others for cows', 'close' (EDD, NED). assume a meaning of 'elevation or embankment' (Hoops, Palaestra 147. 72, O. Mensing, Schles\vig-Holsteinsches Wb V. 743), but in 1 Epworth Li has some early forms which point to DE ceppel 'apple' lowlying country farm-enclosures would naturally be built on for the first eL, but it seems far more likely that these are due to folk, etymology than that an original *ceppd1l'orp was changed to Ep(pe)worth rises, so that this is not necessarily of importance for the original for no apparent reason. E would also be irregular, unle,.s due to ON meaning. influence. In Epworth Li, Papworth Ca, and Isleworth Mx, which are 2 In EPN (p. 32) it is suggested that the use of the word about 'land also names of places, the OE meaning 'homestead' is probable. in the bend of a river' is influenced by the word ham 'bend of the knee'. This is "ery unlikely, but it is worth considering whether we haY8 not in But in other cases, in which the names only denote hundred this me a whoJly different word for 'bend' dcriYed from the same base as meeting-places, and have never been names of inhabited places, OE hamm 'bend of the knee'. CL EFris, LG ham(m) 'bay', MDu hamme as Worth K, Chafford Ess, Dunworth and Cadworth W, th~ 'bend', Du inham 'bay', uitham 'headland' and .Jellinghaus 75. ~ The English Hundred-Names 182 O. S. AnderSQD -re 183

OE ham 'homestead' Cam, The Hllndrel! and the Hundred Rolls, p. 171 L; and cL NED It is very often impossible to distinguish between hamm and bench sb. 1 b. ham in second els of PNs. This is the case in e. g. Neatham. OE ..el(lI) 'plank(s)' OE hiim occurs in a few hundred names, probably names of Occurs in Theale Brk. The meaning is doubtful. Theale is hundred meeting-places, viz. Corringham Li, Walsham, Shropham on the Kennet, so that the meaning 'plank bridge' is possible (or harnm?), Erpingham Nf, Thatrham Brk, Burnham Bk, 13arham . (ODP). On the other hand a comparison with Dill (below) may K (for other names in ham v. below). suggest 'platform' or the like, referring to some erection for the Other eIs, which may be mentioned here are OE wic 'dwelling, hundred-court. farm' etc. in Middlewich (and Nantwich, Northwich, manors) Ch, Aldwick Sx and Greenwich K; port in Langport K. OE "ille 'boarding, flooring' A derivative of pel 'plank' (above), cognate with ON pilja 'floor-board in a boat', pili 'boarding', OHG dilla 'floor' (G Diele) , 9. Various Buildings and Erections OS thili 'scaffold, platform' etc. Occurs in Dill Sx, where it must refer to .a platform or flooring of timber, on which the hundred Some of the elements included under this heading are of parti­ court sat. Similar erections were in use at other Sussex hundredal cular interest as giving an indication of the manner of holding courts at a much later date, as appears from the name of Hundred­ the hundred court and of the nature of the moot-place. Of the steddle, which occurs twice in Sx, marking the Manhood and words dealt with below scamol and pUle must denote respectively Tipnoak hundred sites. A steddle is a platform of timber or stone, benches and a platform or flooring used at the meetings of the or a building of timber raised on legs or 'steddles' (v. NED staddle hundred, and others may denote other kinds of structures used 3 b, 5), and a 'hundred-steddle' was evidently a platform of the by the hundred-court. In connexion with this, attention may be same nature as the onc used by Dill hd. Wc may also compare drawn to the interesting reconstruction of an old Swedish thing­ the Scandinavian Tingfjal described above. place given in an article ('Tingfjal och basing', by Arthnr Norden) in Fornvanncn 33 (1938), p. 283-300. It consisted of a square The following words are usually connected with cattle-farming, enclosure of stones, upon which was placed a structure of four but may have preserved a more primitive meaning in hundred­ logs for the hundred-men to sit on. In a subsequent article ('Tings­ names. brackan', ib. 34, p. 184-189) another type of Scandinavian thing­ OE hlOse place is described, consisting of a stage or platform some three Only recorded in the sense 'pigsty'. It is connected by Ekwall or four feet high constructed of stones and earth. (PNLa 12 L) with OE hlofJ 'troop', hl(£st, ON hlaoa 'barn' etc., OE sceamol 'bench, stool' here also belong ON hl60 'hearth', MHG luot 'burden, mass, crowd', An early loan from Lat scamellum, dim. of scamnum 'bench', ON hlao, hlaGi 'pile, stack', OE hIred 'heap, pile, mound'. If so, and identical with OHG scamal, OS skamel, MHG schamel, schemel, the base is that of OE hladan 'to heap, pile up' (cL Hellquist G Schemel 'footstool', ModE shambles 'slaughter-house'. The origi­ s. Y. lada), the meaning 'pigsty' being a later development. Hund­ nal meaning was 'bench, stool'; in OE the word seems also to red-names like Loes Sf may well denote a raised mound or plat­ be used in some transferred topographical sense analogous to G form for the moot· simila.r to the Scand. Tingsbracka mentioned Sandschemel 'sandy ledge'; but the original sense is no doubt found above. Professor Ekwall (aDP, p. XXIX) who also rejects the in Shamwell K and in Tendryngsharneles Ess, referring to benches meaning 'pigsty' for the hundred llames alternatively takes Loes used by the hundred-court. For the use of benches On these Sf and Clackclose Nf to refer to some temporary shelter set up occasions v. also the note to Fordingbridge hd Ha, and H. M. at the meeting-place. • - --;';;;>;;;;;""'~"'.;;;.;.;<~~-;"---~.~~~""";;;;.;";~~-~.."",,,,....-,,",~------.;,;------,,~'""'.Mi<"=,.;;;.;;.,:.--=_i

184 O. S. Anderson The En~lish Hundred-Names 185 OE sc;rprn 'cowhouse, cattle-shed' pns: in Doddingtree, l+'inburgetrowe vVo, Warmundestrow Ch, Mod. dial. shippon, the same, identical with G Schuppen 'shed', Brimsh-ee, Conditre, Alnodestreu Sa, Webtree, Wimundcstreu He, and derived from the base of DE scmppa, Mod. shop. The origi­ Pastrow Ha, Wixamtree Bd, Edwinstree Hrt, Thedwestry Sf, nal meaning seems to have been 'lean-to shed', and as a hundred­ Winstree and Eecontree Ess, Gostrow and Wandelmestrei Sx, name (Scipe W) the word probably has the general meaning of Toltingtrough, Helmestrei K, and alternatively in Culliford Tree 'shed' or 'shelter' for the hundred-court. Do and Brentry GI. In Longtree Gl and 0 and probably ;; OE cot, -c in Greytree He the first els. are adjectives. Some may contain In OE cot(e) means 'cottage, house, bed-chamber, den' (BT), a reference to the gathering as rVitentrei Sa, and perhaps Gartree in ME also'shelter for sheep' as in 'sheepcote'. In Goscote Le Le and Li (cL ODP p. XX1X). Ghidenetroi Sx was possibly a the meaning is apparently 'shelter for geese' or 'cottages where i- sacred tree. geese are kept'. The form of the cl. varies. The modern form is either tree, from an analogical dat. treo, or -troU', -trough from OE treowe. )Vords for 'Church' In ME forms there is variation between ·tre, -trewe and -trowe, OE cirice, mynster 'church, minster' the latter form being due to a shift of stress in the diphthong eo. It is interesting to note that hundreds are fairly often called In DB the diphthong is represented by a great variety of forms, after churches, at or in which the courts were apparently held. -treo, -treu, -tru, -trou, -trui, -troi, -trei. OE cirice ocCurs in Litchurch Db, Whitchurch Do and Newchurch Names in -tree are very commOn in the western counties, IN0, K; OE mynster in Exminster Dv and Yetminster (manor?) Do. He, Sa etc., but also occur fairly frequently on old Saxon terri­ OthE'r hundreds named from churches are George hd Do, which . They are rare in the eastern counties. apparently met at the parish church of Fordington in Dorchester, Compounds in trcow occurring in hundred-names are: and Martin Pountney K, which met at the parish church of St. OE weargtreow 'gallows' in Warter YER; Martin's, New Romney. OE ceppeltreoUJ 'apple-tree' in Appletree Db, and perhaps Other hundred-names in cirice and mynster also occur, but OE *hceseltreow 'hazel-tree' in Hezetre He. Professor Ekwall, these denoted the capita of the respectiw hundreds, which may however, prefers to derive the latter from *hiii[,si'etnatreow 'the or may not have been their meeting-places. These are Baschurch tree of the heath-dwellers'. Sa (meeting-place at Pim Hill), Gl, Bedminster, Of special kinds of trees, those most often referred to in So, Dv, Do (meeting-place at hundred-names, and chosen as meeting-places, are the oak, the Redhone?), Warminster W (meeting-place at Iley Oak), Christ­ chllrch Ha. ash and the thorn. We are reminded of Glasgerion's oath 'by oak and ash and thorn',' the sacred trees of the North (Mawer, PNs and History 23). The oak was an object of worship among the 10. Names denoting Various Objects, Trees, Stones, etc. ancient Teutons (cf. (on) ua halgan mc 949 BCS 883 and Holy Oakes Le, DB HaUach) , and the ash-tree and the thorn also have OE treow 'tree' heathen religious associations." OE treow is a very frequent cl. in hundred names, where it OE lie 'oak' only enters into two names, l'iz. Skyrack Y, must refer to some well-known trees, which were hundred meeting­ 'shire oak', 'oak where the shire-moot is held', and Tipnoak Sx, places.' In the great majority of cases tremi' is combined with

1 Child, English and Scottish Popular Ballads, p. 137. 1 CL also Willherestrio BCS 506, apparently and old meeting-place, 2 Cl. further Philippsson, Germanisches Heidentum bei den Angelsachsen, where a grant was made of land at Bromley K in 862. p. 51, Sahlgren, NoB 8.56, Ekwall, ESt 70.59. 186 O. S. Anderson The En~li8h Hundred-Names 187 whose first el. is a pn. Further instances of meeting-places at Dudstone, Tibaldstone, Edredestan Gl, Kinwardstone \V, Ossul­ oak-trees are Court Oak Brk, the meeting-place of Rowbury hd stone .!\1x, Axton K etc.; for a full list v. below). Other old (VHBrk IV. 39), the 'Hundred Oak' of Holdshott hd Ha, Hey meeting-places with names in stiin similarly combined with pers. Oak W, and Matlock Db, which is OE *mcepl-iic 'moot-oak' (ODP). names are e. g. .£gelnooes stan (Aylstone Rill in , Ban­ OE resc 'ash-tree' is more frequent in hundred-names. It nister 10), at which a shire-moot was held about the year 1035 occurs by itself in Esch Wo, and is combined with pns in Bromsash (KCD 755); Wihtbordes stan (BCS 1140) at which a witenagemot and Broxash He and in Grumbald's Ash Gl, where ash has replaced was gathered c. 965; and Ecgbryhtes stan ASC(A) s. a. 878, a stow. In Catsash So the first el. is probably the name of the ,'f, stone on the borders of ·, and Dorset, where wild cat, the tree being haunted by such. Fnoggesesse He and Alfred's forces rendezvoused before the battle of Epandun. Chikenesse Wa are doubtful. Barkston Ash Y, originally simply Hurstingstone Ru takes its name from the community in whose Barkston, may also be mentioned; similarly the court of Broad­ territory the meeting-place stone was situated, and Leightonstone water hd Hrt was held at 'Broadwater Ash'. Cf. also Matlask Hu, Morleston Db and Collingtreestone Np were named from the Nf, which is OE *mcepl-resc 'ash where a moot was held' (ODP), villages in or near which they stood. Adjectives are the first els and SI. Albans hd Hrt, above. in Whitst~me Gl and Whitestone So, where the 'white stone' is OE ~orn, ~yrne 'thorn-bush, thorn-tree'. Hundreds called after still standing, and in Greteston Gl, 'the big stone'. In Bempstone meeting-places at thorn-trees or thorn-bushes are numerous. Spel­ 'I So there is possibly a reference to the meetings of the hundred, thorne Mx, which means 'speech thorn', contains a reference to and Maidstone K may also refer to some meeting. The word the actual meetings of the hundred. In some cases the first els j stun occurs without a qualifying el. in four hundred-names, Staine are pns, as in Elthorne Mx, Godderthorn Do and Celfledetorn Gl Ca, Stone Bk, So and Stane Do, which probably all denoted stones

(both these contain women's names), in other cases the name of ! I set up to mark the hundred meeting-places. In Stone hd So, ;1 an animal or bird \Crowthorne Gl, Ulethorn Ha; the first may, the 'Hundred Stone' from which it was named still exists. however, be the name of a particular species of thorn-bush). The form of the name of Staine Ca is remarkable for the Adjectives are the first els. of Copthorne Sr, Horethorne So (OE absence of the change of {j> 0, and a-forms frequently occur pyrne) , Nachededorn Brk and perhaps Cutetorn He. CL also of Stone So as late as the 14th century. The reason for the Thornlau He, Thornhill and Thorngrove W, where /Jorn is a preservation of ii is obscure, but is supposed by Ekwall (ODP first el. s. v. Staines) to be due to Norman influence. As a second el. OE hreg~orn 'hawthorn' probably occurs in Haytor Dy and the form varies between stane and stone from the end of the Eyhorne K; OE *blrecllom, (-lIyrne) 'blackthorn' in Blacheterne So. 12th century, the a-form being due to shortening under weak Here may also belong Witbrictesherne Ess (OE pyrne). stress. The earliest occurrence of the o-forms is from 1170 Names of other trees occur but rarely as hundred-names. We (Brixton Sr, Axton K). O.l<~ have OE *wilig 'willow' in WilIey Bd, and OE box 'box-tree' in han 'rock, stone' (Mod. hone 'Whetstone') occurs once in Box Sx. a hundred-name, viz. in Redhone Do 'the red stone'. It is uncer­ One may also mention Elstub W, from OE ellenstybb 'elder tain what kind of rock this word denoted, but it is noteworthy stump', probably referring to a pollarded elder. that in charters and PNs it is almost always combined with the adjectives 'red' or 'grey'. OE stan 'stone' Like tr(Jow, OE stan is a very common element in the names OE stapol 'post, pillar' of hundredal meeting-places, and in the great majority of these it To the category of names which denote an object serving to is combined with a pn as first el. (Guthlaxton Le, Cuttleston St, mark the hundred site also belongs OE stapol, which, at least 188 O. S. Anderson The EUl!lish Hundred-Names IS!!

when used by itself RS in Staple Wand Sx, no doubt denotes an or two examples of each name, so that most of them cannot be artificial post or pillar set up to fix the place of assembly. In arranged in actual groups. Whitstable K it is combined with the adj. 'white', the post being Category 1 ('hill') is represented by ON berg 'hill' in Lang­ clearly in this case especially easy to see. Thurstable Ess con­ bargh (possibly an English name in beorg) and Torbar Y; by tains the name of a heathen deity, and no doubt marks an ancient hlil) 'slope' in Lythe Nt and possibly Manley Li, and in Pickering place of worship where hundred-moots were also held. Barstable Lythe Y (name of a district); and by ues 'headland' in Colneis Ess is uncertain, but may have denoted a post on which the Sf; and in Holderness Y, Amounderness La and Ness Li (districts, hundred-men hung their battle-axes. We may also note Staploe Y. above). Ca where the meeting-place was on a hill marked by a post. Category 3 ('wood, glade') by lundr 'grove', one of the com­ monest of the Scand. elements, on which see below; by besIi 'hazel 11. Names Formed by Derivation grove' in Hessle Y; and by hris 'brushwood, coppice, wood' in Lawress Li. A. Originally denoting places or sites: Category 4 ('valley') by dalr 'valley' in Scarsdale Db (possibly OE -ing occurs in Docking, Clavering Nf, Clavering, ?Tendring 'cormorants' valley', from ON skartr 'cormorant', rather than Ess, Stowting K,Wantage Brk. 'Skart's valley'; cf. Engl.Hundr.-Names 33); and by skarl) 'ravine' R Originally denoting inhabitants of a hundred: in SeaI'd Y. OE -ingas: Happing, Lodning Nf, LUdinga, Blything Sf; Category 5 ('spring, stream') by kelda 'spring' in Halikeld Y Gilling Y, Braughing Hrt, Poynings, Steyning, Guestling Sx ('holy spring'); and by bekkr 'stream' in Oswaldbeck Nt (manor) (the five last-mentioned are also names of villages). and Skirbeck Li. Note: Other hundred-names in -ingas are: Pickering Y, Cannings Category (j ('means of communication') by val) 'ford' in Calee­ W, Reading Brk, Woking, Godalming Sr, and S. :MaIling Sx, all worth Li; by bryggja 'bridge' in Aggbrigg Y and possibly Winni­ names of hundredal manors. Poling and possibly Wittering Sx may briggs Li (at least Scandinavianized); and by einstigi 'one by mark hundred meeting-places. one path' in Aimty Y (possibly from OE anstiga) , and OE -smtan 'settlers, inhabitants': Mersete Sa, Stursete K; per­ Category 7 ('fortress, entrenchment') by diki 'dyke' in Wrang­ haps Reweset Sa and Stepleset He. dyke Rn. OE -ware 'dwellers': Cleneware, Lynware Nf. Names of trees (category 10) are also represented by some instances, 'viz. Gartree Le, 1.i (cf., however, above, p. 185), Ger­ Note: Other names denoting the district included in a hundred are: Pickering Lythe, Ryedale, Holderness, Borgescire Y, Lgnsdale, lestre Y (ON tre 'tree'), LOllthesk Li (ON eski 'ash'), and Asward­ Amounderness La, High Peak Db, Axholme, Ness Li, Flegg Nf, hurn 1.i (ON l'yrnir 'thornbnsh'), but are not common. Lothingland, Bishop's hd Sf, Nassaborough Np, East hd Ru, Wirral Ch, Halfshire Wo, He, New Forest Ha, E. and W. Medina In contrast with the above rarer and more or less scattered IoW. Dacorum Hrt. Oxney K. Many of these are late as hundred­ names. elements there occurs a well-defined group of three elements, in­ cluding ON haugr 'mound', lundr 'grove' and kross 'cross', which occur very frequently in hundred names of Scand. origin, and I I. Norse Names give them their distinctive character.

Several of the categories of English hundred-names set out ON haugr 'mound, hill' Scandina\~ian above are also represented among the names of The most common of, the Scand. hundred-name eIs, being very origin (mostly names of wapentakes), but as a rule only by one frequent in Lines and Nf. On the difficulty of distinguishing it ',1'

1.. !1 t I 190 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names 1!l1

from OE hoh, v. above. The first els of hundred-names in haugr They belong to the sbuthern portion of the Danelaw, Leics, south 1 I are nearly always pm, the presumption being that they denote ;j Lincs etc. In Scandinavia lundr often denotes a sacred grove grave-mounds named from the persons buried in them. But enclosing a place of heathen worship (eI. ON bl6tlundr 'sacrificial Thingoe Sf means 'moot hill' (ON pinghaugr) , the name referring grove'). If the word had this connotation in the Dallelaw too, I to a tumulus near Bury St. Edmunds, at which the hundred moot 1 this might explain why these localities were so frequently chosen was held. Some other names, e. g. N. and S. Greenhoe and Gallow as hundred meeting-places, but the word had there also the general Nf may also be names of moot-hills; cf. ODP s. v. haugr. meaning 'wood, copse'; cf. PNNp XXVI. Certain Lincolnshire hundred-names in haugr contain pns for I their first eIs, which are identical with pns found in the name f ON kross, OE cros 'cross' of a village in each hundred (thus Haverstoe and Hawerby, Ultimately a Celtic loan-word, but chiefly introduced into Wraggoe and Wragby, Candleshoe and Candlesby). This may be English through Norse. Forster's arguments (142 f.) for a direct I taken to mean that the hundreds took their names from moot-hills loan are hardly sound; the great majority of early PNs in cross are situated near the settlement of the local chieftain or lawman of Scand. origin, the names in cross of native origin being gener­ whose name they bear. But in Scandinavia things were often ally late, and dating from the time when the word was in com­ held on grave-mounds (cI. Ekwall, IPN 92), and such may have mon use in English. Hundred names in cross are most common I been the custom in the Danelaw too. It should be noted tha.t in the north, chiefly in Yorkshire, though there are also two there are at least three similar instances (Legeshou; Legsby, hundred names in cross in Nf, one in IIu and one in Np,but Katehou : S. Cadeby and Scalehau: Scawby; Stenton, Gilb xxxv f.), all these counties belonged to the Danelaw. Normancross Hu, 'the I which are not known to refer to thing-places, but denote heathen northman's or Norwegian's cross', may point to a eonnection with burial-mounds. We may also note the doublet vValshcroft and the more northerly region where Norwegian settlements were vValesby, the former being perhaps a memorial cross. On the chiefly made. The first els of the other names are almost ex­ other hand there are other similar doublets, such as Calceworth : I1 clusively pns of Scand. origin, the crosses being probably often Calceby, Aveland : Avethorpe, where there is no reference to memorial ones. This is the ease in Eweross (first el. no doubt a 1 burial. pn *Juki connected with ON J6kell), Osgoldcross, Buckrose, ~." Other names in haugr combined with pns are Maneshou, Buntou, Sneculfcros Y, Walescros Db, Walshcroft Li (associated with I 11 Toreshou Y j Aslacoe Li, Grimshoe NI. Interesting are Threo Li Walesby: Wali's (or Wars) by), Brothercross and Guiltcross Nf, 'three mounds' and Forehoe Nf 'four mounds', which are the same but H'yoreoe crosse Np, has an English woman's name for its r type as the native Tremlau 'three mounds' in Wa. Langoe Li first el. (OE lYigpryp). Staincross YWR, 'stone cross', is an may be 'long barrow' (cf. Langeberge Do) or 'long hill' (ON exception, but is properly a common noun. !l haugr or OE hoh). Langoe adjoins Graffoe, whose name ends in Two names of hundreds in cross are found in the south of hoh, and this may to some extent support native origin for Langoe England, outside the Danelaw, 'viz. Faircross Brk and Singlecross ~"·I too, though the form itself is not decisive; haugr may also occur Sx, but neither form is older than the 16th century, and in Single­ !! ' in Bingameshou, the name of the meeting-place of Bingham wap Nt. cross, cross has replaced eruche, from OE cruc 'cross'. I Finally one may add A tiscros, now Croes Ati, eo. Flint, a ON lundr 'grove' Celtic name (first el. a Celtic pn). '11 'I' '1' , Hundred-names in lundr are Framland Le, Aveland Li, Tose­ land Hu, Wayland Nf, and Naveslund Np. The first three are named from persons, perhaps also Wayland, which is of doubtful !! etymology. On Naveslund v. now also Ekwall, StNPh 10. 104 f. i! I

The English Hundred-Names 193 borough, Mainsborough Ha, Kinewardesberg 0, Loningborough, Bewsborough K; Swanborough W, SX; (c) Loosebarrow Do, I Hawkesborough Sx (or a); Desborough Bk, Flexborough Sx; (d) Hisborough Bk, Risberg Sx, Letberge GI, Stanborough Dv, Modbury Do, Hundredsbarrow, Celberge Do, ShuttIebourne W, Felborough K; (e) Langeberge Do, Roborough Dv, Rowbarrow Do, Rowbury W, Brk; (f) ?Charborough Do. beorn 'warrior' ?Brentry Gl. ALPHABETICAL LIST OF ELEMENTS t~OUND bere 'barley' Barford Bd, Barcombe Sx. bererern 'barn' ?Barnfield K. IN HUNDRED NAMES beretfin 'demesne farm' King's Barton, Barton Regis m GI, Ber{on 111 So, Barton Stacey m Ha. The list includes the elements other than proper names found bfeme 'trumpet' ?Bempstone So. in hundred-names. The arrangement of the names under each *binge 'valley' Bingham Nt. element is 1) Uncompounded;. 2) First els.; 3) Second els., the birce 'birch' Bircholt K. first els being (a) pers. names, or other designation:;; of persons; blrec 'black' Blackbourne La m, Sf, K, Blackwell Db, Blackenhun;t (b) folk-names; (c) names of animals and Plants; (d) names of Wo, Blacheterne So, Blagrove W, Blackheath SI', K. other objects and other nouns; (e) adjectives (adverbs, numerals); *blaw 'blue' Blofield NI. (f) plaee- or river-names.' m denotes 'hundredal manor'. bleo 'colour' Blewbury Brk. *bIince 'glade' ?Blynfield Do. boc 'beech' Boughton K. boclanl1 '' Buckland Newton m Do. I. English bol 'bole' Boldre Ha. ilc 'oak' Acklam Y; (a) Tipnoak Sx; (d) Skyrack Y. $ box 'box-tree' Box, Boxgrove Sx. reI 'eel' Ely Ca. iF' brad 'broad' Bradley Li, GI, Bradford Sa, W m, Brademere Sf, reppeltreow 'apple-tree' Appletree Db. Broadwater Hrt. rern 'house' Crewkerne m So (CeH,ic). breg 'brow' Bray m Brk. resc 'ash:tree' Esch Wo; Ascleie So, Esselei Ha; (a) Broxash, bremel 'bramble' ?Bermondspit Ha. Bromsash, ?FnogesesseHe, Grumbald's Ash Gl, ?Chikenesse \Va; *brince 'hill' ?Brinklow Wa. (c) Catsa;sh So; (f) Barkston Ash Y. broc 'brook' (a) Bolingbroke m Li (or next); (c) Cranbrook X; resccn 'ashen' Ashendon Bk. Willybrook Np; (d) Polebrook :Np. lewiell 'spring' Alton m Ha. brom 'broom' Braunton m Dv, Bromley K. mwiclm 'spring' Ewelme O. brycg 'bridge' Bridge K; (a) ?Winnibriggs Li, Mansbridge Ha, *anger 'grass land' Ongal' mEss. Aloesbridge K; (b) Fordingbridge Ha; (c) Rotherbridge Sx; brec 'ridge' ?Burbeach Sx. Redbridge Ha; (d) Risbridge Sf, Stanbridge Bd, Stockbridge Sx; brerlic 'barley' Barlichway Wa. Freebridge Nf; (e) Kingsbridge W, Langebrige GI, Longbridge bre}l 'bath' Bath-Forum m So; Bampton m Dv. Sx, K; (f) Teignbridge Dv, Elmbridge Sr. beam 'beam' Bampton m O. ~ bryd 'bride' Birdforth Y, Brightford Sx. bran 'bean' BeynhurstBrk, Binsted Sx. ~ bucc, 'buck' Bucklow Ch, Bd. bearu 'grove' m Do; (b) Orlingbury Np; (d) Dv. bula 'bull' Bulford, Bulmer m Y, ?Bolingbroke m Li, Bullingdon O. beCl' 'stream, valley' (d) ?Burbeach Sx; (f) Wisbech Ca. burg 'castle' Bury Sx; Burton, Borgescire Y, Burbeach Sx; (a) beonet 'bent-grass' Binfield O. GUilsborough Np, Eddisbury Ch, Bibury (fern.), Tewkesbury m beore 'birch' Berkeley "In Gl. Gl, Congresbury m So, Badbury Do, Alderbury (fern.), Ames­ beorg 'barrow, hill' Broughton Ha; (a) Babergh Sf, Honesberie bury, Heytesbury (fem.) rn, Ramsbury m (or next) W, Buckle­ Wa, Fissesberge Wo, Brightwellsbarrow Gl, Houndsborough So, bury (fern.) Brk, Banbury 0, Aylesbury m Bk; Salmonsbury GI, Hunesberge, Albretesberge Do, Branch W, Bosmere, Bountis­ Kingsbury 111 So; (c) Thornbury m Gl; (d) Chirbury m Sa, Port­ 13

';A">(;.. ":l.L};1) t: ....l. .... , I ]94 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names ]95 bury m So, Blewbury Brk; (e) Henbury m Gl, Westbnry Gl, W m; (f) LUdborough Li, Kintbury Brk. cumb 'valley' Compton m Brk; (a) Wacreseu117be Gl, Totcombe (or bnrna 'stream' East-, Westhollrne rn Sx; Bnrnham Bk; (a) Ea~e­ d), Uggescombe Do; (c) Ferneeumbe Wa; (d) Winchcomb m Gl. bOllrne m? Sx; (c) Cranborne m Do, King's Somborne m, Hurst­ eweorn 'mill (-stone)' Cornilo K. bourne m Ha, Lambourn m Brk, (d) Milborne m So; (e) Black­ *eyft 'hill' Kiftsgate Gl. bourne La m, Sf, K, Sherborne m Do. eyne- 'royal' Kineton m Wa, Kinefolc Wo, Kingsbridge W. byrgcn 'burial-place' ?Bafllfield K. eyning 'king' Kingsburym So, Kingston m Sr, Kinghamford K. gebytle 'building' Buddlesgate Ha. drel 'valley' (d) ?Hefedele Ha; (f) Ryedale Y, Lonsdale La, Stradel *byxe 'box-tree' Bexhill ::lx. He. ererse 'cre~s' Cresselau vVo, m Dv. denn 'pasture' Tandridge Sr, Danehill Sx ; (b) Rol venden, Selbrit­ i tenden; Tenterden K; (d)' Marden (or c), Somerden K. " caIn 'bare' Cawden W, Calehill K. I ramp 'field' (d) Barcombe Sx. clenu 'valley' (a) Lexden Ess; (c) Cogdean Do, ?Finchdean Ha, I eatt(e) 'cat' Cats38h So. Bullingdon 0, Stodden Bd; (d) Howden rn Y. eeaf 'chaff' Cheveley Ca, '?Chafford Ess. deop 'deep' Depwade Nf, Diptford m Dv. eeale 'chalk' Celberge Do, ChaIton Ha. 'deer' Deerhurst m Gl. *realee 'chalk-hill' Chalke m W. dIe 'dyke' Die Y, Np, Dissm Nf; (a) Launditch Nf, Abdick So, eeart 'rough common' Chart rn K. Underditch (fem.) "'V; FIendish Ca; (e) Rodedic Ha, Langdyke ccaster 'castle' Chesterton Ca; (d) HorncastIe m Li; (f) Np; (f)" Coombs Ditch Do. Np, Cirencester m Gl, Dorchester m ° (Dorchester m Do). i docee 'dock' Docking Nf.' *eelta 'hill' Cheltenham m Gl. domere 'judge' Damerham m W. 1 2 *eeoder 'bag', Cheddar m So. l dryge 'dry' ?Driffield m Y, Dryhurst Wo. eeorl 'freeman' Carlford Sf, Charlton Brk. t dun 'hill' Downton m W, Dunmow Ess, Downhamford K; (a) eietel 'kettle' Chuteley Ha. ~i Loveden Li, Tunendune Ch, Elsdon He, Kilmersdon So, Canen­ J.} done, Eggardon Do, Willingdon Sx; Seisdon St, Charlton Brk; cild 'child, youth' Chilford Ca. :~1 Reptonm Db; (c) Stottesdon Sn; Gersdone Gl, Farrington Do; *eippe 'structure of logs' m W. ;,"; cirice 'church' Kirton Li, Chirbury m Sa (a) Baschurch m Sa, (d) Chipping Warden Np, Whorwelsdown W; (e) Smithdon Nf, ~;­ Pucklechurch m Gl; (e) Litchurch Db, Whitchurch Do, New­ Claydon Sf, Cawden W, Ashendon Bk; (f) Portsdown Ha, ",'i. ?Waddesdon Bk. church K; Christchurch m Ha. clrefre 'clover' ?Claro Y, Clavering Nf, Ess m. dwostle 'penny-royal' Desborough Bk. clreg 'clay' Cleley Np. *dylfe 'excavation' ?Dulverton m So. elregig 'clayey' Claydon Sf. *dymme 'damp (place)' ?Dumpford Sx. eald 'old' Aldwick Sx. *clenee '?lump, mass' Clenchwarton Nf. f_~ *clent 'rock, hill' Clent Wo. ear 'gravel' Yardley Bk. .~ earn 'eagle' /Ernehoge Nf. clif 'cliff' Cleevem Gl; Clifton Bd; (c) Rushcliffe Nt; (d) Staincliffe ~. Y; (e) Hartcliffe So. *easter 'east' Eastry K. cniht 'knight' Knightlow Wn. K' ecg 'edge' Egheiete Ha, ?Eagle Brk. cnoll 'knoll' Knowlton m Do. il;, efn 'even' Evingar Ha. eoee 'cock, wild bird' Cogdean Do. ellenstybb 'elder stump' Elstub W. 'f<" *elre 'alder copse' FoxearIe Sx. col ;charcoal' Coleridge Dv. -,".. coppedI' 'peaked' Copthorne Sr. :t: emle 'end' Gravesende Np. cot 'hut' Coton Wa; (c) Goscote Le. eorpburg 'earth-work' Yarborough Li, ?Gereburg Y. cran 'crane' Cranborne m Do, Cranbrook K. I1 erse 'field' (c) Beynhurst Brk. erawe 'crow'. Crowthorne Gl. ~: esa 'of the gods' Easwrith Sx. croft 'croft' (d) Woodcroft Bd. freger 'fair' Faircross Brk. erundel 'quarry' Crondall m Ha. t *eUle 'hole, den' Goldspur Sx. 11 , Cf. ODP. ."..j 2 Cr. also ODP and PNER 154. iD 196 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names 197

fmle 'pleasant' ?Falmer Sx. grreg 'grey' Greytree He (or pn). falod 'fold' Stodfold Np, W, Bk, ?Wifold Brk. .graf 'grove' Graffoe Li, Gravesende Np; (c) Thorngrove W, Box­ fealg 'fallow' Fawley Ha. grove Sx; (e) Blagrove 'V; (f) Nobottlc Grove Np. fealn 'dusky' ?Falmer Sx. great· 'thick' Gretestan Gl. fearn 'fern" Fernecumbe 'Wa, Farrington Do, Fareham m Ha. .~ grene 'green' E. and vV. Grinstead Sx, Greenwich K: (f) Uptllne feld 'field' (a) Andersfield So, Dole W, Framfield Sx; Frustfield grene Np. W; (c) Titchfield Ha, Hartfield, Rotherfield m, Netherfield Sx, I gyden 'goddess' Ghidenetroi Sx. Larkfield K; Binfield 0; (d) Blynfield Do (or a), Ganfield Brk; gehreg 'enclosure' (c) Wolphy He, Loxfield Sx, Barnfield K, Cherchefelle (Celtic) SI'; (e) Driffield I, JIl~glJOnt 'hawthorn' Haytor Dv, Eyhorne K. ~ mY, Blofield Nf, Hadfield Ca, Gosefeld Brk, Henfield, Ninfield .hreme 'dwellers' Bampton rn, '? m Dv, Checherne­ Sx, Littlefield K. torn W. felh 'fallow land' Fclborough K. *hrer 'stony ground' '?Hayridgc Dv. fine 'finch' ?Finchdean Ha. ha-sel 'hazel' Hasilor Do. fiscere 'fisherman' Fishersgate Sx. *hreseltreow 'hazel-bush' ?Hezetre He. fleam 'flight', flIema 'fugitive' Fiendish Ca. hrelJ 'heath' (a) Codsheath K. Heax 'flax' Flaxwell Li, Flexborough Sx. Jlre)lfeltl 'heath' (e) Blackheath SI', K. . Jleot 'stream' Flitt Bd. hafoe 'hawk' Hawkesborough Sx (or pn). 1 fonl Ford Sa, Ha; (a) Eynsford Nf, Whittlesford Ca, Caisford *hagga 'haw' lIaggemede Gl. Hrt, Chelmsford Ess, Avisford Sx; Kinghamford K; Birdforth Y, ham 'home' (a) Walsham Nf, Bloxham m 0, Barham, F30versham Brightford Sx, Carlford Sf, Chilford Ca; (b) Armingford Ca, rn, ?Teynham K; Damerham m W; (b) Corringham Li, Erping­ Hinckford Bss; (c) Bulford Y, Hertford Hrt, Rochford Ess; Sal­ ham Nf, Gillingham m Do, Effingham SI', Wingham K; (c) Neat­ I ford rn La, Lackford, Wilford Sf, Witchford Ca, Hemlingford ham (or hamm) Ha; (d) ?Bingham Nt, Shropham Nf, Thatcham Wa; (d) Strafforth Y, Stretford He, Mitford Nf, Mutford, Sam­ Brk, Burnham Bk, Witham mEss, Waltham m Ess, Ha, Wrot­ ford, Wangford Sf, ""Vonford Dv, Stowford Do, Welford Ha, ham K (or group a); Chatham K (Celtic); (e) Higham m Np, Slottisford Brk, Barford Bd, Uttlesford Ess; (e) Bradford Sa, Odiham m Ha, Westerham K. W m, Holford Gl, Diptford m Dv; (f) Cosford Sf, Tollerford hamm 'enclosure' Ham K; (a) ?Earsham m Nf, Tidenham 1n GI, Do, Ockford Brk, Dumpford Sx (or d); ?Navisford Np, Down­ m So; Pagham m Sx; (c) Parham Sf, Marcham Brk, hamford K. Fareham rn Ha; (d) Taverham Nf, Cheltenham m GI, Chippen­ fox Foxley Np, Foxearle Sx. ham, m \V, Wyndham Sx, Downhamford, Petham K; foxhol 'fox-hole' FexllOle Wa. (e) Shrivenham 111 Brk. frilm 'peace' Freebridge NI. Mn 'rock' ?Hayridge Dv; (e) Redhone Do. frose 'frog' Freshwell Ess. ltangra 'slope' Hang Y; (d) Tring llrt. fugol 'bird' FUUJelege Nf. ltar 'hoar' Hartcliffe, Horethorne So. (twi)fyrde 'ford' Twiferde Gl, Twyford K; Tiverton rn Dv. fyrst 'first' Frustfield W. heafod 'head' Howden In Y; (c) Swinehead GI; (d) Manshead Bd. grers 'grass' Gersdone Gl. heah 'high' Heane K; Henstead Nf, Higham Ferrers m Np, Hen- gamen 'sport' Ganfield Brk. bury m GI, Handley rn Do, Henfield Sx. gara 'gore' Gore .Mx; (e) Evingar Ha. henn 'hen' Hellhurst Sx. *ge 'district' (c) Ely Ca; (e) Eastry K. lteorot 'stag' Harthill Y, Hartismere Sf, Hartland Dv, Hertford geard 'enclosure' (c) Humbleyard Nf. Hrt, Hartfield Sx. geat 'gate' (a) Fishersgate Sx; (c) Reigate SI'; Thorngate Ha; (d) ltere 'armv' Harlow Ess. ?Plegeliet He, Rapsg"ate, Kiftsgate GI, ?Liet So, Buddlesgate, Hieee 'folk-name' Hitchin m Hrt. Egheiete Ha; (e) Westgate K; (f) Bleangate K; doubtful: Plomes­ hielde 'slope' ?Hilton Do. gate Sf. ltHlw 'barrow, hill' (a) Beltisloc Li, Thriplow Ca, Huxloc Np, *gorsillt 'furzy' Gosefeld Brk. ?Bomelatt Wa, Cuoburgehlaw, Oswaldslow, Wulfereslaw Wo, gos 'goose' Goscote Le. Offlow, Totmonslow St, Munslow, Purslow Sa, Blacelew, Bledis­ loe, Botloe GI, Chedglow, Dunley W, Hildeshlmw Brk, Seckloe

1 198 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names 199

Bk, Hounslow Mx, Baldslow Sx, Ringslow K; Knightlow, Path­ -ingas (a) ?Pickering 1n, GiIIing, ?Dickering (or -hring? cf. PNER low Wa; Wodneslawe Bd, Thunreslau Ess (names of deities); 85) Y, Happing Nf, Llldinga Sf, Cannings m W, Reading m Brk, (c) Bucklow Ch, Bd; Cresselau Wo, Thornlau He; (d) Brinklow Braughing Hrt, Godalming rn, Woking In Sr, MaIling m,Poyn­ Wa (or a), Harlow Ess, Cornilo Ki (e) Hadlow lIe, Ploughley 0, ings, Wittering Sx; (d) ,steyning, Poling, '?Guestling Sx; (f) Roelau Ch, Rouelai Bk; Tremlawe Wa (numeral), ?Derinlau Sa; Lodning Nf, Blything Sf. (f) ?Bassetlaw Nt, Wicklow Sf, \Vormelow He, Soterlaw 0, lacu 'stream' (c) Shiplake Sx. Cottesloe Bk (or a), Molesoueslau Bk. gelad 'course' (d) m W (Celtic). hlnse 'pigsty' (cf. above) Loes Sf; (a) Clackelose Nf. *lrege 'fallow' Leyland In La. hOh 'heel' Hoo K; (a) ElIoe Li, Hamfordshoe Np, Moulsoe Bk, laferce 'lark' Larkfield K. Cassio Hrt; (c) &rnehoge Nf; ?Claro Y, Sparkenhoe Le; (d) land 'land' (b) Lothingland Sf; (c) Hartland In Dv (or Iegland?); Graffoe Li, Spelhoe Np, Spelhoge Nf, Staploe Ca; (e) Bing­ (e) Leyland m La; (f) ?MoIIand In Dv. Iwmeshou Nt (or Scand.). lang 'long' Langley Gl, Langebrige Gl, Longbridge Sx, K, Long- bol(h) 'hollow' Holford Gl, Holdshott Ha. tree Gl, Langtree 0, Langeberge Do, Langport K. holm 'hill' Holmstrow Sx. lanu 'lane' e) Redlane Do. bolt 'wood' HoIt Nf; (c) Bircholt K. bop 'valley' (c) Scray K. leae 'leek' Lackford Sf. leah 'lea.' (a) Wymersley, Alwardeslea Np, Martinslcy, Witchley *borna 'angle' Horncastle In Li, Hormer Brk. Ru, Bisley Gl, Budleigh Dv, m Dv, Eagle Brk, Godley hrrefn 'raven' ?Ramsbury m vV. Sr, Barclay, Brenchley K; (c) Wetherley Ca, FoxIey Np, Startley hreod 'reed' Redbridge Ha. W, Ruxley K; Acklam Y, Berkeley m Gl, Ascleie So, Esselei hrIs 'brushwood' Rushcliffe Nt, Risbridge Sf, Risberg Sx. Ha, Bexhil.l Sx, Bromley R; (d) Morley 1n Y, Cheveley Ca, *brIse 'brushwood' Risborough Bk. Cleley, Mawsley Np, Yardley Bk, Stoneleigh Wa, ?Witelai Gl, *hrlsen 'of brushwood' Risetone Ch. Loxley So, Iley, Selkley W, Chuteley, Fawley, Shirley Ha, hroe 'rook' Ruxley K. Somerley Sx; (e) Bradley Li, Gl, Langley Gl, Whitley So, hryeg 'ridge' (a) ?Allerige Dv; (c) Witheridge Dv; (d) Coleridge, Handley In Do, Mursley Bk, Little K. Hayridge Dv, Tandridge Sf. ME leet 'court' Letberge Gl. hrYller 'ox' Rotherbridge, Rotherfield In Sx. lItel, lytel 'little' Litchurch Db, Little, Littlefield K. humele 'hop-plant' Humbleyard Nf. loc 'enclosure' Loxley So, Loxfield Sx. hundred 'hundred-court' Hundredsbarrow Do. His 'louse' Loosebarrow Do. hwrel 'whale' Welesmere Sx. mred 'meadow' (c) Haggemede GI. hwales ban 'whalebone' Whalesbone Sx. mreglJ 'maiden' Maidstone K. hwer 'kettle' Wherwell In Ha. gemmne 'common' Manhood Sx. hwlt 'white' Whitstone Gl, Whitestone, Whitley So, Whitchurch, gemrenness 'community' Manshead Bd. Whiteway Do, Whitstable K. gemre:re 'border' Mersete Sa, ?Marden K. hwyrfel 'circle' Whorwelsdown VV. *mltwe 'meadow' (d) Dunmow Ess. byll 'hill' Hill Li; (a) Pimhill Sa, BrownshaII Do (or f), TintinhuII *mealu 'gravel' Mawsley Np. So, Auronehelle Sx; (c) Harthill Y, Ixhill Bk; Thornhill W, meolc 'milk' ?Melksham rn W. (d) Pirehill St; (e) Calehill K; (f) Buttinghill Sx; Goleshill Wa. mere 'pool' Mere in \V; Marton Wa, Merton m Dv; (a) Bosmere Sf, hymele 'hop-plant' Hemlingford ""a. Younsmere Sx, ?Patemere Ha; (b) Hormer Brk; (c) Bulmer m Y, hyrst 'hillock' Hurstingstone Hu; a) Ediueherst Sx; (c) Deerhurst Hartismere Sf, Welesl1w/'e Sx; (d) Ripplesmere Brk; (e) Brade­ In Gl, Henhurst Sx; (e) Blackenhurst, Dryhurst Wo. mere Sf, Falmer Sx. by1' 'landing-place' Hinckford Ess. mereee 'smallage' Marcham Brk. leg 'island' ?IIey \V; (a) Lydlley Gl, Dellgie Ess; (c) Fllwelege Nf, middel 'middle' Middlewich Ch, Milton m K. ' Hartland m Dv, Oxney K. mor 'moor, swamp' Morley m Y, Moreton Brk; (c) Rushmore Do. -ing 'Docking Nf, Clavering Nf, Claveringm, ?Tendring Ess gemot 'moot' Mutford Sf, Modbury Do. Butting(hill) Sx, Stowting K, Wantage Brk. mfiga 'heap' Lamlla Bk. *murs 'friable' ?Mursley Bk. .

1_,_

200 . ~·.f.~.~~ O. S. Anderson ·.• •. .•.•'.•• ..•.'.... The English Hundred-Names 201 ,'j mu)la 'mouth' (f) m Dv. smta 'settler' (d) Mersete Sa, ?Stepleset He; (f) Stursete K, ?Re­ mylen 'mill' Milborne m, Milverton m So. I I weset Sa. mynster 'minster' (a) Bedminster m So, Yetminster (m?) Do; (b) . t sand Samford Sf. Beaminster m Do; (f) Axminster m, Exminster Dv, Warminster 'I sceaft 'shaft' Shebbear Dv. m W. { ···t seellmol 'bench' Shamwell K; (f) Tendryngshameles Ess. gemy)le 'confluence' Mitford Nf. sceap 'sheep' Shiplake Sx, Shepway K. nacod 'bare' Nachededorn Brk. sceat 'corner' (e) Holdshott Ha. nredre 'adder' Netherfield Sx. seeoh 'shy' Shoyswell Sx. nress 'headland' Nassaborough Np. seIr 'shire' Skyrack Y, Shirley Ha; Cral'escire, Borgescire, How- neat 'ox' Neatham Ha. dem,hire Y, IIalfshire Wo. nlwe 'new' Newton m La, Newark m Nt, m Do, Newchurch K. seir 'clear' m Dv, Sherborne m Do. SCreaWll 'shrew-mouse' Scray K. *niwnumen 'newly reclaimed' Ninfield Sx. scrifen 'allotted' Shrivenham m Brk. nor)l 'north' Greens Norton m Np, Northstow Ca, Norton Ferris m So. scypen 'shed' Scipe W. seyttets 'bar' Shuttlebourne 'N. orer 'bank' Overs Sa. sealh . 'willow' Salford m La. ora 'bank' (a) Lewknor 0, Totnore Sx; (c) Pershore m Wo, sea)l 'well' (a) Odsey Hrt. Hasilor Do. Seaxe 'Saxons' Seisdon St, Sixpenny Do. oxa 'ox' Oxney K. sccg 'warrior' ?Seckloe Bk. piU 'pole' ?Poling Sx. *senget(e) 'clearing' Singleton Sx. *pR)la 'wanderer' Pathlow 'oVa. M~ shynglecle 'shingled' Singlccross Sx. *peac 'hill' High Peak Db. *sloluc '?strc:1m' Selkley W. *persc 'osier' Pershore m Wo. peru 'pear' Parham Sf. *sleot 'bar' Slottisford Brk. *slOhtre 'slough' Slaughter m Gl. *plrhyll 'look-out' Pirehill St. sme~e pirige 'pear-tree' Pyrton O. 'smooth' Smithdon Nf. spell 'speech' Spelhoge Nf, Spelhoe Np, Spelthorne Mx. plume 'plum-tree' Plomesgate Sf. spracen 'alder' ?Sparkenhoe Le. ptj'me 'plum-tree' Plympton 1n Dv. pohtla 'poug-h' ?Polebrook Np. spura 'spur' GoldsQur Sx. *strene 'stony place' Steyning Sx. pohhede 'baggy' Ploughley O. sUi,n 'stone' Staine Ca, Stone So, Bk, Stane Do; Stoneleigh port 'harbour, town' Portbury m So, Portsdown Ha; (c) Langport K. Wa, Stanbridge Bd, Stowford Do; (a) Db, Guth­ preost 'priest' Preston m K. Hammenstan laxton Le, Cuttleston St, Dudestan, ?Exestan, Hamestan Ch, pytt 'pit' Petham K; (a) Bermondspit (or c) Ha; (c) TVultpit Ha. Culu~stan rreec 'hunting-dog' Roehford Ess. Sa, Bagstone, Dudstone, Edredestan,. Tibaldstonc m, rrege 'roe' Reigate Sr. Bulstone So, Kinwardstone W, Ossulstone Mx, Brixton Sr, Axton, Folkestone, Washlingstone K; Maid~tone K; ?Bcmpstone So; reulI 'red' Radfield Ca, Radlow He, Rcdhone, Redlane Do. geresp 'seizing' Rapsgate Gl. (b) Hurstingstone Hu; (e) Gretestan, Whitstone m, Whitestone *rimuc 'border' Ringwood m Ha. So; (f) Morleston Db, Leightonstone Hu, Coltrewestan Np. *ripel 'coppice' Ripplesmere Brk. stanbeorg 'hill' Stanborough Dv. rI)I 'stream' ?Boldre Ha. stfinbryeg 'stone bridge' Stanbridge Bd. rod 'clearing' ?Babingerode Sx. stancHf 'cliff, crag' Staincliffe Y. *ro)l 'clearing' Rothwell Np. stnpot 'post' Staple W, Sx; Staploe Ca; (a) Thurstable Ess; (d) Barstable Ess; (e) Whitstable K. ruh 'rough' Roelau Ch, Rouelai Bk, Roborough Dv, Rowbarrow Do, Roubergh W, Rowbury Brk, Rodedic Ha. stede 'place' (c) Binsted Sx; (e) Henstead Nf, Grinstead (2) Sx. rysc 'rush' Rushmore Do, Rushmonden Sx. *steorce 'heifer' Startley W. stIg 'path' (a) Wolmersty Li. ;I·~.·.·'<;~"":' ....··.·..·.·...."· 202 O. S. Anderson :l~ . The English Hundred-Names 203 sioe 'place' Stoke Bk, Stoke Albany Np; (a) Redbornstoke Bd; -~A Walkhampton m Dv, Pllddletown III Do; Dnlverton rn, Milver­ (d) Winterstoke, ?Martock m So; (f) Basingstoke 1n, Meonstoke ; I ton m So, Silverton rn, Tiverton m Dv; m, Canning­ Ha. '.1 ton So, N. and S. ?Molton rn, ?Halberton rn Dv. stoee 'log' Stoekbridge Sx. tfinstede 'farmstead' Tunstead Nf. stM 'stud' Stottesdoll Sa (or stott), Stodden Bd. twifyrde 'double ford' Twiferde GI, Twyford K; Tiverton rn Dv. stodfalod 'studfold' Stodfold Np, W, Bk. IIree 'thatch' Thateham Brk. stow 'plaee' Stowmarket Sf, Longstow Ca; (a) ?Aslakestou ?Db, lIel 'plank' Theale Brk. Broxtowe Nt, Alboldestou Np, AIstoe Ru, Gri1nboldestou (Grum­ lIille 'flooring' Dill Sx. bald's Ash) 81, Eunsty Bk, Wichestanestou (Wixamtree) Bd, lIorn 'thorn-bush' Thornlau He, Thornbury m GI, Thorngrove, Albanestou rn Hrt; (e) Northstow Ca. Thornhill 'W, Thorngate Ha; (a) Cplfledetorn (fem.) 81, Godder­ striet 'street' Streat Sx, Street K; Strafforth Y, Stretford He. thorn (fern.) Do, Elthorne Mx; (c) Crowthorne GI, Ulethorn Ha; *stut 'hill' Stowting K. (d) Spelthorne Mx; (e) ?Cutethorn He, Nachededom Brk, Cop­ Rulh 'furrow' Silverton m Dv. thorne Sri (f) Chechernetorn W. *sulhman 'ploughman' Salmonsbury G1. *lIridling 'third part' Thredling Sf. sumor 'summer' Somerton rn So, Somerley Sx, Somerden K. IIrIe 'three' Tremlawe Wa, ?Dennlau Sa. silll 'south' Sutton Np, Ha m, Brk. lIyrne 'thorn-bush' (a) ?Witbrictesherne Ess; (e) Horethorne, swan 'herd' Swanborough W, Sx. Blacheterne So. swIn 'swine' Swinehead 81, Somborne m Ha. ufera 'upper' Overton rn Ha. teafor 'tiver' Taverham Nf. ille 'owl' Ulethorn Ha. tiecen 'kid' Titehfield Ha. gewred 'ford' (a) Biggleswade Bd; (e) Depwade Nf. *tote 'toot' Totcombe Do. wregn 'waggon' Wangford Sf. treow 'tree' Tring Hrt; (a) Thedwestry Sf, Doddingtree, Win­ wreter 'water' (e) Broadwater Hrt. bur.qetrowe Wo, IVarrnundestrou Ch, Alnodestreu, Brimstree, -ware 'dwellers' (f) Clencware, Lymmre Nf; Tenterden K. Condetre Sa, Webtree, Wirnundstreu He, Pastrow Ha, Wixam­ wellld 'forest' Waltham rn Ha, Ess. j tree Bd, Edwinstree Hrt, Becontree, Winstree Ess, Gostrow, wenlh "Welsh' Wallington Sr, Walsham Nf (or pn). Wandelrnestrei Sx, Helrnestrei, Toltingtrough K; Culliford Tree wcard 'watch' Warden Np. I Do, Wittery Sa; Ghidenetroi Sx; (b) Brentry GI, ?Hezetre He; weargtreow 'gallows' Warter Y. (d) Holmstrow Sx; (e) Longtree Gl, Langtree 0, Greytree He. weg 'road' (a) Rcynald's Way So; (c) Shepway K; (d) Barlich­ tun 'town' (a) Allerton rn, Barkston (Scand.), Pocklington rn Y, ,vay Wa; (e) Whiteway Do. Thurgarton m Nt (Scand.), Barcheston Wa, Willaston Ch, Alcis­ geweorll 'work' ?Wirksworth m Db; (e) Newark m Nt. I ton rn SX; Kingston rn Sri Preston rn K; Wallington Sri (b) west 'west' Westbury HI, W m, Westgate K. I rn La, Islington Nf, Patton Sa, Barrington 81, *wcster 'west' 'Westerham K. ,! Chillington, Fremington m Dv, Hoddington Ha, Benson rn, wel)er 'wether' Wetherlev Ca. . I Chadlington 0, Edmonton Mx (or a), Aldrington Sx; BamptoIl ! wIe 'dwelling-place' (e) Middlewieh, Nantwich m, Northwich rn Ch, I,I1 rn Dv; (c) Plympton rn, Braunton rn Dv, Pyrton 0, Ruston Aldwick Sx, Greenwich K. Sx, Boughton K; (d) Risetone Ch (or dun), Burton, Welton wice 'wych-elm' Witchford Ca. 11 Y, Kirton Li, Chesterton Ca, Marton Wa, Somerton m So, wIctun 'homestead' Weighton Y. Merton rn Dv, lIilton, Knowlton rn Do, Downton rn W, Alton wiella 'spring' Well Li, Wells-Forum m So; vVeIton Y, Welford rn, Broughton, Chalton Ha, Compton rn, Moreton Brk, Bampton Ha; (a) Shoyswell Sx; (c) Freshwell Ess; Flaxwell Li, Kingskers­ rn, Wootton rn 0, Clifton Bd, Wotton Sr, Singleton SX; (e) . well m Dv, (d) Rothwell Np, Wherwell m Ha; (e) Blackwell Db, Newton rn La, Greens Norton rn, Kings Sutton rn Np, Kineton Shirwell m Dv; ?Hemreswel IoW. rn Wa, Norton Ferris rn So, Sturminster Newton rn Do, (Bishop's) wI~ 'temple' Wye K. Sutton rn Ha, Brk, Overton rn Ha, Milton rn K; (f) Bruton m, *wiht 'bend' ?Witelai Gl, ?Witham JIl El'S. Chewton m, N. and S. Petherton rn, rn, Williton rn So, *wilig 'willow' Willey Bd; Wilford Sf, Willybrook Np. Cliston rn, Colyton rn, Crediton rn, ?Ermington rn, Lifton rn, wineel 'corner' Wineheomb m GI, ?Winkfield m Dv. N. and S. Tawton rn, rn, rn, *wintle 'winding' Wyndham Sx. I 'tl' 204 O. S. Anderson ':~l The En!;"lish Hundred-Names 205 *wiJln'meadow' vVonford Dv. I hris 'coppice' (a) Lawress Li. wiJlt~r \ Winterstoke So. I hvitr 'white' Whitby in Y. wita 'councillor' 'Vittery Sa. ! , I jarl 'earl' Gerlestre Y. wIpig 'withy' Witheridge Dv. kehla 'spring' (e) Halikeld Y. worp 'enclosure' Worth K, m \V; (a) Epworth Li, Pap­ kross 'cross' (a) Buckrose, Ewcross, Osgoldcross, Sneculfcros Y, worth Ca, Cadworth, Dunworth VV, Chafford Ess, Isleworth m Walecros Db, vValshcroft Li, Brothercross, Guiltcross Nf, Nor­ .Mx; (d) Wirksworth m Db; (f) He. mancross Hu, Wyoreoe cross Np; (d) Staincross Y; (e) Faircross wor~ign 'enclosure' (f) Wrockwardine in Sa. Brk, Singlecross Sx (English). wrasen 'nodus' (a) Grimsworth He. langr 'long' Langbargh Y, Langoe Li. wrIp 'bush, thicket' (a) Easwrith Sx. lllndr 'grove' (a) Framland Le, Aveland Li, Wayland Nf (uncer­ wrot 'trunk' Wrotham K (or pn). "{I tain if pn), Toseland Ru; (f) Naveslund Np. wudig 'wooded' Odiham rn Ha. nI's 'headland' Ness Li; (a) Amounderness La, Colneis Sf; Holder- wutlu 'wood' Wootton m 0, Wotton Sr, Woodcroft Bd; (a) Ail- ness Y. wood Do; (d) Ringwood in Ha; (e) Manhood Sx. norDmailr 'Norwegian' Normancross Ru. wudulres 'wood-pasture' Uttlesford Est'. skarfr 'cormorant' ?Scarsdale Db. wulf 'wolf' \Volphy He. skaril 'notch' Scard Y. wlllfpytt 'wolf-pit' Wolfpit Ha. skirr 'clear' Skirbeck Li. *yxna 'of oxen' !xhill Bk, steinn 'stone' Staincross Y. tre 'tree' (a) Gerlestre Y; (d) Gartree Le, Li. pinghaugr 'moot-hill' Thingoe Sf, n. Norse prir 'three' Threo Li. pyrnir 'thorn-bush 1 (a) Aswardhurn Li. bekkr 'stream' (a) Oswaldbeck 1n Nt; (e) Skirbeck Li. vaiJ 'ford' (a) Calceworth Li. berg 'hill' (a) Torbar Y; (e) Langbargh Y. (v)rangr 'crooked' Wrangdyke Ru. OSw Mp 'booth' Boothbv Li. br;rggja 'bridge' (a) Aggbrigg Y, ?Winnibriggs Li. byr 'village' (a) Corby rn Np; (c) Derby m La; (d) Boothby Li; (e) Whitby Y. Ill. Celtic dalr 'valley' (a) Scarsdale Db (or d). diki 'dyke' (e) Wrangdyke Ru. bre 'hill' (d) Dinedor He. flinr 'deer' Derby m La. coed 'wood' Chatham K. einstigi 'one by one path' Ainsty Y. craig 'rock' ?Cricklade m W. eski 'ash' (f) Louthesk Li. croes 'cross' (a) Atiscros Ch. OSw fiurir 'four' Forehoe Nf. crug 'hill' Crewkerne rn So, Cherchefelle SI', ?Cricklade W. Da flreg 'water-plant' Flegg Nf. *cllnllc 'hill' Coombs Ditch Do. galgi 'gallows' ?Gallow Nf. din 'fort' Dinedor He. geirr 'spear' or geiri 'gore' Gartree Le, Li. dwfr 'water' ? m Sa. grcrnn 'green' N. and S. Greenoe Nf. hawdd 'easy' Hodnet rn Sa. haugr 'hill, mound' (a) Huntoll, Maneshou, Toreshou Y; Aslacoe, nant 'brook, valley' (e) Hodnet m Sa. Candleshoe,Haverstoe, Wraggoe Li, Grimshoe Nf; (d) ?GaIlow pen 'head, top' (b) Sixpenny Do. Nf, Thingoe Sf; (e) Langoe Li. N. and S. Greenoe Nf; Threo Li, pimp 'five' ?Pimperne m Do. Forehoe Nf (numerals); (f) ?Binghameshou Nt. pren 'tree' ?Pimperne Do. heilagr 'holy' Halikeld Y. tanet 'fire' Thanet K. hesli 'hazel copse' Hessle Y. ystrad 'valleY: Strudel He. hIlil 'slope' Lythe Nt; (a) ?l\Janley Li; (f) Pickering Lythe Y. hqlllr 'man' Holderness Y. -~ , :;~" ""'".'•...... ·t··· 1 ~

The Engli~h Hundred-Names 206 o. S. Ander~on 207 Ha), Beorn(a) (Barrington, ?Brentry Gl), *Bieeel (Biggleswade Bd), meda (Bedminster So), Rise (Bisley Gl), Blcecca (Blaceleu PERSONAL NAMES IN HUNDRED-NAMES Gl), *Bl"ipe (Bledisloe Gl), *Bloec (B1oxham 0), B(}sa (Bosmere Sf, Ha), BMa (Botloc Gl), *Breahha (Braughing Hrt), Breme 1. English (Bromsash He), Brenci (Branch W, Brenchley K), *Brocc (Broxash 1. Dithematic He), Brun (?Brownshall Do), Brfjnca (?Brinklow \Va) , Brfjne (Brimstree Sa), Bucca (?Bucklow Ch, Bd), Budda (Budleigh Dv), (a) lUasculine: £gelll'eard (Alwardeslea Np), .~lfhere (?Aller­ *Bula (Bulstone So, '?Bolingbroke Li), Buna (Bunsty Bk), *Bunt ton Y), £lfnop (Alstoe Ru, Alnodest1'eu Sa), .~lfred (Albretes­ (Bountisborough Ha), Cada (Cadworth W), *CiPge (Caisford, Cassio be1'ge Do), £ pelwulf (Aloesbridge K), Beorhtric (?Barcheston IIrt), *CiEg"in (Keynsham So), Cana (Canendone Do, Cannings W), Wa), Beorhtsige (B1'ixton S1'), Beorhtweald (Brightwellsbarrow *Ceadela (Chillington Dv, Chadlington 0), *Ceaffa (?Chafford Gl), Beommllnd (Bermondspit Ha), *Brocumlf (Broxtowe Nt), Ess), *Ciecga ('?Chedglow W), *Clacc (?Clackclose Nf), *C6d *Calno/) (Candleshoe Li), Ceolm(cr (Chelmsford Ess), Cilpwulf (Codsheath K), *Cor(r)a (Corringham Li), *Cott (?Cottesloe Bk), (Cuttleston St, Culuestan Sa), *Cylfweard (?Culliford Tree Do), Cunda (Condctre Sa), Lene (Dengie Ess), *Dol (Dole W), Dudda Cynemif3r (Kilmersdon So), Cyneweard (Kinwardstone W, Kine­ (Doddingtree Wo, Dudestan Ch, Dudstone Gl), Dunn(a) (Dunworth, wardesbe1'g 0), Eadbeald (Alboldestou Np), Eadhelm (Edmonton Dunley W), Dydda (Tidenham Gl), *Ead (Eddisbury Ch), Earn(a) l\Ix), Eadrii!d (Ed1'edestan Gl), Eadwine (Edwinstree Hrt), Ealdhere (Armingford Ca), Eata (Yetminster Do), Eega (Eaglc Brk), Elesa (Aldrington Sx), Ealhsige (Alciston Sx), Eanfrip (Hamfordshoe (EIsclon He), *Effa (Effingham Sr), Ella (Elloe Li, Elthorne Mx), Np), EanriEd (Andersfield So), *Eohhere (Eggardon Do), Gefwine Eoppa (Epworth Li), *Eorp(a) (Erpingham NI), Esa (Easebourne (Younsmere Sx), Gislhere (Isleworth Mx), *Godhelm (Godalming Sx), *Fcefer (Faversham K), *Fine (Flnchdcan Ha), Fisc (Fisses­ Sr), Grimbald (Grumbald's Ash Gl), Giipliic (Guthlaxton Le), berge Wo), *Folea (Folkestone K), *Frema, *Fremi (J:<'remington Hringu'eald (Reynald's Way So), Hropwulf (Rolvenden K), Os­ Dv, Framfield Sx), *Getla (Gilling Y), Gi5da (God Icy Sr), *G6sa weald (Oswaldslow Wo), Oswulf (Ossulstone Mx), Selebeorht (Sel­ (Gost1'Ow Sx), *GriEga (?Greytree He), *Gylla (Gilllngham Do), ~ brittenden K), Tatmann (Totmonslow St), Peodbeald (Tibaldstone *Gyldi (Guilsborough Np), ""llafoc C?Hawkesborough Sx), *Hrep Gl), *Peodweard (Thedwestry Sf), WiErmund (Warmundestrou Ch), (Happing Nf), llama (?Hammenstan Db, Hamestan Ch), *Helm *Wendelhelm (Wandelmestrei Sx), Wigliif (Willaston Ch), Wig­ -tt (Helmestrei K), Hild (Hilleslau Brk), Hoc (Huxloe Np), *Hod(a) (Hoddington Ha), *Hrcefn (?Ramsbury W), *llring (Ringslow K), mund (Wimundestreu He), Wihstiin (Wixamtree Bd), Wihtbeorht :11 (Witbrictesherne Ess), Wihthere (\''littering Sx), WinegiEr (?Winni­ Hiln (Honesberie Wa, Hunesberge Do), *Hund (Houndsborough So, briggs Li), WinemiEr (Wymersley Np), Wulfhere (Wulfereslaw Hounslow Mx), *H11'icee (Witchley Ru), *La1l'a (Launditch Nf), Wo), Wulfm(cr (Wolmersty Li), Wynsige (Winstree Ess). *Leaxa (Lexden Ess), Leofeea (Lewknor 0), *Lida (Lydney Gl), (b) Feminine: A:.'lfrun (Aur'onehelle Sx), ~pelgifu (Ailwood ! Lufa (Loveden Li), *Mcegen (Mainsborollgh Ha), Man (Mans­ Do), ./Epelwaru (Alderbury W), Burghild (Bucklebury Brk), Ceol­ :1 bridge Ha), Martin (Martinsley Ru), *1I1ealla (Mailing Sx), Mill flied (Celfledetorn Gl), CiJpburg (Cuoburgehlaw Wo), Eadgifu i (Moulsoe Bk), *Mund- (Munslow Sa), NUl/na (Loningborough K), (Ediueherst Sx), *Gil/JTiln (Godderthorn Do), *Heahprfjp (Heytes­ Odda (Odsey Hrt), Offa (OffIow St), *Ordla (Orlingbnry Np), bury W), RiEdburg (Redbornstoke Bd), Wigprfjp (Wyareae crosse I *Pceeci (Pastrow Ha), *Precga (Pagham Sx), *Papa (Papworth Np), Wynburg (\Vinburge trowe Wo), *Wynprfjp (Underditch W). Ca), *Peatta (Patton Sa), *Pocela (Pocklington Y), *Pueela 1 (Pucklechurch Gl), *Pilna (I'oynings Sx), Pusa (Purslow Sa), '{ Pymma (Pimhill Sa), *Reada (Reading Brk), *Segga (?Seckloe t 2. Monothematic Bk), *Teodec (Tewkesbury Gl), *Tinta (?Tintinhull So), *Tippa (Tipnoak Sx), *Tolta (Toltingtrough K), Totta (?Totcombe Do, (a) ~Iaseuline: Abba (Abdick So), Acca (Axton K), *~fe Totno1'e Sx), *Tryppa (Thriplow Ca), Tunna (Tunendune Ch), (Avisford Sx), *£gel (Aylesbury Bk), *.~gen ~ynsford Nf), *Tfjna (?Teynham K), *Ugg(e) (Uggescombe Do), Uffa (Uffculme *Ambre (Amesbury \V), Babba (Babergh Sf), Bacga (Bagstone Dv), *Wacol (Wacrescumbe Gl), *Wcecel (Washlingstone K), *WiPr Gl), Badda (Badbury Do), *Ban(n)a (Banbury 0), Bassa (Baschurch (Warrington La), Wi(o)bba (Webtree Hc; cl. ODP), Wiga (Wing­ Sa), Beadeca (Barclay K), *Beald (Baldslow Sx), *Beaw (Bews­ ham K), Willa (Willingdon Sx), *Wineea (Winkleigh Dv), Witel borough K), *Belt (Beltisloe Li), *Benesa (Benson 0), *Beohha (Whittlesford Ca), *Woee (Woking Sr), *TVrota (?Wrotham K). (Becontree Ess), *Beora (Barham K), *Beormel (?Bermondspit (b) Fl'minine: Beage (Bibury Gl), Bebbe (Beaminster Do). . '::t[.~:~•. '.i~

~;" 208 O. S. Anderson \ \' j Names of Deities: Woden (Wodneslawe Bd), "Punor (Thunreslau', I Thurstable Ess), Grim (probably = Woden; cf. Ekwall in Studia Germanica 41 L; Grimsworth He).

n. Norse

Agge (Aggbrigg Y), Agmundr (Amounderness La), Asgautr (Osgoldcross Y), Aslakr (Aslacoe Li, Aslakestou Db), Asvaror Iil ON THE ORIGIN OF THE HUNDREDAL ~ I( (Oswaldbeck Nt, Aswardhurn Li), Ave (Aveland Li), BQrk (Barks­ .¥ '? DIVISION ton Y), Brodher (Brothercross Nf), Bugge (Buckrose Y), *Frani ,;~ (Framland Le), Glide (Guiltcross Nf), Grimr (Grimshoe Nf), Havaror (Haverstoe Li), Hundi ('?Huntou Y), *Jl1ki (Ewcross Y), KaTtr ~ No comprehensive treatment of the question of the origin of ~ (Calceworth Li), Koli (Colneis Sf), Kori (Corby Np), *Lag-Ulfr the hundredal division is aimed at in the following pages, as such (Lawress Li), Manne (Maneshou Y, ?Manley Li), Skartr (?Scars­ a treatment must also involve an investigation into questions such dale Db), Sncekolfr (Sneculfcros Y), Toli (Toseland Hu), Porir as the function of the hundred or its place in judicial administra­ (ToresholI Y), "Piire (?Torbar Y), Porgeirr (Thurgarton Nt), Vrili (Walecros Db, Walshcroft Li), Wragge (Wraggoe Li). tion which fall outside the scope of a philological work, and properly belong to the sphere of the historian of institutions. What is aimed at is to record the conclusions reached in the course of a detailed study of the territorial hundreds and their names, and to emphasize some points brought out by this stndy. The proofs of the late organization of the hundred are marshal­ led most comprehensively hy Liebermann in the commentary to his edition of the Laws (s. v. hundred). Though many of his argu­ ments against an earlier date than the tenth centnry are arguments e:r silentio, and therefore open to question, it can hardly be success­ ....~ :~ fully maintained, in the face of this array of proof, that the hundred existed under that name before the beginning of the tenth century. Yet the existence of some earlier division more or less corre­ sponding to the hundredal division of the tenth century is fairly generally admitted. Liebermann (s. v. hundred 10) says that the result of the reform of 935-9 (his date for the organization of the hundred) was, first to fix the boundaries of the districts sub­ ject to the folkmoot (Volksgericht), districts inhabited by small communities, whose territories had perhaps not always been strict­ ly delimited before that date, and, secondly, to give them the ':A~t: ~:I.tt.:J;J' name of hundreds. The hundred !'vas in part called after the existing meeting-place of the moot. Round (Feudal England U7) is of opinion that, though the name of Hundred may be traced to the ordinance of Edgar, this ordinance did not create the district itself; 'it is admitted that the thing represented by the 14 210 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names 211

hundred was, '"hatever its original name, of immemorial antiquity, with the manors whose name they bear was not the more primi­ as the intermediate division between the Viii and the Shire or tive arrangement, and there is. indeed, a good deal of evidence Kingdom'. Chadwick (Anglo-Saxon Institutions 248) also assumes that hundreds were constantly being annexed to manors, or that that some unit eonsiderably smaller than the shire must have been manors, originally included in some hundred or other, were given in existence from early times. hundredal privileges and appear as hundreds in themselves.' It " The nature of the pre-hundredal unit has been differently con­ .It would seem that, instead of the entire hundred system originating ~ eeived of. Round, Liebermann and others eonsider it to have from districts annexed to royal estates, the process of annexing been a division or eommunity whose essential link was the moot hundreds to manors may well have been one that did not have a or thing. Chadwiek, On the other hand, points out (p. 262) many very general vogue until a comparatively late period. The fact eases where districts of a hundred hides were attaehed to royal that for instance in Somerset and Devon hundreds nearly always estates, and coneludes that the small administrative districts take their names from hundredal manors, the hundreds named from attached to royal estates were in most parts of the country dis­ meeting-places being situated in the east or south of the counties, placed by the hundred system. may indicate that the hundreds of the interior of these counties, The evidence conneeting the hundred with the manor has been oecupied and settled at a fairly late period, were not on the collected and analysed by Miss Cam ('Manerium cum hundredo: whole organized till the time when the annexation of hundreds to The Hundred and the Hundredal Manor'; EHR 47. 353--76). manors had become a eomIIlon practice. Especially in certain parts of England, mostly in the west and When examining the hundredal system in detail one cannot in the south-west - the old West-Saxon kingdom - the system fail to be struck by its general regularity, and by the close agree­ of hundreds assoeiated with particular manors, mostly royal ment which exists between hundredal boundaries and the topo­ manors, is shown to have been prevalent, and in some eases the graphical features of the eountry. In most eounties rivers, hills, association is traced back to the tenth century and beyond. marshes, estuaries or forests separate or separated the hundreds There can scareely be any doubt that in parts of England, from each other, but there arc also many hundreds whieh are for instance in (Laneashire) or in parts of the west situated in the valleys of rivers, especially if these are bounded and south-west, this system is the SOurce of the present hundredal by hills diffieult of access. Either of these facts suggests that the division. But it may be doubted whether any general eonclusions hundreds were arranged with an eye to the physieal features of on the origin of the hundredal organisation can be drawn from it. the landscape, so that their boundaries originally included ancient One of the facts adduced by Miss Cam as pointing to the settlements or communities whose territory was determined by association of hundreds and manors is the frequent identity of the nature of the ground. TI1Pre is a striking difference between the name of a hundred with that of a royal or comital manor. this general regularity of the ancient hundredal system and the Against this I have argued that many hundreds which are now charaeter of hundreds known to have been formed for some called after manors had earlier names denoting their moot-places, particular purpose, or to eontain one manor or the estates be­ there being a gradual displacement of the names of moot-plaees by longing to a certain monastery or person. As examples may be those of hundredal manors.' mentioned Oswaldslow anll pprshore hds Wo, or Deerhurst and This suggests that in these eases the association of hundreds Tewkesbury hds GL whieh WPI'P all formed to contain the estate , There are some cases, it is true, e. g. from Devonshire, of apparent of one lord, and which arc scattered in numerous pareels over change from name of hundredal manor to name of meeting-place, but in Worcestershire and ; or the small hundreds of Lin­ these cases there was an alternation rather than a definite change of name, colnshire or Leicestershire, formed apparently for the purpose of as there is evidence to prove that the names taken from meeting-places are at least as old as those taken from hundredal manors. 1 Cf. HNSW p. xv f. , I 1 i ! 212 o. S. AJHlpr~on The Engli~h Hundreu-N:lnlP" 21il 11 eoIlecting the Gp,ld, but 'whose complicated bouIIdarirs cannot be organized from above, with a royal rather than a popular basis', , represented on any intPlligiblr map'.' i as suggested by Miss Cam, it is difficult to explain how so many Hundred-names give valuable eviden~e of the existence of these I hundreds eame to be arranged quite symmp,trically round the alleient c,ommllllities, which at a later date appear as hundreds. ± central meeting-place from whieh their names are derived, unless There arp, in East Anglia several hundreds with names in ing, we assume that the meeting-place was chosen after thp, hundreds originally ingas, which are not namps of any particular place in had heen thus organized. The fact that the typical hundred the hundnHI, but only OCCur as hundred-names. The Cases are consists of a roughly circular area surrounding its central thing­ Happing « *Hceppingas), Loddon « *Lodninyas), Lathing place, and taking its name from it, indicates that the thing was I: « *(H)luPinuos) and Blything « *BUpingas). Of these, Happing, what mattered to the hundred, and there is abundant evidence I which is derived from the pers. name that is the first cl. of Happis­ in the names themselves and elsewhere to carry the tradition of [t burgh (Hmp's burg) in Happing hd, belongs to one of the oldest, open-air meetings at hundred meeting-plaees back to heathen if not to the oldest, strata of English place-names, and Blything times, i. e. to the sixth or seventh century. and LodninrlOs ('dwellers on the Blythe and the Loddon'), which The close connexion. between the hundred and its thing is are derived from river-names, though of a less archaic type than emphasized by hundred-names like Spelhoe, Spelthorn 'speech hill ! Happing, belong to about the same age. The only reasonable (thorn)', Modbury 'moot-hill', etc., i. e. hundred-nanies which con­ explanation of a hundred-name like Happing is that it denotes tain a reference to the hundred-moot itself, or Charlton, 'the hill the territory occupied by a colony or community named from its of the freemen', rderring to those attending the moot. Though leader Heep, who also g'ave its name to the stronghold of the these names give no definite indication of the age of the moot, Ii district, l1a!p's burg.2 Happing hd is still a district isolated from they indicate that the hundred was organized on a district centred the surrounding country by rivers and marshland, and we have in the moot, rather than on the manor. here a clear instance of a community dating in all probability Professor Stenton has drawn my attention to an important r from the rarly 6th century which is the origin of a modern piece of evidence for the age of public. meetings. A charter of hundred. The other eases noted above, though less striking, are about the year 800 (BCS 201, A. D. 799--802) contains a passage also instances of early - probably oth century - tribes or com­ liberating the receiver of the grant from 'omnium fiscalium munities of settlers passing into hundreds:' There are other names redituum operum onerumque seu etiam popularium c.onciliorum'. of a similar kind, for instance Mersete Sa 'the border settlers', As early ai-i the eighth century the 'popular councils' here referred which furnishes another instance of an early settlement appearing to were felt to be so onerous ai-i to be made the object of a special 1n the as a hundred. clause in thp, charter. The nature of the councils is not stated, There. is a good deal of at least post-Conquest eVidence, it is hut on the analogy of later grants they may he assumed with a true, which connects the hundred with the manor, but the evidence good deal of certainty to have been ;;hire and hlllldred courts.' which connects the hundred with the thing is also very strong There are hardly any others to which the terms of the charter and goes hack to a far more primitive age. wiII appiy. t If the hundred in general were 'an admini8t.rative district, The llame~ of hundred meeting-places carry the moot still farther back. Hundred-names like TVodneslaw or Thunreslaw, 'hill' 1 HN xly f. dedicated to \Voden and to Punor', which contain names of heathen , Cl. Ekwall. PNing 12G. who notes the parallel Snnningas: Sunbury I from Mx. deities, and must denote places where they were worshipped,' can

3 It is yery likely that some other names in -ingas, e. g. ,steyning, 1 cr. e. g. Ch I. 10. pt passim. They were hardly known as 'hundred' Poynings, Guestling Sx were ah;o originally names of the inhabitant~ of cOllrt~ by this time. ,I hnnrlreds. but became restricted to denote their ehief rentre. , Here no doubt also belong Thurstable E~;; and a few other hundrerl­ I names: Y. the int roductory note to the prec. ;;eelion. ~

'I!! JI :') j :"R f I 214 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names 215 only be unden;tood if we assume that the hundred moot held at ideas of this kind may have lingered on after the introduction of I these places was combined with or identical with the sacrificial Christianity. ! assembly to which the names refer. These names and the assemblies It may also be added as a proof of the antiquity of the thing ­ I they denote thns date from the heathen period. It is scarcely I though a less conclusive one - that there is evidence that a possible to imagine that districts created in the ninth or tenth hundred of the same name as a village in the hundred was not century should have chosen for their meeting-places places of always named from the village community itself, but that in 1 heathen worship, which must long have fallen into discredit or i'1 Jj some, not to say most, cases both hundred and village alike derive disuse. The only way of accounting for the hundreds' taking their names from the same natural feature (e. g. Lackford Sf, HN i 1 their names from these spots is to assume that moots were held XXVlll and Redbridge Ha, ,HNSW Xl). I here from heathen times onwards, and that the tradition proved There is thus abundant evidence of the high antiquity of the 1 strong enough to survive the introduction of Christianity. There moot, and there is evidence in the topography and arrangement i are similar instances from Scandinavia of hundred moots being of many modern hundreds that they were organized on the moot. held at places of sacrifice and identical with the sacrificial The conclusion from this must be that in these cases, as in those assembly.' mentioned above, the hundreds correspond - more or less exact­ The same is true also of names in beorg and hliiw combined ly - with districts or rather local divisions, each with its moot, with pers. names, and presumably names of Saxon burial-mounds. in existence before the 7th century, or at least at its beginning. This numerous group of names also dates from heathen times. I.t There is, however, some evidence to the contrary in the 11 may be argued that even if the names or the barrows are as old hundred-names themselves, which, though of less importance, as the 6th or 7th century, this does not prove that they were should be disenssed. There are several hundreds which were used as meeting-places at this early age. But it is evident that named from churches, and though most of the names are names they were chosen as meeting-places because of the tradition which of the capita of hundreds, their meeting-places being elsewhere, bound the hundred-men to the persons buried in them. A good there are a few cases where it must be assumed that hundreds illustration is furnished by Scutchamfly Barrow, earlier Cwichel­ had churches for their meeting-places. Here it may be assumed meshl(Ew, if this is the burial-place 2 of the first King Cwichelm of that the divisions on which the hundreds are founded are later Wessex, who died in 593, as has been supposed: the barrow was than the introduction of Christianity into England. But the posi­ chosen as the meeting-place of the folk-moot because it was the tion of the hundreds is noteworthy. Two are in Romney Marsh, burial-place of an old king and former leader of the country. The a district hardly settled even in the 9th century; two more are gatherinl! at ScutchamfIy Barrow is thus carried back to the 6th in Dorset, one of these as far west as the Devon border, and one century, and tbis applies mutatis'mutandis also to hundred-names near Derby. These names. hardly prove anything for the age of derived from names of heathen burial mounds. the hundredal division in general. '. We have also hundred-names derived from oak-trees, ash-trees • As noted above, a number of hundred-names are formed from il or thorn-bushes, trees held sacred by the ancient Teutons," and names of villages by the addition of another element, e. g. Morles­ ~ ,I names derived from meeting-places at ,springs which may have ton Db nforley Stone'), Leightonstone Hu CLeighton Stone') or q been thought holy. These names point in the same direction as Chechemetorn W ('the thorn-bush of the people of Chedglow'). those mentioned above, thongh it is not improbable that popular These names cannot have arisen till after the creation of the village settlements to which they refer, and though this provides I 1 Cf. Sahlgren, De skanska hiiradena och deras namn, NoB 8. 54 f. no definite datf', it may be taken as a sign of comparative lateness. /1 2 Cf. also. however, note 2 on p. 164. . It should be added that there is hardly anything to prevent the ~ 3 On hol~' thorn-trees. cf. also Sahlgren, op. cit. 56. 1/ I. I [

11 11 ri 11 , >'!

216 O. 3. Anuers('n 1'11<' Eng']j,h ll11ndred-Name~ ')1,

assumption that the settlements were in existence by the cnd of hm"ever, partly be due to ot.her reasons. On the other hand it the 7th eentury or earlier. is possible or probable that, as suggested by Lir-bermann, the Names of ereetions used by the hundred comt, e. g. Dill Sx boundaries of the primitive nnits -- in so far as they were already and Shamwell K also make an impression of lateness, though this in existence - could occasionally be readjusted to suit the new need not neeessarily be eorrect. 1t may be noted that the hundreds organi7,ation_ of Kent have been held to be of comparatively late formation for With regard to the choice of one hundred as the unit of other reasons. assessment it may be noted that the praetice of annexing distriets Finally, one may note that hundred-names are frequently com­ each rated at a hundred hidr-s to royal estates may have been bined with dithematie pers. names. The use of uncompounded in operation already at the time of the organization of the terri­ pers. names seems to have beeome unfashionable among the higher torial hundred in the early tenth eentury, and may have furnished classes at an early age (cL Redin 187 L, Ekwall, Mod. Lallg. a precedent. The ultimate reason for the choice of this number Notes 50. 538). and :lll unusually large percentage of dithematic whether due to foreign models or simply to its roundness, is pers. names in place-names may therefore be taken as a sign of uncertain. relative latenr-ss. It is r-asily perceived, however, that this piece The division into wapC'ntakes in existenee in the Danelaw is of evidence is of very uncertain value for the question of the age of Danish origin, as shown by its name, and by many wapentake of the hundredal division, and it may be noted in addition, for names, and cannot be older than the ninth century. Yet it may '''hat it is worth, that dithematie pers. names are undoubtedly to some extent be founded on a more primitive organization of more common in hundred-names in the west than in the east or native origin, as suggested by the fact that many wapentakes south. have English names. There is, however, a fairly marked difference On the details of the reform which created the modern hund­ in size between hundreds and wapentakes, the latter being on the red, and the reason for this term one can only speculate. It was ~ . whole the larger, and the wapentakes lack the nniformity char:1c­ formerly assumed that the hundred was so termed because it teristic of the IHllldreds of many are:1s. originally eonsisted of a hundred households or warriors. The absenee of any mention of the hundred before the early tenth century renders this theory difficult to aceept. The view whieh now holds the field is that the hundred was 80 ealled heeause it paid geld on a hundred hides. Whether the fiscal hundred eould 011 the whole be simply superimposed on the existing nnits of local government or whether subdivision or rearrangement was -' .. -- ,::; '-d. necessary to :my considerable degree, it is difficult to say. It ~ i,: ne.'" would be somewhat remarkable if the existing units were every­ where so uniform in area that they could all be rated at a hundred hides. On the one hand it may be assumed that the term hundred is due to the fact that the assessment of a hundred hides was the most general, and that, there were loeal variations from the rule. One may call attention to the existence of double hundreds of 200 hides, hundreds and a half of 150 hides, and half-hundreds of 50 hides, and tu the fairly great variations in the number of hide" from hundred to hundred in some areas - which may -V':

1I \ The English Hundrell-Names 219

Awre hd GI 2.6 Barton Hill GI 2.33 Axbridge hd So 2. 47 Barton Regis hd GI 2.32 Isle ofAxholme (hd) Li 1. 47 Barton Stacey (bd) Ha 2. 190, 191 I Axminster hd Dv 2. 103 Barwick hd So 2.59 ! Axminster Dv 2.104 Baschurcb (hd) Sa 1. 154 I Axmoutb (bd) Dv 2.103 hd Brk 2.216 I Axton, Dartford and Wilmington hd Basing Ha 2.197 K 3.114 Basingstoke (hd) Ha 2.197 Avlesbeare Dv 3.9 Index Bassetlaw wap Nt 1. 39. 2. VJII. 3.165 Aylesburv hd Bk 3.6 Bastow Hill Hrt 3.51 ,I Aylesbury Bk 3.8 ~~ Bath So 2.41 1. English Hundred-Names Avlesford K 3.9 Bathampton So 2.42 2. = English Hundred-Names, South-Western Counties AVlesford lathe K 3. 115 Batbampton W 2. 80 3. = English Hundred.Names, South-Eastern Counties A~'lstone Hill He 3.187 Batherm Dv 2. 80 Abbanlake So 2. 65 Bath-Forum hd So 2.41 Abberd Brook W 2. 155 AIsthorpe Ru 1.130 n Babergh hd Sf 1. 93 Battle (hd) Sx 3. 104 Abbot's Chair Hu 1. 109 AIstoe hd Ru 1. XXXIV, 130, 3.170 Babergh Heatb Sf 1. 94 Baumber Li 2.130 n Abbotskerswell Dv 2. 96 AIstoe Ho Ru 1. 130 Babinrerode bd Sx 3. 106 Baythorn Ess 1. 94 Abdick and Bulstone hd So 2.64 Allon bd Ha 2. 183 Bachestanes hd GI 2.28.29 Beaminster Do 2. 107 Acklam (2) Y 1. 13, 3. 171 Alton Ha 2. 184 Backstone Dv 2.29 . Beaminster Forum and Redhone hd Aclet], Do? 3. 171 Alverthorpe Y 1. 9 Badbury'M Do 2.129 Do 2.106 Adgeston IoW 3.76 hd GI 2.31 Badbury Brk 2. 130 n Beauxfield (House) K 3.142 AEgelnorJes stan He 3. 187 Alwardeslea hd Np 1. 128 Badbury W 2.130 n Beckenham K 3. 53. 112 "Ernehogo hd Nf 1. 63, 64 Amesbury hd W 2.168 Badbury Rings Do 2.130 Becontrcc hd Ess 3.52 Ag-brigg Y 1. 25 Arnesburv W 2. 169 Badby Np 2.130 n Becontree Heat.h Ess 3.53 Agemede bd GI 2.28,29 Amounderness hd La 1. 29 Bagpath GI 2.29 Bedford bd 3.16 Aggbrigg wap Y 1. 25 Andersey So 2. 68 Bagstone GJ 2. 29 Bedminster So 2.38 Ailesaltede bd Sx 3. 104 Andersfield (bd) So 2. 67 BakeweJl wap Db 1. 33 n Bedriceston hd Wa 1. 135 Aileveswode hd Do 2. 123 Andcrton La· 2.68 Baldslow (hd) Sx 3.105 Begeberie hd GI 2.24 . Ailswortb Np 3.9 Andover (bd) Ha 2. 192 Balsdean Sx 3.105 Beltislue wap Li L fi1 Ailwood Do 2. 123 Angrices burne Ess 3. 40 Bamburgh ward Nb 1. xxv Bemersley St 2. 49 Ainsty wap Y 1. 21 Anstey Do 1. 22 Bampton bd Dv 2. 79 Bemcrtori W 2.49 Ainstv Cliff Y 1. 22 AlIstv Wa 1. 22 Bampton Dv 2.80 Bempstone hd So 2. XI, 49, 3. 187 Ainsworth La 1. 73 Appletree bd Db 1. 35, 2. VIII Bampton (hd) 0 2.226 Benerse K 2.203 Albanestou hd Hrt 3. 31 Arehenfield (hd) He 1.169 Banbury (hd) 0 2.229 Bensington (hd) 0 2.221 Alboldestou bd Np 1. 126 Armingford bd Ca 1. 103 Bareheston (hd) Wa 1. 135 Benton Dv 2.187 Albretesberge hd Do 2. 131 Armingford Bridge Ca 1. 104 Barclay hd K 3. 130 Reonan feld 2.219 Albrighton hd Sa 1. 155 Arrington Ca 1. 104 Barcombe (hd) Sx 3. XIII. 90 Berdestapel Bd 3.51 Aidborough Y 1. 20 Arundel bd Sx 3. 77 Barford hd Bd 3. 18 Bel'destapelesholme Hrt 3.51 Alderbury bd W 2. 169 Arundel rape Sx 3.67,76 Gt. Barford Bd 3.19,176 Bereforda GJ 3. 19 Alderburv W 2.170 Arvester hd Ch 1. 148 n Barham (bd) K 3.146, 147 Bere Regis (hd) Do 2. 124 Aldrington (hd) Sx 3.86 Ascleie hd So 2. 36 Barkston Y 1.23 Berkeley hd GI 2. 14 Aldwick (hd) Sx 3. 75 Ashendon hd Bk 3. 4 Barkston Asb .(wap) Y 1. 23,3.162, Berkelev G1 2. 15 Algal' bd Li 1. XLVI Ashendon Bk 3.6 186 Berkelev Herness GJ 2. 15 AIgarkirk Li 1. XLVI Ashridge hd Brk 2. 204 Barley Leys Wa 1. 137 Berkhampstead hd Hrt 3.29 All Cannings W 2. 154 Aslacoe wap Li 1. 49 Barlichul Le 1. 137 Bermondspit bd Ha 2. 195 Allerdale ward Cu 1. XXIV Aslakestou wap Db 1. 32 BarJichway hd Wa 1.136,3.19 Bermondspit Ho Ha 2. 196 Allerige bd Dv 2. 92 Aswarbv Li 1. 60 BarJicbway Wa 1. 137 Berninton hd GJ 2. 20 Allerston Y 1. 9 Aswardhurn wap Li 1. 59, 3. 48, 124 E. Barnfield hd K 3. 131 Bernintreu hd GI 2. XI, 33, 3.161 Allerton liberty Y 1. 8 Atiscros hd Ch 1. 148.3.191 Barnfield Wood K 3. 132 Berrvnarbor hd D\' 2. 75 AJlerton Mauleverer Y 1. 9 Auronehelle hd Sx 3. ·94 Barnside La 1. 40 Bertan hd So 2. 41 Alnodestreu hd Sa 1. 160 Aveland wap Li 1. 60 Barnstaple Dv 3.51 Bettesbanger K 2.189 Aloesbridge hd K 3. 134 The Aveland Li 1. 60 Barrington GI 2. 20 Bewsborough bd K 3. 141 Alpbington hd Dv 2. 75 Avethorpe Li 1. 61 Barrow Elm GI 2.25 Bewsborough Cross Fm K 3. 142 Alrenhale hd Sx 3.94 Avisford hd Sx 3. 76 Barstable hd Ess 3.50,188 Bexhill (bd) Sx 3.103 AIsiston (hd) Sx 3.94,95 Avisrord Ho Sx 3.76 Barstable Hall Ess 3. 50 Beynhurst hd Brk 2. 203 Avon W 2.147 King's Barton (hd) GJ 2.12.33,42 Biburv GI 2.24, 3. 178 Barton by Bath So 2.41 Bicha;ndic Nf 1. 75 n 1.(···~d•..•.... 1 ~ 220 ! O. S. Anders9n ~ ~ The English llundrpd·Namef 221 Biddlesdell Bd 2. 189 Bletchingdon 0 2. 14 Riddulph St 2.72 . Br3mber hd Sx 3.82 BroIIlSWO!d Hll 1. 112.2. lSG Blewbury hd Brk 2.216 Biggleswade hd Bd 3. III Bramber rape Sx 3.80 Brothercross hd Nf 1.66 Biggleswade Bd 3.20 B1ewburv BTk 2.217 Branch and Dole hd W 2. 147 Rlidesloe hi! GJ 2. 6 Brollghton Ha 2.190 Bindon hd Do 2. 120 Branch hd W 3. 122 Brown So 2.136 Binfield Brk 2.219 Blidworth hd Nt. 1. XI.n Braughing hd Hrt 3.32 Blinchesfeld hd Do 2. 138 Brownsha1I hd Do 2. 135. 3. 167 Rinfield hd 0 2.219,3.1,2 Br3ugbing Hrt 3.3.3 Browns Wheel Do 2. 135' Rinfield Heath 0 2.219 Blofield (hd) Nf 1. 71,3.172 Braunton (hd) Dv 2.75 Broxash hd lie 1. 166 Blofield Heat.h C'ff 1. 7i! Bingfield Nb 1. 42 Brav hd Rrk 2.202 Broxa~h BIofield Sf 1. 72 Wood He 1. W6 Bingh3m (wap) Nt. 1.42 Bra" Brk 2. 203 Hroxham K 1. 166 Bloxham (hd) 0 2.228 High Bray D,- 2.203 Binyhameshou wap Nt 1. 42,3. 162, Blynfield Do 2.13il Broxton (hd) Ch 1. 151 190 Bremeles scea,qan W 2.1n6 Broxtowe (wap) Nt 1. 38, 3.170 Bingley Y 1. 42 BIything hd Sf 1. xxVI, 87,3. 212 Bremesese hd He 1.167 BnmselI's Knap Do 2.135 Binywella Sx 1. 42 Blyt.h Law Hill Nt 1. 40 Breneesber,qe hel W 2.. 148,3. 122 Bodebi Li 1. 57 Brntoll lid So 2.53 Binsted (hd) Sx 3.76. 77, 170 Brenchlev and Horsmonden hd K Brntoll So 2.54 BoldeTford Bridge Ha 2.176 Biohhandull K 3. 53 3. 121 . Brydelades ford Sr 3.81 Bolderwood Walk Ha 2.176 Birchgrove Sx 2. 187 Brenl:hley K 2.148,3. 121 Ruche/ai hd Bd 3.17,165 Birehlev K 3.131 Boldre (hd) Ha 2. 176 Iluckholt Hill Ha 2.190 Boles/ord wap Y 1. 6 Bn'lldon Hills So 2. 136 Bireholt K 3. 138 Brenklev Nb 1. 133 Buckingham hd Bk 3. 1,3 Bolingbroke wap or soke Li 1. 55 ~. Bireholt Baronv aml Franchise hds Bolingbroke Li 1. 56 Bren! So 2.50 Buckland Newton hd Do 2.113 K 3.138 .. Brent with Wrington hd So 2.50 !3uckland Newton Do 2.114 Bome/U1~. hd Wa 1. 132.2; VlII Birdforth (wap) Y 1. 7, .'1. 81,162 Brentry Gl 2.34,3.161 !3ucklebury (hd) nrk 2.206 Boothby Graffoe (wap) Li 1. 57 Bucklow hd Bd 3.17,165 Birenefeld K? 3. 131 Boothbv Li 1. 57 Bridford Dv 1. 8, 3. 81 Biscopes hd Sf 1. 87 Bridge and Petham hd K 3.147 Bllcklow hd Ch 1. 148, 3.17,165 Boothb~' Pagnell Li 1. 57 Bishop's Cannings W 2.154 Bridge K 3.147 BllCklow Hill Ch 1. 149 Borgescire W3p y 1. xx IV, 20 Bridgwater hd So 2.67 Bllckrose wap Y 1. 13, 1'1,27 Bishop's Cleeve (hd) GI 2. 10, 11 Borollghbridge Y 1. 21 Bishop's hd So 2.46,63 BridweIl Dv 1.8 Buddlesgate hd Ha 2. XI, 188 B07f)wflrt lathe K .'l. 141 Budgitts Fm Do 2.189 Bishop's Lydeard hel So 2.63 Bosemere Bd 1. 89 Brightford hd Sx 3.81,162 Brightston Dv 1. 135 Budgitts Fm Ha 2. 189 Bishop's Sutton (hd) Ha 2.185 Bosham hd Sx 3. 71 Bishopstone hd Sx 3.94 Brightwellsbarrow hd Gl 2.17,2'1 E. and W. Blldleigh hds Dv 2.100 Bosham Sx 1. 89. 2. 180,3. 71 Bishop's Wtlltham hd Ha 2.182.3. "Ill Brimpts Dv 3.139 E. BudJeigh Dv 2. 101 Bisley (hd) Cl 2.27 Bosmere hd Ha 2.180.3.163 Brimstree hd Sa 1. 160 Buesborough Cross K 3. 142 Rosmere and ClavdOll hd E':f 1. 88 Blacan gr(('fan Brk 2.163 Bos Mere Sf 1. 89 Brimstree Hill Sa 1. 160 Bug Dale Y 1. 14 n Blacan graf 2. 163 Bringsty He 1. 133 Ilugthorpe Y 1.14 'V Bosmere Bush Sf 1. 8~) Blacelew hd Gl 2. 14 Bosmere Hall Sf 1. 89 Erinkburn Nb 1. 13<1 Rulanstan So 2.65 Blache.qrat'e hd W 2. Hi2 Bosmere Ha 1. 89 Brinkbill Li 1.19,133 IJulford (wap) Y 1. 6 Blacheterne hd So 2.3" Brinkhurst. Sx 1. 133 BulIingdon hd 0 2.223,3. 173 The Bostle Sx 3.105 G~een Blackbourn hd Sf 1.96 Botloe hel GJ 2.3 Brinkl8\" Ca 1. 133 BuIlingdon 0 2.224 Blackbourne hd K 3.130 Rot.loe's Green Gl 2.1 Brinklev Hill He 1. 133 BuIlsdown 0 2.224 BIackburn Fm Sf 1. 97 Brinklo~ (hd) Wa 1.132 Bullner (wap) Y 1. (j Bl3ckburn (hd) La 1. 29 BoughtOll underBIean (hd) K. 3. 127 Krinksole Sx 1. 133 Bulstonf> hd So 2.64.65 Bountisborongh hd Ha 2. 186 Brinkworth W 1. 133 BJackenhurst hd Wo L 139,140 The Bourne Bk 3. 10 Bunsly hd Bk 3. 13, iii Black He3th Lo 3. 113 Britford W 3.81 Bunsty Fm Bk 3.15 BJaekheath Lo 3.113 Bowcombe hd IoW 2.200 Brixton hd Sr 3.58 Buntdes pyt Ha 2. 187 Bower Chalke W 2. 145 BIackheath hd K 3. 64. 113 Brixton (Hill) Lo 3.58 BlITbage Db 3.85 Box and fltockbridg-e hel Sx 3. 71 BIackheath hd Sr 3.63 Hoxgrove Sx 3. 72 Broad Chalke W 2.145 Burbag'e Le 3.85 Blackheath (Common) Sr 3.64 Bozeat Np 1. 89 Broad Clvst Dv 2. 102 Burbage W 3.85 Bl3ck Torringtoll hd D\' 2.88 Bozenham Np 1. 89 Broad Mere Sf 1. 97 BlITbeach hd Sx 3.85 Black Torrington Dv 2. Broadwater (hd) Hrt 3.27,174,186 Bun'ott Bk 3. 13 sn Brad,,,, Icretere Hrt 3. 27 Blackwater La L 29 Broadwindsor liberty Do 2.106 BurQhshire Y 1. 20 Brademere hd Sf 1. 96 BlackwelI (2) Db 1. 32 Brade 1J)(Pter Hrt 3_ 27 Bmcees hlrE1L' Ha 1:166 Burley Arches hd Sx 3. 100 Blagrave Brk 2. Hi3 Bmcces slwd Wo 1. 166 Burmarsh K 3.141 Bl3grove W 2.162 N. and S. Bmdford hds Sa 1. 152. 153 Brac/on hd Ha 2.190 Kurnham (hd) Bk 3. 10 Bradford hd ~T 2.152 Blaisdon Gl 2. 14 Bromlev and Beckenharn hd K 3. 112 BUTton Agnes Y 1. 12 Blakewelle wap Db 1. 32 Bradford-on-Avon W 2, 153 Bromle\' K 3.112 Burton lid Y 1. 12 Bradley hd 22 RJean Forest K 3.127,149 Cl 2. Brompt'on Ralph (hd) So 2. 72, 136 Bury (hd) Sx 3.79 BIeangate (hd) K 3.149 Bradley Haverstoe wap Li 1. 51 (hd) So 2. 72, 136 ButtinghilI hd Sx 3.88 Bradlev Li 1. 51 BIedisloe GJ 2.6 Kromsa~h He 1. 167 Buttington Gl 3.89 BradJl:r/ter Ashe Hrt 3.28, 186 Bromsg'rove Wo 1.168 B,1j!nera c1Imb W 2.49 1

222 o. ::;. Ander:,on , The English Hundred-Names 223 Cadbury So 2. 130 . ,1 Chaddleworth Rrk 2.228 ;! ChristchllTeh Twvneham Ha 2.176 Consett Du 2. 128 hd Dv 2.95 ',~ Cadelintone Chadlington hd 0 2. 227 . Cadworth hd W 2. 144, 146 Chuteley hd Ha '2.106 Cooden Sx 3.110 Chadlington 0 2.228 Cirencester (hd) Gl 2.25 hd Brk 2. 203 Ccerswille Dv 2.96 Chafford hd Ess 3.51 Calbourne hd IoW 2.200 Seven hds of Cirencester Gl 2.21 Coombs Diteh hd Do 2. 127 Calceby Li 1. 54 Chafford Heath Ess 3. 52 Clacces wadlond 0 1. 75 Coppedan ac Ha 3.59 Chalbury Hill Do 2. 120 Clackelose hd Nf 1. 74, 3.183 Coppedan porne Ha, Hu 3.59 Calceworth hd Li 1. 54 Chalke hd W 2. 144 Caldbergh Y 1. 12 Claekelose-Hill Nf 1. 75 Coppede oOTne Sr 3.59 Chalton Ha 2. 180 Clapham hd Bd 3.18 Copthorne hd Sr 1. 165,3.59 I Caldy (hd) Ch 1. 151 CharboTOugh Do 2. 125 Calehill hd K 3. 128 Clarborough Nt 1. 21 Copt horn Sr 3.59 Charlton hd Brk 2. Xl, 203, 3. 161 Clareton Y 1. 21 COl/uetdale ward Nb 1. xxv i Calehill K 2.146,3. 129 Charlton Horethorne So 2. 57 hd W 2. 154 Claw wap Y 1. 20 Corby (hd) Np 1. 118 Chart and Longbridge hd K 3. 129 Claw Hill Y 1. 21 Castle hd Do 2. 123 Calne W 2.155 Great Chart K 3.129 Calow Db 2. 146 Clavering (hd) Ess 1. 83,3.36 Cornilo hd K 3.143,166 Chatham and Gillingham hd K 3.118 Clavering hd Nf 1. 82 Corringham wap Li 1. 48 11 Caludon Wa 2.146 Chatham K 3.118 Calwan hUll Wo 2.146 Claverton hd So 2.42 Corringham Li 1. 49 Chechemetorn hd W 2.159.3.162.215 Claydon Sf 1. 89 Cosford hd Sf 1. 94 'il Calwendoune So 2.146 Cheddar (hd) So 2.46,47' . Cambridge hd Ca 1. xx Cleeve hd Gl 2.10 Cosford Bridge Sf 1. 94 Chedglow (hd) W 2.159,3.164 Old Cleeve hd So 2. 72 Cotes hd Wa 1.134,135 Camel So 1. 144 Cheggeberewe W 2. 159 Cam(m)e hd Wo 1.143.144 Cleley hd Np 1. 124 Coton End Wa 1. 136 E. and W. Chelborough Do 2. 120,12& Cleley Well Np 1. 125 Cotswolds Gl 3.110 [I Candlesby Li 1. 55 Chelmer Ess 3.41 Candlesbv Hill Li 1. 55 Clenehwarton Nf 1. 64 Cottesloe hd Bk 3. 11, 13 Chelmsford hd Ess 3.40 Clencu:are hd Nf 1. XXVI. 63. 64 N. and S. Cottesloe Bk 3. 13 Candleshoe wap Li 1. 55 Chelmsford Ess 3.41 'I Canendone hd Do 2.129 Clent (hd) Wo 1.143 . Brook Sa 1. 158 'I Cheltenham (hd) Gl 2.11 King's Cliffe hd Np 1.116 n Court-at-Street K 3.137 Canford Magna Do 2.129 Cheltlleved Gl 2.11 ·-l Cannings hd W 2.154 Clifton hd Bd 3.24 Court Hill (2) Gl 2.14,26 Chenewardesberg hd 0 2.227 Clifton Bd 3.25 Court Hill Nt 1. 43 Cannington hd So 2. 68 Cherchefelle (hd) Sr 3.65 Cannington 80 2. 69 Cliston hd Dv 2. 101 Courtoak Fm Brk 2.207,3. 186 Chester hd Ch 1. xx Clitheroe wap La 1. 29 n Cowdray Pk Sx 3.71 Canon Hill Do 2.129 n Chester ward Du 1. xxv Canterbury hd K 3.148 Clofeshoh ?K 3.168 Cowiek 'Barton hd Dv 2.74 Chester-Ie·Street Du 1. xxv. 2.128 Clun hd Sa 1. 1&8 Cranborne hd Do 2.130 Carhampton (hd) So 2.71 Chesterton (hd) Ca 1. 106 . Carleton Forehoe Nf 1. 78 Broad Clyst Dv 2. 102 Cranborne Do 2. 131 Cheveley (hd) Ca 1. 99, 3. 52 Codanclite Sx 3. 110 Cranbwok (hd) K 3.131 Carletuna Sf 1. 92 Chevelev Ch 1. 99 Carlford hd Sf 1. 91. 3. 161 La Codde K 3. 111 Craven Y 1. XXIV, 20, 26 Chew hd So 2.39 Codeswella Gl 3. 110 Crawan porT! 0 2. 26 Carlford Sf 1. 92 . So 2. 30 Carsewilla hd Dv 2.96 Codsheath hd K 3.110 Craykhowe Y 1. 7 Chewton hd So 2. 39 Cogdean hd Do 2. 128 Crediton hd Dv 2.84 Cashio hd Hrt 3.30 So 2.40 Cassio Hrt 3.31 Cogdean Elms Do 2. 128 Crediton Dv 2.85 Chichester rape Sx 3.67 K and W. Coker (hd) So 2. 59 Creeeh SI. Miehael hd So 2.67 Cassiobridge Hrt 3.31 Chikenesse hd Wa 1. 136 n Castle ward Nb 1. xxv Colchester hd Ess 3.44 Creslow Bk 1. 143 Chilbury Plantation Do 2.120 Cold Blow K 3.143 Cresselau hd Wo 1. 143 Caswell Np 1. 143 Childerditch Ess 2.12 Catash (Inn) So 2.55,56 Coldridge Dv 2. 95 Cresswell Nb 1. 143 Chilford hd Ca 1. 101, 3. 161 Coleridge hd Dv 2.94 Crewkerne hd So 2.62 Catsash hd So 2.55.3. 186 Chilford Hall Ca 1. 102 Cattishall Green SI'1. 83 Coleridge (2) Dv 2. 95 Crewkerne So 2. 63 Little Chilfords Ca 1. 102 Coleshill (hd) Wa 1. 138 Crieket Malherbie So 2.63 Caunton Nt 1. 55 Chillington Dv 2. 95, 228 Cave (hd) Y 1. 17 Collingtree Np 1. 124 Crieket SI. Thomas So 2. 63 :l Chiltern 2. 11 Colne La 2. 155 Crieklade W 2. 161 Cawdean W 3. XIII Chiltern hds 2.218,3.9 1 Cawden and Cadworth hd W 2.145 Colneis hd Sf 1. 93 ewes Ati Flint 1. 148 ':1 Chiltington Sx 2.12 Coltrewestall hd Np 1. 124, 3. 162 Crondall hd Ha 2.198 " Cawden hd W 3. XIII Chippenham hd W 2.155,3.194 'il Cawdon Dean W 3. XIII Coly/on (hd) Dv 2.102 Crondall Ha 2.199 i Chippenham W 2. 157 Combs Ditch Do 2.127 Crouch Green Ess 3.43 Cawston (hd) Nf 1. 64 n, 2.146 Chipping Ongar Ess 3.40 Caysford hd Hrt 3. 31 Compton (M) Brk 2.215 Crouchford Ess 3. 43 ;1 Chipping Warden (hd) Np 1. 127 Condetret hd Sa 1. 160 Crowthorne and Minety hd Gl Celberqe hd Do 2. 120 Chirbury hd Sa 1. 156 Celeberge hd Do 2.125 Conditre Sa 1. 160 2.25,26 ChirbllTY Sa 1. 157 Condover (hd) Sa 1. 157 Cuekamslev Barrow Brk 3.164 'I Celfledetom hd Gl 2.16,17 Chislet hd K 3. 149 I Ceptune hd Ha 2.180 Congresbury (hd) So 2.46,47 Culliford 'l;ree hd Do 2. Xl, 118 Chitterling Ha 2.197 Conkwell So 2. 128 n Culliford Tree Do 2.119 :1 Cerne, Totcombe and Modbury hd Chouseley's PighUe Ha 2. 197 :1 Do 2. 114. 115 Connerton (hd) Co 3.155 Sa 1. 159 ChristehllTeh hd Ha 2.17.5 Conock W 2.128 Cu/uestan hd Sa 1. 159 1 f 224 O. 8. Anderi'o]) l ~ Tbe English Hundred-Names ~2g Cum be hrl 80 2.36 Dodington Ash Gl 2.30 ~: E. and W. Easwith hd Sx 3.79.162 Everley hd W 2.168 Cumberlalld ward eu 1. XXIY Dolbeare Dv 2.149 .1 Cum Ion hd IJa 2.173 1 Easwrith Sx 3. 80 . Evesham hd Wo 1. ]40 Dolburv Dv 2.149 Ecgbryhles stan 3.187 Evingar hd Ha 2.193 Cunuca leage So 2.128 Dole hd W 2.147 hd Np 1.113 Ewcross wap Y 1. 26, 3. 191 N. Curry (hd) So 2.66 Doleburv So 2. 149 Ecton ('urn' Hivel hd So 2. 64 J Eddisbury (hd) Ch 1. 150,3.178 EWfllme hd 0 2.220 lJoles!eld hd W 2. 148 Eddisburv Hill Ch 1. 150 Ewelmc 0 2.221 Cutcombe hd So 2.71 Donehelue hd So 2.36 Edelmeslrie hd Sx 3.94 n Ewyas Lacy hd He 1. XXI, 169 Cutelhom hd He 1. 165 Dorchester hd Do 2. 118 Edgware hd Mx 3.55 Exburv Ha 2.110 ('utmill Wo 1. 165 Dorchester (hd) 0 2.222 Cuti'dean GI 3.110 Ediveherst hd Sx 3. 96 Ex(e)slan hd Ch 1.148 Downhamford hd K 3. 14n Edivestone hd Sx 3.96 hd Dv 2.74 ('utthom Gill Sx 1. 165 Downton (hd) W 2.171 Edmonton hII Mx 3.53 Exminster hd Dv 2.99 Cutlleston hd St 1. 145, 159 Driffield bd Y 1. 15 Cuttlestone Bridge St 1. 146 Edmonton Mx 3.54 Exminster Dv 2.100 Gt. Driffiflld Y 1. 15, 2. Vlll, 3. 195 Edrnlestan hd GI 2.28,29 Exning hd Sf 1. 84 Cw)burgelaw hd Wo 1. 141 Driganhurst So 1. 142 CU'!chelmeshlam: Brk 3.164,214 Edwinstree bd Hrt 3.33 Eyhorne hd K 3.123 Droxford hd Ha 2. 182 Hrt 3.33 Eyhorne Street K 3. 123 Cyteling rim! Ha 2.196 f)j'yhurst hd Wo 1. 141 Edwynesbrugg Edwyneslre Hrt 3.33 Eynsford hd Nf 1. 72 Duchv of Lancastt'r hd Gl 2.4 Ha 3.60 Eynsford K 1. 73 Datorum hU Hrt 3. 28. 30 DUdb'ridge Gl 2. 13 Ettanhamme Effingham (bd) Sr 3.60 l'i. and S. Damerham' hds W 2.171 Duddleswell hd Sx 3. 101 n Faireross hd Brk 2.206,207,3.191 Ihlmerham Ha 2.172 Egelwurdesle hd Np 1. 128 Dudestan hd Ch 1. 151 Egg-anIon hd Do 2.109 Faircross PlantationBrk 2.207 Danbury Ess 3.49 Dudlev hd ''1'0 1. xx Danehill Sx 3.99,100 Eggardon Fm Do 2.110 Fale11lere hd Ha 2.186 l)udston and King's Barton hd GI Eggardon Hill Do 2.110 Falmer (hd) Sx 3.91 Danehill Horsted hd Sx 3.100 2. 12 Fareham (hd) Ha 2. 179 Danehurst Sx 3.100 Egham Sr 2.208 ])udstone GI 2.13 Faringdon bd Brk Darling-ton ward Du 1. xxv Egheiete bd Ha 2.175 2. 211 DulYt'rton (hd) So 2.72 Eglei bd Brk 2.208 Farnham hd Sr 3.62 Dartford hd K 3.114 Diimmer G 3.68 Egley Sr 2.208 Farrington Do 2.137 Forest of Dean hd Gl 2. 7 Dllmpford hd Sx 3. 67 Eight Hundred Fen Li 1. XLVI Faversham (hct) K 3.126 Dean hd Sx 3.88 Dumpford Ho Sx 3.67 ElIesmere hd Sa 1. XXI Fawley hd Ha 2.185,3.128 Debden Ess 3.84 Dllmpte G 3.68 ElIoe wap Li 1. 62 Fawlev Ha 2. 186 Deerhursl (hd) Gl 2.8 G Diimpten 3.68 ElIoe Stone Li 1. 63 Fawley Down Ha 2.186 Dengie Ihd) Ess 3. 48 Dunun wyrpe Brk 2.144 TJa }Jenne hd Sx 3. 99 Elmbridge hd Sr 3. 60 Fawley Fm Ha 2.186 n Dunclent Wo 1.143,144 Elrehell hd Sx 3.94 Fawsley hd Np 1. 127 lJt'pwade hd Nf 1. 80 Duneslau'e hd W 2. ln6 Dt'rbv Db 1. 31 Elsdon He 1. 164 Fawsley Np 1. 128 Dunford Sx 3.67 11 Elsedun hd He 1. 164 Fawton hd Co 3. 153 W. ficrb" hd La 1. 30 K 3.145 Dunhmn EIsenham Ess 1. 164 Felborough hd K 3. 127 W. Derb" La 1. 31 Dunlfly (Wood) W 2.156 JJeri!irst 'Hu 1. 109 Elsing Nf 1.164 Felborough Wood K 3.128 Dunmow hd Ess 3.37 Felphaw Sx 3. 128 Derinlau hd Sa 1. 158, 3. 165 Elsin.'lton hd Nf 1. 63 Dunmow Ess 3.38 Fel'endone bd Do 2. 137 Dcshorongh hd Bk 3.9 hd He 1. 168 Elstob Du 2. 168 ]junre F,l"tub and Everlev hd W 2. 168 Fernecumbe hd Wa 1. 137 Dcsborough Castle Bk 3.10 Dnnwich Sf 3. 68 Ellhorne hd ~fx 3:55 Fexhole hd Wa 1. 135 Dl'vil'" Dyke Nf 1. 73 Dunworth hd W 2. 143, 146 Devirs D'·ke Nf 1. 75 ]) Elthorne Heights Mx 3.55 Finces stapol Ha 2. 181 Dunworth Copse W 2.144 Ely hd Ca 1. 107. 108 Finchde:llI hd Ha 2. 180 h'd W 2.154 Dyfn:mt Brecon 3.68 Dewlish !Id Do 2.117 Ely Ca 1.108 Finchdean Ha 2. 181 f)ie wap Y 1. 3 Epworth (wap) Li 1. 47. 3.181 n Finedon Np 3.160 E(/(lbolt.lfJS stowe hd Np 1. 126 Erlai hd Bk 3.11. 12 . .i"ingest Bk 3. 160 Dickcring wap Y 1. X.\VI. 11. 13,3.1\1\1 Earsham (hd) Nf 1. 81 Ermine Street Ca 1. 104 Fishersgll.te (hel) Sx 3.86, 177 Dicon hd Np 1. 114. 115 Earsham Sf 1. 81 n Dilhorne St 2. 72 Erming-ton hd Dv 2.92 Fissesbery hd Wo 1. 140, 2. VIll t~aseboume hd Sx 3.68 Flamstead Hrt 1. 101 Dill hd Sx 2.205.3.96.117.159.183 Ermington Dv 2.93 Easebonrne Sx 3.69 N. and S. Erpingham hds Nf 1.68 Flaxwell wap Li 1. 59 Dincdor Ht' 1. 168 Easington ward Du 1. xxv Dincdor Camp He 1. 168 Erpingbam Nf 1. 68 Fleam Dyke Ca 1. 100 East hd Co 3. 152 Esch hd Wo 1.143,144 Flegg Burgh Ni 1. 70 Dincdor Hill He 1. 168 East hd Ru 1. 129, 130 Eskdale ward Cu 1. XXIV E. and W. Flegg hds Nf 1. 70 Diptford (hd) Dv 2.93 East ward Wm 1. xxv Dishforth Y 1. 81 Eslite!ord hd Brk 2.216 Fleggisdam Nf 1. 71 Eastbourne hd Sx 3.95 FIendish hd Ca 1.100,3.179 Diss hd Nf 1. 80 Esseborne hd Ha 2.193 Eastbourne Sx 3.96 Flexborollgh hd Sx 3. 93 Diss Nf 1. 81. 3. 179 Esselei hd Ha 2. 185 Eastbury Wo 1. 82 Flexburgh W 3.94 Docking hd Nf 1. 65. 3. 195 Eslursete (hd) K 3. 148 Eastry (hd) K 3. 144 Euxton La 3. 77 Flimwell Sx 1. 101. 3. 108 nodding-trel' hd Wo 1. 142 Eastr~' lathe K 3. 141 Evangales Ha 2.194 Flitt hd Bd 3.23 ]5 \

226 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names 2:27 J Flitt Bd 3.24 Gerlestre wap Y 1. 7, 3. 159 Flitton Bd 3. 24 ,.;i Guthlaxton hd Le 1. 44 Hastings rape Sx 3. 102 Gersdon hd GI 2.25 Guthlaxton Bridge Le 1. 44 Hatelakesto wap Nt 1. 32 Fnog.qesesse hd He 1. 166 ll, 2. YllI Gestingthorpe Ess 3. 105 f Folkestone (hd) K 3. 140 Guthlaxton Meadow Le 1. 45 IIozmthau Y 1. 12 n Ghidenetroi hd Sx 3. 69,70, 162 1 Havering hd Ess 3.52 Ford hd Sa 1. 155 Gilderis Nf 1. 76 Ford Sa 1. 156 '1 Hacle hd Y 1. 13 lIayerstoe wap Li 1. 51 Gilling (wap) Y 1. 9 :( IIawerby Li 1. 51 Fordingbridge hd Ha 2.173 Gillingham hd Do 2.136 Haddling Wood K 3.141 Fordingbridge Ha 2.174 Hagemede hd Gl 2.28,29 IIawick'Nb 2.84 Gillingham Do 2. 137 HawkesboTOugh hel Sx 3. 102 Fordwich hd K 3. 145 Gillingbarn hd K 3.118 L Hagenemeda hd fix 3.91 Hagley Sa 2.29 Hawthorpe Li 1. 51 11,2. Vlll if Abbey Foregate hd Sa 1. xx Glaslon-Twelve-Hides hd So 2.45 Forehoe hd Nf 1. XXVlII, 59, 78 Haglow GI 2.29 Hayne hd K 3. 137 Glendale ward Nb 1. xxv Hayridge hd Dv 2.83 Forehoe Hills Nf 1. 78 hd GI 2. 12 Hailesaltede hd Sx 3. 104 ~: Haytor hd Dv 2.95,96 Foxearle hd Sx 3. 102 Godalming hd Sr 3.62 Halberton hd Dv 2.81 Foxley (hd) Np 1. 125 1; IIalberton Dv 2.82 Haytor Down Dv 2. 97 Godahning Sr 3.63 Haytor Rocks Dv 2. !)7 Framfield (hd) Sx 3.98 Godderthorn hd Do 2. 108 Halfshire hd Wo 1.143,144 Framland hd Le 1. 46 Halgrm tEC Bk 3.185 Hazelburv W 1.162 GOdlev hd Sr 3.61 Headacni Sx 1. 18 Great Framlands Le 1. 46 Godle,' Hill Sr 3. 61 Halikeld wap Y 1. 10. 3. 162 XXIY Heane Wood K 3.138 Frarnpton (liberty) Do 2.75,118 Godrenelonde Do 2.109 Hallarnshire Y 1. Frarnpton Gl 2.75 Goldspur hd Sx 3.106 Hallikeld Spring Y 1. 10 Hebbllrn Du 3.132 Halseten hd Sa 1. 157 Hedeling lathe K 3.141 Freebridge hd Nf 1. 64, 3. 161 Gore hd ~fx 3.55 Halstock liberty Do 2.108 HedelmestTe hd Sx 3.94 n I Freeby Le 1. 65 Gorsete/eld hd Brk 2.206,207,3.172 j Freemanners hd So 2. 71. 72. 73 Halton Nb 2. 84 Hedingham (Castle and Bible) Ess E. and W. Goscote hds Le 1. 43. 3. 184 Haltone hd Do 2.116 3.42 Freethorpe Nf 1. 65 .. Goscote Hall Le 3. XIII . Frclllington hd Dv 2. 76 Ham hd K 3. 136 Heene Sx 3. 138 Goseteld hd Brk 2.206,207 Ham Street K 3.136 Fremington Dv 2.77,3.98 The Gosetrowe Sx 3.106 Hetedele hll Ha 2.198 :j Frendles wap Y 1. 9 Hambledon hd Ha 2. 182 HelmestTei hd K 3.111 " Gossington GI 3.106 Hamelestan wap Db 1. 34, 148 !i Freshwater hd IoW 2.200 Gostrow hd Sx 3.106 Helmes treow W 3.111 Hameston hd Ch 1. 34, 148 Hemlingford hd Wa 1. 79, 138 Freshwcll hd Ess 3. 36 Grates ende Np 1. 128 11 !I Harnfordshoe hd Np 1. 122,2. VIII, 68 Hemlingford Bridge Wa 1.138 il Frogesesse hd He 1. 166 n, 2. VIII Graffoe wap Li 1. 57. 3. 190 "I hd So 2.43 Grantham Li 3.124 Hammenstan wap Db 1. 34, 148 Hemlingford Green Wa 1. 138 Hampton and Claverton hd So 2.42 ;1 Frome So 2. 44 Gravesende hd Np 1. 128 Hemresll:el hd IoW 2.200 Hamston Hill Db 1. 34 Hemyoek (hd) Dv 2. 81 Frustfield (hd) W 2. 170,3.159 S. Greenhoe hd Nf 1. 74. 3.190 'I Fumess wap La 1. 28 Handley Do 2.140 Henburv hd Gl 2.33 N. Greenoe hd Nf 1. 67,3.190 Hang wap Y 1. 10 HCllburv Gl 2.34 J Fumelege hd Nf 1. 63, 64, 2. VIII Greens Norton hd Np 1.125 Hang Bank Y 1. 10 Henfield (hd) Sx 3. 84 Greens Norton Np 1. 126 Gran~e Gadre hd 0 2. 2'24 Greenwich (hd) K 3.113 IIanson Db 1. 34 n Henherst Sx 3.108 Happing hd Nf 1. XXVI, 69, 3. 212 Gainfield Fm Brk 2.212 Greet Gl 2. 17 Henhowe Sf 1. 83 Galehoges Nf 1. 67 Happisburgh Nf 1. 69,3.212 Henhurst hd Sx 3. 107 Grene/eld hd Ha 2.180 Haran pom Wa 2.57 Gallow" hd Nf 1. 66, 67, 3.190 Grenehowhyll Nf 1. 67 Hensborough Hill Wa 1. 135 n Gallows Corner Do 2. 138 Haran porne IIrt 2. 57 .Henstead hd Nf 1. 79.3.170 (Castle) Gresley (hd) Db 1. 37 lIarhrycge So 2.84 Heortigtun Dv 2.88 . Gallows Field Np 1. 126 n Gretestan hd Gl 2. 16. 17 Gallows Hill Do 2. 120 Grettoll Gl 2. 17 . Harlow hd Ess 3.34.38 Heme Bd 2.84 Gallows Hill Hrt 3.26 Harlow Ess 3.39 . Hertesberie hd Dv 2.75 Grevtree hd He 1.167.168 Harmes Hatch Sr 3.62 Gallows Hill Sf 1. 84 Griinboldestou hd Gl2. 29. 3. 21.170 Hertford hd Hrt 3.31 GamelanwyriJ K 3.137 Grime's Graves Nf 1. 75 n . Harome Y 2. 84 Hertford Hrt 3.32 Hartcliffe wi th Bedrninster hd So Gameneslond Sx 2.212 Grimlev Wo 1. 165 Herttorth Lyth Y 1.5 2.37 Herth: Y 1. 18, 133 Gamenhulle Wo 2.212 GrimsJioe hd Nf 1. 75 Ganfield hd Brk 2. XI, 211, 3. 162 Hartcliff Rocks So 2.38 Hesle Norw 1. 17 Grimspollnd Dv 1. 165 Hartfield hd Sx 3.100 Garstang La 1. 53 Grimsworth hd He 1. 165. 3.169, 208 Heslites/ord hd ilrk 2.216 Hartfield Sx 3.101 Hessle (2) Y 1.16,17,162 Garston La 2.17 E. Grinstead (hd) Sx 3.100,170 Gartree hd Le 1. 45, 53, 3. 51, 185 Harthill wap Y 1. 14, 18 Heyford Np 3.176 W. Grinstead (hd) Sx 3.83,170 Hartisrnere hd Sf 1. 87 Heytesbury (hd) W 2. 149 Gartree wap Li 1. 46, 53, 3. 51. 185 Grumbald's Ash hd Gl 2.28.29.3.21, Gartree Bush Le 1. 46 lW . Hartland (hd) Dv 2.88 Hezetre hd He 1. 162,3.185 Hase hd Y 1. 16 Hibaldstow Li 3.170 Gartree Road Le 1. 46 Seven hds of Grumbald's Ash Gl 2. Geapan garan Ha 2.194 Haselor Wa 2.122 Higham Ferrers (hd) Np 1. 123 28,29 Haselor Wo 2.122 George hd Do 2.117 Guestling (hd) Sx 3.105 High Peak hd Db 1. 32, 2. VIII Gereburg wap Y 1. 21 Hasilor hd Do 2.121 Highworth, Cricklade and Staple hd Guilsborough (hd) Np 1. 120 Hasler Do 2. 121 Geritone hd Np 1. 113 Guiltcross hd Nf 1. 75 W 2. 160 Hassle(by) Sw 1.17 Highworth W 2.161 li

228 O. S. AndersOIl The Eng-Iish Hundred-Names '229 HUdes hlCE1JJ Bk 2. 210 Hundersetle Ha 2. 172 hIe ofAxholme Li 1. 47 HUdes hlCEw Brk 2. 210 Laekford Bridge Sf 1. XXVIlI, 97 Hundes hlCEW Brk 3.56 Isle of Ely Ca 1.107 hd Brk 2.210 Lambourn (hd) Brk 2.209 Hildeslaw Hundred Bank He 1. 166 Isle of Oxney K 3. 134 hd Bk Hill hd Li 1. 54 [,amua 3. 3 Hundred Barrow (2) Do 2. 119, 125 Isle of Thanet K 3. 150 Hilleslau hd Brk 2.210 Langbargh wap Y 1. 2 Hundred pike Nf 1. 6() Jsleworth (hd) Mx 3.;:;6 HiIton Do 2.116 Langbaurgh Y 1. 2 Hundred End La 1. 30 Islington Nf 1. 63 Himble Brook Wo 1.138 Langdyke Bush Np 1. 114 Old Hundred Farm GI 2.30 lvers'hagh Nt 1. 41 l.angeberge hd Do 2. 133 Himbleton Wo 1.138 Hundred Heath Ess 3.46 Himley St 1. 138 Ixhill (hd) Bk 3.5 Langebrige hd GI 2. 12 Hundred Hill Nf 1. &9 n lxwvrth Sf 3.6 Langebrigg Sx 3. 95 Hinekford hd ESB 3.41 Hundredhouse Ess 3.48 l! Hindlip Wo 3.65 Langedyk hd Np 1. 115 Hundred House So 2.52 KatehO!! Li 3.190 Lange treoU' Brk 2. 219 Hirstingrave Hu 1. 109 Hefthulle Ha 2.19 Hundred House (2) Sx 3.99,106 Langley and Swinehead hd Gl 2.30 ! Hitehin and Pirton hd Hrt 3.28 Kendal ward Wm 1. xxv Hundred House Wo 1.142 Langley GI 2.31 Hitehin Hrt 3. 28 Kenners Barrow 2.227 Hundred (Lane) He 1. 163 0 Langoe wap Li 1. 56, 3. 190 Ho hd Nf 1. 68 Kerrier hd Co 3. 154 Hundred Lane Nf 1. 80 Langport (hd) K 3. 135 Hodding-lon (hd) Ha 2. 195 Ketteringham lId Nf 1. 64 n 11 Hundred Lane (4) Sf 1. 87, 88 Langtree hd 0 2.218 Hodnet (hd) Sa 1. 153 Old Hundred Lane Sf 1. 88 Keynsham (hd) So 2.40 Holan ford 0 2. 18 Larkfield hd K 3.118 Hundred Oak Ha 2. 199.3.186 Kevsford Sx 1. 92 Larkfield K 3.119 Holborn Lo 2. 18 Kiftsgate hd GI 2.15 Hundred Pit He 1. 165 . Lallnditch hd Nf 1. 73,2. VJJI Holeombe hd Dy 2.74 Hundred River Nf 1. 75 Kiftsgate GI 2.19 j Holdelythe Y 1. 5 Lawdav House Sr 3.62 Hundred River (2) Sf 1. 84, 87, 90 Kiftsgate 'Court GI 2.19 Lawress wap Li 1. 50, 3.159 Holdenhurst (hd) Ha 2. 175,3.97 Hundredsbarrow hd Do 2. XI, 124, 3. Kilmersdon (hd) So 2.43 Holderness wap Y 1. 19, 29 Leath ward Cn 1. XXIV, XXVI, 2. VJI\ 161 Kilve So 2.119 Do 3. 45 Holdshott (hd) Ha 2.199 LeaJ:an oc Hundredsnow Sr 3.66 n Kimbolton hd Hu 1. 108 Li 3. 190 /Joleford (hd) Gl 2.16,18 Legeshou Hundred Steddle Sx 3.85, 183 Kinefolk Wo 1.139 Leighton Bromswold Hu 1. 111 Holford So 2.18 Kinetoll Wa 1. 136 Hundredsteddle Fm Sx 3.73, 183 Leightonstone (hd) Hu 1. 111,3.162 r Hollingbourne lalhe K 3. 115 Kinewardesberg hd 0 2.227 Hundred Stone (3) So 2.45,49,58 Leintwardine He 1. 162 Holmstrow hd Sx 3. XIlI. 92 Kinghamford hd K 3. 146 Hundred Stream Nf 1. 69 Sr 3. 60 HoIt hd Nf 1. 67 King's Barton (hd) GI 2.12,33 Leithepit \: Hundredway Bd 3.21 hd He 1. 161 Holt Nf 1. 68 King-sbridge hd W 2.162,163,3. 147 Dene Hunesberge' hd Do 2. 133 hd He 1. 162 Holybourne hd Ha 2. 184 Kingsbridge Dv 2.163 Lenteurde Hunesbiorge K 1. 135,2. 133 Leominster hd He 162 r Holv Oakes Le 3. 185 E. and W. Kingsbury hds So 2.63 1. Hunifeld hd 0 2,219 n Lesnewth hd Co 3. 152 Honesberie hd Wa 1.135.2.133 Hunningham Wa 1. 135 Kingsbury Episcopi So 2.64 Hoo hd K 3. 117 . Kingselere (hd) Ha 2.194 Lessness hd K 3. 113 Huntington hd He 1. XXI, 164 Lessness K 3.114 Hoo SI. Werburgh K 3.117 Huntou hd Y 1. 12 King's Cliffe hd Np 1. 116 n Horethorne hd So 2.56,57 Kingskerswell Dv 2.96 Destona hd So 2.58 Huntow (Fms) Y 1. 12 Letberge hd GI 2. XI, 33 Horethorne Down So 2.57 Huntspill and Puriton hd So 2.50 King's Somborne (hd) Ha 2. 18\) Hormer hd Brk 2.213 King's SlItton (hd) Np 1. 126,127 Lethe Croyce Sr 3. 60 Huntspill So 2.50 Lew Dv 2.90 Hornblotton So 2.49 Kingsteignton Dv 2.97 Hurlditch Dv 2. 152 Lewes hd Sx 3.91 Horneastle (wap) Li 1. 56, 2. VIlI Old Hurst Hu 1. 109 Kin,<;("ston K 3.147 Horninga 1IlCEre 0 2. 214 King.ston hd Sr 3. Lewes rape Sx 3.87 Hurstbourne Tarrant Ha 2.193 m Lewknor (hd) 0 2.220,3.93 Ji Houndsborough, Barwiek and Coker Hurstingstone hd· Hu 1. 109, 3. 162 King.ston.on-Thames Sr 3.57 hd So 2.59 King-ton hd Wa 1. 134 Le:l.-den (hd) Ess 3.44 Hursting Stone Hu 1. 109 Leyland (hd) La 1. 30 Houndsboroug-h hd So 3. 56 Hurstingstone Hill Hu 1. 109 Kintbury Eagle hd Brk 2.208 Houndsborough Cross So 2.60 Kintbury Brk 2.209 Lide wap Nt 1. 40 Hutton Hang Y 1.10 Liet hd So 2.59 1, Houndstone So 2. 60 Huxloe hd Np 1. 116 Kinwardstone hd W 2.165 Hounslow hd Mx 3. 56 Kinwardstone (Farm) W 2.165 Lifton hd Dv 2. 89 Huxlow (Cross) Np 1.117,118 Lifton Dv 2.90 Hounslow Mx 2.61,3.56 Hythe hd K 3. 138 Kirkby Malzeard Y 1. XXIV Hoveden hd Y 1.17 Kirton wap Li 1. 62 Limbo Fm Sx 3. 78 K 3. 134 Howden Y 1. 18 Kirton in Holland Li 1. 62 Limwarlest Jckford Bk 3.6 Linseott Dv 1. 64 n Howdenshire wap Y 1. 14, 18 Kiveton Y 2.19 lfield hd Sx 3.85 Litchureh Db 1. 36 Hoxne (hd) Sf 1. 87 llllea W 2.151,3.171 Knightlow hd Wa 1. 132, 3.161,165 Hreutford Ha 2.177 Knig-htlow Cross Wa 1.134 Litelai hd K 3. 113 Jlev Oak W 2. 151. 3. 171 Lith wap Nt 1. 40 Hringwoldes beorh So 2.51 I1siey Brk 2. 210 Knightlow Hill Wa 1. 134 Hrysan beorge W 3.8 Knowle Hill Do 2.132 Little hd K 3.113 In hd Nf 1. 63 Littlefield hd K 3.119 Hnmbleyard hd Nf 1. 79, 138 Ippollitts hd Hrt 3.28 Knowlton (hd) Do 2.132 Humble Nf 1. 79 Knoyle hd W 2.171 Locheslege hd So 2.51,52 Jsbourne Gl 3. 69 Loekleys Hrt 3.99 Humbleyard Wood Nf 1. 79 Jse Np 3.69 Laekford (hd) Sf 1. XXVJJI. 97,3.215 Loddon (hd) Nf 1. 82. 3. 212 230 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names 231

Loders libert \' Do 2. 109 Makerfield wap La 1. 30 ?lfilton lathe K 3. 124 Moulsoe (hd) Bk 3. 14 Lodninge hd'Nf 1. XXVI, 82, 3. 212 Maldon hd Ess 3. 48 Milton Regis K 3. 125 Mount Alstoe Ru 1. 130 Loes hd Sf 1. 90. 3. 183 Mailing hd K 3.118 Milverton (hd) So 2. 70 Mount Plantation Li 1. 60 n Longbridge Deverill hd W 2. 171 Mailing hd Sx 3. 98, 99 Minehead hd So 2. 36. 71 Mow Cop Ch 3.3 Longbridge hd K 3. 95, 129 S. Mailing Sx 3. 98 Minety hd Gl 2. 26 . Mawdebush-Hill Le 1. 44 Longbridge hd Sx 3. 94,95 Hd W 2.157 Mitford hd Nf 1. 77,3.176 ?llulberrv Green ESB 3.39.160 Longbridge Bridge K 3.130 ManadoIl Dv 1. 48 Mitford Nb 1. 78 Munslev He 1. 160 . Longham Nf 1. 73 ~fanby Li 1. 48 Mith hd Y 1. 11 -"llInslo\v hd Sa 1. 158 Long Mountain Sa 1. 156 Jfanehetue hd So 2.36, 71 MObberlev Ch 3. 160 Mlluslow Sa 1.159 Longstow hd Ca 1. 105 Jfaneshou wap Y 1. 5 Modberge Nf 1. 80 Mursley hd Bk 3.11 Long Stowe Ca 1. 105 Lrt llfanelrodp Sx 3. 75 Modburgh So 2.44 Mursley Bk 3.12 Lon~ree hd Gl 2. 26, 29 .ltangrare Np 1. 128 Modbury hd Do 2. Xl, 88, 114, 116,3. Must01l'e K 3.119 Longtree Barn Gl 2. 27 ~Ianhood hd Sx 1.48,3.72 160 Mutford and Lothingland hd Sf 1. 84 Loningborough hd K 3. 139 ~Ianhood End Sx 3.74 Modbury (2) Do 2.109 n, 116,3. 160 Mutford Sf 1. 85, 3. 160 Lonsdale hd La 1. 28 Manlack deanery Li 1. 48 n Modbury (2) Dv 2.87,88,92, 116,3. Mutford Hrt 3.33 Lonsdale ward Wm 1. xxv Manlev Dv 1. 48 160 Mutford Bridge Sf 1. 86 u Loosebarrow hd Do 2.125,126 Manle~' wap Li 1. 47 Modley Gate Np 1. 126 n Mutlow Ch 3.160 Loose Hall Sf 1. 91 Jlanne.~heved Nt 3.22 Mogwrosene Np 1. 165 Mutlow Hill Ca 1. 100,3.160 Lothing hd Sf 1. 84, 3. 212 Mansbridge hd Ha 2. 177 Mole Dv .2.78 Mutlow Hill ESB 3.36.3.160 Lothingland hd Sf 1. 84 Mans Bridge Ha 2.178 Mole Sr 3.60 . Mystecomb Do 2.111 . Louthesk hd Li 1. 53, 2. VIII, 3.162 Manshead hd Bd 2.31,3.21 lIlalesauesUtu hd Bk 3. 14,162 Myptol'd Brk 1. 78 Loveden wap Li 1. 58 Manshead (Hill) Bd 3. 23 Molland (hd) Dv 2.77 Loveden Hill Li 1. 58 Manston Dv 2. 178 N. Molton (hd) Dv 2.78 Nachededorn hd Brk 2.215 Lowestoft Sf 1. 84 n Mareham (hd) Brk 2.212 S. Molton hd Dv 2.77 Natrysbroc Np 1. 117 Low Hill Wo 1. 142 Marden (hd) K 3. 125 S. Molton Dv 2.78 Nantwich hd Ch 1. 149 I~oxbeare Dv 3. 98 Market Weighton Y 1.16 Monestede hd So 2.71 Naseby Np 2.130 Loxfield Dorset and Pelham hds Sx Marlborough hd W 2.164 W. Monkton hd So 2.51 Nassaborough hd Np 1. 29,61,114 3.97 Marsetelie Sa 1. 155 Monkton-up-Wimborne hd Do 2.132 Na~'e(re)slund hd Np 1. 117,3.190 Loxfield Sx 3.99 Marshfield hd Gl 2.28 Monnington Stradel He L 168 Navisford hd Np 1. 116. 3.190 Loxley Sr 2.52,3.98 Marshwood hd Do 2.105 ~fontfoT(1 Sa 2.178 Navisford Np 1. 117 Loxley St 2.52.3.98 Martin Pountnev hd K 3. 135 Moot Hill Np L 119 n Neatham (hd) Ha 2.184 Loxley Wa 2.52,3.98 }Iartinscroft La.' 1. 131 Moot-Hill Y 1. 15 n Ness wap Li 1. 29, 61 Loxley (Wood) So 2. 52,3. 99 Martinslev hd Ru 1. 131 Moothill Cross Dv 2. 97 Netherfield (hd) Sx 3.104 Loxwood Sx 3. 98 Martinsth'orpe Ru 1. 131 Moothill Fm Nt 1. 42 Neveslund hd Np 1. 117 Ludborough (wap) Li 1.52 Martock (hd) So 2.61 Moot-House Pit Nt 1. 42 Newark (wap) Nt 1. XXlII, 41 Ludinga hd Sf 1. XXVl, 84. 3. 212 Marton (hd) Wa 1. 133,2. VlII Moot-Stone Hu 1. 110 Newehurch (hd) K 3.136 Lutan mere 0 1. 58 Marton Y 1. 20 Moots Wav Hu 1. 110 Newenden hd K 3. 132 Lune Valley La 1. 28 Matlask Nf 3.160,186 Moreton hd Brk 2. 215 New Forest hd Ha 2.176 Luniabird Fries!. 1. 85 Matlock Db 1. 34, 3. 160, 186 S. Moreton Brk 2.217 Newport hd Bk 3.13,16 Lusa beorg W 2. 126 Mawsley (hd) Np 1. 121 Morleston and Litchurch hd Db 1. 35 Newport Pagnell Bk 3.16 Luscott. Dv 2.126 E. and W. Medina hds IoW 2.200 Morleston Db 3. 162. 215 (Sturminster) Newton Do 2. 135 Lusebeor.q W 2. 126 Meetinghouse Copse Brk 2.207 Morley Db 1. 36 Newton hd La 1. 30 Lvatts So 2.59 Meleborne hd So 2.56 MOTlev Park Db 1. 36 n Newton in Makerfield La 1. 30 Lydney (hd) Gl 2.7 Melksham (hd) W 2. 153 Morle~- wap Y 1. 25 Nimmings Wo 3.103 Lynn Nf 1. 64 Mells and Leigh hd So 2.44 Morley Y 1. 25, 26, 36 Ninfield (hd) Sx 3. 103 Lynware hd Nf 1. 63, 64 La Mennessered Ha 3.23 Morpeth ward Nb 1. xxv Nobottle Grove (hd) Np 1. XXWlI, Lypiatt Gl 3.65 E. Meon (hd) Ha 2.183 Gematbeorg IoW 2.116,3.160 120,3.162 Lythe (wap) Nt 1. 40 Meonstoke (hd) Ha 2.182 Motbearh Do 2. 116,3. 160 Nobottle Np 1. 120 LyUanlea K 3. 114 Meonu'are Ha 2.173, 183 Moteombe Do 3. 160 Nonington K 3.139 Merc (hd) W 2.143 ?lfoteombe Fm Sx 3.96,160 Normancross hd Hu 1.112.3.191 (hd) Ch 1. 148 Mersete hd Sa 1. XXVI, 155, 2. VIII, 3. 212 (Upper)motehill EEs 3.51 Norman Cross Hu L 112 . Maesbrook Sa 1. 155 Merton (hd) Dv 2.86,87 Matelawe Np 1. 124 Norman Cross Way Hu 1.113 Maesbnry Sa 1. 155 ~fexborough wap Y 1. XXVIII, 24 Gemathus Ha 2. 188. 3. 160 Norman-Gate Ru 1. 113 Maidford Dv 3. 81 }licheldever (hd) Ha 2. 188 Gematleah W 2.166; 3.160 Nort hd Y 1. 11 Maidstone hd K 3. 122 Middlewich (hd) Ch 1. 149 Motslow Hill Wa 1.134 Northallerton Y 1. 9 Maidstone K 3. 123. 187 Midford So 1. 78 Le Matstawe Ess 3.43,160 Northburne hd K 3.143 Mainsborongh hd Ha 2. 187 Milborne Port So 2.56 Matstowe Ess 3.47,160 Bd outshle the North Gate of Oxford Mainsforth Du 2.187 Milton hd K 3.125 Matstawe Sx 3.79,160 02.223 1.·····1·"; i

2il2 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Namcs 233

Northstow hd Ca 1. 105, 3. 170 Pateley Bridge Y 1. 137 Portbuf\' hd So 2. a6 Ringoltdeswee bd So 2.51 Northwich (hd) Ch 1.149 Patemere hd Ha 2. 173 PortbUl'" So 2.37 Ringslow hd K 3. 150,166 Norton Ferris hd So 2.54 Pathlow (hd) Wa 1. XXXIV, 137, 3.165 Portchester Ha 2. 180 Ringwood (bd) Ha 2.174 Norton Ferris W 2.55 Patintun hd Sa 1. 159 Portishead So 2.37 Rinlau bd Sa 1. 158 Notbing Hill Ha 2.194 Patney W 1. 159 Portland hd Do 2. 118 Ripon(shire) Y 1. XXIV, 37 Nyland So 2.68 n Pattingbam St 1.159 Portsdown (bd) Ha 2. 179 Ripplesmere hd Brk 2.202 Patton Sa 1. 159 Portsea Ha 2.180 Risberg bd Sx 3.77,78 Oakham-Soke bd Ru 1. 1ill Pauperhaugh Nb L 107 Ha 2.180 Risborough (bd) Bk 3.7 Ock hd Brk 2.212,216 Pavenbam Bd 1. 107 Potterne and Cannings hd W 2. 154 Risbridge bd Sf 1. 95, 3.177 Oektord hd Brk 2. 213 Pawton bd Co 3.154 Potterspury hd Np 1. XXVIII, 125 Monks Risbridge Sf 1. 95 Odiham hd Ha 2. 197 Pavthorne Y 1. 137. 2. VIII Poulton bd K 3.141 Risebolme Li 1. 50 Odiham Ha 2.198,3.35 Higb Peak hd Db i. 32, 2. VIII Pountney K 3. 185 Riseton hd Ch 1. 150, 3. 180 Odsev hd Hrt 3.25 High Peak Db 1. 33 Powder hd Co a. 153 Risley wap Db 1. a8 Odse)' Grange Ca 3.26 Pekesbru Y 2. 136 liberty Do 2.111 Ristone bd Sx 3.99 Ottan die So 2.65 Pen Hill Do 2.141 Poynings (hd) Sx 3.88 Roach Ess 3. 50 Offlow (bd) St 1. 146 Pensax Wo 2.141 Preston hd Sx a.88 Roborough bd Dv 2. 90, 123 Old Hurst Hu 1. 109 Penwith bd Co 3. 154 Preston (hd) K a.145 Roborough Dv 2.91 OIlerton wap Nt 1. 38 Perreham hd Sf 1. 90 Puckeridge Hrt 3. 33 Roborough Down Dv 2.91 Ongar hd Ess 3. 39 Perry Bridge Sr 3. 64 Pucklechurch (hd) Gl 2. ao Rochdale La 3. 50 Chipping Ongar Ess 3.40 Pershore (hd) Wo 1.140,3.200 Puddletown (hd) Do 2.117 Rocbester hd K3. 118 Optongren hd NP 1. XXII, XXXVII, 114 Petelie Sa 1. 159 Piining G 3. 88 Rocbford (bd) Ess 3.49 Orlingbury (hd) Np 1.121 Peterborougb (wap) Np LXXII, 115 Purbeck hd Do 2. 122 Rocbford Wo 3.50 Osgoldcross wap Y 1. 23 Petham K 3.147 Pur Brook St 1. 147 Rod!'die hd Ha 2. 175 Oslo Norw. 3.171 n N. Petberton hd So 2.66 Puriton So 2.51 Roeberge bd Brk 2.206 Ossulstone hd Mx 3. 54 N. Petberton So 2.67 Purslow (hd) Sa 1. 158 Roe Green Hrt 1. 119 Ossulslon Str. Lo 3. 54 S. Petherton (hd) So 2. 62 Pvder hd Co 3. 154 Roelrm hd Ch 1. 150 Oswaldbeck (wap) Nt 1. 39 Petherwin Dv. Co 3.154 PvrtOIl hd 0 2.219 Rogate Sx 3.65 Oswald Beck Nt 1. 39 Pevensey 10wilY Sx 3. 96 Pyrtoll 0 2.220 Rolvenden bd K 3.132 Oswaldeshlaw Wo 1. 141,142 Pevensey rape' Sx 3.92 Rolvenden K a. 133 Oswaldslow hd Wo 1.140,142 Pickering (wap) Y 1.3,4 Quantock Hills So 2.69 Roseberry Topping Y 1. 12 Oswestry (hd) Sa 1. XXI, XXXVII, 155 Pickering Lythe (wap) Y 1.3,4 QlIlHles Nf 2. 152 E. Rother Sx 3. 101 Otford hd K 3.110 Pickering Vale Y 1. 4 W. Rotber Sx 3.79 Ottery St. IIbry (hd) Dv 2.101 PiIton hd So 2. 44 Rachel hd So 2. a7 Rotberbridge hd Sx 3.78 Ouse and Derwent wap Y 1. 14. 19 Pimbrook Sa 1. 155 Radfield hd Ca 1. 101. 3. 172 Rotberbridge Fm Sx 3. 78 Overs bd Sa 1. 160.3.167 Pimhill hd Sa 1. XXXI. 154 Radlow bd He 1.167 . Rotherfield (hd) Sx 3.101,172 Overs Sa 1. 160 . Pim Hill Sa 1. 154. 3.184 Radlow Field He 1. 167 Rotherburst Sx 3. 101 Overton hd Ha 2.194 Pimlev Sa 1. 154 Ramsbury hd W 2.164 Rothley Le 1. 119 n Overton Ha 2.195 Pimperne hd Do 2. 133 Ramsburv W 2. 165 Rotbley Nb 1.119 n Oxney hd K 3. 134 Pimperne Do 2. 134 Rapsgate hd GI 2. XI, 23, 3. 160 Rotbwell bd Np 1. 118 Pimperne Long Barrow Do 2. 134 Rapsgate Fm Gl 2.24 Rothwell Np 1.119 Pagham (hd) Sx 3.75 Pirehill hd St 1. 146. 2. VIII Reading (hd) Brk; 2.205 Rotbwell Li 1. 11911 Painley Y 1. 137 Pire Hill St 1. 146 Reeordine bd Sa 1. 15a Rothwell Y 1. 119 n Panborougb So 1. 137 Pitham K 3. 147 Reclllver bd K a.149 Roubergh lId W 2.166 Papcastle Cu 1. 107 Pitminster bd So 2.69 Redbornstoke bd Bd 3.21 Rovelai bd Bk 3. 2 Papelwlt Ha 1. 107 Pitnev hd So 2. 53 Redbridge (hd) Ha 2. XI, 177, a. 215 Rowbarrow hd Do 2.91,122 Great Papeley Wood Sf 1. 107 Ple,!!'liet hd He 1. 166,3. 177 Redhone hd Do 2.106,108, a. 187 Rowbarrow Lane Do 2.123 Papercourt Sr 1. 107 Plomesgate bd Sf 1.90 Redbone Do 2.108 Rowburv Hill Brk 2. 207 Papley Np 1.107 Plomesgate Mill Sf 1. 90 Redlane hd Do 2.1a7 Rowbury Lane W 2. 167 Papley Grove Ca 1. 107 Ploughley hd 0 2.224 Red Lane Do 2. la9 Rowedich Ha 2. 175 Papworth bd Ca 1. 106 Ploughley Hill 0 2.225,3. 16a Reigate hd Sr 3.64 Rowley Hills Bk 3.2 Papworth Everard Ca 1. 106 Plumtree hd Nt 1. XLVI Reigate Sr a.65 Rueberge hd W 2. 166 Papwortb St. Agnes Ca 1. 106 Plumtree wap Nt 1. 38 Repton and Gresley bd Db 1. a6 Ruesset bd Sa 1. XXVI, 156 Papworthbank Wm 1. 107 Plympton bd Dv 2. 92 Repton Db 1. a7 Rugan die W 2.175 Papworthele Nb 1. 107 Plympton Earle Dv 2.92 Reweset hd Sa 1. XXVI, 156 RUJedieh Ha 2. 175 Parham Sf 1. 90 Pocklington (hd) Y 1. 15 Reynald's Way So 2.51 Ruloe Ch 1. 150 Parlick La 1.147 Polebrook (hd) Np 1. 116 Ridgehill So 2.38 RusbcliCfe wap Nt 1. 42 Pastrow bd Ha 2. 192,193 Poling (hd) Sx 3.66,77 RilIaton bd Co a. 153 Rusbcliffe Hills Nt 1. 43 Patching (hd) Sx 2. 193.3.82 Pool Valley Sx 3.87 Ringmer hd Sx a. 97, 98 Rushmonden hd Sx 3.99,100,180 234 O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names :!~~~) Rushrnore hd Do 2. 122 Shepway lathe K 3.134 Ruston Wood Sx 3.100,180 Sparken Hill Nt 1. 45 Stone hd So 2.58,3.187 Sherborne (hd) Do 2. 113 Sparkenhoe hd Le 1.45.3.168 Stone Fm So 2.58 wap Rn 1. 129 n l:3herbum Y 1. 5 Ruu'an beorg Brk 2. 91 Sparket Cu 1. 45 . Sloneleigh hd Wa 1.133 Shiplake hd Sx 3.96.97 Sparkford Ha 1. 45 Ruwan beorg Do 2.91 Shiplake 0 3.97 Stoncleigh Wa 1. 134 Ruwan biorg K 2. 91 Sparkford Sf 1. 45 Storridg-e He 2.84 Shipway Cross K 3. 134 Sparkmedwe Wa 1. 45 Ruxley hd K 3. 111 Shirehouse Heath Sf 1. 83, 95 Stotfalde hd NP 1. 119 Ruxlcy K 3. 112 Spelhoe hd Np 1. 64, 122,3.56,160 Stotfalde hd W 2.167 Rye(\~le Shire Oak St.reet Y 1. 22 Spelhoe Bush Np 1.122 wap Y 1. 5 Shireoaks Nt 1.23 Stollesdon hd Sa 1. 160,3.166 Spelhoge hd Nf 1. 63, 64, 3. 160 Stottesdon Sa 1. 161 Shirley Ha 2. Xl. 175. 3.161 Spell Howe Y 1.12 n, 3. 160 Sadberge wap Du 1. un, 1 Shiriey K 3. 130 Stonlton Wo 1. 142 SrEngelpicos Sx 3. 70 Spellow La 1. 122, 3. 160 Stow hd Sf 1. XXVIll, 88. 3.170 Shirwell (hd) Dv 2. 76 Spellow Close Np 1. 118, 3.160 SI. Albans (hd) Hrt 2.22,3.31 Shotover 0 2. 223 Stow wap Li 1. 49 n SI. o'\ugustine lathe K 3.141 Spellow Fm Y 1. 15 n Long Stowe Ca 1. 105 Shoyswell (hd) Sx 3.108 Spellow Fields Nf 1.63 St. Brannoek's Dv 2.76 Shrewsburv hd Sa 1. xx Slowford Bridge W 2.144 SI. Briavels hd GI 2.6 Spdstowe GI 1. 122,2.23,3.160 Stowmarket Sf 1. 88 Shri\'enham hd Brk 2. 209 Spelthorne hd Mx 1. 122, 3. 55, 160, SI. Briavels Gl 2.7 Shrivenham Brk 2.211 Stowting hd K 3. 138 SI. Mart.in's K 3.135,184 186 Stowling K 3.139 Shropham (hd) Nf 1. 76 Sperberry Hill Hrt 3.28,160 Salford (hd) La 1. 31 Shuttlebourne W 3.164 Stowting Hill K 3.139 Salmonsbury hd Gl 2.17,20 Spetehley Wo 1. 142,3.160 Strudel hd He 1. 168 Shut.tleworth La 2. 158 Spurham Dv 3.107 Salmollsbury Camp Gl 2.20 Siqelai hd Bk 3. 15 Stradel Bridge He 1. 168 Samfonl hd Sf 1. 89 Stadson Dv 1. 161 Strafforth wap Y 1. 24, 3.176 Silk Wood W 2.164 Staincliff (wap) Y 1. 26 Sandford Ho Sf 1. 89 K Strafforth Sands Y 1. 24 Silverden 3.132 Staineross (wap) Y 1. 25, 3.191 Sandwich hd K 3. 144 Silverton (hd) Dv 2.83 Stratton hd Co 3.151 Sawley hd Db 1. XLVI Staine hd Ca 1. 99, 3. 187 Singleeross hd Sx 3.82,191 Stanborough hd Dv 2. 93 Slreat (hd) Sx 3.89 Scalehau Li 3. 190 Singleton Sx 3.70 ::'treet hd K 3. 137 Sear Dale Y 1. 13 n Stanborough Brake Dv 2.94 Sioluchamm Ha 2. 164 Stanbridge (hd) Bd 3.22 Stretford hil lIe 1. 16...'3 Seonl hdY 1. 13 Sirlei hd Ha 2. 175,3. 161 Stretford (2) He 1. 164 Scarsdale hd Db 1. 33. 3. 189 Stanbridgeford Bd 3.22 Six hds of Basingstoke Ha 2.173 Stone hd Do 2.114.115.3.187 ::3lretford Brook He 1. 164 Searsdale Terrace Db 1. 34 Sixpenny Handley hd Do 2.140 Striekland Wm 2.158 Schmnele K 3.117 Stanforde hd W 2.144 . Sixpenny Fm Do 2. 141 Stanway Bridge Ess 3.45 Sturrninster Newton hd Do 2.134 Scipe hd W 2. Xl, 160,3. 159,184 Skirbeek wap Li 1. 61 Sturrv hd K 3.149 Serav lathe K 3. 124 Staple hd W 2. 160, 3. 107, 188 Skirbeek Li 1. 62 Staple hd Sx 2. 160. 3. 107. 188 Stursete (hd) K 3. 148 Scutcharnfly Barrow Brk 3. 164 Skirmett Bk 2.175,3.161 Seabrook Bk 1. 145 Staple Cross Sx 3.107 . Sudburne hd Sf 1. XIX n Skyraek wap Y 1. 22, 3. 161 Staploc hd Ca 1. 98, 2. 160, 3. 188 Sulcet hd He 1. 163 n Seaton Ru 1. 145 Skvrakes Y 1. 23 Seekloe (hd) Bk 3. 15, 161 StapJoe Balk Ca 1. 99 Sulhford Dv 2. 83 Shiughter hd GI 2.20 Startforth Y 1. 24 "umnerhouse Bridge K 3. 135 Seisilon (hd) St 1. 145, 2. 141 Lower Slaughter GI 2. 21 hd Ha 2.185 Startlev W 2. 158 Sutelesberq hd W 2. 158,3.164 Slohtranford GI 2.21 Staward Nb 2.84 Sutton hd Brk 2.213 Selbrittenden hd K 3. 132 Slottisford hd Brk 2.216 Seleberhtes cert K 3. 132 Stepleset hd He 1. XXvI, 165 Sutton Courtenay Brk 2. 213 Smithdon hd Nf L 65 Sterchele hd W 2. 158 Bishop's Sulton (hd) Ha 2.185 Seleberhting lond K 3. 132 Snecultcros hd Y 1. 16. 3. XIll Selkeley Wood W 2.164 Steyning (hd) Sx 3.82 King's Sulton (hd) Np 1. 127 King's Sombourne (hd) Ha 2. 189 Stirehlev Sa 2.158 Sulton-at·Hone hd K 3. 114 Selklev hd W 2.163 Somerden hd K 3. 109 Semington Brook W 3. 68 Stoce hd Np 1.118,3.169 Sulton-at-Hone lathe K 3. 109 Somerden Green K 3.110 Stoekbridge hd Ha 2. 189 Sulton Searsdale Db 1. 34 La Sengle Sx 3. 71 Somerfield K 3.110 Seolcing fleot K 2.164 Stockbridge (hd) Sx 3.72 Swainstone hd IoW 2.200 Someriey (hd) Sx 3. 73, 110 .'-:toekton ward Du 1. xxv Swanborough hd Sx 2.168,3.90,161 Seven hds of Cireneester GI 2.21 Somerlon hd So 2. 52 Stodden hd Bd 3. 18 Swanborough hd W 2. XI, 166, 3. 90, Seven hds of Cookham and Brav Somerlon So 2.53,3. 110 Brk 2.202 . Stodden Field Bd 3. 18 161 Song Hurst Sr 3.71 Stodfald hd Bk 3.2,179 Swanborough Fm Sx 3.90 Seven hds of Grumbald's Ash Gl 2.28 Songhurst Sx 3. 71 Seven hds of the Weaid K 3.109,124 Stodtald hd W 2. 167,3.2,179 Swanborough Tump W 2.167 Songrede Sr 3.71 Stodfold hd Np 1. 119, 3. 2, 179 Swinbeorgum 3.164 hd Do 2. 140 Sonning hd Brk 2.204 Shalmsford K 3. 117 Stodfold Np 1. 119 Gl 2.31 Soterlaw hd 0 2. 223, 3. 162 Stoford W 2. 145 Swinehead hd Gl 2. 30,31 Shamele K 3.117 Southover hd Sx 3.91 Shamwell hd K 3.46,116,159,182 Stoke Albany Np 1. 118,3.169 Swineheved Y 2. 32 Southwell hd Nt 1. XLVI n Stoke hd Bk 3. 11 Swineshead Bd 2.32 Shebbear hd Dv 2.86 Sowerby(shire) Y 1. XXIV Shebbear Dv 2.87 Stoke Poges Bk 3. 11, 169 SU'yneshed Gl 2.31 Sparrhford Sa 1.45 Stone (hd) Bk 3.7. 187 S1rynewrose Li 1. 165 231) O. S. Anderson The English Hundred-Names 237 Ta;aferseeat Do? 1. 72 Thunderlev Ess 3.42 Twyford Bridg-e K 3.122 Walling Street 2.22,3.121 Taintone hd Dv 2.97 Thundersley Ess 3.42 T1cYfyrde Dv 2.83 Watlington 0 2.22 Tandridge (hd) Sr 2.5,3.65 Thundridge Hrt 3.46 Tybesta hd Co 3.153 Wayland hd Nf 1. 77,3.190 Tanet (hd) K 3.150 Thunreslau hd Ess 3.41. 162 Ma.n 3. lfH Wayland Wood Nf 1. 77 Tarring hd Sx 3. 81 Thurgartol1(-a-Lee)wap Nt 1. 40 Typnocke Sx 3.85 Webton He 1.169 Tatcombe Wood Do 2. 115 Thurgarton Nt 1. 41 Weblree hd He 1. 168.3.207 Tatmonnes apolder, beorgels Thurlbear hd So 2.66 l'ffculme (hd) Dv 2.80 Webtree He 1. 169,3.207 1. XXXVII, 147,3.170 n Thurstable hd Ess 3.34,47, 162, 188 Ug-ford W 2.111 Weehylstone K 3.120 Taunton and hd So La Thylle Sx 3.96 Uggescombe hd Do 2.111 WNlmore hd So 2.49 n 2.60 Tibaldstone hd GI 2. 10 Uggescumbe Do 2. 111 Lt. \Veighton Y '1. 16 n Taunton Deane So 2. 70 Tibble Stone GI 2.10 Ulethorn hd Ha 2.181 :llarket Weight on Y 1. 16 Taunton So 2. 70 Tickhill wap Y 1. 24 Ulmerestig wap Li 1. 62 TVelesmere hd Sx 3.87 Tayerham (hd) Nf 1. 7Z Tienes feld Ha 2. 179 !J Underditch hd W 2.147 Welford hd Ha 2.191 Tavistoek hd Dv 2.90 Tidenham (hd) GI 2. 5, 3. 66 Upton Np 1.114 Well wap Li 1. 49 N. Tawton with Winkleigh hd Dv Timbold Hill K 3. 126 Uptune grene hd Np 1. 114, 3.162 Welleton hd Y 1.17 2.85 Tindale Ward Nb 1. xxv Uth hd Y 1.11 Wellington hd So 2.63 N. Tawton Dy 2.86 Tingley Y 1. 26, 3.160 Uttlesford hd Ess 3.35,176 Wellow hd So 2.42 S. Tawton (hd) Dv 2.99 Tingrith Bd 3. 23, 161 Uttlesford Bridge Ess 3.35 IVellow So 2.43 Teignbridge hd Dv 2.97 Tinhale Barn Sx3. 75 Wells So 2.46 Teignbridge Ho Dv 2.98 Tintinhull (hd) So 2. 61 Valley End ::ir 2.186 n Wells-Forum hd So 2.46 Tendring (hd) Ess 3.45,117 Tipnoak hd Sx 3.84 The Wellsbourne Sx 3.87 Tendring Heath Ess 3.46 Tippaburne Ess 3.84 Waclescumbe GI 2.22 Welton Y 1.17 Tendryngshameles Ess 3.46,117,182 Tiptree Ess 3. 84 Wacrescumbe hd Gl 2.22,3.121 Weneslai hd Bd 3.19,42 Tenetwara broeas K 3.133 Titchfield hd Ha 2. 178 Waddesdon (hd) Bk 3.4 Weoblev He 1.169 Tenterden (hd) K 3.133 Titchfield Ha 2.179.3.172 Wa;cces treow Ha 2.193 n Weslai 'hd Ca 1.101 Teodeces leage Wa 2.10 TiYerton (hd) Dv 2~ 82 Wa;clingaceaster Hr! 2.22 West hd Co 3.152 Tewkesbury (hd) GI 2.9 Tollerford (hd) Do 2.112 Wainford Mills Sf 1. 86 West ward Wm 1. xxv Teynham hd K 3. 125 Tollesbv Y 1. 111 Walecros wap Db 1. 36 IY. Derby (hd) La 1. 30,31 Tevnham K 3.126 Tollingtrough Green K 3.115 Walesby Li 1. 52,3.191 \Vestbourne and Singleton hd Sx Thame hd 0 2. 221 Toltingtrough hd K 3. 115 Walintune hd La 1. 30 3.6H Thame 0 2.222 Tonbridge lowey, hd K 3.120 Walkham Dv 2.91 IYestbourne Sx 3.70 Thanet (hd) K 3. 1:33. 150 Toot Hill W 2.163 Walkhampton (hd) Dv 2.91 Westbury hd Gl 2.4 Thatcharn (hd) Brk 2.206,207 Topsham hd Dv 2. 75 Walla Brook Dv 3. 4 \Vestbury (hd) IV 2. 151 Theale (hd) Brk 2.205,3.183 Torbar hd Y 1. 11 Wallington (hd) Sr 3.59 Westbury on Severn GI 2.6 Thedwastre Hill Sf 1. 96 Toresholt hd Y 1. 13 Walsham hd NI 1. 71 Westerham (hd) K 3.111 Thedwestrv hd Sf 1. 96. 2. 10 Toseland (hd) Hu 1.110 N. Walsham Nf 1. 71 Westgate (hd) K 3.148 T hiedwarescroft Sf 1. 96 Totcombe hd Do 2. 114. 115 S. Walsham Nf 1. 71 Westminster hd Gl 2.9 Thine Nf 1. 81 n Totmonslow (hd) St 1. '147 Walsham-Ie-WilIows Sf 1. 71 IVetherley hd Ca 1. 104,3.171 Thinghill He 3.160 Totnore hd Sx 3.03 Walshcroft wap Li 1. 36. 51. 3. 191 Whalebone Bridge Ess 3.87 Thinghogo Sf 1. 95 Tottenore Sx 3.93 Waltamse-ire Ess 3.39 . Whalpbones Ho Hrt 3.87 Pinghou Li 1. {iD n Towcester (hd) Np 1. 125 Waltham hd Ess 3.34,39 Whalesbone hd Sx 3.87 Thinghou Nf 1. 68 Trafford La 1. 24 Waitham Holy Cross Ess 3.39 Wharles La 2.152 Thinglcy W 2.156,3.160 Tragetreu hd He 1. 161 n, 168 (Bishop's) Waltham Ha 2.183 Wherwell (hd) Ha 2. 191 Thingoe hd Sf 1. 95, 3. 161, 190 Trem(e)lau hd Wa 1. 135,2. VIII Wandelmestrei hd Sx 3. tl4 Whissendine Ru 1. 130 Thingwall Ch 3.161 Treuhangre W 3.30 IYangford hd Sf 1.86 Whitbv Y 1. 3 Thingwall La 3.161 Trigg hd Co 3. 151, 152 Wantage (hd) Brk 2.214 Whitb;' Strand Iibertv Y 1. 2 Thornbury (hd) GI 2.32 Trimworth K 3. 66 Wapentake Lane Db 1. 34 Whitchurch Canonicorum hd Do T hornegrave hd W 2. 155, 156 Tring (hd) Hrt 3.29 Chipping Warden (hd) Np 1. 127 2.105 Thorngate hd Ha 2. 190 Tuesley S1' 3.171 n Ware Bridge Hrt 3.32 Whitchurch Canonicorum Do 2. 106 Thorngrove Cottage W 2.156 Tiindern G 3.46 Wareham hd Do 2.123 Whitestone hd So 2.44 Thornhill (hd) W 2.162 Tunendu7Ie hd Ch 1. 149 \Vargrave hd Brk 2.204 Whitestone Dv 2.45 Thornlau hd He 1. 166 Tunstead (hd) Nf 1. 69. 3. 170 Warmingham Ch 1. 150 Whitpwav hd Do 2.116 Thornton Dale Y 1. 4 Turbor hd Y 1. 11 Warminster (hd) W 2.150 Whitewa~ Fm Do 2.117 Thorpe Underwoods Y 1. 20 Turlhanger Hrt 3.30 Wf1rmundestrou hd Ch 1. 149 Whitley 'hd So 2. 51, 52 Thredling hd Sf 1. 88, 91 TurncClle Ess 3.107 Warrington (hd) La 1. 31 Whitley Wood So 2.52 Threo wap Li 1. 59 Twemlow Ch 1. 135 Warter (hd) Y 1.15 Whitstable hd K 3.148 Preom hla1can Wo 1. 135 Twiferde hd GI 2. XVll, 5.3. 122 Washlingstone hd K 3.120 Whitstable K 3.149,188 Thriplow (hd) Ca 1. 103,3. 164 Twyford hd K 3. 122 . Watbridge Fm Bk 3.4 Whitstone hd GI 2.13,14,45 :!38 o. S. Ander~on The Engli~h Hundred-Name;; :?ilH Whit~tonc Hill So 2.45 Winthill Wo 2.48 Whittlebury Np 1. 103 Wrington So 2.;)0 Wyndham Sx 3.83 Whittlesev Ca 1. 102 Wirfuldoune W 2.152 Wriuu:oldesu:ei So 2.51 Wirksworth (hd) Db 1. 34 Wyndrr:de die Do 2. 147 Whittlese\' Mere Hu 1.102 VVrockwardine Sa 1. 153 Wirksworth Db 1. 34. 35 Wyareae cross hd Np 1. 114, 3.191 WhittJesford (hd) Ca 1. 102 Wrosenhey Ess 1. 165 Wirra I hd Ch 1. 151 Wvton IIu 1.16 Whittlesford Bridge Ca 1. 102 n Wrosenhul Np 1. 165 Wyvols Court Brk 2.211 n Wisbech (hd) Ca 1. 108 Wrotham (hd) K 3.119 WhittIewood Np 1.103 E~s Whorlton Nb 2.152 Witbrictesherne hd 3.48. 124 Sa 1. 153 Witcham Ca 1.108 Yarborough wap Li 1. 21. 50, 3.119 WJlOrlton Y 2. 152 Wulfamere 3.174 Yarborough Camp Li 1. 50 Whorridge Fm Dv 2. 84 Witchford (hd) Ca 1. 108 Wulfereslaw hd Wo 1.141 Witchlev Heath Ru 1. 129 Yarburgh Li 1. 50 Whorwel~dowIl hd W 2. 151 Wulfhaia Np 1. 163 Witelni'hd Gl 2.16,17 Yardlev hd Bk 3.11,12,30 :·1 Wicesle hd Ru 1. 129 Wulfheye Db 1. 163 Yardlev Fm Bk 3. 13 , Witena lcage St 1. 157,3. 161 Wulfpytt Ha 2. 181, 3. XIII Wichestonestou hd Bd 3.20.170 Wi/entre Sr 1. 157 Yarlesire wap Y 1.7,3. 159 Wichlaw Sf 1. 83, 84, 3. 165 ' Wulfpette hd Ha 2. 181, 3. XII! lVitentreu hd Sa 1. 156,3.161 Yatton hd So 2.46 Wicstun hd Y 1. 16 VVye (hd) ]( 3.124,128,162 Yeovil hd So 2. 58 Wifold hd Brk 2.210 Witham hd Ess 3.43 VVyeford Pond Gl 2.5 F Witham Ess 3.44, 124 Yetminster hd Do 2.112 Wighton hd Nf 1. 67 n Wyfold 0 2.210 Yetminster Do 2.113 Witheridge (hd) Dv 2.79 Wyke Regis hd Do 2. 118 Wigmore hd He 1. XXI, 162, 163 Withington Gl 2.130 Yokefleet Y 1. 27. 2. VIII stan 3.187 Wyke(s) hd Sf 1. 84 Wihtbrordes Withmale Np 1.121 Y ounsmere hd Sx 3.91 Wilaveston hd Ch 1. 151 Wymersley hd Np 1. 123 Y san pyttan Ha 3. 69 n Wilford hd Sf 1. 92 Witlev Wo 2.17 WymersTey Bush Np 1.124 Witstan GI 2.14 Yxnerum Sw 3.5 If Wilford Nt 1. 92 Wyndham and Ewhur8t hd Sx 3.83 Wilford Bridge Sf 1. 92 The Wittantree Gl 2.28 I Willaston Ch 1. 151 Wittering (hd) Sx 3.73 I Wittery (Bridge) S.1 1. 156,3.161 ) Willey hd Bd 3.16,17 Witton Wo 1.16 [ Willev Sr 3.171 n Wiveli~combe hd So 2.63 ! Willherestrio K 3. 184 n Wf.velshirr: hd Co 3. 153 Willingdon (hd) Sx 3.95 Wiwarlest K 3.124 Williton and Freemanners hd So 2.71 Wixamtree hd Bd 3. 20, 170 Wixford hd Wa 1. 132 I Williton So 2.73 Woeer:s yeat Ha 3. 62 Willow Brook Np 1. 116 WfJdneslaw hd Bd 3.19.162 WilIybrook hd Np 1. 115 Woking hd Sr 3. 61 . Wimborne SI. Giles hd Do 2.131 Woking Sr 3.62 Wimundestrcu hd He 1. 167 Wokingham Brk 3.62 Winburgetrowe hd Wo 1.141. 2. 2 Wolfenden La 1. 163 Wincanton hd So 2.54 Woll/lersty Li 1. 62 Wincelcumbe scire Gl 2. 16 Wolphy hd He 1. 163 Winchcomb (hd) GI 2. 18 Wonfonl hd Dv 2.98 Windridge Hrt 3.46 Wonfard Dv 2.99.3.176 Windryae die W 2.147 Woodrroft (hd) Bd 3.24 Winfarthjn~ hd Nf 1. 80 n Woodhur8t Hu 1.10~ Winfrith hd Do 2.120 Woodrow W 2.153 Winfrith Newburgh Do 2.121 Woolton hd 0 2.225 Wingate Hili Y 1. 7, 3. 177 Wootton 0 2. 226 Wingham (hd) K 3.144 Worm Brook He 1. 169 Winkfield Brk 2.86 Wormelow hd He 1.169 Winkleigh Keynes (hd) Dv 2.85 Winnersh Brk 2. 203 Wormelow Tump lIe 1. 169,3.165 n. Worth hd K 3.136,181 Winnianton (hd) Co 3. 154 Wotesbroc Bk 3. 4 Winnibriggs and Threo wap Li 1. '58 Wotton (hd) Sr 3.64 Winnibriggs Li 1. 59 W ou:bincg Ha 1. 42 Winsford hd So 2.72 Wragby Li 1. 53 Winstree hd Ess 3.34,46 Wragby Y 1. 53 Winterborne Kingston hd Do 2. 124 Winterhead So 2.48 Wraggoe wap Li 1. 52 Winterstoke hd So 2.46,48 Wrangdike hd Ru 1. 129, 130 Winthill So 2.48 The Wrekin Sa 1. 153 Wren~ Nest Hill Wo 1. 165