. THE HUNDRED-N AMES OF THE SOUTH-EASTERN COUNTIES I I ii;li! :/1, I :1 ill~ I iidlill' , ;1·"I" , Buckinghamshire The most interesting feature of the history of the Buckinghamshire hundreds is the grouping together of the Domesday hundreds of the county in threes, so that the nine modern hundreds correspond to 18 Domesday hundreds. The amalgamation seems to date approximately from the middle of the 13th century, though the hundreds may have been grouped together in this way as early as Domesday Book (VHBk I. 226 and reference). The modern Buckingham hd contains the Domesday hds of Stodlald, Rovelai I' and Lam2la, Ashendon those of Vofesdune, Tichesela and Essedene, lil~ Aylesbury those of Stanes, Riseberg and Elesberie, Cottesloe those of ',''',1 '1 i Mursalai, Erlai and Coteslau, and Newport those of Moleslou, Sigela,i and :"11' Bonestou. The three hundreds of southern Buckinghamshire, Desborough, Burnham and Stoke, were also grouped together as 'the Chiltern Hundreds', but here each hundred retained its separate identity. The grouping of the hundreds in threes has a parallel in the Worcestershire and Warwickshire 'ship-sokes', on which see Engl. Hundr. Names XIX, PNWa XIX, H. M. Cam in Hist. Ess. in Honour of J. Tait, 14 f_ The north-western scarp of the ::,'. Chilterns forms a barrier betwecp the J1l.'~greds of the Vale of Aylesbury I!A. 1.T .'"1\ 'Cr.,,: .and the Chiltern hundreds, though, as 'noted by Davies (Home Counties Magazine 6. 143 f.), the hundreds immediately north of the Chilterns all extend for a varying distance south-east of the Chiltern escarpment, thus giving to each hundred a share of each kind of soil. In the north of the county the Ouse formed the division between Stodlald and Bonestou and Rowlai, Lamua, Sigelai and Moleslou, the former two hundreds being north, the latter four south of the Ouse, and Ashendon and Aylesbury hds are separated by the Thame. The old hundreds were on the whole regular and compact, though a few of them, such as Lamua, Moulsoe (the strip .E. of the Ouzel) and Burnham, are long and narrow. There are also some isolated portions belonging to various hundreds, the most interesting case being that of the old hd of Erlai, a, strip of which is cut off from its main area by the wedge of Hertfordshire which protrudes into the county near Aylesbury. The arrangement suggests that this portion of Hertfordshire may once have belonged to Erlai hd too (cf. also Davies, p. 136). Buckingham hd An amalgamation of the three Domesday hundreds of Stodlald, Rovelai and Lamua. Stodlald was N. of Buckingham and the Ouse in the extreme NW. of the county, containing the pars of Leekhampstead, Akeley, 2 O. S. Anderson The Enf(lish Hundred-Names Lillingstone Dayrell, Foscott, Maids Moreton. Radclive, Stowe, Water den, and half a mile W. of Lenborough. The meaning is 'rough Stratford, Shalstone. Westbury, Turweston and Biddlesden. Rovelai was hill' (OE rilh 'rough', 'knotty', 'uncultivated' and ltliiw 'hill', W. of Buckingham and S. of the Ouse, containing the pars of Tingewick, ~arton Hartshorn, Che~wode, :reston Bissett, HilIesden; Lenborough, 'mound'); cf. Roborough hd Dv, Rowbarrow hd Do, Roeberge hd 1 Gawcott and Bourton In Buckmgham (the latter two are referred to W, Brk. The Domesday form and two P forms show confusion Stodfald in 1316 FA, but w~re in Ruvelai in 1086, DB I. 144 a, 147 b); and, with OE leah 'clearing'. If the site is the one suggested above, dctached, Caversheld nr Blcester lin Buckingham hd till 1844) Thornton the meeting-place was in the eastern extremity of the hundred. (in Lamua hd in 1316 FA) and Beal,hampton nr Stony Stratfo~d. Lamua consisted of a narrow strip S. and E. of Buckingham, extending from Thornborough to Marsh Gibhon, further induding Padburv Adstock Lammra, Lammve, L(lIwva h1ind' 1086 DB, Lamue 1166 P, Mve Addington, Steeple Claydon, Twyford, Poundon, Charndon a~d Edgeott: 1227 Ass 54 m 19, la Ml/1lJe 1232 Fees, 1241, lIy3 Ass 55 m 17, 'l The first mention of the combined hd of Bnckingham is from 12M. 61 m 1, 1255 RH (La), 1303 FA, la Mue 1241, 1247 Fees, Mllta Stotald, Stodtald, Stodtalt hvnd' 1086 DB, Stottaldhr' 1175, Hy3, 1262 Ass 61 m 80., 58 m 23d, 26d, 1265 Mise, 1279 RH, Stodtoldhundredvm 1176, Stottaldlwlldredum 1179 P, Stodtold i'vlUl1:e 1262 Ass 58 m 30, Mutha 1276 RH, Lamuhe, la Muhe 1284 ~ 1227, 1274 Ass 54 ID 19,56 ID 3/(1, 1255 RH, Stodtold' 1232, 1262, FA, Mu€ 1303 SR 242/3, la Me1ve (sic) 1316, Moue 1346 FA. PNB~ Stodtald', Stottald 1241, Stottold 12H2 Ass 62 ID 20., 58 m 30, 26, Taken in (p. 51), to be identical with OE milga (milha, 55 m 17, 230., Stodtolde 1279 RH, n~03, 1346 FA, Stodta/de 1284, mi1.wa) 'a heap (of hay, corn)', 'a mow' (with the French article Stottolde 1316 FA: - OE stOdtald 'enclosure for a stud of horses'; prefixed '), used more generally of an artificial mound marking eL Stodfold hd Np, W. The site of the place according to Willis' the meeting-place; this is no doubt correct, though the occasional was in Lamport Ilr Stowe where there 'is a ground anciently known forms in -t(h)- (not noticed in PNBk), and the double -m- of by the name of Stock, or Stotield, which gave name to o~e of the Domesday, are remarkable. Probably, however, the former are three ancient Hundreds of this Division, now known by the name due to association with OE milfJa 'estuary' through popular ety­ I of Buckingham Hundred'. This is in the centre of the hundred, on mology.' Cf. .Mow Cop Ch (ODP). According to Lipscomb," Park fairly hi~h ~round, near the line of the Homan road from Bicester. Meadow in Steeple Claydon, on the east and north side of the church. and village, was 'traditionally reported' to be the spot R01Jelai hvnd' 1086 DB, Ruela1rahdr' 1175, Rueleahundredum from which Lamua hd was named and where its court was an­ (sic) 1177, Ruelehundredwn 1178 P, Ruelaue 1185 Rot Dom, Ruge­ ciently held. Steeple Claydon, which is central for the hundred, lawe 1227, Ro(u)lawe 1232, Ruglwlawe, Rv(e)lawe 1241, Ruelowe, stands on a hill, at the crossing of several roads and tracks. Rvghelowe 1247 Ass 54 m 1\), 62 m Id, 28, 55 m 17, 23, 24, 56 m 39, 47, Royloyhe, Roylohe, Royleyhe 1255 RH, Rw.celO1l'e. Rll1Ve­ iij ltundr' de Buk' 1255 RH, tria hundreda de Bockingham lawe 1262 Ass 58 m 260., 30, Rowelowe 1262 ib m 27, 1303 SR 1284, rria hundreda de Bukingham 1316 FA, the three hundreds 242/3, 1346 FA, Rolou.·e 1276 RH, Roulowe 1284, 1316, Rovwelaue ot Buckingham 1526 LP. 1:)03 FA. - As "hmvn in PNBk (58) this is (to Il:,em) Rugan hlau'e Nameu from BUCKINGHAM, on which see PNBk 60, XXXII, 949 (12) BCS 883, in the bound8 uf Chetwode and Hillesden. The ODP s. v. name still existed in 1755 as R()WLEY HILLS; 'certain grounds in Lenhorough Lordship, in the Parish of Buckingham' (Browne 1 The unusual development of /1 is probably also due to Norman Willis, p. 2); in PNBk it is suggested that it originally applied influence (cl. PNBk I. c.). to the well-marked hill half a mill' N. of Stocking Wood in Hilles- • Prof. Zachrisson's derivation (OE mfJfJe, ESt 62, 99), hardly accounts for the early forms, with their uniform u, regular absence of th, and frequent medial ·w. , Browne Willis, The History and Antiquities of the Town, Hundred 3 George Lipscomh, The History and Antiquities of the County of and Dpanery of Buckingham, London 1755, p. 280. Buckingham, Ill. 81. 4 O. S. Anderson The English Hundrell-Names Asbendon hd is a river-name, and the variation between e and 0 and the form S. of Buckingham and Buckingham hd, W. of Aylesbury on the Wiathes- may point to a base in eu, but it is difficult to find any Oxfordshire border, bounded on the south by the Thame. The district further connection. PNBk (138) and Ekwall (ODP) sugge"t a originally contained the three hundreds of Waddesdon. Ixhill and Ashendon, which were combined under one bailiff in 1255 (RH I. 24), and are spoken pn *Wot or *Wott, but this nnme is unexplained, and has no of as tria hundreda de Essedone (Asshendone) in 1284 and 1316 FA. certain parallels (cI. PNBk I. c. and note, also possibly Wotys­ Waddesdon hd consisted of two distinct portions. one including E. and berlle 1409 PNSx fi64 '); in that case the -e- would presuIlluhly Middle Claydon, Grandborough and Hogshaw (in Ashendon in 1316 FA), have to be explained as in Wednesday from OE Wi5dnesdlEg etc. and the other Waddesdon, Westcott, Pitchcott, Fleet Marston and (cf. ERN 4fiO). For the a of t.he modern form cf. Jordan § 272. Quarrendon. Ixhill hd occupiell the western portion of the district, N. of Thame, consisting of the pars of Brill, Long Crendon, Chilton, Dorton, Second el. OE dfin 'hill', probably referring to the hill just W. Shabbington, Ickford, Worminghall,' Oakley, Boarstall, and, detached. of the village. Kingsey (now in Oxfordshire), Towersey, lImeI', Aston Sandford and part of Dinton. E. of Thame. Ashendon hd originally included the rest of Tiehesela, Tiehessele, Tieheshele, Tiehesele hd' 1086 DB, Yxe­ the modern hundred only, containing the pars of Ashendon, Upper and leahdr' (sic; var. Yxehellehdr') 1175, Yrhellehulldredum (var. Exe­ Lower Winchendon, Chearsley, Wotton Underwood, LudgershalI, Grendon Underwood, Kingswood, Woodham, Quainton, N. Marston and Oving.