Models in Taoist Liturgical Texts. Typology, Transmission and Usage

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Models in Taoist Liturgical Texts. Typology, Transmission and Usage Models in Taoist liturgical texts. Typology, Transmission and Usage : a case study of the Guangcheng yizhi and the Guangcheng tradition in modern Sichuan Fu-Chen Chiang To cite this version: Fu-Chen Chiang. Models in Taoist liturgical texts. Typology, Transmission and Usage : a case study of the Guangcheng yizhi and the Guangcheng tradition in modern Sichuan. Religions. École pratique des hautes études - EPHE PARIS, 2016. English. NNT : 2016EPHE5001. tel-02101619 HAL Id: tel-02101619 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02101619 Submitted on 16 Apr 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Mention « Religions et systèmes de pensée » École doctorale de l’École Pratique des Hautes Études Groupe Sociétés, Religions, Laïcités (EPHE-CNRS) Models in Taoist liturgical texts: Typology, Transmission and Usage A case study of the Guangcheng yizhi and the Guangcheng tradition in modern Sichuan Par Fu-Chen CHIANG Thèse de doctorat d’études chinoises Sous la direction de : M. Vincent GOOSSAERT, EPHE Soutenue le 05. 01. 2016 Devant un jury composé de : M. Alain ARRAULT, DE, EFEO M. John LAGERWEY, DE émérite, EPHE M. Xun LIU, Professeur, Dept. Of History, Rutgers University M. Vincent GOOSSAERT, DE, EPHE Acknowledgement I am very honor to have such title, ritual of Guangcheng Yizhi, as the theme of my dissertation. The Taoist ritual text collection Guangcheng Yizhi is both rich in its literature and practice tradition. Thus it broadens my horizons lot. Firstly, I would like to give my sincere gratitude to my professor Vincent Goossaert. He is always positive and patient with my study, and gave me lots of guidance. I cannot finish this dissertation without his help. I am grateful for the comments and encourages from my defense committee members, professor Alain Arrault, Liu Xun and John Lagerwey. I would like to express my thanks to professors Chang Hsun, Lee Fong-Mao, Lai Chitim, Li Yuanguo, Zhang Zehong, Guo Wu and Gan Chaocheng, for gave me advices and information in many ways. To Taoists (mostly the Guangcheng Taoists, of course) whom taught me lots so generous and kindly. Volker Olles and Xu Fei interflowed their opinions and experiences in Sichuan. To my classmates Marc Lebranchu, Johan Rols and Wen Lingjun who helped me to translate the abstract into French. Thanks also to Chiang Ching-Kuo Foundation profoundly for this scholarship (DF003-U-12). Finally, I would like to express my gratitude to my parents for their support. They give me endless love and support to reach my goal. It is of great help for me to finish this thesis successfully. Contents Introduction 1 1 A Brief History of Taoism in Sichuan and the Publication of the Guangcheng Yizhi 8 1-1 A Brief History of Taoism in Modern Sichuan 8 1-2 A Brief Introduction to My Field and Main Informants 22 2 The Guangcheng Yizhi Collection 31 2-1 Editions of the Guangcheng Yizhi 31 2-2 Contents and Contours of the collection 41 2-3 Chen Fuhui: Editor and Corrector of Guangcheng Yizhi 47 2-4 Wenjian Ji 55 3 “Guangcheng Taoists” in Sichuan 65 3-1 Traditional Taoist classification 65 3-2 “Guangcheng Ritual” and “Guangcheng Taoists” 72 3-3 The Network of Guangcheng Taoists 74 3-4 Members of the AltarRitual labor and Training 81 4 The training of a Gaogong and the Basic structure of the ritual 86 4-1 Becoming a Gaogong 86 4-2 Two Special Secret Lineages of the Guangcheng tradition: “Xizhu Xinzong Lineage 西心” and “Lantai Lineage 蘭” 93 4-3 The Framework of Guangcheng Ritual 97 4-4 The Plain Rite 103 A Case Study: “Gongsi Zhutian 祀” 4-5 Gaogong: the Highest Authority in Ritual Performing and Arrangement 111 5 The Ritual Arrangement in Guangcheng Yizhi 116 5-1 Ritual Arrangement and its Classification 116 - i - 5-2 Setting a Ritual Rundown 122 5-3 Setting Process 128 Case Study: N Temple Accident 5-4 The Changeable Rundown 134 5-5 Modern Changes and Questions to Guangcheng Rituals 138 6 A Case Study: the Pay-back Ritua Past and Present 143 6-1 The Concept of “Pay-back” Ritual 143 6-2 Guangcheng Yizhi “Pay-back” Ritual Practice Nowadays 149 Case Study 1: A Shousheng Jiao of Guangcheng Ritual 6-3 Case Study 2: Considerations and Variations in Ritual Arrangement 160 6-4 The Ideal Form of Pay-Back Ritual (in Former Times) 164 Conclusion 170 Appendix 1: table of contents of Guangcheng Yizhi (Zangwai Daoshu edition) 174 Figures 191 Bibliography 195 - ii - Introduction Guangcheng Yizhi 儀 is a collection of Taoist liturgical texts that was written and compiled in Sichuan Province in the mid-Qing Dynasty. Nowadays, it contains over three hundreds texts, and some of them are still used by Sichuan Taoists for their ritual performances, in various contexts, from temple celebrations to funerals and offerings within the homes of laypeople. The compiler, Taoist Chen Fuhui陳慧 (1734-1802), included different liturgical traditions current in his time into the newly edited texts and into the collection; moreover, he also created a new practice style with local Taoist music, tunes, and wenjian to match the liturgical manuals. This practice tradition – which I here refer to as “Guangcheng rituals” and “Guangcheng tradition”, was soon accepted by Sichuan Taoists and gained the most popular and important position among Sichuan local ritual traditions. It took Chengdu city and its surroundings as its center, achieved dominant position in western Sichuan, and spread out to the whole Sichuan and other provinces. I have long been interested in Taoist ritual codification and written documents (wenjian). I chose to study the Guangcheng tradition because it offers an original perspective: here we have a living ritual tradition for which all the liturgical manuals, plus collections of model wenjian documents, have been codified into one collection and printed (a rather rare situation indeed for Taoist liturgy, outside the Taoist canon), and thus made widely available, during the modern period. My aim was thus not to pursue a focused study on one temple or family, or one ritual, as is often done in contemporary scholarship on Taoist ritual, but rather to understand the larger logic and operation of a local ritual tradition. How was this ritual tradition codified? And how do Taoists use it, balancing respect for the printed texts, and their own creativity? While exciting, this research question was also daunting, not only because of the vast amounts of liturgical texts involved, but also because there is very little secondary literature to rely on. Another local Sichuan ritual tradition, the Fayantan 法言壇, has been studied by Volker Olles and Xu Fei, providing many clues and stimulating ideas.1 The Guangcheng tradition has never been seriously studied as such. Li Yuanguo, with whom I have discussed my work, is in the process of writing on the topic, but it has not been published yet as I finish writing this dissertation. 1 Olles 2013, Xu Fei 2013. Introduction 1 More generally, even though Sichuan University has a major research center on Taoist studies, precious little work has been done on Sichuan Taoism in the modern and contemporary period.2 The Daozang Jiyao project and other work, notably by Mori Yuria, on the publications at the Erxian An, have helped me understand the context of the publication of the Guangcheng Yizhi during the early twentieth century.3 Structure of the dissertation There are two main parts in my dissertation. First, I devote two chapters to the history of Sichuan Taoism and the Guangcheng texts. I focus on local Taoist history from the Qing Dynasty, to the Republican era and the PRC period. I divide this time frame into three periods according to historical events, especially those related to the Guangcheng tradition. By following in parallel the larger course of local history and that of Taoism, we can see both the development of Guangcheng ritual in its loc al social context and, how Taoist activities were deeply influenced by political and social change. After laying out this historical context, I examine the Guangcheng Yizhi itself, its textual history and editions. I address some fundamental issues that have been so far ignored by scholars. First of all, as a huge text collection it has no final and decisive catalog left; as a result, we cannot be sure neither of its exact contents, nor of the total numbers of texts included. I obtained two copies and three catalogs of the Guangcheng Yizhi to compare their contents, and came to the conclusion that there were probably no final edition ever made, no matter in Chen Fuhui’s time or during the late Qing when this collection was woodblock-printed. Most Guangcheng Yizhi texts we can see today are from the “Erxian An kanben 菴刊” in late Qing Dynasty (the very source of the modern reprint in the Zangwai Daoshu collection, 1992-94). They had fixed wood-cutting style and copies are still printed out of these woodblocks nowadays. The other few extant Guangcheng Yizhi texts are small-scale sections of the larger collection, or individual texts. And among them, very few extant copies predate the Erxian An kanben. Generally speaking, the origins and early history of the Guangcheng Yizhi are not much documented; today, almost every Taoist use the edition from Erxian An.
Recommended publications
  • Hong Kong SAR
    China Data Supplement November 2006 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC 30 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership 37 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries 47 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations 50 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR 54 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR 61 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan 65 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Affairs Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 November 2006 The Main National Leadership of the PRC LIU Jen-Kai Abbreviations and Explanatory Notes CCP CC Chinese Communist Party Central Committee CCa Central Committee, alternate member CCm Central Committee, member CCSm Central Committee Secretariat, member PBa Politburo, alternate member PBm Politburo, member Cdr. Commander Chp. Chairperson CPPCC Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference CYL Communist Youth League Dep. P.C. Deputy Political Commissar Dir. Director exec. executive f female Gen.Man. General Manager Gen.Sec. General Secretary Hon.Chp. Honorary Chairperson H.V.-Chp. Honorary Vice-Chairperson MPC Municipal People’s Congress NPC National People’s Congress PCC Political Consultative Conference PLA People’s Liberation Army Pol.Com.
    [Show full text]
  • Christie's Hong Kong 30 November 2020
    24 November 2020 Preview Christie’s Hong Kong 30 November 2020 Important Chinese Ceramics and Works of Art Lots: 98. Low Estimate: HK$94m Imperial Glories from the Springfield Museum Collection Lots:12. Low Estimate: HK$23m The Chang Wei-Hwa Collection Lot 3001. An extremely rare and fine large Ding ‘lotus’ bowl, of Archaic Jades late Northern Song-early Jin dynasty, 11th-12th century, Lots: 75. Low Estimate: HK$14.23m 31.5cm diameter. HK$6-8m. Inspiring the Mind - Life of the Scholar Official Lots: 68. Low Estimate: HK$99m Total Lots: 253 Total Low Estimate: HK$230.47m Photographs © Christie’s. Christie’s assembles a really interesting group of pieces for their autumn sale in Hong Kong. William Cleverley Alexander With a relatively short and restricted sourcing period, Christie’s have (1840-1916) assembled a really fine group of pieces for their sales which begin viewing this coming weekend. One of the most significant lots of the season and of the sale of Important Chinese Art is lot 3001, is a magnificent and large Northern Song dynasty Ding ‘lotus’ basin. Its interior displays wonderfully free carving of a lotus flower and foliage. This combined with its thin, luminous ivory glaze, is the hallmark of the best Ding pieces. It has an illustrious history in that it was owned by the famous English Victorian/Edwardian collector William Cleverly Alexander (1840-1916). Exhibited at the Manchester Art Gallery Lot 3003. A fine and rare yangcai ‘poppy’ cup, exhibition of 1913, it has only appeared at auction once at Sotheby’s in Yongzheng mark and period, 9.1cm diameter.
    [Show full text]
  • Post-Wenchuan Earthquake Rural Reconstruction and Recovery in Sichuan China
    POST-WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE RURAL RECONSTRUCTION AND RECOVERY IN SICHUAN CHINA: MEMORY, CIVIC PARTICIPATION AND GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION by Haorui Wu B.Eng., Sichuan University, 2006 M.Eng., Sichuan University, 2009 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE AND POSTDOCTORAL STUDIES (Interdisciplinary Studies) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) September 2014 ©Haorui Wu, 2014 Abstract On May 12, 2008, an earthquake of a magnitude of 7.9 struck Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province, China, which affected 45.5 million people, causing over 15 million people to be evacuated from their homes and leaving more than five million homeless. From an interdisciplinary lens, interrogating the many interrelated elements of recovery, this dissertation examines the post-Wenchuan earthquake reconstruction and recovery. It explores questions about sense of home, civic participation and reconstruction primarily based on the phenomenon of the survivors of the Wenchuan Earthquake losing their sense of home after their post-disaster relocation and reconstruction. The following three aspects of the reconstruction are examined: 1) the influence of local residents’ previous memories of their original hometown on their relocation and the reconstruction of their social worlds and lives, 2) the civic participation that took place throughout the post-disaster reconstruction, 3) the government interventions overseeing and facilitating the entire post-disaster reconstruction. Based on fieldwork, archival and document research, memory workshops and walk-along interviews, a qualitative study was conducted with the aim of examining the earthquake survivors’ general memories of daily life and specific memories of utilizing space in their original hometown.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Current Chinese Affairs
    3/2006 Data Supplement PR China Hong Kong SAR Macau SAR Taiwan CHINA aktuell Journal of Current Chinese Affairs Data Supplement People’s Republic of China, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: Institute of Asian Affairs Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax:(040)4107945 Contributors: Uwe Kotzel Dr. Liu Jen-Kai Christine Reinking Dr. Günter Schucher Dr. Margot Schüller Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC LIU JEN-KAI 3 The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC LIU JEN-KAI 22 Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership LIU JEN-KAI 27 PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries LIU JEN-KAI 30 PRC Laws and Regulations LIU JEN-KAI 34 Hong Kong SAR Political Data LIU JEN-KAI 36 Macau SAR Political Data LIU JEN-KAI 39 Taiwan Political Data LIU JEN-KAI 41 Bibliography of Articles on the PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, and on Taiwan UWE KOTZEL / LIU JEN-KAI / CHRISTINE REINKING / GÜNTER SCHUCHER 43 CHINA aktuell Data Supplement - 3 - 3/2006 Dep.Dir.: CHINESE COMMUNIST Li Jianhua 03/07 PARTY Li Zhiyong 05/07 The Main National Ouyang Song 05/08 Shen Yueyue (f) CCa 03/01 Leadership of the Sun Xiaoqun 00/08 Wang Dongming 02/10 CCP CC General Secretary Zhang Bolin (exec.) 98/03 PRC Hu Jintao 02/11 Zhao Hongzhu (exec.) 00/10 Zhao Zongnai 00/10 Liu Jen-Kai POLITBURO Sec.-Gen.: Li Zhiyong 01/03 Standing Committee Members Propaganda (Publicity) Department Hu Jintao 92/10 Dir.: Liu Yunshan PBm CCSm 02/10 Huang Ju 02/11
    [Show full text]
  • The Festival of the Nine Emperor Gods in Malaysia: Myth,Ritual,And Symbol
    C heu H ock T ong National University of Singapore The Festival of the Nine Emperor Gods in Malaysia: Myth,Ritual,and Symbol Abstract The present paper describes and analyzes the Festival of the Nine Emperor Gods, a popular celebration among the Chinese in Malaysia. The origins of the myth of the Nine Emperor Gods may be traced back to the Nine Human Sovereigns of Chinese tradition, to the historical events of the Han and Ming dynasties, and to the circumstances of the Chinese immigration into Malaysia. The myth of the Nine Emperor Gods is enacted in a body of rituals, the significance of which is reflected in the symbolic representations of the gods. Myth, ritual, and symbol are thus ideologically interrelated to form a structural framework for the interaction of the yin-yang forces at different levels of the cosmic representations featured in the festival. The festival provides a venue for the yearly renewal of cosmic power, so that human life may be rejuvenated and human conflicts resolved. Key words: Nine Emperor Gods — festival— myth ——ritual— macrocosm 一 micro­ cosm — infracosm Asian Folklore Studies, Volume 55,1996: 49-72 1 H E Festival of the Nine Emperor Gods (Jiuhuangye 九皇爺)in 1 Malaysia is a form of temple fair celebrated only at temples dedicated to these gods. In a 1984 survey I found tmrty-nine such temples in Peninsular Malaysia and none in the states of Sabah and Sarawak. In 1990 the number in Peninsular Malaysia had increased to fifty. My latest surveys, in 1991 and 1992,revealed a further three temples in the West しoast Residency of Sabah (two in Kota Kinabalu and one in Labuan).1 The organization of the festival can be represented in the form of two large concentric circles.
    [Show full text]
  • Making the Palace Machine Work Palace Machine the Making
    11 ASIAN HISTORY Siebert, (eds) & Ko Chen Making the Machine Palace Work Edited by Martina Siebert, Kai Jun Chen, and Dorothy Ko Making the Palace Machine Work Mobilizing People, Objects, and Nature in the Qing Empire Making the Palace Machine Work Asian History The aim of the series is to offer a forum for writers of monographs and occasionally anthologies on Asian history. The series focuses on cultural and historical studies of politics and intellectual ideas and crosscuts the disciplines of history, political science, sociology and cultural studies. Series Editor Hans Hågerdal, Linnaeus University, Sweden Editorial Board Roger Greatrex, Lund University David Henley, Leiden University Ariel Lopez, University of the Philippines Angela Schottenhammer, University of Salzburg Deborah Sutton, Lancaster University Making the Palace Machine Work Mobilizing People, Objects, and Nature in the Qing Empire Edited by Martina Siebert, Kai Jun Chen, and Dorothy Ko Amsterdam University Press Cover illustration: Artful adaptation of a section of the 1750 Complete Map of Beijing of the Qianlong Era (Qianlong Beijing quantu 乾隆北京全圖) showing the Imperial Household Department by Martina Siebert based on the digital copy from the Digital Silk Road project (http://dsr.nii.ac.jp/toyobunko/II-11-D-802, vol. 8, leaf 7) Cover design: Coördesign, Leiden Lay-out: Crius Group, Hulshout isbn 978 94 6372 035 9 e-isbn 978 90 4855 322 8 (pdf) doi 10.5117/9789463720359 nur 692 Creative Commons License CC BY NC ND (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0) The authors / Amsterdam University Press B.V., Amsterdam 2021 Some rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, any part of this book may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise).
    [Show full text]
  • A Historical and Comparative Analysis of Incense and Moxibustion As Similar Agents of Edification and Self-Cultivation Hannah E
    Black & Gold Volume 3 Black & Gold Article 2 2017 Succor in Smoke: A Historical and Comparative Analysis of Incense and Moxibustion as Similar Agents of Edification and Self-Cultivation Hannah E. Matulek The College of Wooster Follow this and additional works at: https://openworks.wooster.edu/blackandgold Part of the Asian History Commons, Chinese Studies Commons, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine Commons, and the Other Religion Commons Recommended Citation Matulek, Hannah E. (2017) "Succor in Smoke: A Historical and Comparative Analysis of Incense and Moxibustion as Similar Agents of Edification and Self-Cultivation," Black & Gold: Vol. 3. Available at: https://openworks.wooster.edu/blackandgold/vol3/iss1/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Open Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Black & Gold by an authorized administrator of Open Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License. Matulek: Succor in Smoke: A Historical and Comparative Analysis of Incense Introduction Medicine in traditional China was a dynamic, widespread, and all-encompassing aspect of society that drew from other facets of civilization to gain information, define etiology, diagnose illness, and offer treatment options to the sick. In the earlier periods of Chinese history, disease was explained and treated through the concepts of dissatisfied ancestors and malicious demonic possession. Expressed in the oracle bones of the Shang and Early Zhou Dynasties, mortal ailments were attributed to and thought to be controlled by volatile external forces. The Chinese medical tradition would shift from these approaches in subsequent dynasties, however, largely due to the introduction of China’s three major religions—Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism.
    [Show full text]
  • The Daoist Tradition Also Available from Bloomsbury
    The Daoist Tradition Also available from Bloomsbury Chinese Religion, Xinzhong Yao and Yanxia Zhao Confucius: A Guide for the Perplexed, Yong Huang The Daoist Tradition An Introduction LOUIS KOMJATHY Bloomsbury Academic An imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc 50 Bedford Square 175 Fifth Avenue London New York WC1B 3DP NY 10010 UK USA www.bloomsbury.com First published 2013 © Louis Komjathy, 2013 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Louis Komjathy has asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as Author of this work. No responsibility for loss caused to any individual or organization acting on or refraining from action as a result of the material in this publication can be accepted by Bloomsbury Academic or the author. Permissions Cover: Kate Townsend Ch. 10: Chart 10: Livia Kohn Ch. 11: Chart 11: Harold Roth Ch. 13: Fig. 20: Michael Saso Ch. 15: Fig. 22: Wu’s Healing Art Ch. 16: Fig. 25: British Taoist Association British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN: 9781472508942 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Komjathy, Louis, 1971- The Daoist tradition : an introduction / Louis Komjathy. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4411-1669-7 (hardback) -- ISBN 978-1-4411-6873-3 (pbk.) -- ISBN 978-1-4411-9645-3 (epub) 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Research on Designing Intentions of Suzhou Style Chair in Ming Dynasty
    International Conference on Arts, Design and Contemporary Education (ICADCE 2016) Research on Designing Intentions of Suzhou Style Chair in Ming Dynasty Weishi Zheng Academy of Fine Arts South China Normal University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China 510631 Abstract—Suzhou style furniture in Ming dynasty has smooth lines, reasonable usage of material in structure and elegant and II. TEXTURE AND DECORATIVE MATERIAL OF SUZHOU graceful modeling. It obeys simple and plain design aesthetics STYLE CHAIR and conforms to the peculiarity of scholars pursuing spiritual freedom. As to Suzhou style chair, round-backed armchair, rose A. Texture chair, ancient folding chair and so on are the most typical Suzhou style furniture in Ming dynasty mainly uses modeling images of Suzhou style. They are also representation of rosewood, nagkassar, Xichi wood, padauk, annatto, beech, the unique literati temperament in Ming dynasty. This paper nanmu and so on as its material. For example, yellow pear in summarizes from material, decorative material, shape and structure and cultural connotation of Suzhou type chair, Hainan is also called “dalbergia odorifera”. According to analyzes difference between Suzhou type chairs in Ming dynasty standard in Redwood, it is defined as scented rosewood. Its and Qing dynasty, and enumerates foreign designed chairs under wood color is cinnamon and red brown. Its air-dry density is the influence of Suzhou style furniture in Ming dynasty. 0.82 to 0.94 g per cubic centimeters. It has high hardness and Through understanding peculiar cultural spirit contained in smooth section and it is suitable for making throne, official hat Suzhou style furniture of specific areas in specific periods, we chair, table, desk and other classic furniture.
    [Show full text]
  • A Conversation with Wu Jian'an, by John Tancock Yishu
    John Tancock A Conversation with Wu Jian’an John Tancock: Rather than write an essay on your development as an artist, I am going to ask you a series of questions so that you can speak for yourself. I hope we can clarify what you believe are the defining characteristics of your growth as an artist over the last decade. From looking at your biography, I know that you were born in Beijing in 1980 and graduated with a B.A. from the Beijing Institute of Broadcasting in 2002. I would like to know what happened in the first twenty-two years of your life to make you the artist that you are today. Could you please fill in that very large gap in our knowledge? Firstly, please tell me something about your family background and your interests as a child and teenager? Wu Jian’an: Thank you, John. My parents are from a background in the sciences; they are both mechanical engineers, and my father was outstanding in his field. They are both very clear thinkers and have a sincere belief in science. Even today, they still discuss mechanical engineering problems, many of which involve theoretical physics that I’ve never understood. Nevertheless, it has always fascinated me. Each time my father discusses these topics, he starts from simple phenomena that lead to abstract theory. I was always fascinated by simple things, precisely because I never thought such simple things could be queried, but when the discussion moved on to abstract theory, I was usually lost. Looking back, I was interested in a lot of things when I was young, but animals were always a major interest.
    [Show full text]
  • Taoism and Chinese Religion
    www.quirinpress.com @QuirinPress Quirin Press Release “It is largely thanks to [Maspero’s] pioneer work in the fields of Chinese religion, anthropology, linguistics and history that China’s contribution to the achievement of man could first be reviewed on terms of parity with those of other civilizations. “To the question whether his discoveries, opinions and interpretations have been outdated by the subsequent thirty years’ research, it may be answered that leading scholars still rely with the utmost confidence on his writings as a framework whose validity has outdated their most recent findings, and whose detail has in many cases not been bettered.” — Michael Loewe, University of Cambridge (from the sleeve notes to the original 1981 edition.) Taoism and Chinese Religion Revised Edition by Henri Maspero Translated by Frank A. Kierman, Jr. Price for pb & E-book: $ 96.56 USD | €74.00 EUR | £ 58.40 GBP | $ 99.99 AUD Publication date: Sep. 2014 Paperback (Sep. 2015 E-book) Size: xli + 689 pages | 6 x 9 in. / 234 x 156 mm. | 2.339 lb / 1060 gm Formats available: Perfect Bound (pb) & E-book Series: Quirin Pinyin Updated Editions (QPUE) ISBN 13: 978-1-922169-04-4 Paper | 978-1-922169-05-1 E-book (Sep 2015) … one of the greatest attractions of Maspero’s writings in this volume (and one that will endure even when our own researches eventually make us better informed than he was on every topic upon which he touched), is the invaluable picture disclosed to us of a mature sinologist remarkable for his broad erudition and penetrating insight confronting a field of research completely untouched by earlier scholars.
    [Show full text]
  • Daily Life for the Common People of China, 1850 to 1950
    Daily Life for the Common People of China, 1850 to 1950 Ronald Suleski - 978-90-04-36103-4 Downloaded from Brill.com04/05/2019 09:12:12AM via free access China Studies published for the institute for chinese studies, university of oxford Edited by Micah Muscolino (University of Oxford) volume 39 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/chs Ronald Suleski - 978-90-04-36103-4 Downloaded from Brill.com04/05/2019 09:12:12AM via free access Ronald Suleski - 978-90-04-36103-4 Downloaded from Brill.com04/05/2019 09:12:12AM via free access Ronald Suleski - 978-90-04-36103-4 Downloaded from Brill.com04/05/2019 09:12:12AM via free access Daily Life for the Common People of China, 1850 to 1950 Understanding Chaoben Culture By Ronald Suleski leiden | boston Ronald Suleski - 978-90-04-36103-4 Downloaded from Brill.com04/05/2019 09:12:12AM via free access This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the prevailing cc-by-nc License at the time of publication, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched. More information about the initiative can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org. Cover Image: Chaoben Covers. Photo by author. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Suleski, Ronald Stanley, author. Title: Daily life for the common people of China, 1850 to 1950 : understanding Chaoben culture / By Ronald Suleski.
    [Show full text]