November 20, 1981 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28631 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS AMEND INTERNAL REVENUE is associated in providing retirement 0974). We made these elections avail­ CODE benefits for its ministers and lay em­ able to employees of educational orga­ ployees and is, thus, entitled to classi­ nizations, hospitals, and home health fication as an integral and inseparable service agencies but completely ig­ HON. BARBER B. CONABLE, JR. part of the church. nored churches. We failed to realize OF NEW YORK Since 1958, the "exclusion allow­ that churches also use section 403(b) IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ance" in section 403(b)(2) has limited annuities extensively. We believe Friday, November 20, 1981 the amount that an employer can con­ church employees need the elections tribute to an annuity for an employee as much as those classes of employees e Mr. CONABLE. Mr. Speaker, with under this section without income tax who now use them. It would be unfair my distinguished colleague, JAMES C. consequences. That amount is the to lock out the very kinds of people WRIGHT, of Texas, I today reintroduce excess of ( 1) 20 percent of the employ­ the law was designed to protect. legislation to amend several provisions ee's includible compensation for the Few people are more poorly compen­ of the Internal Revenue Code that un­ year times the employee's years of sated than ministers and lay employ­ fairly deny reasonable retirement ben­ service with his or her employer over ees. A minister begins his career at a efits to the majority of clergymen and (2) the aggregate amounts contributed salary of only $5,000 to $10,000. Rarely lay employees of our Nation's church­ in prior years that have been excluded will his salary exceed $15,000, or es. Victims of an unfortunate over­ from income. Before the exclusion al­ $20,000-and then only at the end of sight in our tax laws, these church lowance, there were no limitations on his career. Lay employees generally servants are inexplicably ignored by contributions to section 403(b) annu­ earn even less. Missionaries also re­ Internal Revenue Code provisions that ities. The exclusion allowance was de­ ceive low salaries. permit reasonable contributions to the signed to prevent then-existing abuses A typical pension of a minister is retirement annuities of certain other by certain part-time employees. only $2,000 to $3,000 a year. Lay em­ categories of employees who histori­ Senate Report No. 1983, 85th Con­ ployees retire on less. These inad­ cally are also not well compensated. gress, 2d session 36 0958). The exclu­ equate pensions will continue if we do The bill corrects this omission by sion allowance was also designed to not amend the limitations we enacted granting ministers and lay employees permit larger-than-usual retirement in 1974. the same right of contribution to their annuity contributions late in the em­ Sections 403(b) and 415 create many retirement annuities now enjoyed by ployee's career to compensate for the problems for church employees. The these other classes of poorly compen­ years when contributions were low or compensation of many of them, par­ sate pensions. It represents a large not made at all. These are called ticularly foreign missionaries, is so low step toward assuring our ministers and "catchup" contributions. The capacity that even the exclusion allowance lay employess of adequate retirement to make catchup contributions is ex­ makes worthwhile contributions im­ allowances. We invite our colleagues to tremely important to persons who are possible. They spend their lives in the join with us in sponsoring this legisla­ poorly compensated. mission field and expect to retire in tion. In 1974, we added a further, and per­ the United States. But the combina­ Our ministers and lay employees haps unnecessary, limitation on contri­ tion of the exclusion allowance based depend heavily on annuities described butions to section 403(b) annuities by on compensation and the high cost of in section 403(b) of the Code for their enacting section 415. We arbitrarily living here makes retirement very dif­ retirement benefits. Our churches be­ classified section 403(b) annuities as ficult for these persons. lieve such annuity programs are per­ defined contribution plans, whether or Second, because ministers and lay fect retirement systems. Most denomi­ not they fit that description, and re­ employees are so poorly compensated, nations have used them for decades­ quired that contributions be no great­ catchup contributions are vital if they some for over a century. They are er than the limits under section are to be assured adequate retirement completely portable and let church 415(c)0). This further limitation on benefits. But the 25-percent limitation workers move freely within their de­ employer contributions to section renders adequate catchup contribu­ nominations without losing retirement 403(b) annuities is the lesser of $25,000 tions impossible. During the first years benefits. (adjusted by the increases in the cost of a minister's career, contributions Some of the section 403(b) annuity of living) or 25 percent of the partici­ may be a function of salary and, hence arrangements of the churches are de­ pant's compensation. When we im­ be very small. The minister may be fined contribution programs, while posed those limitations, we realized employed by a new or struggling others are defined programs. Section that the 25-percent-of-compensation church or church agency that cannot 403(b) imposes no requirement that limitation would seriously hinder the afford any plan contributions. Under the arrangement be of either kind. ability of poorly compensated employ­ section 403(b), the minister may take a Most churches do not purchase retire­ ees to make catchup contributions. So reduction in salary to permit his em­ ment annuities from insurance compa­ we devised in section 415(c)(4) certain ployer to purchase annuity benefits. nies. They administer and fund their elections a participant could make to But salary reduction is usually imprac­ own annuity programs. Some denomi­ override the 25-percent ceiling, except tical because for many years he will nations fund their retirement annu­ in the instance of the "(C)" election in need every penny he earns to feed and ities internally. But most have formed section 415(c)(4), which substitutes clothe his family, and educate his chil­ organizations called pension boards to the $25,000-25-percent limitation for dren. When a minister has reached administer and fund their annuity the exclusion allowance. The elections age 50 or so, his compensation may in­ programs. These pension boards are permit relatively high contributions crease enough for him to purchase ad­ usually separately incorporated to pro­ late in the career of an employee who ditional annuity benefits. Only then tect pension assets. Whether the pro­ typically has a pattern of low contri­ may his personal and family expenses vider of pension benefits is separately butions in the early stages of his have declined enough for him to use incorporated or not, it fulfills the career. Joint Conference Report No. part of his salary to supplement his re­ functions of the church with which it 93-1280, 93d Congress, 2d session 345 tirement annuity. A minister's church

e This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor.

79-059 0-85-5 (Pt. 22) 28632 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 20, 1981 may also recognize that he is about to annual additions to a participant's ac­ ance and subsequent legislation is in retire with a poor retirement income count occur in the year to which a no way circumvented. The term and, with help from the congregation, contribution is attributed, rather than "agency" of a church is defined in this may contribute more funds to raise his lumped in the year in which the annu­ legislation by reference to that term in annuity to an acceptable level. But be­ ity contract becomes nonforfeitable. section 414(e)(3)(B)(ii) and means an cause the 25-percent limitation of sec­ Similar treatment seems appropriate exempt organization either controlled tion 415(c)(l) is based on an extremely in the case of a section 403(b) annuity. by or associated with a church or a low salary, it frustrates any effort, by However, in the case of a section convention or association of churches. salary reduction or otherwise, to en­ 403(b) annuity, it is not clear whether Our legislation also would treat the hance the minister's retirement bene­ the same rule would apply. It would be fits meaningfully. We consider unfair unfortunate if several years of contri­ service of a minister or lay employee any rule that denies ministers and lay butions were deemed made in the year with any church or church agency of a church employees a chance to build the annuity became nonforfeitable be­ religious denomination as service with reasonable retirement benefits. cause of the likelihood the section a single employer for purposes of com­ A third problem is that the "years­ 415(c)(l) limitations would be exceed­ puting the exclusion allowance. All of-service" factor of the exclusion al­ ed. years of service of a minister or lay lowance is limited to years of service It is also unclear whether partic­ employee for a church or a church with the employee's present employer. pants in such plans would have the agency, both of which must be de­ In computing the exclusion allowance right to the elections in section scribed in section 50lpoverty guideline calculat­ with retirement benefits based on and lay employees move frequently ed yearly by the Office of Manage­ years of service with the denomination from one church to another within ment and Budget for an average rather than with the present employ­ their denomination or among agencies family size. This provision insures that er. This rule will make sure the em­ of the denomination during their ca­ a minimum exclusion allowance will be ployees of all the denominations of reers. In some denominations, a minis­ available for a church employee even this country are treated equally in ter or lay employee will change em­ though his actual includable compen­ connection with the years-of-service ployment every 3 to 5 years. In com­ sation does not produce one under the factor. puting the exclusion allowance, a min­ present formula. This legislation also expresses in the ister or lay employee of a congrega­ Our legislation corrects the inequity statute the longstanding position tional denomination is, thus, given no of the 25-percent limitation by extend­ under current law that section 403(b) credit for past service with other em­ ing the right to make the elections in annuity contracts may be provided by ployers in the denomination. For any section 415(c)(4) to employees of such employee with frequent job church denominations and their agen­ a church or a convention or associa­ changes, this rule severely reduces the cies. We believe these persons should tion of churches, whether the annuity exclusion allowance and the ability to have the same right to make the elec­ contract is provided internally by the make catchup contributions. tions as employees of educational or­ church or by a separately incorporat­ A fourth problem is an emerging ganizations, hospitals, and home ed entity such as a pension board. A policy in the Internal Revenue Service health service agencies. This legisla­ pension board means an organization that only licensed insurance compa­ tion also provides a de m1mm1s described in section 414(e)(3)(A). That nies may provide annuity contracts de­ amount of $10,000, which may be con­ is an organization, the principal pur­ scribed in section 403(b). No provision tributed without having to consider pose or function of which is the ad­ in section 403(b) limits the provider of either the 25-percent limitation or the ministration or funding of a plan or annuity contracts described in that section 415(c)(4) elections. This de program for the provision of retire­ section to licensed insurance compa­ minimis amount is parallel to the de ment or welfare benefits for the em­ nies. The Service has agreed with this minimis amount for defined benefit ployees of a church if such organiza­ conclusion in published revenue rul­ plans in section 415(b)(4). Like other tion is controlled by or associated with ings and private letter rulings to limiting figures in section 415, it is such church. church denominations. Yet a growing subject to adjustment for increases in This legislation provides that annual judgment in the Service contends that the cost of living commencing with the additions to a forfeitable section churches and church pension boards calendar quarter beginning October 1, 403(b) annuity are, for purposes of the should not be permitted to provide 1974. The de minimis amount will section 415 limitations, treated like section 403(b) annuity contracts as have a simplifying effect on the Code annual additions to a nonforfeitable they have for many years. We see no because the elections are difficult to annuity. Annual additions are, thus, reason in logic or equity for denying understand and administer. It is in­ deemed made for the year to which churches the right to provide section tended that all limitations provided in they are attributed, rather than 403(b) annuities for their workers. section 415(c), including the de mini­ lumped in the year the annuity con­ A fifth problem is technical. Like mis amount, be subject to the further tract becomes nonforfeitable. This many secular plans, some church limitations of section 403(b)(2). Thus, rule is in keeping with that regarding plans condition the nonforfeitability under this bill an employee could not contributions to qualified defined con­ of rights on a factor such as continued make a "(C)" election under section tribution plans before a participant's service for a period of time. Nonethe­ 415(c)(4)-which substitutes the rights are fully nonforfeitable. This less, contributions are made to the $25,000-25-percent limitation for the legislation also insures participants in plan on behalf of the participants exclusion allowance-and be permitted a forfeitable section 403 annuity of during the period of forfeitability. In a contribution of the de minimis the right to make the special elections the case of a qualified annuity plan, it amount. Accordingly, the 1958 legisla­ and the de minimis contribution is clear in section 415(c)(l) that tion establishing the exclusion allow- amount. November 20, 1981 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28633 Finally, we make it clear that con­ said that she taught them how to of individuals such as Vladimir Tsu­ structive receipt is not to apply to sec­ work, how to study, and always en­ kerman.e tion 403(b) annuities by conforming couraged them to keep trying because section 403(c) to changes in section the sky's the limit if you try hard 402< 1) recently made by the Eco­ enough. DUTY-FREE TREATMENT FOR nomic Recovery Tax Act of 1981. By One by one, all three brothers IMPORTS removing the words "or made avail­ moved to Chicago. In 1961, on the able" in section 403(c), we eliminate south side of Chicago a medical clinic HON. WILLIAM R. RATCHFORD the unnecessary constructive receipt was opened which now is staffed by 62 OF CONNECTICUT problems caused by them. people. The person who guided its con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. Speaker, we hope our colleagues ception was Clara Williams. But the Friday, November 20, 1981 will support this bill.e Williams Clinic is more than just the symbol of a mother's influence on her e Mr. RATCHFORD. Mr. Speaker, today I have introduced legislation to THANKSGIVING: A TIME TO CEL­ children. The legacy she established continues on with her grandchildren provide duty-free treatment for im­ EBRATE THE SPIRIT OF AMER­ ports of casein button blanks. It is es­ ICA and a new generation-Jasper Wil­ liams, Jr., and Charles Williams, Jr.­ sential that this House take such both in medical school. action to eliminate a gross inequity for HON. JERRY LEWIS As for Clara, she received an honor­ U.S. producers of casein buttons that OF CALIFORNIA ary doctorate degree from her alma has resulted in extensive layoffs and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mater, New Mexico State University. financial hardship for the very few Friday, November 20, 1981 And, at last a ceremony to go with it, American manufacturers that remain. e Mr. LEWIS. Mr. Speaker and my one she did not have when she grad­ Because there has been no domestic colleagues, I have never before placed uated back in 1937. production of casein button blanks in a column from my office in the Although this story was originally this country since 1979, American pro­ RECORD but the following is the inspi­ aired on the NBC Today Show for ducers of finished casein buttons have ration of my press director, Sue Mothers Day, it is also a story of what been forced to import casein button Turbes, and I believe it may be of spe­ has made America the greatest coun­ blanks primarily from three nations: cial interest to my colleagues as we try in the world-the spirit of our Holland, Germany, and Italy. Finished share Thanksgiving. people. The promise of opportunity casein buttons are then produced by A few months ago the President ad­ continues to exist today and individ­ machining, drilling, and finishing the dressed the Nation to give us a uals like Clara Williams continue to imported blanks. Three northeastern progress report on his four-part plan achieve the American dream. That firms, which account for roughly 95 for the economy. At the end of his indeed, is something for which we, as a percent of the total annual domestic speech he spoke about the spirit of Nation, should be thankful.• production of casein buttons from im­ America and a people that has devel­ ported casein blanks, are experiencing oped a proud tradition of generosity a tremendous competitive disadvan­ THE PLIGHT OF VLADIMIR tage with firms that only import fin­ and courage. He said: TSUKERMAN I believe the spirit of volunteerism still ished casein buttons or garments with lives in America. We see examples of it on finished casein buttons since the cur­ every hand-the community charity drive, HON. FLOYD J. FITHIAN rent most-favored-nation Houston, there's a vacuum Subcommittee on this bill, and would awards for financial and moral support of of women involved in anything but auxilia­ welcome the support of my colleagues the coalition. ries." in this important matter.e STARTED 11 YEARS AGO "The feminist movement hasn't hit black The organization had its genesis in a small women in Texas," in part, she speculated, band of women meeting in one another's "because there is still the black-white prob­ COALITION OF BLACK WOMEN homes 11 years ago to address a multitude lem, that keeps women intent on helping GOES NATIONAL of troublesome issues. They chose their their men. They don't realize that you can name because they hoped one day to have both act. It's dumb to say that adult women 100 members. The tributes to the group, should have role models but that's exactly HON. SHIRLEY CHISHOLM which now has 825 members in New York, what we need." OF NEW YORK were voluminous and enthusiastic. Delia Young, who heads her own public IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES As David Dinkins, New York City Clerk relations firm in Kansas City, Mo., said, "At last we will be structured for action. Until Friday, November 20, 1981 and a candidate for Manhattan Borough President, put it: "Influence is power, and now we've had nothing. It's fine to have e Mrs. CHISHOLM. Mr. Speaker, I they clearly have it. Individually these prophets; we have an abundance of those, am pleased to introduce the Coalition women are influential in government and but we need architects, too." of 100 Black Women, a new national business positions, so they are persuasive in In the view of Yvonne Brathwaite Burke, organization, that has existed locally the larger sphere." a former United States Representative from And now that their boundaries extend to California, who is now a partner in a law for 11 years. Originating in New York, California, Representative Rangel said, firm and was elected to the coalition's na­ the group presently has 825 members "There is no question that this organization tional board, the architects must turn their in 14 States and the District of Colum­ will have a national voice. They have attention to economic advancement. "We bia. The coalition's objectives are to be become a collective force of women who did are seeing black women move into political a collective group focusing on the not know each other in the past." power," she said, "but they're missing in the needs of black women and to be a vehi­ Besides throwing a jubilant party and corporate world. With all the outstanding cle of communication for black holding a luncheon serious with talk of the black women, we simply don't have them in women. The Coalition of 100 Black goals of black women, the more than 40 high places in private industry." women-lawyers, judges, educators, legisla­ In fact, she continued, "Economic power Women will have a national voice and tors, heads of corporations, social psycholo­ has become even more elusive than it was 20 will address a multitude of issues gists and community activists-from a varie­ years ago for all blacks. For example, when facing black women. Some of the most ty of geographical areas rewrote and rati­ white insurance companies wouldn't insure troublesome issues to be addressed are fied a constitution, composed a resolution blacks, they formed their own companies, the Federal budget cuts, lack of hous­ stating their mission and elected officers but when the white companies did, the ing, child care, unemployment, and and a board. black ones lost strength. Meanwhile the transportation, along with persistent Emphasizing that the women fully recog­ white companies haven't brought us in with racism. nized the achievements of other black orga­ any impact." nizations, Mrs. McCabe explained the need The possibility that budget cutbacks and This Nation, in representing all of for the national coalition. "Our biggest Federal policies easing antidiscriminatory its people, is now privileged to hear problem is that we have no forum; no one regulations would indisputably affect the concerns from a national organization speaks specifically on our behalf. The black community was so taken for granted which represents black women. The women's movement defines itself by its that it was rarely discussed at the meeting. Coalition of 100 Black Women is in a achievers; why are we defined as domestic But Mrs. Burke did attack the Reagan Ad­ position to give our Nation guidance in workers?" ministration strongly in her luncheon ad­ enhancing the rights of all of its citi­ In fact, when the representatives from dress Saturday. zens. We welcome their input. I have each of the states joining the coalition were Still the event ended in an optimistic enclosed a recent New York Times ar­ asked at a discussion to describe the most mood that may be typical of the beginning pressing problems for women in their states, of a mission in which strangers become ticle on the coalition for my col­ they cited unemployment, Federal budget allies. Evelyn Cunningham, who was direc­ leagues' review. cuts, lack of housing, transportation and tor of the women's unit in the office of Gov. [From the New York Times, Oct. 26, 1981] child care, along with persistent racism. But Nelson A. Rockefeller and is now senior COALITION OF BLACK WOMEN GOES NATIONAL threaded through the problems specific to editor of Elan, a monthly magazine that will particular regions was a sense that black Barber Conable CR, tated. Third quarter losses for the move hog wild." This is in light of the N.Y.) put before the House Ways and auto industry totaled $970 million, in­ fact that the social security program Means Committee day before yesterday. cluding a $468 million loss by General The central feature is to begin in 1990 to has been operating in the red since raise gradually the retirement age from 65 Motors. The Congressional Research 1975 and continues to lose $12,000 to 67, offer workers inducements to stay em­ Service has estimated that a 3-percent every single minute. Furthermore, ployed after that and reduce slightly future rise in the average financing rate is as­ recent information from the social se­ benefits. These changes would provide an sociated with a decline in sales of 1 curity actuaries shows that with inter­ estimated average of $20 billion annually million units. The average financing fund borrowing the medicare fund will for the retirement fund for the next 75 rate is currently 17.4 percent and be exhausted as early as the end of years. there is no end in sight to the auto 1983. That is the sort of medicine a patient like sales slump. Presently there are A November 5 Washington Post arti­ Social Security needs. It won't taste too bad and it will restore health. It would cause 170,000 autoworkers on indefinite cle on the Ways and Means Commit­ present and future retirees nothing like the layoff. In housing, it has been estimat­ tee action suggested that the Speaker abrupt distress the Reagan proposals earlier ed that each 1 percent rise in the in­ was determined to prohibit any House this year would have caused. It would cause terest rate has placed 860,000 families consideration of a comprehensive almost no distress, in fact. But 18 of the 21 out of the market for a medium-priced 28636 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 20, 1981 home. Housing starts for single-family souri. He and his boys rented a beat cally to attack discrimination through homes dropped to a historic low in Oc­ up · old country club and, in time, the adherence to and enforcement of tober, while total housing starts turned it into their ranch-a refuge current civil rights policy. We have a dropped to a 15-year low. The official for homeless children. Today, there voting rights law and affirmative unemployment rate in the construc­ are four ranches, giving a homelife to action regulations, which have benefit­ tion industry is now 16.3 percent. Cur­ over 100 youngsters. ed countless numbers of minorities rent monetary policy has, in large All of us can learn from the perse­ and women, because the Federal Gov­ part, created the crisis in the automo­ verance of Tom Butterfield, the en­ ernment responded with more than a bile, housing, and small business couragement of those who helped him bromide to genuine violations of con­ sector. build his dream every day, and the stitutional rights. Past administrations Monetary policy should be in the generosity of the town of Marshall. It domain of elected representatives be­ is a privilege for me to represent this and Supreme Court decisions have de­ cause it determines, to a great extent, man and this community in Congress. termined that when fundamental the state of our economy. Citizens are "The Children Nobody Wanted," is rights are violated, appropriate reme­ demanding accountability and respon­ to be televised December 5, at 9 p.m. dies must be engaged, including such sibility for the policies which affect eastern standard time, on CBS.e measures as affirmative action and the them. It is timely for Congress to par­ busing of schoolchildren. ticipate fully in monetary, as well as As the Civil Rights Commission's fiscal, policy. SUPPORT THE U.S. COMMISSION Chairman, Arthur S. Flemming, stated This legislation will accomplish the ON CIVIL RIGHTS at recent hearings: following goals: First, coordinate and Discrimination is a self-sustaining process integrate monetary, fiscal, and budget HON. ANTHONY TOBY MOFFETT that will persist even in the absence of in­ policy through the budget resolutions; OF CONNECTICUTT tentionally discriminatory conduct unless second, render Congress responsible IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES systematically attacked. Discrimination is for monetary as well as fiscal policy, Friday, November 20, 1981 more than just individual prejudice. Al­ along with the President and the Gov­ though discrimination is maintained by in­ ernors of the Federal Reserve Board, e Mr. MOFFETT. Mr. Speaker, I rise dividual actions, neither individual preju­ and provide Congress with powers to to draw my colleagues' attention to a dices nor random chance can fully explain review and veto major changes in mon­ bit of unfinished business, before w.e the persistence of national patterns of in­ etary policy; third, require that the adjourn for the Thanksgiving vaca­ equality. Federal Reserve Board seek appropria­ tion. Hopefully, we will be considering The remedies which have been im­ tions from Congress; fourth, require the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights plemented to fight these patterns of the Federal Reserve Board to furnish authorization when we return. With inequality must be maintained, for Congress with the data it employs to the myriad executive actions to water without them, we will allow the Gov­ make policy and report semiannually down civil rights enforcement, I think ernment's beacon of protection to dim. on the economic impacts of monetary it very important that we demonstrate And, we are not yet out of the dark of policies by sector and in the aggregate; strong support for the Commission social injustice. fifth, reduce the tenures of Governors and its efforts on behalf of basic human rights. Opponents of renewal or continu­ of the Federal Reserve Board to 5 ance of current civil rights policy years and make the term of Chairman The Commission serves as our con­ science when we assess the state of point at statistics of progress on the more coterminous with the Presiden­ parts of women and minorities in areas tial term; sixth, require a full and com­ civil rights in this country. If there was ever a time in recent history when where they had been previously disen­ plete audit of the Federal Reserve franchised. The gains in such areas as Board and Open Market Committee such a conscience was needed, it is by the General Accounting Office.e today. Voting rights, affirmative employment, education, and political action, access for the handicapped, participation are remarkable, certain­ and other fundamental civil rights ly. But we cannot let up now. THE CHILDREN NOBODY policies are currently under review by The poet Paul Laurence Dunbar WANTED Congress and the administration. We stated, over 80 years ago, that black need to continue to hear from our con­ life in America is a promise and not a HON. IKE SKELTON science-the Commission-so that our fulfillment. We still have an unful­ oF MISSOURI pursuit of social justice remains unim- filled social agenda for minority and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES peded. I urge, therefore, that you all women's rights from which we cannot join me in strong support for the U.S. back away. The short time that we Friday, November 20, 1981 Commission on Civil Rights. have had a civil rights legislation on • Mr. SKELTON. Mr. Speaker, last There is a growing concern across the books is dwarfed by the centuries night, my wife, Susie, and I had the the land that the Federal Government during which this Nation suffered privilege of hosting the premiere of a is about to bring the wheels of legal bondage and legally sanctioned new television movie, "The Children progress on civil rights to a screeching prejudice. Today, we must do more Nobody Wanted." This is a true story halt. The administration is reviewing than give lip service to the concept of about one young man and the children vital civil rights regulations and revis­ civil rights for all Americans. We must he helped. As a freshman attending ing vital civil rights laws. Many fear Missouri Valley College in Marshall, that it will be reneging on the Govern­ demonstrate our commitment to that Mo., Tom Butterfield discovered the ment's promise to act as guarantor of concept by maintaining the teeth in probleins of fosterlings, who have no- these vitally precious rights. The issue civil rights law, regulation, and en­ where to go, and for whom the law of a color blind Constitution has been forcement. makes few, if any, provisions. Boy by raised as a guiding spirit for insuring We were recently given the opportu­ boy, he made a life for these homeless these rights. This would be an ideal so­ nity to show that commitment by youngsters. Led only by his heart and lution, but it is woefully misguided. overwhelmingly approving the Voting an idea that he could help, Tom · The realities of this world require a Rights Act reauthorization. Let us fought increasing odds, from the lack more aggressive response to centuries again display our support for social of money to outdated laws. Tom But- of discrimination. equality by approving, without weak­ terfield became the first bachelor and We must see that the Government ening amendments, the U.S. Commis­ the youngest single adult to become a retains its efforts as watchdog and sion on Civil Rights authorization now legal foster parent in the State of Mis- protector, that it continues systemati- before us.e November 20, 1981 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28637 PARRIS INTRODUCES duced next March. The notice, accord- The Ukrainian Association of Mary- W ASHINGTON COMMEMORATIVE ing to the agi·eement, is to read as fol- land, Inc., led by Paul Fenchak, is now lows: approaching its 10th year of existence. HON. STAN PARRIS This is to inform you that as a result of Other outstanding accomplishments OF VIRGINIA the elimination of the minimum benefit; of this organization include persuad­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES your benefit may be reduced to some degree ing the Maryland Bicentennial Com­ beginning with your April check. To deter- mission to place ethnic activities on Friday, November 20, 1981 mine the extent of the reduction, if any, their agenda and, in concert with the and your possible eligibility for 881 and Polish Heritage Association of Mary­ e Mr. PARRIS. Mr. Speaker, today I other assistance programs you may contact am introducing legislation which pro­ your local social security office. land, working to bring to Maryland claims February 22, 1982, a national Now I am told the Social Security three Slavic Conferences in which day of celebration in honor of the Administration does not intend to dozens of recognized scholars of vari­ 250th anniversary of George Washing­ send out these notices at all in Decem- ous disciplines and heritages partici- ton's birth. George Washington was ber. pated. one of America's greatest leaders and If we had some confidence of I know that you will join me in ap- who indeed set this Nation on a course prompt action, that might be a plauding and supporting this associa­ of political stability unrivaled in the humane and rational decision. But tion and others similar to it, in their history of civilization. Each American, given the attitude of the Senate in efforts to bring greater awareness of in fact, looks to this great Virginian as this conference, I do not have that ethnic contributions to this richly di- "the father of our country." confidence. verse country·• In 1932, the U.S. Commission on the Meanwhile, every old person receiv- Bicentennial for George Washington's ing a small social security check who AVERELL HARRIMAN birthday commemorated Washington's has heard a newscast, read a newspa­ 200th birthday by a national celebra­ per. or talked to a friend knows the tion. The Mount Vernon Citizen's As­ minimum benefit was supposed to be HON. WILLIAM J. HUGHES sociation has observed Washington's eliminated by the Reconciliation Act. OF NEW JERSEY birthday by sponsoring a ball in his Now they are left in limbo. They IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES honor for each of the past 35 years have no notice-and they have no · and every year the city of Alexandria action. How long will this go on? Thursday, November 12, 1981 recognizes his birthday by parades and Again and again I have said to this • Mr. HUGHES. Mr. Speaker, it gives various celebrations. Congress, the worst thing we can do in me great pleasure to pay tribute to a Senator WARNER and Senator BYRD social security is do nothing. Here is partriotic American and a champion of are jointly introducing an identical one more example of that fact. No civ­ constitutional government, former resolution today in the Senate and I ilization ought to subject its elderly Governor Averell Harriman, He has am being joined by the entire Virginia and near elderly to the uncertainty served and advised American Presi­ delegation in the House in sponsoring that we have inflicted on ours by inac­ dents for nearly half a century. I can this legislation. tion in this vital area. What a thank­ say unequivocally that I know of no I urge my colleagues to join us in less Thanksgiving and a cheerless other American who has served the supporting this resolution so that we Christmas our elderly must look for­ Republic with more patriotism, can insure a proper birthday com­ ward to because we do nothing.e wisdom, and honor. The Governor is memoration throughout this Nation indeed an exemplar of courageous for this great man.e THE UKRAINIAN ASSOCIATION public service based on honest convic­ OF MARYLAND, INC. tions. Personal experience has taught MINIMUM BENEFIT him the futility of war, but also the CONFERENCE urgency and wisdom of being constant­ HON. BARBARA A. MIKULSKI ly prepared for war so that it can be HON. J. J. PICKLE OF MARYLAND prevented. He knows that our strength IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and the maintenance of peace go hand OF TEXAS Tuesday, November 17, 1981 and glove together. Over the years, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES e Ms. MIKULSKI. Mr. Speaker, I am the Governor has made a tremendous Friday, November 20, 1981 pleased to take this opportunity to say contribution to the welfare and securi­ e Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, the a few words about a dedicated group ty of our great country. President, the House and the Senate of people and a book they have writ­ The Governor is a fine statesman, a have all gone on record in favor of re­ ten which I feel deserves recognition. man of singular characteristics-great storing the minimum social security The book is "The Ukrainians of Mary­ ability, independent mind, and deep benefit, at least to some degree. land" and the group is the Ukrainian convictions-whose talents have been But the fact is that this benefit has Association of Maryland, Inc. Long prized by American Presidents for not been restored. The law is that this hours of planning, fundraising, and nearly 50 years. benefit be eliminated for new recipi­ writing went into this entirely volun­ He has served his country well ents right now, and for current recipi­ tary effort and the result is a signifi­ during his tenure as a State and Fed­ ents next April. cant contribution to the pluralistic eral official. He has worked tirelessly Furthermore, as of today we have heritage of our Nation. and continues to do so, and now works not made progress toward restoring As a second generation Polish Amer­ even harder toward a strong democra­ this benefit. The Senate has been slow ican, I feel that books such as these cy and free America. to call meetings of the Conference are especially valuable to aid us in un­ I feel honored to be able to state Committee and has insisted on replac­ derstanding the sociology of ethnic that the Governor is my personal ing this one misbegotten benefit cut groups' experiences in this society. friend. He is a dedicated public servant with another. This informative book broadens our and a sincere man of strong character, Meanwhile, the law stays in effect knowledge of the contributions of mil­ intense convictions, and great tenacity and the conference agreement on rec­ lions of East Europeans in the United in pursuit of those convictions. onciliation stipulates clearly that on States. It is an important scholarly I wish him continued good health, December 3, three million current achievement in the history of our cul­ happiness, and success over the years minimum beneficiaries are to receive ture, and is a worthy model for other ahead, and a very, very happy birth­ notice that their benefits might be re- areas and people. day!e 28638 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 20, 1981 SMALL BUSINESS INNOVATION 50. Tony Coelho, California written to me on this important ACT COSPONSORS 51. Baltasar Corrado, Puerto Rico matter is Leona Campbell of Marion, 52. Norman D'Amours, New Hampshire 53. Thomas Daschle, South Dakota Ky. I feel that her very thoughtful HON. JOHN J. LaFALCE 54. Julian Dixon, California letter is one which should be shared OF NEW YORK 55. Jim Dunn, Michigan with my colleagues, and I wish to do IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 56. Bernard Dwyer, New Jersey so at this time. The letter follows: 57. Bob Edgar, Pennsylvania Friday, November 20, 1981 DEAR CONGRESSMAN HUBBARD: I am writing 58. Walter Fauntroy Geraldine Ferraro, New York gram for cutting the budget. I, for one, cer­ pleased to announce that H.R. 4326, 60. Hamilton Fish, New York tainly do not approve of his plans to cut the the Small Business Innovation Devel­ 61. Thomas Foglietta, Pennsylvania checks of the people on fixed incomes like 62. Harold Ford, Tennessee myself. We can barely keep our heads above opment Act of 1981, now has over 100 63. Barney Frank, Massachusetts cosponsors. Today, the number stands water now. 64. Sam Gejdenson, Connecticut I have worked hard all my life-66 years. I at 117. I am gratified to see such wide­ 65. Newt Gingrich, Georgia 66. Dan Glickman, Kansas have always been honest and more than fair spread support for this bill that would in all dealings. I try to treat everyone the stimulate the growing small science 67. Bill Green, New York 68. James Hansen, Utah way I would like to be treated. I do not and high-technology sector of our think I am being treated fairly in this economy. I would like to urge all Mem­ 69. Frank Horton, New York 70. Steny Hoyer, Maryland matter. bers who have not yet cosponsored 71. William Hughes, New Jersey It is plain to see his program is geared to H.R. 4326 to do so. Moreover, I would 72. Dale Kildee, Michigan help the rich get richer and the poor get urge them to read the committee 73. Ray Kogovsek, Colorado poorer. report on the bill which is expected to 74. Tom Lantos, California Congressman, don't you think we (the be filed with the House today. 75. Jim Leach, Iowa poor> have the right to a decent standard of Those Members who have already 76. Jerry Lewis, California living? joined as cosponsors of this important 77. Bill Lowery, California I get my social security check in the 78. Stan Lundine, New York amount of $284.00 a month. I don't see how bill deserve special recognition. I want 79. Matthew McHugh, New York I can survive much longer at this rate of in­ to extend a special appreciation to my 80. Stewart McKinney, Connecticut flation. Take my word, it is very depressing. colleagues on the House Small Busi­ 81. Edward Madigan, Illinois I hope you can understand my circum­ ness Committee for their strong sup­ 82. Edward Markey, Massachusetts stances and will be ready to stand up for us port of H.R. 4326. Following is a list of 83. Marc Marks, Pennsylvania on this matter. the cosponsors of H.R. 4326: 84. David Martin, New York Thank you for taking the time to read 1. Parren J. Mitchell, Maryland 85. Lynn Martin, Illinois this. 2. Neal Smith, Iowa 86. Dan Mica, Florida I remain respectfully yours, 3. Joseph P. Addabbo, New York 87. Barbara Mikulski, Maryland LEONA CAMPBELL .• 4. Henry B. Gonzalez, Texas 88. G. V. Montgomery, Mississippi 5. Berkley Bedell, Iowa 89. Austin Murphy, Pennsylvania 6. Frederick Richmond, New York 90. Stephen Neal, North Carolina IN PRAISE OF CARL GARRITANI 7. Henry J. Nowak, New York 91. James Nelligan, Pennsylvania 8. Thomas A. Luken, Ohio 92. Jerry Patterson, California 9. Andy Ireland, Florida 93. John Porter, Illinois HON. CHARLES E. SCHUMER 10. Ike Skelton, Missouri 94. Joel Pritchard, Washington OF NEW YORK 95. Nick Rahall, West Virginia 11. Billy Lee Evans, Georgia IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 12. Charles W. Stenholm, Texas 96. Tom Railsback, Illinois 13. Romano L. Mazzoli, Kentucky 97. Peter Rodino, New Jersey Friday, November 20, 1981 98. Robert Roe, New Jersey 14. Nicholas Mavroules, Massachusetts e Mr. SCHUMER. Mr. Speaker, I am 15. George Crockett, Jr., Michigan 99. Toby Roth, Wisconsin 16. Charles Hatcher, Georgia 100. John Seiberling, Ohio proud to have the opportunity to 17. Ron Wyden, Oregon 101. Gerald Solomon, New York honor an individual who has devoted 18. Dennis E. Eckart, Ohio 102. Arlan Stangeland, Minnesota himself to the betterment of his com­ 19. Byron L. Dorgan, North Dakota 103. Fofo Sunia, American Samoa munity: Carl Garritani. Mr. Garritani 20. Gus Savage, Illinois 104. Bruce Vento, Minnesota is that special kind of individual whose 21. Buddy Roemer, Louisiana 105. James Weaver, Oregon service to his fellow citizens in my dis­ 22. John G. Fary, Illinois 106. Charles Wilson, Texas 107. Timothy Wirth, Colorado trict in Brooklyn has been matched by 23. Joseph M. McDade, Pennsylvania few. His contributions to the people of 24. Silvio 0. Conte, Massachusetts 108. Howard Wolpe, Michigan 25. J. William Stanton, Ohio 109. Antonio Won Pat, Guam Brooklyn have stretched over many 26. William S. Broomfield, Michigan llO. George Wortley, New York years, and range from fighting crime 27. Dan Marriott, Utah ll 1. Cardiss Collins, Illinois to serving as a State committeeman. 28. Lyle Williams, Ohio ll2. Vic Fazio, California Carl's concern for his family and for 29. Olympia J. Snowe, Maine ll3. Donald Mitchell, New York all the citizens living in the communi­ 30. Daniel B. Crane, Illinois ll4. Roy Dyson, Maryland ty led him to establish the United 31. John Hiler, Indiana 115. Louis Stokes, Ohio ll6. John Myers, Indiana Community Association of Flatlands, 32. David M. Staton, West Virginia an umbrella group of 40 block associa­ 33. Vin Weber, Minnesota 117. Dan Coats, Indianae 34. Hal Daub, Nebraska tions involving 3,000 families. Carl has 35. Christopher H. Smith, New Jersey worked for our youth in establishing 36. Ed Weber, Ohio BEING TREATED UNFAIRLY the night youth center and the 37. David Dreier, California summer youth employment program; 38. Guy V. Molinari, New York HON. CA~OLL HUBBARD, JR. he has worked for our senior citizens 39. Mark D. Siljander, Michigan OF KENTUCKY by creating the outreach program for 40. Daniel Akaka, Hawaii IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES senior citizens, which serves the entire 41. Eugene Atkinson, Pennsylvania Brooklyn area. Carl also established 42. Doug Barnard, Georgia Friday, November 20, 1981 43. Michael Barnes, Maryland the United Community Association of 44. Tom Bevill, Alabama e Mr. HUBBARD. Mr. Speaker, many Flatlands real estate program, which 45. Don Bonker, Washington people have written to me questioning provides free real estate services to 46. David Bowen, Mississippi how the President can reduce or delay prospective buyers. In addition, he is a 47. Clarence Brown, Ohio social security and other entitlement member of community board No. 18, 48. William Clay, Missouri benefits as a way to help balance the and serves on the advisory board for 49. William Clinger, Pennsylvania Federal budget. One of those who has Community School District No. 22. November 20, 1981 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28639 In 1978, Carl was elected to the pos­ in so many other instances, my best Canada, who believed that a lasting settle­ tion of State committeeman. He has guidance comes from Ambassador Har­ ment could not be secured without the served as a full-time committeeman, riman himself, who once said: "In our agreement of South Africa and SWAPO, the two parties engaged in armed conflict. and has gained the respect of civic and short time on Earth, we have a choice Progress seemed to be possible when South community leaders throughout the about the kind of world we leave Africa and SWAPO accepted a western pro­ city. behind." To apply this to Mr. Harri­ posal which included an election under U.N. As a police officer and detective, man's 90 short years, he has given us a supervision, a ceasefire, phased withdrawal Carl has worked actively toward solv­ sense of patriotism, a standard of ex­ of South African troops, and restriction of ing problems of crime in our Brooklyn cellence for public service, and sense SWAPO forces to their bases. South Africa neighborhoods. He has receive 24 of a world at peace. In short, Mr. later balked at the plan of implementation medals for bravery, including two ex­ Speaker, he enkindled within this while SWAPO and the other Namibian po­ ceptional merit citations. litical parties accepted it. Current efforts of Nation a dedication to achievement, the five-nation group have focused heavily In spite of all the time Carl Garri­ achievement of a better world.e on creating new movement toward imple­ tani has devoted to his community, he mentation of their proposal. is a model family man, dedicated to The present atmosphere for a settlement his wife, Amelia, and his children, Carl NAMIBIA is as positive as it has been at any time Anthony and Gina. during the years of tangled negotiations. On behalf of all of those whose lives HON. LEE H. HAMILTON The western five have put forward "consti­ have been touched, and improved, by OF INDIANA tutional principles" to protect white inhab­ his selfless generosity, I would like to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES itants and property rights. South Africa and the internal parties it supports are on one take this opportunity to salute Carl Friday, November 20, 1981 Garritani. Be it as a police officer, side while SWAPO and its African support­ community activist, or district leader, e Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, I ers face them on the other. The western would like to insert my foreign affairs group seeks agreement on constitutional Carl has always risen to the top of his principles, various transitional arrange­ field. We in Brooklyn are proud to call newsletter for the month of November ments, and a date for the election; but even him one of our own.e into the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD: under ideal conditions an election could not NAMIBIA take place until 1983. Moreover, the extent The protracted effort to bring independ­ of white and South African resistance is not AVERELL HARRIMAN ence to Namibia apartheid to the territory, and well-being of Namibia. Yorker and an outstanding Ameri­ that policy has become increasingly restric­ Our involvement in the negotiations is sig­ can-W. Averell Harriman. For over tive. Namibia has one milion black inhabit­ nificant. The U.S. has important interests in six decades, Governor Harriman has ants and 100,000 whites, yet political, eco­ southern Africa. It wants to prevent the fur­ served his beloved country and State nomic, and social power remains in white ther expansion of Soviet influence in the of New York during an unprecendent­ hands. Hospitals and schools are largely seg­ area. Large deposits of key minerals are lo­ ed career as a statesman and public regated. The government budget for white cated there, and oil from the Middle East is servant. schooling and health is ten times higher transported around the Cape of Good Hope. To articulate the one greatest than that for blacks. South Africa has es­ Because of the importance it attaches to the achievement of this man's life would tablished a system of homelands in Namibia region, the U.S. has also taken the lead in which separates the races and confines large the search for a peaceful resolution to the be difficult. Yet, the most noble may numbers of blacks to small areas of poor, Namibian conflict. It has discouraged invest­ simply be his decision as a young man arid land. Due to the system of contract ment in Namibia, and provides no aid for it. to dedicate his life to public service. labor that South Africa has imposed, the An important element in our policy has Since the 1930's, "The Governor" ratio of white to black wages is 12 to 1. been the attempt to maintain improved re­ has served with highest distinction In large measure because of such policies, lations with black-ruled African states every American President both at the United Nations General Assembly re­ which strongly support Namibian independ­ home and around the globe. In 1954, · voked South Africa's mandate in 1966 and ence. he won the Democratic nomination for established the U.N. Council for Namibia to The U.S. has not recognized Angola. It administer the territory until independence. argues that The Angolan government lacks Governor of New York. In this capac­ South Africa ignored the action, stayed in effective control of the country and allows ity, he tackled the problems of New Namibia, and refused to let members of the 20,000 Cubans to remain there. As one of York with the same wisdom and in­ council into the territory. In response to the "frontline" countries where SWAPO sight he possessed with national and South Africa's refusal to leave Namibia, Af­ bases are located, Angola has said it cannot international affairs. Governor Harri­ ricans organized themselves into political reduce the Cuban presence as long as it is man was a rare man in that he con­ parties, the most important of which is the threatened by South African invasion and stantly sought new, innovative ideas Southwest African People's Organization by South African support of UNITA, the instead of being complacent with the bank," she says. The reduced wel­ ing homes where they often did not of Western Pacific Industries Inc. fare benefits, she says, will mean "there receive the care, services, and therapy All he needed was a 90 percent guarantee might not be any Christmas." She pauses, from the Economic Development Adminis­ that they needed. then adds: "There might not be a Thanks­ 1978 tration for an $850,000 loan that a Hartford giving, either." In we held hearings which ex­ bank had agreed to make to finance the posed other examples of physical purchase. The federal agency appeared in­ THE COLLEGE STUDENT abuse and neglect. A year later we terested. It sent Mr. Babun the first draft of "Thank God my parents got divorced," ex­ began to investigate a series of board­ a proposed loan-guarantee pact and fol­ claims Holly Koch, a junior at the Universi­ ing home fires. Some 130 people have lowed up with oral assurances of the appli­ ty of Hartford. Miss Koch, a business major, lost their lives in such fires in 1979-81. cation's ultimate success. In February, with thinks that if her father's income had been the closing only weeks off, Mr. Babun gave considered in weighing her financial-aid re­ In 1981 we began to focus on the fi­ notice at Arrow Hart. quest, she wouldn't have gotten the assist­ nancial abuse which takes place in Then came the bad news: Under White ance she needs. some boarding homes. The U.S. Gen­ House orders, the EDA had frozen its busi­ Because of federal cuts, Miss Koch's eral Accounting Office helped us docu­ ness-aid programs, including loan guaran­ annual basic-aid grant has declined $50, to ment that there is widespread fraud tees. After unsuccessful appeals to Washing­ $996, and her work-study grant has been and theft of patients' funds in many ton, Mr. Babun's only chance to save the chopped in half, to $500 from $1,000, even boarding homes because of a general deal was to line up his own financing, which though her university costs have increased lack of accountability. he did-but at a price. by $1,530 this year. As a result, she works 15 Instead of a single bank, he had four sepa­ hours a week in the university's financial­ As a result of these hearings our rate lenders to deal with and a variable in­ aid office this year instead of the 10 hours committee is currently considering leg­ terest rate that has ranged above 22 per­ or so she averaged last year. "That increase islative initiatives. Some time ago, I in­ cent. . the first Governor of the Indiana Ter-. tions, some of which arise from the On ABC's "Good Morning, America" the ritory and the ninth President of the other day, Anderson accused Senators Ste­ presence of military bases on the vens and Hatfield of "conspiring" against United States. That school, known island, which also hamper our ability President Reagan. "Conspiring" means from its founding in 1801 as the Jef­ to generate local taxes. "planning secretly with other to do some­ ferson Academy and from its charter­ My bill offers a solution to this prob­ thing unlawful or wrong"-like committing ing 5 years later as Vincennes Univer- lem by calling for payment of $3.5 mil- a crime. Historically, the most famous con- November 20, 1981 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28643 spirators were Senators Cassius and Brutus. valism, news reports constantly refer to ies of basing modes are conducted. I Thus the term "conspiring" has particularly Iran's "revolutionary this" and "revolution­ agree with this approach and there­ ugly connotations. ary that." fore voted against the amendment to The truth, of course, is that both Stevens Distorting the meaning of words is a and Hatfield, along with many other sena­ subtle form of disinformation-the art, long delete $1,913,200,000 for MX R. & D. tors who question some of President Rea­ practiced by Soviet propagandists, of por­ B-lB bomber: The B-lB bomber is gan's defense-spending plans, are communi­ traying the opposite of what is true. But costly and may not give us enough ad­ cating quietly and reasonably with one an­ propaganda is only one reason for reporting vantage over the B-52 to warrant the other rather than spouting irresponsible disinformation. It may also be done for cost. I understand that a CIA analyst rhetoric on network television. profit. The Washington Post, for instance, indicated during hearings that the B- Words can be weapons, and the word recently-and reluctantly-apologized for 52 could penetrate Soviet air space "conspiring" jumped out of Anderson's publishing disinformation about former until 1991 and, at another time, De­ mouth as quick as a slug from a Saturday President Carter's bugging activities. night special. According to Dwight Dyer, Jack Anderson's "conspiring" remark is fense Secretary Weinberger stated Staff Director of the Senate Defense Appro­ clearly disinformation of a very low order. that flying a B-lB into the Soviet priations Subcommittee, "The senators Now, what do you think the chances are Union as early as 1990 would be suici­ agree on some points, disagree on others. that either Ted Stevens or Mark Hatfield dal. When I consider the fact that the Anderson's report is 100 percent false." will hear words of apology from ABC?e first 12 B-lB's will not be ready until All lies are made of words, and the way 1986 at the earliest and that the that words are manipulated can lead people "Stealth" advanced technology to believe all kinds of nonsense. VIEWS ON THE DEPARTMENT bomber could be ready by 1989, I ques­ One popular nonsense word is "radical." OF DEFENSE APPROPRIATIONS tion the need for producing 100 bomb­ The Washington Post printed a story a BILL while ago saying that Cuba was trying to ers that may eventually be used only sway certain countries in a more "radical" to carry cruise missiles and conven­ direction, meaning toward the Soviet Union. HON. TOM RAILSBACK tional weapons, a mission that could The next day, the Post and all three net­ OF ILLINOIS be carried out by the B-52's. works reported that Polish union leader IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The B-lB's are expensive. In July, Lech Walesa was elected president of Soli­ Friday, November 20, 1981 the Air Force estimated a cost of darity over three candidates who were more around $20 billion for the program, "radical," meaning against the Soviet e Mr. RAILSBACK. Mr. Speaker, I but I understand inflation could bring Union. Clearly, "radical" cannot carry both appreciate the opportunity to discuss the figure close to $30 billion. That is meanings. my views about defense spending, es­ Distorting the meaning of "radical," and $300 million for each plane-almost its cousins "left-wing" and "revolutionary," pecially in regard to the MX missile enough to fully fund the Legal Serv­ has been common practice within the Amer­ system and the B-lB bomber. While I ices Corporation. The House recently ican media establishment for a long time. believe we must support a strong de­ cut the budget for Legal Services from The predictable result is that most of the fense and maintain nuclear parity $341 million to $241 million. At a time American public is utterly confused about with the Soviet Union, I am concerned when social programs are being cut what is really going on in the world. about excessive increases in defense dramatically, I do not feel a bomber "Radical" is generally associated with programs when important social pro­ that may only be used at its optimum communism, which in its idealized form is grams are being cut. supposed to place the means of production for a short time should be built. So, I in the hands of the proletariat-the working Granted, we are not adequately pre­ supported the amendment to delete people. Thus, "radical," "left-wing," and pared for either a conventional or nu­ $1.8 billion for B-lB procurement "revolutionary" societies should be those in clear war. However, rather than while maintaining $292 million for R. which people enjoy the opportunity to hoping an increase in spending will &D.e oppose, and collectively replace, an unpopu­ help solve the problem, we should en­ lar government. Unfortunately, precisely courage wise decisionmaking and pro­ the opposite is true. curement policies. Our forces are in FIFTH ANNIVERSARY OF THE In the Communist countries-most obvi­ need of spare parts and a generally up­ UKRAINIAN HELSINKI GROUP ously the Soviet Union and Cuba-people become property. The communist govern­ graded conventional weapons system. ments operate more like fascist dictator­ Yet, I often feel the Pentagon puts too HON. DENNISE. ECKART ships or absolute monarchies than the per­ much emphasis on very complex and OF OHIO fect societies Karl Marx envisioned. They costly weapons. That is why I voted IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES are, in fact, no more than self-perpetuating, for an amendment to the Department tyrannical bureaucracies-that is, "right­ of Defense appropriations bill which Tuesday, November 17, 1981 wing." sought to reduce funding for military •Mr. ECKART. Mr. Speaker, once In many circles "radical" and "left-wing" procurement and research and devel­ again the anniversary of the Ukraini­ have become terms of intellectual approval. Those persons who want to appear enlight­ opment and sacrifices of the Ukrainian group to oppression" is translated into legitimate system that could become obsolete if are an example we must remember. political activity, and psychopathic crimi­ the Soviets add enough missile war­ Our efforts must reflect their dedica­ nals become idealistic political revolution­ heads to destroy all shelters. So, I tion. We must not condone the injus­ aries. have consistently supported efforts to tices of Soviet human rights violations The good guys actively supported or went require a study of alternative basing through the silence of Congress, the along with the "radicals" who overthrew the shah of Iran and formed a "revolution­ modes rather than placing all research collective voice of the United States. ary" government. Even now, when it is obvi­ and development Ronald Reagan: Your worried friend, Friday, November 20, 1981 DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: You did a character­ LOUIS RUKEYSER.e istically splendid job this past week of lam­ e Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, basting the opponents of your economic re­ there is a strange thread that runs covery program. Now do you think you IN OBSERVANCE OF THE lOOTH through our relations with the Soviet could get your supporters behind it, too? ANNIVERSARY OF RHODE IS­ Union. When forced collectivization For the discomforting truth is that your LAND'S BLACKSTONE VALLEY and the ravages of war and civil war greatest problem right now may be with CHAMBER OF COMMERCE ruined the Soviet farmland, the those who are supposed to be on your own United States stepped in and saved team, but whose display of disarray and pu­ millions of Soviet citizens with food sillanimity threatens to shoot your program HON. FERNAND J. ST GERMAIN in the legs before it gets 12 inches from the OF RHODE ISLAND supplied by the Hoover relief mission. starting line. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES When the Soviet economy started to For example: falter in the 1930's, we recognized It might be well for everyone in your ad­ Friday, November 20, 1981 their government and opened up trade ministration to be handed a nice old e Mr. ST GERMAIN. Mr. Speaker, let which resulted in a giant boost for fashioned sampler, suitable for framing, it be known that the Blackstone their industry. In World War II when bearing the words: "A tax increase is a tax Valley Chamber of Commerce will the Soviets had their backs to the wall increase is a tax increase." · Admittedly, it won't exactly replace Ger­ mark its lOOth year on t:p.e 23d day of fighting off Hitler's armies, we sup­ trude Stein, but it would be a useful remind­ November 1981. In observance of this plied raw materials, ships, planes, er the next time somebody tries to con the milestone, the chamber will hold a trucks, jeeps, and food that helped to American people into believing that a tax gala anniversary dinner on this stave off disaster. Again, in recent increase is suddenly not a tax increase if evening, said dinner being the culmi- years, the United States has supplied November 20, 1981 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28649 technology to help modernize a falter­ Miles Costick, president of the Institute the Trident submarine-another key compo­ ing Soviet economy as well as food to for Strategic Trade, which closely monitors nent of our strategic deterrent. feed a nation still carrying a badly such developments, sums up the process Between 1975 and '79, on the estimate of this way: "During the past decade the free defense specialist Sean Randolph, U.S. com­ producing farm sector. As the number world has been the source of much of the puter and electronics firms sold the Soviets one capitalist nation in the world, we Soviet Union's electronic and computer $300 million worth of computer and related have been and still remain enemy technology and manufacturing 'know how.' equipment. Computer technology is essen­ number one on the Politburo's list. In Further, the West has supplied the Soviet tial to ICBM guidance, ABM warfare and effect, we have been working against industrial sector with over $50 billion worth numerous other aspects of modern warfare. ourselves. Mr. M. Stanton Evans very of efficient machine tools, transfer lines, The Soviet "Ryad" system, used in its ICBM precisely described this situation in chemical plants, precise instruments and as­ and SLBM programs, is based on IBM 360 recent times for the American Legion, sociated technologies . . . Seldom if ever and 370 computers illegally diverted into has a country been able, as the Soviet Union the USSR in the early 1970s. The Kama October 1981. I commend this article has, to persuade the coutries against whom River truck complex contains an IBM 370 to the attention of my colleagues. Will most of its military build-up is directed to fi­ computer. In 1976, Control Data sought to we ever learn? nance so much of such a build-up." sell the Soviets an even more advanced com­ [From the American Legion, October 1981] Among the items traded to Moscow in this puter-a transaction halted by an outcry in AMERICAN'S ARMS RACE AGAINST ITSELF span have been laser technology, high-speed Congress. computers, semiconductors, jet-engine tech­ In 1974, the U.S. government . approved nology, advanced radar systems, inertial the sale to Poland by a French consortium In one of the most incredible stories in the guidance technology and numerous other of integrated circuits based on U.S.-licensed annals of diplomacy, the United States for items needed to construct a modern military technology-miniaturized systems essential upwards of a decade has been conducting a force. Far from applying these to peaceful to ICBM guidance. These circuits, Costick lethal arms race against itself. commercial purposed, the Soviets have sys­ notes, are typical "dual-use technology," Evidence accumulated by Congressional tematically used them to build their war­ used in pocket calculators, digital watches investigators makes it increasingly plain making potential-a situation that has set and TV sets, but also in ICBM guidance and that the Soviet Union's recent military alarm bells ringing in Congress and caused aircraft fire control systems. build-up, seen as threatening our strategic Senators Jake Garn and Henry Jackson to the sale to Moscow by a Swedish firm­ aided by U.S. industry. Numerous elements demand corrective action. again using U.S. technology-of the ad­ needed to build be Soviet war machine have A foremost object of Congressional con­ vanced air control system at Vnukovo air­ been obtained, it now appears, from Ameri­ cern is the Soviets' gigantic SS-18 missile. port in Moscow. This highly sophisticated can and other Western business firms-with According to U.S. intelligence, this missile system employing computer-guided radar the approval of our government. comes equipped with 12 independently tar­ can detect any kind of airborne object and Among the most vivid examples of this getable warheads . accurate enough calculate its future flight path with instan­ process was the Soviet invasion of Afghani­ to seek out and hit our fixed-base Minute­ taneous accuracy. stan in December 1979. When Soviet troops men. If true, this means the SS-18s can de­ The Soviets also obtained the RB-211 rolled into Kabul to subjugate that hapless stroy a major component of our strategic ar­ engine used to power widebodied jets and nation, they did so in vehicles produced at senal. well suited to long range bombers. This the enormous Kama River truck plant, built Considering the fact that the Soviets have engine was developed with $300 million in for the Kremlin with the help of 80 U.S. historically been backward in the technolog­ research and development grants from the firms and an estimated $350 million worth ical areas needed for such weaponry, includ­ U.S. government. of our technology. ing computers and miniaturization, how In 1980, the Carter adrrlinistration ap­ When completed, Kama River will be the could they have devised such an advanced proved the sale to Moscow of $144 million largest truck factory in the world, capable system? The answer is that we provided it to worth of technology for developing super­ of producing 250,000 heavy-duty trucks an­ them. Over the strenuous objections of the hardened drilling bits for deep oil well drill­ nually Institute of the U.S.A. and Dr. Scott: It would not be a waste of time ately outside. They have a completely dif­ Canada. Our experts are separated, under if we had trained professionals negotiating ferent problem in designing forces. They different groups, and often do not exchange with the Soviets. Too often, we will send have not even thought, until fairly recently, data, nor do the heads of our groups have a over a new group who will be negotiating of designing forces that could be lifted by significant place in government. If they take with the Soviet professionals, who have ship or by aircraft to fight battles thou­ a governmental post, they typically relin­ studied this country and know its military sands of miles away, together with the logis­ quish their center or institute posts. capabilities probably more thofoughly than tical support that goes with it. What is your opinion of the potential of you or I do. Their professionals will speak And you think, that the building of these the MX missile system to neutralize the ca­ English. We send over people going in for new aircraft carriers signals a change in pability of the Russian nuclear capacity? the first time against the Soviets; they feel their thinking? Dr. Scott: It would be more survivable that they are supposed to come up with Dr. Scott: Yes. It has come out in their than what we have now. Our missiles are some treaty or some agreement. The Soviets writings where they talk about the external very old. do not feel that they have to come up with role of the Soviet armed forces. Is it ? Russian society, like ours, has the should not, however, expect to gain a lot country. capacity to produce peace-loving men and from negotiating. One article I've read suggests a scenario of women. It produced a Tolstoy; we produced What do you think we can look for when nuclear attack different from the one I've a Thoreau. the guard [leadership] changes in the grown up with. That scenario is that the So­ Dr. Scott: You believe there are hawks Soviet Union? They're all old. viets would not wipe out large segments of and doves over there in high official posi­ Dr. Scott: The leaders in the Soviet Union the civilian population or destroy the econo­ tions? There aren't. Those men are watched now were all in World War II. They under­ my. Their nuclear strike objective•••. and graded by their peers at all times. stand what happened in World War II, how • • • them survive. With the men who There are no hawks and doves in their mili­ the United States fought as an ally with the fought in the war-the men who are rapidly tary. In the confines of their home, they Soviets, even though it is not often reported dying off now-when they see a U.S. officer, might have a different view. There are not in their books or in their press. Many of the at least there is some acknowledgment that two parties there: there is one party only. people in the Soviet Union are still aware of at one time we'd fought as allies. With the The press has created the impression that the fact that we provided them with tre­ younger group coming up, it's different. The some leaders are more reasonable than mendous amounts of aid, food, weapons, and younger group is growing up isolated. Only others. The Russians are charming people, did a great deal toward helping forces in a very, very few have had any contact with and when Americans meet the Russians France. We did the same thing in World the West. It [the situation] could be danger­ they are disarmed. War II. We probably had'the greatest capa­ ous. But there has to be some diversity of bility the world has ever known for the pro­ Soviet consumer goods, as you well know, thought. jection of military power, as witness-what are often not very impressive-clumsy, Harriet Scott: In their private delibera­ we did in Southeast Asia, what we did in the bulky, not very sophisticated. What about tions before reaching a decision, there is a Pacific, and then with the forces we put their military hardware? wide spectrum of opinion. If there are 18 into the European theater. Dr. Scott: It's good. different members of the Politburo, there Do we have anything in production to It is as good as ours? will be 18 different opinions. However, once match the Backfire-the Soviet's long-range Dr. Scott: In many cases, yes. You can the Politburo reaches consensus, everyone aviation aircraft? Do we need anything? talk with Israeli officers who have fought has to fall into line. The Russians don't Dr. Scott: If we do, it is the best-kept with both U.S. equipment and Soviet equip­ have a system of equality in interrelations secret in the U.S. People keep thinking we ment, and they have a very, very high between people. One has to get the upper 'have something up our sleeves.... We regard for Soviet equipment. While we're on hand. They have a saying Ktokovo-which probably have some Rand D [research and equipment . . . take our tanks. They have translated literally means "who dominates development] coming along. Yes, we need automatic shift, air conditioning, and all of whom?" The saying expresses the question, them because they can be dispersed. the things we expect, or many of the things November 20, 1981 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28657 we expect in a passenger car. Our tanks that ation is unthinkable. If a base com­ Al's long and dedicated career as a fought in World War II did not have all of mander has a problem with a contrac­ public servant in the New Jersey State this gadgetry on them and they fought tor, he must operate through a con­ quite well. The Soviet tanks are simple, they government spanned over 50 years. are rugged and.... tract officer who then deals with the During that time, he served under sev­ Not air-conditioned? contractor. Effective control is re­ eral distinguished legislators: former Dr. Scott: Nothing fancy. If it has to be moved from the base commander. In Assemblyman Joseph J. Maraziti, air-conditioned, it will be air-conditioned. an emergency situation, where quick State Assemblyman Arthur Albohn, But remember that the Soviet tanks are de­ reaction is a necessity, it is ridiculous and State Senator John H. Dorsey. signed to fight in a nuclear environment for a base commander not to have the He was a long and tireless supporter and ours are not. ability to control the firefighting per­ What do you mean by that? of his party as a member of the Morris Dr. Scott: Well, their tanks are lead-lined. sonal. County Republican Committee and as And ours are not? The proponents of contracting out Morris Township Municipal Republi­ Dr. Scott: No. The Soviets have the BMP, fire protection claim that to do so may can chairman. Al was known as a man an armored personnel-vehicle carrier that is well save money. Indeed, in some in­ whose word was his bond-and he was designed to cross chemically- and biological­ stances it has been shown that a pri­ a man who always kept his word. ly-contaminated areas as well. vate contractor can provide fire pro­ During his 40 years as an active And we do not have anything like that? Dr. Scott: No, we do not. tection more cheaply than can the member of the Benevolent Protective Do they have many of them? Navy itself. But in a situation where a Order of Elks, Al once served as the Dr. Scott: They have a lot of them. private contractor might not act as exalted ruler of the Boonton chapter Well, like how many? Hundreds? Thou­ quickly or as efficiently, it is quite pos­ and as State vice president of the sands? sible that a $15 or $20 million jet air­ order. Harriet Scott: I would say thousands. craft could be destroyed. Indeed, if the Al died suddenly last October leav­ Dr. Scott: Yes. This started in the '60's, employees of a private fire protection when they began to equip their tanks to ing his wife of 38 years, Genevieve, fight in a nuclear-biological-chemical envi­ company were to go on strike, it is pos­ and his two children, Richard and ronment.• sible that millions of dollars of sophis­ Mary Ann. ticated equipment could be destroyed I would like to extend my deepest should a fire break out. Where, then, sympathy to his family, and to those FIREFIGHTER CONTRACTING would the savings be? fortunate enough to have known Al OUT Navy firefighting personnel must DeFiore, that they may find solace in perform a range of tasks, some of their memories of him. HON. DUNCAN HUNTER which are inappropriate for private Thank you, Mr. Speaker.e OF CALIFORNIA personnel to carry out. The mission of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES firefighters at the naval air station at SHAMANSKY CONDEMS CZECH Friday, November 20, 1981 North Island, in my district in San Diego, is representative. This fire de­ REPRESSION e Mr. HUNTER. Mr. Speaker, on partment is required to provide sup­ Wednesday, November 18, the House port in the nuclear weapons program. failed, by a division vote of 83 to 85, to HON. BOB SHAMANSKY They are responsible for establishing OF OHIO adopt an amendment to the defense an emergency command post in the appropriations bill, fiscal year 1982, event of a nuclear accident or incident. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES which would have placed a 1-year mor­ A work force which is not under mili­ Friday, November 20, 1981 atorium on the contracting out of fire­ tary control would clearly be detri­ e Mr. SHAMANSKY. Mr. Speaker, I fighting and security services at mili­ mental to our national security. am gravely concerned about the latest tary installations. I supported the It is my understanding that the wave of arrests in Czechoslovakia. In amendment offered by my colleague Armed Services Committee will be recent months, Czechoslovak authori­ and regret that such an important conducting a thorough investigation of ties have rounded up dozens of citizens issue received so little attention during the contracting out of fire protection associated with the Charter 77 move­ the debate. services at Navy bases around the In accordance with OMB Circular A..,. ment, a group which has been pressing country early next year. We must be for compliance with the Helsinki ac­ 76, which directs the various agencies absolutely sure that if we are going to of the executive branch to use private cords. Six Catholic activists were sen­ proceed with the contracting out of tenced last month, and 14 men and contractors in the provision of certain fire protection, that it is done so in a goods and services, the Navy has de­ women are soon to be tried at what rational manner which meets the ob­ may be the largest show trial since cided to contract out firefighting func­ jections which I have outlined above. I tions at the various military installa­ 1972. A statement by the Committee will be participating in the investiga­ to Defend the Unjustly Prosecuted tions around the country. Contracts tion to insure that superficial econom­ for fire protection have been let at ; Petr Po­ the Long Beach Buddhist Church, and spichal was beaten 3 times in the fall of This 3-year reauthorization 1980 and last December Vaclav Maly was the Wilmington Rotary Club. strengthened many of the programs brutally beaten. Last week, Karel Freund Last year at this time, the title of honorary mayor of Wilmington was under the act and will enable virtually was brutally beaten during interrogation. all of the current services being of­ This week the police in East Bohemia de­ bestowed on Jim Yamamoto, under tained Karel Soukup and a Catholic priest, the aegis of the Rotarians, and Jim fered to be maintained. The programs Andrej Lukasek. Karel Soukup was system­ has served the community very honor­ and services reauthorized in the Older atically beaten for 4 hours and tortured in a ably in this capacity. As tribute is Americans Act will encourage elderly way we have not witnessed before. We also made to him for his continued record citizens to remain active and in the know of a number of people beaten during of service, my wife Lee and I would workforce when possible. Their questioning who are understandably afraid wisdom and experience benefits many to make their experience public. like to join the many well-wishers in saying a great big thank you to Jim of the less fortunate of our citizens The indiscriminate violations of privacy of and I am convinced that these pro­ the home, the arrests of people in their for all that he has done and will surely homes and their detention for 48 hours continue to do for the residents of the grams are cost effective and worthy of have lately become so frequent that a non­ entire South Bay area. We congratu­ reauthorization.• conformist cannot invite a few friends over late Jim and his lovely wife Ann, their without incurring risk. Raids on apartments children Mark and Susan, their daugh­ F.B.I. USER FEE LEGISLATION are usually followed by house searches and ter-in-law Colleen and their grandchil­ confiscation of property. There is at present no defense against such actions and on the dren, Jennifer and Markie, on this most auspicious occasion. We wish HON. HAMILTON FISH, JR. contrary, any references to such behavior OF NEW YORK are met with cynical derision. We have them all the best in the future, and reason to fear that the brutal and indis­ hope that they will be among us for a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES criminate behavior of the police appears to very long time.e Friday, November 20, 1981 have no bounds. At present 15 VONS mem­ bers are either serving prison sentences, are •Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, although I in pre-trial detention, or are being prosecut­ OLDER AMERICANS ACT am in strong support of the effort to ed while still free. Another 8 VONS mem­ AMENDMENTS OF 1981 cut unnecessary Government spend­ bers have emigrated. In the current situa­ ing, I firmly believe that we should tion it is almost impossible for the remain­ HON. THOMAS A. DASCHLE preserve and enhance the resources ing VONS members to arrange meetings. In needed by our Federal law enforce­ these circumstances we do not know if and OF SOUTH DAKOTA ment agencies to perform their impor­ for how long we shall be able to continue IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tant duties and to provide assistance our activities. Friday, November 20, 1981 to their State and local counterparts. PRAGUE CZECHOSLOVAKIA, September 20, 1981 .• e Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. Speaker, unfor­ One of the unfortunate results of tunately I was unable to be present to budgetary constraints has been the vote on H.R. 3046, the Older Ameri­ recent temporary suspension of cer­ A TRIBUTE TO JAMES cans Act Amendments of 1981. If I tain fingerprint services by the Feder­ YAMAMOTO would have been present, I would have al Bureau of Investigation. Under the voted in favor of final passage for this Department of Justice Appropriation HON. GLENN ANDERSON most important bill. Act of 1974, the FBI may, in its discre­ OF CALIFORNIA There are several important pro­ tion, make certain identification and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES grams which will be reauthorized in fingerprint records available to bank­ this legislation that I wish to point ing institutions and, where authorized Friday, November 20, 1981 out. by State law and approved by the At­ e Mr. ANDERSON. Mr. Speaker, on One is the Green Thumb program. torney General, to officials of State December 3 the Wilmington Chamber Over 300 South Dakotans are em- and local governments for licensing November 20, 1981 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28659 and employment purposes. Obviously, setting these standards to the EPA protection of the public health, spur Mr. Speaker, such services must be Adminstrator does not insure the va­ new investment, and foster economic available if we are to insure that con­ lidity and scientific acceptability of growth. Current law is not accepta­ victed felons are not placed in sensi­ the process involved. The existing, but ble-more suitable means are at hand tive banking positions or licensed by strictly advisory, Clean Air Scientific to address the various concerns in­ the States in violation of law. For in­ Advisory Committee, should be ex­ volved in meeting our clean air goals. stance, I have been contacted by con­ pended to provide a broader base of Again, I urge my colleagues to move stituents who are concerned that New input and review and be given decision forward the consideration of needed York's gun licensing requirements will authority equal to the Administrator's changes. Inaction will insure a con­ be undermined if the FBI's fingerprint in setting air quality standards. Both tinuation of the problems which lead services are suspended. the Administrator and the Committee to economic stagnation, higher prices Mr. Speaker, I believe that our budg­ should then maintain adequate pri­ to consumers from utilization of im­ etary and law enforcement needs can mary health standard levels without ported oil rather than domestic coal, both be met by the institution of a regard to economic cost. and which hinder greater progress user's-fee system, which will pass the In meeting these standards, the ex­ toward cleaner air·• cost of these services on to those who isting regulatory burdens and conflicts benefit from them. To that end, I am can be eliminated. There is no need today introducing legislation which for, or benefit from, additional regula­ FAIR TRADE WITH JAPAN would require the Attorney General to tions beyond the requirements of the establish and collect fees for the proc­ New . Source Performance Standards. HON. DUNCAN HUNTER essing of requests for identification These standards are set at a level suf­ records by banks, to promote their se­ ficient to insure progress toward clean­ OF CALIFORNIA curity, and the States and local gov­ er air and protect public health and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ernments, for employment and licens­ should remain as the basic regulation Friday, November 20, 1981 ing purposes. My bill would also au­ for air quality. Under the prevention of significant deterioration program in •Mr. HUNTER. Mr. Speaker, recent thorize appropriations to fund the im­ discussion of United States-Japanese plementation of this system which attainment areas, the additional terti­ ary restrictions in class II and III trade relations has focused on the would reflect the fees collected. growing amount of Japanese imports Mr. Speaker, it has been proposed areas, which are not related to public health and general welfare or to visi­ into the United States. Traditionally, that the FBI establish a user's fee this trade debate has centered on two system effective October 1, 1982. Be­ bility considerations, may be safely eliminated, along with the associated rather differing points of view. cause I am deeply concerned about the Some have advocated such overtly potential for disastrous consequences preconstruction reviews. The concern to protect pristine areas designed as protectionist measures as strict import from postponing fingerprint services quotas on some products such as auto­ for such a long period, my bill would class I, which include large national take effect immediately upon enact­ parks and wilderness areas, is a legiti­ mobiles or electronic goods. Others mate focus of stricter pollution control have maintained strict principles of ment. If the Congress acts promptly, free trade. But recently, increasing at­ we will be able to reinstitute these im­ requirements. The em1ss1on incre­ portant services far in advance of the ments protecting air quality in these tention, both in the United States and FBI's projected date. I am firmly com­ regions should continue. Best available Europe, has focused on a problem control technology is a suitable re­ which cuts across the lines of past mitted to that goal and I ask my col­ trade debates. Those who support free leagues to join me in this endeavor.• quirement in those cases where new source performance standards do not trade and those who support protec­ exist or are .not applicable. tionist measures have become aware of CLEAN AIR ACT REVISION In nonattainment areas, require­ nontariff barriers to trade. ments for lowest achievable emission Just this week, in the November 23, HON. CLEVE BENEDICT rate technology and construction 1981, issue of Newsweek magazine, OF WEST VIRGINIA moratoriums can be eliminated to such trade barriers received attention. The magazine article correctly states IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES allow progress toward modernization of our industrial base and cleaner air. that nontariff barriers keep foreign Friday, November 20, 1981 Since NSPS and BACT will always firms out of Japanese markets without e Mr. BENEDICT. Mr. Speaker, over result in lower emissions from new, technically violating international the past 2 months I have presented more efficient facilities, these stand­ trade agreements. For example, every my colleagues in the House of Repre­ ards should prevail. automobile imported into Japan is sentatives with proposals to revise the At the State level, adequate flexibil­ subject to an individual inspection, in­ Clean Air Act. The changes I support ity to address air quality questions stead of granting blanket permission provide the structure necessary for arising from local needs and concerns for importing entire lines of cars as is the further development of new indus­ must be granted. Different solutions done in the United States. trial facilities; for cleaner plant emis­ and schedules appropriate to different Yesterday, I introduced legislation, sions from newer equipment; and for areas need to be viewed as acceptable together with my colleague, Congress­ greater employment opportunities for as long as reasonable further progress man JIM DUNN of Michigan, designed Americans. I have tried to make clear toward attainment of ambient stand­ to combat these non-tariff barriers that constructive changes will ards is being made. This change ap­ and enable American auto manufac­ strengthen, rather than weaken the plies to both initial State implementa­ turers to compete more fairly with the act and that industrial growth, instead tion plans and subsequent revisions. Japanese. My bill, H.R. 5050 would es­ of requiring a sacrifice from our clean To avoid delays and confusion, plans tablish a two-way street wherein U.S. air goals, will help in achieving and ex­ should be deemed approved if not re­ auto firms would have a fair chance to ceeding these goals. I would once viewed by EPA within the time frame sell their products in Japan. again like to bring these changes to designated by law, and the duplication H.R. 5050, the Two-Way Street Act, your attention. at the Federal level of the notice and would impose parity fees on automo­ While I have continually supported public comment process should be biles imported from Japan in the same an air quality management program at eliminated. proportion as the fees and costs which the Federal level and adherence to es­ These are some of the changes are added to our cars sold in Japan tablished standards for air quality, the which are essential to a successful which are due to nontariff trade bar­ current law restricting authority over clean air program which will maximize riers. 28660 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 20, 1981 Last year, more than 1.9 million Jap­ President to levy a parity fee on all Governor Harriman's service to the anese cars were imported into the Japanese cars that enter the United cause of the Allies in World War II United States, up 111 percent from States. This parity fee would be an cannot be overstated. He was a close the 1975 level. Japan's share of the amount equal to the product of a mul­ personal friend of Winston Churchill, U.S. auto market now approaches 25 tiplier-percentage-times the average and knew Josef Stalin more intimately percent, dramatically up from 9 per­ selling price of the Japanese made car than any other Westerner. He had a cent in 1976. Meanwhile, our share of when sold in Japan. The percentage, difficult task in allaying the Soviet Japan's auto market stood at less than which is calculated for each class of leader's suspicion of American and one half of 1 percent. All foreign made automobiles, is an amount equal to the British intentions in the war. vehicles captured a meager 1.2 percent excess of the average selling price of Though starting as a "confirmed op­ of the Japanese auto market. This the particular class of U.S. vehicle in year, that figure will fall to 0.9 per­ Japan, over the average selling price timist" about Stalin's postwar inten­ cent. of such vehicle type in the United tions, he soon realized that "our objec­ The Japanese, of course, will tell you States. In a nutshell, we are imposing tives and the Kremlin's objectives are that poor workmanship of U.S. made Japanese taxes and costs on Japanese irreconcilable." He stressed, however, vehicles explain their poor showing. cars sold in this country. the need to reach some type of under­ They will also claim that American The Commission will have the power standing to avoid another war. This companies only want to sell large gas­ to adjust, or even eliminate, this didn't mean that he favored giving in guzzlers that Japanese consumers do parity fee when they deem it appropri­ to Soviet demands. A blunt-speaking not want to buy. But that does not ex­ ate. They may lower the parity fee in diplomat and tough negotiator, Gover­ plain the decline in sales of European the same proportion that Japan lowers nor Harriman fought hard for U.S. in­ automakers who have enjoyed a repu­ the taxes and costs it imposes on our terests on the negotiating table. He tation for quality. Moreover, if the cars. Japan, in effect, will control the cautions us today that he feels the So­ Japanese really believe that American amount and duration of this fee since viets are as dangerous as they were at cars cannot compete in Japan, why it is to be based on the amount of the the end of World War II, when he pre­ have they imposed such staggering costs Japan places on U.S. cars sold in dicted that the Soviet Union would import barriers on us instead of letting Japan. become "a world bully." In our negoti­ the marketplace take its natural Finally, any automobile manufactur­ ations with the Soviet Union, we course. er located in the United States may would be well-advised to heed his Let me give you one current exam­ import one Japanese car free of the word. Governor Harriman, who has ple. The Ford Motor Co. is now mar­ parity fee for each automobile manu­ had talks with every Soviet leader keting the new Escort model, a car factured in the United States. since Stalin, feels that the Soviets that, in my opinion, can compete head As Japan floods our market with desire a reduction in nuclear weapons, on with the compact, fuel efficient their cars, only a trickle of U.S. built but nevertheless are dedicated to re­ Japanese models. While the Escort is automobiles are sold in Japan. The shaping the world after their own off to a brisk start on European roads, model of communism. competing very well against compara­ Japanese have created a one-way street. The flow of cars across the Pa­ Governor Harriman's superb diplo­ ble European models, it is, according cific is one-sided. The time has come to Ford, stalling out in Japan. Why? matic skills and international reputa­ to turn the tide. The time has come to tion made him a popular choice for Because of nontariff barriers. The remove these nontariff barriers and price of the Escort GL model which numerous significant roles. At an age initiate fairness in international trade. at which most people retired, Gover­ retails for about $7,400, including op­ The time has come to create a two-way tions, in the United States, carriers a nor Harriman continued his difficult sticker price of about $11,700 in Japan. street.• work-he was 72 when he went to Only about $200 of this markup is at­ Moscow to negotiate a nuclear test tributable to the freight costs. The A BIRTHDAY TRIBUTE TO ban treaty with Khrushchev in 1963; rest is due to such things as a $1,000 GOVERNOR HARRIMAN and he was 77 when he served as chief commodity tax, homologation costs, U.S. negotiator at the Paris peace and other nontariff barriers. talks in 1968. Further barriers result from the HON. BENJAMIN A. GILMAN Governor Harriman, said President Japanese safety and pollution stand­ OF NEW YORK John F. Kennedy, has held "as many ards. Every year, Ford brings a team IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES important jobs as any American in our of Japanese engineers to the United Thursday, November 12, 1981 history, with the possible exception of States to spend 2 months witness test­ John Quincy Adams." Governor Harri­ ing vehicles designed for the Japanese • Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Speaker, Novem­ man has provided, and continues to market. Even after these tests are ber 15, marks the 90th birthday of one provide, a valuable continuity for U.S. completed, and the results certified, of the truly great men of the 20th cen­ Governments. One price of our democ­ each car must individually undergo a tury-Gov. W. Averell Harriman. Heir racy is that by changing the top lead­ rigorous inspection. to the Union Pacific railroad fortune, ership periodically, we sacrifice the Additionally, there is the high cost Governor Harriman turned to public of opening a dealership in Japan. J ap­ service in 1933, joining President positive aspects df a continuity in lead­ anese custom for bids autodealers to Franklin D. Roosevelt at the begin­ ership. Our democratic system is, how­ share facilities with importers. It was ning of the New Deal. For the next 48 ever, incomparably preferable to a just this sort of piggybacking that al­ years, Governor Harriman served his self-maintaining regime, and the lowed Japanese manufacturers to get a nation, advising five Presidents, and wisdom and experience of men like foothold in American markets. Ameri­ fulfilling the responsibilities of numer­ Governor Harriman enable us to can companies do not have a high ous governmental positions, including: better protect ourselves in an often enough volume of sales in Japan to Ambassador to the Soviet Union, Am­ hostile environment. open dealerships, but without dealer­ bassador to Great Britain, Secretary A man of peace, a man of principles ships, sales volume cannot grow. Thus of Commerce, Undersecretary of State and truly one of the leading figures of this nontariff trade barrier creates a for Political Affairs, and Governor of our time-we honor Gov. W. Averell vicious circle preventing fair competi­ the State of New York. Governor Har­ Harriman on his 90th birthday, and tion. riman has been one of our Nation's look forward to his enjoying many H.R. 5050 would establish a biparti­ most prominent figures in world diplo­ more years in the service of his be­ san Commission appointed by the macy. loved Nation.e November 20, 1981 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28661 CULTURAL ENRICHMENT AT I had the distinct pleasure of attend­ and in 1947 became Executive Director MUHLENBERG COLLEGE ing this event and, as a result of Rus­ of the Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear sian language and culture, I felt the Studies, a post he held until retire­ HON. DON RITTER festival did much to break down the ment a few years ago. It was while he OF PENNSYLVANIA barriers between our two people. was at Oak Ridge that Dr. Pollard was IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Having lived in the Soviet Union, I also drawn to the services of the had the opportunity to speak with the church culminating in his ordination Friday, November 20, 1981 artists in the Russian language. I will in 1954 as a priest. e Mr. RITTER. Mr. Speaker, I would long cherish the thoughts we shared Dr. Pollard approaches the subject like to share with my colleagues an ex­ and, even in that short time, felt kin­ from a theological viewpoint and perience I recently had at Muhlenberg ship with them. makes an interesting observation College in Allentown, in the Lehigh The festival gave the people of the about the naturalness of nuclear Valley of Pennsylvania. This experi­ Lehigh Valley a firsthand exposure to energy in the universe as compared to ence was a festival entitled "An En­ a culture that few have the opportuni­ other forms of energy and correctly richment of American Culture: Rus­ ty to see, a culture that, in its own notes that the others are all derived sian Emigrees/ American Immigrees." homeland, nonetheless achieves great­ from it. Dr. Pollard is not blind to the This month-long event celebrated two ness. We had the privilege of exposure destructive as well as constructive po­ traditions: The American tradition of to a group of people to whom freedom tential of nuclear energy, but notes "it welcoming foreigners to our shores is like a powerful elixir. is essential that we devote our best ef­ and the Russian tradition of intellec­ I am proud to represent a district in forts to finding ways to prevent the tual and esthetic cultivation. The which people like Dr. John Morey, misuse of nuclear energy. We must merger of these two traditions and cul­ Muhlenberg College president; and work tirelessly to prevent the poten­ tures, as was demonstrated by this fes­ Linda Weintraub, Muhlenberg College tial curse from being realized, but a re­ tival, results in the invigoration of the gallery director and art department fusal of its blessings is not one of former. lecturer, have the vision to see the them." The relationship between Russia world in a different light, a world I have excerpted Dr. Pollard's paper and the United States has been where we strive for understanding which follows and I urge my col­ fraught with the tension of opposing through a language common to the leagues to take the time to look at this social visions, confrontations, attempts human spirit, the language of art and matter from a fresh moral perspective: at cooperation, and competition. Most creativity.e often, this relationship has been con­ SOME THEOLOGICAL REFLECTIONS ON NUCLEAR sidered within the context of econom­ POWER ics, politics, and military preparedness. THE MORAL IMPLICATIONS OF Columbia University lar manifestations of the phenomenon of 28662 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 20, 1981 life. But life is the peculiar property of the THE BLESSING AND THE CURSE OF DOMINION but to accommodate himself to the reality earth which is but one member, and a rela­ There is a most perceptive insight into the of his situation. tively insignificant one at that, among an uniqueness of man compared with every Now, however, a growing number of voices unimaginably vast array of astronomical ob­ other creature created by God at the begin­ are being raised against this effort. They jects. And in that vast array, the earth is ning of the Torah. The ancient story of cre­ fear that man cannot be trusted to develop well nigh unique. Fossil and biomass fuels ation in the first chapter of Genesis con­ its blessing for fear that it would simply en­ are certainly extreme rarities in creation as cludes with a summary of what God accom­ courage him to develop its curse. It is essen­ a whole! plished when He created man as His crown­ tial that we devote our best efforts to find­ But if this is true of what we regard as ing achievement: So God created man in His ing ways to prevent the misuse of nuclear "natural" sources of energy, the exact oppo­ own image ... and God said to them, "Be energy. We must work tirelessly to prevent site is true of nuclear energy, which from fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth and the potential curse from being realized, but our standpoint was so recently introduced subdue it; and have dominion over the fish a refusal of its blessing is not one of them. by man into the natural order. If we were to of the sea, and over the birds of the air Whether we develop the blessing or not will take an imaginary space flight out among

79-059 0-85-6 (Pt. 22) 28664 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 20, 1981 provided by this dedicated public serv­ fense of Kathy Boudin, notorious monies freely acknowledge that they have ant. member of the Weather Underground., ignored these statutory restrictions. Mr. Jordan is required to be on call who was arrested recently in connec­ In addition to those programs expressly for 7 hours a day, 7 days a week to re­ tion with the $1.6 million Brinks rob­ authorized to fund advocacy activities, there are many others which have had that unin­ spond to emergency situations in the bery in New York. Marge Grevatt, a tended result. city. A family left homeless as a result close friend of Boudin's, stated that For example, a House Appropriations of fire, children without food, emo­ the American system had pushed Committee report found that Sam Brown's tional situations culminating in suici­ Boudin into her role of violence and ACTION had supported union organizing, dal/barricade situations, those who as­ terror. "I think it is a terrible com­ funded a training institute for community semble to petition their government; mentary on our society when someone activists to the tune of $432,235, and as­ all rely on the professionalism, com­ with her sensitivity and commitment signed volunteers to work in the 1979 Ar­ passion, and dedication of Sam becomes frustrated to the point that kansas primary election. Jordan. Indeed, I am certain that she did," said Grevatt. The Cleveland LEGAL SERVICES ADVOCACY nearly every one of my colleagues has Legal Aid Society received $1.5 million But the Legal Services Corporation constituents who have benefited from from Legal Services Corporation in is probably more extensively and exclusively the service of Mr. Jordan. I have in 1980. involved in ideologically premised advocacy mind those national occasions such as I offer for the record the first in­ than is any other agency. when we inaugurate a President, wel­ stallment of an excellent monograph In 1981, this government-created, semi-au­ come foreign dignataries, and assem­ on the Legal Services Corporation en­ tonomous entity received $321,300,000 in titled "Missionaries for Liberalism: taxpayer funding. Like other advocacy pro­ ble for a Solidarity Day; all are occa­ grams, which operate through extra-govern­ sions on which Sam Jordan insures Uncle Sam's Established Church" by mental non-profit corporations, it is charac­ the safety and well being of hundreds Michael E. Hammon: terized by an organic statute which, while of thousands of our citizens. MISSIONARIES FOR LIBERALISM: UNCLE SAM'S not saying so, has the effect of channelling Samuel H. Jordan can be looked to ESTABLISHED CHURCH funding to individuals and organizations on as one who exemplifies the best in a homosexuality. $3.9 million from the Legal Services Disabilities Act and the Rehabilitation Act Most of these activities are not within the Corporation last year. of 1978. Under these programs, outside scope of litigation envisioned by Congress It has been alarming to me to read groups are funded for the purpose of litigat­ when it passed the Legal Services Corpora­ ing and lobbying on behalf of what has tion's 1974 charter. This intent was most statements of many of the people who turned out to be a consistently liberal set of clearly stated by Senator J. Glenn Beall CR.­ direct Legal Services activities. Re­ ideological premises. Although most "pro­ Md.) when he said: "CThe type of cases cently the Cleveland, Ohio, Plain tection and advocacy" programs explicitly which the Legal Services Corporation will Dealer quoted the director of the or implicitly prohibit lobbying the Federal be handling] are not cases which reach Cleveland Legal Aid Society in her de- government, the recipients of "P&A" headlines or front pages of newspapers. But November 20, 1981 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28665 to the poor, every one of these cases is im­ have incurred substantial losses in four decades. As assistant to Senior Vice portant, whether it be the family being man-hours and equipment because of President M. Thomas Moore, John Horton evicted or a mother having her child taken the poor condition of the bridge. In had a front-line responsibility in examining away. Thus the poor provided rep­ alternative fuel sources for the Great Lakes resentation in difficult day-to-day problems 1975, Trooper Mark Hudson was killed maritime industry and designing the Great in such areas as family law, landlord-tenant coming to the aid of a motorist. From Lakes' first coal-fired vessel in many years. problems with employment and consumer 1976 to 1979, two troopers were in­ He was "Red" Horton when, as a tall, cases." jured in the line of duty while aiding lanky redhead, he reported to work Febru­ Whether various activities by Legal Serv­ accident victims on the bridge. This ary 1, 1941 at Cliffs' Cleveland office. He ices recipients are actually illegal under the year TFC Vernon Herron and CPL. was entering a career that was a tradition in specific prohibitions of the Act is difficult to William Vogel were injured in sepa­ his family. The lure of the sea had been es­ judicially establish. In 1977, Congress added rate incidents. tablished early. His grandfather, a construc­ a provision to the Legal Services Act to pro­ The Senate version of the continu­ tion and marine contractor who helped hibit a litigant against a Legal Services build Cleveland's breakwall in Lake Erie, client from raising the validity of that rep­ ing appropriations resolution contains had moved his family to Vermilion aboard resentation in connection with the pending the vitally needed funding that will one of the family's package flat tugs. His lawsuit. Instead, representation questions allow the complete redecking which father had been a captain on the Great were to be referred to the Corporation for includes shoulder areas in both direc­ Lakes for the Pittsburgh Steamship Co. resolution and, presumably, were to be judi­ tions to accommodate disabled vehi­ . Years later, Horton would cially reviewed, if at all, only under stand­ cles. The engineering plans are com­ return to a building the family had owned­ ards which assumed the validity of the Cor­ plete and await the necessary funding. now a popular French restaurant on the poration's very broad determination of the Every delay will only add to the cost Vermilion River-and point out splotches of scope of its jurisdiction. white paint he had dobbed on bare wood Suffice it to say that this costly and par­ of this project-not only in dollars and when, as a boy, he had cleaned brushes for tial procedure for challenging LSC jurisdic­ in the amount of time wasted by mil­ his father. tion had virtually assured that representa­ lions of commuters each day through At Cliffs, Horton was barely into a routine tion decisions, however unlawful, have gone traffic tieups, but also in the lives that when he was excused for military duty largely unchallenged. have been taken as a result of the hor­ during World War II. He served as a deck In spite of the dearth of judicial decisions rendous condition of this bridge. officer on hospital and troop ships in the to provide guidance, however, there are a I urge the conferees to support this U.S. Army's Transpurtation Corps. He re­ vast number of cases in which involvement provision in toto. Anything less will turned November 4, 1946, as a senior clerk by Legal Services recipients would seem to only cause confusion and delay.e in Marine Personnel. be clearly in direct violation on any of a Horton's career was shaped by his deter­ dozen specific statutory restrictions.e mination, his inaginative goals, his great WORLD-CLASS MARITIME MAN sense of vessel service to basic industries, his unequaled knowledge of the Great Lakes, WOODROW WILSON BRIDGE and a number of "colorful" marine depart­ HON. ROBERT W. DAVIS ment managers who guided Cliffs' fleet over HON. STENY H. HOYER OF MICHIGAN the years. OF MARYLAND IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "John always has certain goals he will IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Friday, November 20, 1981 drive for in a very determined way," one former Cliffs executive said. "They have Friday, November 20, 1981 e Mr. DAVIS. Mr. Speaker, a respect­ always been for the betterment of the in­ • Mr. HOYER. Mr. Speaker, I rise in ed Great Lakes seafarer recently re­ dustry and the men who work in it." support of the proviso in the Senate tired after more than 40 years of dedi­ Horton was named marine superintendent version of the continuing appropria­ cated service to the maritime industry in 1950, and manager in 1976. tions resolution which would fully that has recognized him as a "World­ "Horton studies things very thoroughly Class Maritime Man" and that was in­ and follows through on every aspect of a fund the reconstruction of the Wood­ project-really keeping on it until he knows row Wilson Bridge. This is the only strumental in the recent dedication of the John L. Horton Conference Room all the answers." bridge in the country owned by the Described as a great idea man, Horton is Federal Highway Administration, and at the Great Lakes Maritime Acade­ one never satisfied with the ordinary. He is it is only fitting that we provide the my. It is my pleasure to submit the· known for his "crusades" for safety or im­ $60 million needed to repair it. following article about "Red" Horton proved operations and for urging industry The proviso, as introduced by Mary­ from the Cliffs News, while suggesting people to study new concepts. His persist­ land Senators Mathias and Sarbanes, that this man was the epitome of pro­ ence in the face of skepticism led to Cliffs' and Virginia Senator Warner, is sup­ ductivity, efficiency, innovation and current coal-fired vessel project, the first sensitivity to the needs of his men and project of its kind started in the U.S. and ported by the State of Maryland as one of the first in the world. being critical to solving the safety to changing economic conditions within the reaches of the Eighth Sea. Horton's love for the lakes and his deter­ problems of the bridge. mined way of working have gained the re­ Conditions on the bridge have "WORLD-CLASS MARITIME MAN" RETIRES spect of leaders throughout the marine in­ become an increasingly important dustry. He is well-known and frequently issue for its more than 104,000 daily HE WAS "RED" HORTON WHEN, AS A TALL, consulted by people in Washington, D.C. at users. The structure has three serious LANKY REDHEAD, HE REPORTED TO WORK the Maritime Administration, the Coast problems: a severe deterioration of the He sat tall behind his desk, talking intent­ Guard, the Corps of Engineers, the Environ­ concrete deck portion of the structure, ly into the telephone and jotting notes on a mental Protection Agency, and the Navy. a lack of shoulder areas for disabled legal pad. The call was important and the Horton has traveled "to see for myself" caller was receiving the man's full attention, how others operate in the maritime indus­ vehicles, and the existing six lanes even as he leaned back in his chair and try. "He decides who he has to get to know cannot accommodate the present rested his feet on a corner of the desk. The to investigate a particular project and then 100,000 vehicles which pass over the conservation would be a long one. he lines up his contacts. People at all the bridge each day. It was a typical pose for the energetic, de­ agencies know and like him," another col­ Mr. Speaker, one of every four acci­ lightfully youthful man who has been in­ league said. As a result of his pursuits, Cliffs dents occuring on the Washington volved in most of the progress of the Cleve­ has received more than its share of govern­ Beltway takes place on the Woodrow land-Cliffs Marine Division for 40 years. ment grants and funds. Wilson Bridge. Of the 103 accidents on John L. Horton was doing what he liked Horton's personality and interests "are best in the months just before his scheduled the start of a good book," said one col­ the bridge in 1980, 56 resulted in reitrement July 1, 1981. He was spearhead­ league, who like many others in Cliffs' injury or death. ing a major project, reaching out across the Cleveland office, have "Horton anecdotes" The Maryland State Police of the nation to ask advice and to absorb informa­ to share. Forestville Barracks, who are charged tion from marine industry experts he has "He loves strawberries and claims he with traffic control on the bridge, cultivated as friends and colleagues during timed a business trip to Europe one time to 28666 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 20, 1981 correspond with the strawberry season when he was named the first recipient of that the cost of implementing the ad­ there." the Shepheard Award for Achievement in ministration's proposal will be in "Did you know he's a vexillologist? That's Merchant Marine Safety, the nation's high­ someone who researches the history of est marine safety award. He also served as excess of $50 million in the first year flags. He makes flags too." tional Safety Council and was Chairman of ceeding years. "He loves chocolate-can smell it out any­ the Welfare Committee of the Lake Carriers The proposal contains several very where in the office. Open a box and he'll Association for many years. controversial provisions. For example, appear." Moore summed up the admiration John it exempts FAA employees from the "He likes to think of himself as a lover-a Horton has earned: "This man cannot be premium pay cap. It exempts them lover of life and variety, of his wife, Flor­ neatly categorized. He is competent, imagi­ from duel compensation laws relating ence, their family, and of people." native, sensitive, respectful, persistent-a "John is a dreamer in the very best sense world-class maritime man. to military retirees, and it exempts of the word. He has vision and is always "John's sense of sailing life and traditions them from the reemployed annuitant concerned about the future of the industry and his lifelong devotion to the service mis­ provisions of existing law thereby per­ and the quality of the people, their training sion of the Great Lakes vessel industry are mitting a Federal retiree to collect and skills." unequalled. He has made tremendous con­ both his full salary and his full annu­ "He enjoys asking people 'What have you tributions to the industry and to Cliffs. I'm ity. done for me today?' to keep the Marine Di­ grateful for his counsel and assistance. These proposals may be meritorious, vision foremost in their minds, I guess." We're going to miss having him here." "He wrote a book on seamanship in 1942- Curiosity about safety, efficiency and or they may not. Clearly, they deserve still hands it out to people and signs their people have been John Horton's career con­ careful consideration. An initial analy­ copies with wild inscriptions." cerns as he has maneuvered Cliffs' fleet into sis by the committee staff suggests the These human qualities never overshadow many firsts in the company's pioneering tra­ legislative proposal may contain nu­ John Horton's commitment to the manage­ dition. merous technical flaws. ment of the fleet. He played a major role in Curiosity and a sense of adventure will continue to be part of his retirement too. The members of this committee are the design and construction of the three anxious to do whatever we can to fa­ largest vessels in the Cliffs' fleet-the S/S Horton, a graduate of Miami University in Cliffs Victory, the S/S Walter A. Sterling, Oxford, Ohio, plans to enroll in graduate cilitate the recovery of the air traffic and the flagship, the S/S Edward B. level courses at Cleveland State University control system. We have held discus­ Greene. and to continue vacationing at favorite sions with Secretary Lewis regarding Construction of the Cliffs Victory is a places in the Caribbean. the administration's air traffic con­ story in itself. Horton, faced with an imme­ His love of the Great Lakes hasn't dimin­ troller pay legislation, and we have diate need for another ship in 1951, con­ ished since his childhood. He and his wife held, and will continue to hold, exten­ ceived an unheard of plan to convert an will continue to live near Lake Erie in Rocky River, Ohio and sail their 21-foot sive hearings on the air traffic control­ ocean-going ship to a lake vessel within 90 ler work force. This end-run approach days. It called for modifying the hull in Bal­ Lightning class sailboat out of the Cleve­ timore and towing the vessel to New Orle­ land Yachting Club.e however is not an appropriate way to ans and up the Mississippi River to Chicago address this problem. In my view, it is an irresponsible way to legislate and for completion-in only nine feet of water AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER with only inches to spare under 115 bridges. makes a mockery of the legislative Cliffs' success with the venture prompted PROPOSAL process.e others to later follow the plan and led to the making of a movie "A Victory for Cliffs" HON. WILLIAM D. FORD that was distributed to service groups for 25 OF MICHIGAN AMERICA'S INFRASTRUCTURE IS years. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES WEARING OUT Horton's plans converted the Cliffs' fleet from coal to steam turbines, led to the first Friday, November 20, 1981 automated single boiler ships in the world • Mr. FORD of Michigan. Mr. Speak­ HON. JAMES L. OBERST AR in the 1950s and to the first oil-fired fleet er, last night, as an amendment to the OF MINNESOTA which resulted in crew reductions and im­ portant economies for the company. continuing resolution, the Senate IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES His significant accomplishments also in­ adopted the entire air traffic control­ Friday, November 20, 1981 clude successful testing of oil from shale as ler legislative proposal just recently a transportation fuel on the S/S Edward B. submitted by Secretary of Transporta­ e Mr. OBERSTAR. Mr. Speaker, this Greene. He also negotiated construction tion Lewis. This proposal was intro­ week the House Public Works and contracts for Cliffs' first self-unloaders and duced in the House only yesterday Transportation Subcommittee on Eco­ managed the Sterling's conversion. He is (H.R. 5038) by Mr. DERWINSKI, the nomic Development, which I have the known for his expertise in other areas too, ranking minority member of the com­ honor to chair, held 2 days of hearings including food costs and navigation condi­ mittee, at the request of the adminis­ on economic development policy for tions at each port. the decade of the 1980's. Horton was the key man in establishing tration, and was referred to the Com­ Cliffs' technical reputation with Detroit mittee on Post Office and Civil Service Our distinguished witness list includ­ Edison Company for the first 1,000-foot for its consideration. The administra­ ed Dr. Pat Choate, senior policy ana­ vessel project. In short, his contributions to tion and the other body are clearly lyst, Economics, TRW, who is known the company and to "my fleet" are impor­ trying a legislative end run around the to many of us as the coauthor of tant and numerous. House and its committee system. This "America in Ruins," perhaps the de­ No single cause has motivated him more, is unfortunate. finitive documentation of the wearing however, than fleet safety. His deep involve­ This proposal requires careful con­ out of this Nation's infrastructure. ment in shipboard safety practices and im­ proved equipment positioned Cliffs as a sideration before enactment. It singles Mr. Speaker, this Nation's future leader in Great Lakes safety. Prior to statu­ out one small group of employees for economic growth is fully dependent on tory requirements and as a direct result of special pay and benefits at a time viable infrastructure: The transporta­ his efforts, Cliffs initiated the use of when all other Federal employees; for tion, communications, water supply, monkey ropes on lifeboats and VERY example, FBI agents, Defense scien­ wastewater, and other public capital pistols. It added lights and whistles tists, NASA engineers, are being asked investments in which we have previ­ to life jackets to aid night recovery and to sacrifice. Its special treatment is not ously invested so much national treas­ modified jacket design to prevent men from It ure. slipping out of them. Through Horton's ef­ limited to air traffic controllers. ap­ forts, a ladder with non-skid steps rather plies to many other FAA employees. It This treasure has been neglected to than rungs was develoed for Great Lakes would provide additional pay. Al­ the point where, soon, we will face in­ boats. though we have not yet obtained a superable replacement costs, if we do He became "Mr. Safety" on the Great cost estimate of the bill from the Con­ not pay the replacement costs, if we Lakes, a reputation earned even before 1976 gressional Budget Office, we estimate do not pay the repair bills now. November 20, 1981 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28667 I invite my colleagues to read Dr. vestments that are necessary to underpin tions. Moreover, in the absence of a longer Choate's full, illuminating, and alarm­ the revitalization of our economy. For at term strategy, it is often difficult to main­ ing analysis of the current condition least two decades, all levels of government tain a coalition that can sustain a long-term have reduced public works expenditures on project no matter how vital it may be. Un­ of America's infrastructure, and ac­ maintenance, rehabilitation and new con­ fortunately, many of the nation's most im­ tions for the future which he recom­ struction in order to balance budgets, portant public works challenges-such as re­ mends. reduce taxes and finance a growing array of building the Interstate Highway System TESTIMONY OF PAT CHOATE, SENIOR POLICY social programs. In spite of clear evidence of and assuring clean and adequate water sup­ ANALYST-ECONOMICS, TRW deterioration, the non-inflated value of plies-will take a decade or more to finance Mr. Chairman, it is a pleasure to be here public works investments by all levels of and construct. today to discuss with you a topic of such government declined from $33.7 billion in Third, in the absence of a coherent na­ vital importance to our nation and its com­ 1965 to less than $24 billion in 1980-a 30 tional public works investment strategy munities. percent real decline. investment requirements for West, urban, suburban and rural-the basic cilities, substantially more funds will be the nation's public facilities cannot be sys­ public facilities that underpin our economy needed in the 1980's than have been avail­ tematically and thoughtfully considered are wearing out faster than they are being able in the 1970's. The better and more cre­ against other important public investment replaced and repaired. Thus, a large and ative use of financing techniques-such as responsibilities such as defense and social growing number of communities are now more extensive use of user fees, privatiza­ requirements-areas where there are con­ hamstrung in their economic revitalization tion or public/private leasing-can raise solidated budgets and long-term investment efforts because their basic public facilities­ some of these funds. At the same time, more estimates. streets, roads, water systems and sewerage purchasing power can be obtained from Finally, as public facility investments treatment plants-are too limited, too obso­ those funds that are available through the were ignored and deferred in the 1970's so lete or too worn out to sustain a modernized elimination of waste and fraud-efficiencies that the limited public funds could finance economy. that can flow from improved management a growing list of social expenditures, public For example, a Department of Commerce and aggressive Congressional oversight. works investments could again be ignored survey of the wastewater treatment capac­ Yet even with the extensive use of imagi­ and deferred in the 1980's because of other ities of 6,870 communities found that over native financing and honest, competent more visible calls on the public treasury. 3,000-46 percent-of these systems were op­ management, simply will not be possible to The time has come for the federal govern­ erating at 80 percent or more of capacity. A generate the $2-3 trillion needed to rebuild ment to bring coherence and stability to its system operating at this level of capacity America's public facilities. There are too public works activities. The first and most generally cannot accommodate additional many other compelling public and private important step in this process is the cre­ industrial load. The same survey indicated demands on the limited capital that will be ation and use of a national capital budget. that water treatment and distribution sys­ available in the 1980's. To put the issue in A national capital budget would consist of tems were operating at effective full capac­ perspective, the Department of Transporta­ six basic components: ity in a third of these communities. Other tion reports that over $800 billion will be re­ An inventory of the nation's public facili­ studies by the Department of Transporta­ quired in this decade to retain just the ties, coupled with an assessment of their tion have documented that one in every five present levels of service on the nation's non­ physical condition. An estimate of capital bridges now require major rehabilitation or urban highways; yet this is an amount investment needs. An estimate of required closure and that as much as twenty percent greater than all of the public works invest­ operation and maintenance expenditures. of the Interstate Highway System is beyond ments made by all levels of government in The identification of sources of financing. its designed engineered life, is worn out and the decade of the 1970's. The specification of priorities. The identifi­ now requires total rebuilding. Clearly, difficult choices must be made­ cation of the responsible institutions. A number of studies have attempted to choices that will exert profound influences By providing a framework in which policy, measure the importance of these public on the national economy, the quality of life legislative and management decisions can be works on the investment and location deci­ of all citizens and the shape and direction of considered, a national capital budget can sions of individual firms. The most compre­ virtually every community's development. hensive of these studies was a Census help the President and Congress bring co­ Bureau survey conducted in the mid-1970's. The principal barrier to making these herence to the nation's difficult public Over 2,000 firms operating in 254 distinct choices in a considered manner is the ab­ works investment decisions. Such a basic product classes were examined. For virtual­ sence of a public works investment strategy management tool can also help bring stabili­ ly all 254 industry categories studied, the as embodied in a national capital budget. ty and certainty to federal decisions-a sta­ survey found that the availability of public Today, the United States has no inventory bility that will permit state and local gov­ works facilities was either of critical or sig­ of its public facilities; there is no assessment ernments to better plan and manage their nificant importance to investment and loca­ of the condition of existing facilities; there public works responsibilities. tion decisions by the private firms. While are no standards for the services to be pro­ But most important, a national capital not a sufficient condition for private invest­ vided by public facilities; there are no in­ budget can permit the President and Con­ ment, the availability of public facilities was vestment strategies and no investment pri­ gress to carefully consider the nation's ag­ virtually always a necessary condition-an orities; there is no uniform estimate of gregate public works needs against the na­ important distinction for public policy. future investment requirements; there is no tion's aggregate defense and social needs­ Moreover, the survey revealed that public basic agreement among the federal, state permitting a balance in investments not now facilities were almost always a very much and local governments on the allocation of possible. more important locational consideration to authority and responsibility for the financ­ The rebuilding of the nation's public firms than were the more visible federal, ing, construction and operation of specific works is a difficult but critical task that state and local tax incentives or the avail­ types of projects; and there is only the most must be faced. Our success in meeting this ability of industrial revenue bond financing. limited oversight by the federal government challenge will largely determine our success Thus, when the deteriorated condition of over those federal public works expendi­ in rebuilding our economy and maintaining all these public facilities essential to private tures that are made-particularly those even the present quality of life of our citi­ sector investment are considered, it becomes made in the form of block grants or revenue zens. The most fundamental step in meeting clear that the overwhelming majority of the sharing. this challenge is the creation and use of a nation's communities-perhaps as much as In the absence of such basic policy and national capital budget. three quarters-will be unable to support management information and a national Thank you for the opportunity to share modernized development until major new capital budget, many unintended and un­ my views with you this morning.e investments are made in the basic public fa­ wanted consequences are produced. cilities that undergird their economy. First, no overall view is taken of the na­ Well-conceived public works are not pork­ tion's public works needs, the role of the re­ FINANCIAL CIRCLE LEADER barrel. Indeed, investment in public facili­ spective levels of government in meeting ties is as essential for national and local eco­ these needs, or how individual federal in­ HON. MARGARET M. HECKLER nomic renewal as investment in a renewed vestments relate to each other or to any industrial plant. Indeed, public works, along long-term strategy. OF MASSACHUSETTS with public education and publicly spon­ Second, the short term is favored over the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sored research, are the only "supply-side" long term. Budgets operate on a two to Friday, November 20, 1981 investments that government itself makes. three year cycle which thus biases the Yet in the case of public works, the nation budget process towards projects that can be • Mrs. HECKLER. Mr. Speaker, since is simply not making those public work in- financed in one or perhaps two appropria- colonial days the progress and pros- 28668 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 20, 1981 perity of New England have been Hill recalled recently. The placement officer was tht:: immediate predecessor to Hill as closely linked with the development of "looked at me and said: 'Dick I think you chairman of the college's Board of Trustees a thriving financial community in our ought to be a banker.' He didn't have the and has worked closely with him for five faintest idea of who I was." years. region. Not only in an economic sense, Hill had never heard of either bank. But "I find him to be extremely quick, he has but also as a driving force in civic and after going home to Salem he headed for a fine intellect and he knows exactly how to cultural advancement, New England's Boston. "When I got off the subway I just apply it to substantive issues in a very effi­ financial community has for centuries happened to turn right and this was the cient and productive manner. He's fun to been an integral partner in providing a first bank I came to. That's how careers are work with," McLaughlin said of Hill. better life for millions of people. made," Hill said in one of his frequent exhi­ Asked what he likes most about Hill, One of the undisputed leaders of bitions of dry humor and quips. McLaughlin responded, "His humanness. New England's financial circle is a Since the day he landed the $15-a-week He's a very natural person with a great in­ job at the First, Hill has become the most terest in others." man who epitomizes the long tradi­ important banker in the most important tional of active concern and involve­ Hill grew up in Salem where his father bank in New England. It is a position, he was a lawyer and a district court judge. His ment in civic affairs-Richard D. Hill, says convincingly, on which he never had early schooling was slightly marred by a chairman of the board of the First Na­ designs. teacher who said he was bright enough to tional Boston Corp. "I never planned to become president or skip the fifth grade. "That was the year For 10 years the chairman of the chairman but I had hoped I would be a they taught long division and I've had trou- • parent company of the First National senior officer. In terms of planning ahead ble with it ever since," said Hill, who now Bank of Boston, Dick Hill has rightly for my career, I think I would have been lives in Marblehead. perfectly satisfied with a job at a lower level As a student in Salem, Hill recalls, "I got earned the reputation of being "the and obviously at somewhat lower compensa­ most influential bank president in reasonably good marks but never in the val­ tion," said the 62-year-old Hill, who last edictory level. I was kind of a lazy student New England." A far-seeing and bril­ year received remuneration in excess of because things came to me easily and I liant businessman, he has in the last $330,000. didn't work terribly hard." decade worked to strengthen and mod­ In the 10 years Hill has been head of the In high school in Salem, Hill was active in ernize the bank's operations-and in First National Boston Corp., the bank's parent, the assets of the company have various extracurricular activities and his those 10 years has presided over a grown four-fold, from slightly more than $4 talent as a clarinet player h<:lped him quadrupling of the First National billion to today's total of $16.2 billion. The become the leader of the school's symphony Boston Corp.'s assets. bank has developed a number of new sophis­ orchestra. At the same time Dick Hill has de­ ticated banking services, including its com­ He then went to Phillips Exeter Academy voted himself to helping the people of puter leasing operations, and it has expand­ "because my mother thought I was too ed its locations to the point where it is a young to go to college." At Exeter, Hill was Boston build a better life for them­ part of a dance orchestra that was good selves. He is a central figure not only truly international bank. Along with running the bank and its hold­ enough to get a contract to play on Cunard in economic development-as a former ing company, Hill has been a central figure passenger ships between New York and head of the Vault, an unofficial finan­ in most major developments involving the Liverpool during the summer following his cial coordinating committee that economic health of Boston and Massachu­ graduation. brings together the heads of Boston's setts. He recently stepped down as the head Although his father was a trustee of Tufts largest and most influential firms-but of The Vault, an unofficial financial coordi­ University and Hill had always t.hought he also in countless civic projects. His nating committee whose members are the would go there, he ended up at Lartmouth, work as a member of the Boston Com­ heads of the largest and most influential a school his mother liked because it was all businesses in Boston. He is a member of the male. mittee, established by the mayor of While completing his major in economics Boston to ease racial tensions within Boston Committee, a four-member group appointed by Mayor Kevin H. White to help at Dartmouth, Hill continued his musical the city, is only one example of his lessen racial hostilities in the city. activities, founding a dance orchestra called active concern in facing the crucial A man of average height and medium "The Green Collegians", which played big issues of our time. build, Hill is noted for his understated attire band and swing music at local high school Throughout his life, Dick Hill has and a subdued manner, attributes uncom­ and fraternity gatherings. shown that hard work and a keen in­ mon to big bank chief executives, who often Looking back at his college days, Hill said tellect remain the keys to success in appear paranoid. he regrets choosing a "three-two" plan which gave him three years of undergradu­ our society. As a businessman as chair­ In describing the role and the influence of the institution he heads, Hill says he does ate liberal arts studies and two years at the man of the board of trustees of his be­ not believe the company has as much power Amos Tuck School. "It was a mistake for loved alma mater, Dartmouth Col­ in the city as is generally believed. me. The trouble with that system is that I lege-as a public figure-and as a de­ "It's a perception on the part of others missed my fourth year of liberal arts. The voted husband to his lovely wife, that may not be absolutely accurate. senior year is the time when you really Polly, and father to three fine chil­ "We do not have very many votes either should get the most out of liberal arts. dren-he typifies the ideal of the com­ in Boston or in Massachusetts and we have That's when you've grown up enough to plete citizen. a great deal of competition both within New know what courses you should select and I Dick Hill's accomplishments are a England and from institutions outside of missed that." New England. To the extent that we unwise­ Spending his senior year at the business valuable example of the American ly or unfairly try to exercise this power school did allow Hill to complete college be­ system at its best. I wish to call to the we're talking about. I'm sure our competi­ cause the Navy recruited his class to serve attention of my colleagues the follow­ tion would come in and take some of it away as ensigns in World War II, contingent on ing profile of Richard D. Hill-pub­ from us." their graduation from Tuck. lished in the October 25 edition of the As to how he fits in the affairs of the city During his naval training at Dartmouth, Boston Sunday Globe-which captures and the region, Hill said: "I really look at Hill decided he would join the newly formed the spirit of this outstanding man: my own role as having a great deal of re­ bomb disposal forces after hearing the sales sponsibility and a rather limited amount of pitch of a young lieutenant. "DICK, I THINK You OUGHT To BE A power." "He made it sound very difficult to get BANKER" Mayor White, who has known Hill the into and he also pointed out it was a small (By Donald Lowery) entire time the two have served in their re­ group with a great deal of espirit de corps Several days after he should have, in the spective posititions, said: "I like Dick Hill. and we could participate in picking our as­ spring of 1941, Richard Devereux Hill went It's both affection and admiration. He's a signments." to see a placement officer at the Amos Tuck man with an independent mind. I consider Hill spent most of his time in the Solomon School of Business at Dartmouth College. this rare in both politics and business." Islands and says the only time he was ever His aim was to secure one of the jobs stu­ White compared Hill favorably with past worried about his safety was when he was dents were required to take in the summer heads of Boston businesses who have taken ordered to defuse Japanese bombs that were between their two years in the program. leadership roles in civic activities. "I think resting in shallow waters off the shore of a The New Hampshire school "had two jobs he really cares about the city." White said. South Pacific Island. left in Boston, one with the First National David T. McLaughlin, the recently ap­ "They had a barge up above me with the Bank and one with the National Shawmut," pointed president of Dartmouth College, air pump that supplied me air through a November 20, 1981 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28669 hose. When I got down to where I thought 200th anniversary of the First National only wonder where America would be today the bomb was located, the barge all of a Bank, Hill does not hesitate when asked had it not been able to turn in time of crisis sudden moved away just about as far as what he hopes will be said about him when to these selfless, dedicated leaders-people they could move it, as far as they could he departs. such as Eisenhower, Nimitz, Bohlen, and stretch the air hose. It indicated to me they "I hope they say that he left behind a countless others, both civilian and military. didn't have much confidence in my ability good bank with good successor management Still, in days past those who toiled for the to deal with that bomb. and possibly, in the process, contributed government did have the satisfaction of After his tour of duty, Hill received a spe­ something to the improvement to the place knowing that increased responsibility cial citation from Admiral W. F. Halsey, we live. brought with it more pay-as elsewhere. If commander of the South Pacific Fleet, for an up-and-coming Navy captain was selected developing a fuse for personnel mines as an for promotion to rear admiral, not only did emergency defensive measure in the field PUTTING A CAP ON LEADERSHIP two stars replace his old insignia of rank, during the Solomon Island campaign. but his paycheck and other forms of com­ Hill returned to the bank after the war HON. FRANK R. WOLF pensation received a sizable boost. To be and about three years later made the move OF VIRGINIA sure, much more was demanded and expect­ that began his corporate ascent. He orga­ ed of him, but at least he had more than a nized an operation at the bank that enabled IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES title and his new insignia to show for his ac­ independent trucking company franchises Friday, November 20, 1981 complishments. to bypass the normal time-consuming settle­ • Mr. WOLF. Mr. Speaker, an excel­ Who would believe, though, that under ment of accounts between themselves when today's ridiculous-beyond-belief ground carrying freight through each other's terri­ lent editorial appeared in the Novem­ rules regulating pay for our government ex­ tory. The bank established accounts with ber 1981 issue of Sea Power magazine. ecutives the same up-and-coming captain the companies and settled accounts between As the article points out not only do later could become the Chief of Naval Oper­ the trucking companies. those in government service deserve ations, a pinnacle five promotions up the As he worked on that operation, the bank better, but above all, so do the taxpay­ ladder, and not receive an additional dollar handled a credit request for what today is ers and citizens, deserve the best. We in base pay? Or that by the fall of 1982, the Ryder Systems Inc. truck rental and under current pay-increase plans for both leasing company, and Hill handled the cannot allow the exodus of top man­ agement talent from the Federal Gov­ civilians and the military, which put an credit request. upper limit or "cap" on compensation for "Because it was a new field for banking ernment to continue. I ask that the senior executives, his pay-as CNO-would and we got there first, it was a great oppor­ text of this article be printed at this be surpassed by that of a middle grade GS- tunity for us. We became known as a bank point in the RECORD. with a lot of expertise in the trucking indus­ 14, a Civil Service rating ranked as the pro­ try." The trucking business mushroomed in PuTTING A CAP ON LEADERSHIP tocol equivalent of a Navy commander? To subsequent years and Hill earned a reputa­ Few Americans realize it, but unrealistic say the least, that kind of practice hardly tion as one of the more able young bankers compensation limits imposed by Congress serves as an incentive to continue serving at the First. on the rest of government virtually guaran­ the government in uniform! Hill became a loan officer at the bank in tee that the most talented people in our In fact, a recitation of the havoc pay caps 1948, a full vice president in 1955 and presi­ naval and military forces, and in the federal are wreaking might commence with those dent in 1966. civilian work force as well, will leave govern­ words we came to know as children-"Once "Banking was always fun," Hill said. ment service and seek employment in the upon a time . . ."-because it sounds almost "Right from the start, the thing I liked private sector instead. like a fairy tale. And not one that ends hap­ most about banking, and still do, is the fact Thousands already have. Many more pily, either! Here are some of the more chill­ that it brings us into daily association with thousands are likely to join them in the ing examples of the results of this short­ high-ranking businessmen. In a bank you very near future unless immediate remedial sighted, poliitically expedient policy which are dealing with people who make policies action is taken. a combination of executive and legislative in a company. You are dealing with the Now, while I have great respect for the branch decisions have inflicted upon gov­ heart and soul of a company and that's men and women of the U.S. Congress, and ernment executives: fun," he said. for the weighty and sometimes intractable The pay at five-repeat, five-levels of Along with his dealings with executives of problems that they have to solve, I think government service is frozen at the same other businesses, Hill said his most reward­ that on occasion they seem to "take their dollar level. ing personal experiences in his career have eyes off the ball." The recent "pay cap" Some 33,000 civilians and slightly over been the friendships developed with other issue is, in my opinion, such an occasion, 1,000 generals and admirals are included in international bankers, including Sir Antho­ and I believe it is time for someone to speak the freeze. And, as Congress legislates new ny Tuke, former chairman of Barclay's out about it. pay increases for those on the lower end of Bank Ltd. of London; Isao Masanune, chair­ While it has not been stylish for the past the scale, that number obviously will grow. man of the Industrial Bank of Japan; and 50 years to worry about raising compensa­ In the past 11 years, government execu­ Akira Kawasaki of the Bank of Tokyo. tion levels at the "high end" of our society­ tives affected by the pay cap have received Hill is the father of a daughter, and two quite the contrary sometimes-and while it but three pay raises, amounting to a collec­ sons, the youngest of whom is a banker in may be hard to feel concerned about the tive total of 43 percent. In that same time the Seattle office of the Continental Illinois economic conditions of people making span, private-business-sector executives National Bank & Trust Co. Pursuit of his $50,000 a year, let's turn it over and look at have averaged pay increases of 116 percent career, he said, was not to the detriment of the other side. Business and industry have and General Schedule government em­ his family life. long since learned that intelligent compen­ ployees 118 percent-and the government's "I made it kind of a rule to try not to be sation administration is the cornerstone for hourly-earning index and Consumer Price out more than two nights during the week. retaining and motivating the outstanding Index both increased by more than 130 per­ Because we had the same sporting interest, performer. Far from establishing policies cent. we all like to ski, we all like to sail, when the which result in a flattening or leveling off At least partly as a result, the retirement kids were college age and beyond we saw a as one is promoted to higher and higher re­ rate for career government employees lot of them because we rented a ski place in sponsibility, they try to bend the curve in whose pay is capped has soared-from 17.6 New Hampshire and they'd come up almost the other direction and provide extraordi­ percent of those eligible to retire in March every weekend." nary compensation for those who perform 1978 to 57.1 percept of those eligible to Today, Hill is still a fan of swing and big in an extraordinary manner-in the intelli­ retire in March 1980. band music, and his fellow clarinet players gent self-interest of the company. Any colonel or captain drawing bonus pay Benny Goodman and Artie Shaw are among Throughout its history, our country has of any kind makes more than any flag or his favorites. Although he no longer plays been most fortunate in attracting to public general officer in the armed services who is for money, Hill does occasionally join service outstanding, capable men and not drawing bonus pay. friends to play Dixieland music. women whose talents contributed immense­ What causes all this is that, by act of Con­ A recreational sailor since his early teens, ly to our attaining-and maintaining-great­ gress, the pay of senior military and civilian Hill once was very active in competitive ness in the world. Perhaps even more re­ executives in the government cannot exceed racing but he had to drop it because of the markable is the fact that so many elected to Executive Level V which use of it? And if you have children to edu- and in turn causes need not to be met, then maintained the current pay rates for senior November 20, 1981 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28671 level executives .dvan­ Holy :Pather named the Most Rever­ ings of the Second Vatican Council. tage and avoiding any possibility of a po!it- end Joseph McShea to be Bishop of On May 1, 1968, after 18 months of cal flap rather than worrying about Amer­ the new See of Allentown. preparation, the First Synod of Allen­ ica, then the ultimate cost to our country Two months later, on April 11, town was celebrated, establishing a set ili be frighteningly high. The time has Bishop Joseph McShea was installed C"'me for Congress to wake up, to face the of 110 general norins and regulations facts, to cease and desist. And it also is time as the founding bishop of the new Dio­ to govern its maturing life. This synod for its members to be told by their constitu­ cese of Allentown in the Cathedral of has been hailed as one of the first and ents to alter this ridiculous policy. For not St. Catharine of Siene. most successful diocesan synods in the only do those in government service deserve "This diocese begins its life with Nation after the Second Vatican better, but above all so do we, as taxpayers countless resources, but most of all it Council. and citizens, deserve the best!e has almost a quarter of a million In addition to its building and educa­ Catholic souls," Bishop McShea said, tional prograins, the Diocese of Allen­ BISHOP McSHEA: A MAN OF adding: town has been the center for two na­ VISION "This is a day of birth. The Diocese tional movements. of Allentown springs forth as another flowering of the Catholic Church, the The first, National Shut-In Day, was HON. DON RITTER mighty tree born of the smallest founded in Reading in October 1970. It OF PENNSYLVANIA gained nationwide recognition in 1972 seeds • • •" IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Twenty years later, a combination of when President Nixon signed a con­ Friday, November 20, 1981 gressional resolution establishing the work and prayer has had marvelous third Sunday of October as Shut-In •Mr. RITTER. Mr. Speaker, the effects on the growth of those seeds which have become the Diocese of Al­ Day. Lehigh Valley of Pennsylvania, whose The second, Operation Rice Bowl, people I am proud to serve, is an area lentown. Much of that work and prayer has come from Bishop was founded in the Allentown area in rich in tradition. A melting pot of 1975 by clergymen of varying faiths. It many ethnic groups, it has developed a McShea's own hands and heart-a heart which is always willing to give has spread to Catholic dioceses religious heritage which is as diverse throughout the United States, raising as it is devout. and to do good for his fell ow man. Among those in the religious com­ An April 9, 1981, editorial in the several million dollars during the past munity, as in the larger community of Philadelphia Catholic Standard and 5 years, of which $700,000 was contrib­ which we are all a part, a select few Times states that "in a world and in a uted by Catholics of the Allentown Di­ shine above the rest. The Most Rever­ church rocked by turmoil during the ocese alone. In August 1980, Bishop McShea end Joseph McSh~a. first Bishop of past two decades, the Diocese of Allen­ the Diocese of Allentown, is one of town has shown an enviable stability mandated that a basic catechism those few whom God has blessed with and progress." would be used in all religion classes in special gifts and talents to better serve Under Bishop McShea's leadership the diocese. The Standard and Times His people. in the early 1960's, a $7.5 million edu­ called the bishop's decision "an action As the founding bishop of the Dio­ cation expansion program was under­ which could and should set a pattern cese of Allentown, Bishop McShea has taken, a goal exceeded by more than for diocese throughout the United used those gifts wisely to benefit not $4 million. An editorial in the secular States." only the people of his own church and press called it "a new standard for sup­ In 1961, Bishop McShea called the diocese, but also Catholics and non­ porting worthwhile causes • • • a mag­ Catholic families of the diocese to Catholics alike in the five-county dio­ nificent tribute to the vision, courage, work and pray for the sake of the new cese area. and leadership of Bishop McShea." diocese. In 1981, he calls the Catholic On December 6, Bishop McShea will More than 200 buildings have been families to work and pray for the sake celebrate the 50th anniversary of his constructed, purchased, or completely of the families themselves, saying, ordination. In recognition of this occa­ renovated in the diocese. In 1963, Holy "Family life, of course, is the key to sion, Bishop McShea will celebrate a Family Manor was opened in Bethle­ good community, civil, and political Pontifical Mass of Thanksgiving at the hem to care for the elderly. In 1964, life." Cathedral Church of Saint Catharine Allentown College was established in As for the future, Bishop McShea of Siena in Allentwon. The celebration Center Valley through the inspiration stated in February that he is focusing will continue with a Golden Jubilee of Bishop McShea. In 1968, Archbish­ especially on three areas of pastoral Banquet in his honor. op Luigi Raimondi, then Apostolic care: Campus ministry, ministry to the Born on February 22, 1907, in Lat­ Delegate to the United States of Hispanics, and pastoral hospital minis­ timer, Pa., he entered Saint Charles America, dedicated a $2.8 million ex- try. 28672 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 20, 1981 "Much has been accomplished up to He is going to keep on driving down infla­ Congress to take up. The main issues are re­ the present," he said, "but I would tion. He is going to keep on cutting the gov­ determination clauses and the most-favored­ think that in the next year or so we ernment down to size. And he is going to nation clauses in contracts and the access to keep right on dismantling the regulatory offshore gas in both interstate and intra­ can do even more." apparatus that has stifled our Nation's state markets. During the past 20 years, the Dio­ progress, weakened our resolve and dimmed Now, what will this do for you? Our stud­ cese of Allentown has grown from the light of leadership to which so many ies show that there will be increased conser­ 243,260 in a total population of 897,325 other countries look for solace, support and vation that will help us back out of the use to 260,157 Catholics in a total popula­ security. of imported oil. tion of 1,032,343. Much of this growth We think we are doing our share. We're The price will go up moderately but at a can be attributed to the wisdom and not so sure sometimes if industry is always manageable rate. The residential price of courage of Bishop McShea. His fore­ accepting its share. After years of coddling, natural gas is already climbing at 5 to 10 some sectors of American industry are a percent a year in real terms. Our study, re­ sight has allowed those few seeds of 20 little afraid of competition. This Adminis­ years ago to blossom into a prosperous leased last week, provides examples of the tration believes that competition is in every­ impact of decontrol options. We estimate and faithful Catholic community one's interest. The oil companies are back in that under phased decontrol the price whose members work and pray togeth­ the business of competing with each other; would go up 10 to 15 percent. That means er as the larger family of Christ of other sectors, including the gas industry, we hope will accept the same set of rules. the average residential buyer will pay 40 to which they are all a part. The national debt has just exceeded a tril­ 80 dollars a year more for gas. In the long­ I am happy to serve Bishop McShea lion dollars. That's more money than even a run, the consumer will pay roughly the as a Congressman, and I am proud to New York banker can comprehend. Think same for gas. And we'll avoid the sudden, call him my friend. His 50 years of of it this way: If we sold every acre of farm­ sharp price hike in 1985 that is built into service should serve as an inspiration land in America, all the grain and livestock, the NGPA. That hike would directly cost to us an .• all the machinery-everything-the pro­ the consumer about $170 in one year plus ceeds would just about cover our debt. the inflationary effects that such a price We've already taken the ax to the Depart­ shock to the economy would cause. Our pro­ FUTURE OUTLOOK-NATURAL ment of Energy's paperwork requirements. posal will have a minimal impact on infla­ GAS More reductions in paperwork are on the tion and on the Gross National Product and way. But just because industry doesn't have a negligible impact on unemployment. to fill out as many government forms-that We realize that some of the pipelines HON. JAMES M. COLLINS doesn't mean anything goes. There are will-in the short-run-find that decontrol OF TEXAS plenty of risks. Some of them are already puts a crimp in their way of doing business. evident. Very few oil companies are making And we realize that some gas distribution IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES money these days in their downstream busi­ companies are afraid that higher prices will Friday, November 20, 1981 ness. In order to compete, gasoline is some­ reduce demand for gas. times being sold under cost. Who would It comes down to all of us paying a little e Mr. COLLINS of Texas. Mr. Speak­ have thought even a year ago that the gov­ more for natural gas on an interest-free in­ er, America is seriously concerned ernment was not going to perpetually guar­ stallment plan, or facing a politically unac­ about the future of natural gas. A antee dealers and oil companies a comforta­ ceptable crisis in 1985. sound evaluation of the outlook was ble rate of return through the Department No one should think that come 1985 we'll made in a recent speech by Secretary of Energy's price controls? just roll over and let the NGPA be fixed up of Energy, James B. Edwards. He The gas industry, too, needs to realize so gas remains subsidized. If we don't start spoke before the American Gas Asso­ that controls on the price of gas aren't fixing the NGPA now, there will be a spike going to last much longer. We can't afford in 1985. That will throw the market into dis­ ciation in Washington, D.C. to keep paying a subsidy everytime a Btu of He emphasized the need for America array. In addition, some consumers will be natural gas is burned in America. Correcting hurt a lot more than others because of in­ to be realistic and for Congress to take the deficiencies in the Natural Gas Policy equitable access to cheaper price-controlled the leadership in moving toward im­ Act is still on our agenda. I know a few of gas. mediate deregulation of natural gas. you are not convinced that decontrol is in President Reagan is asking all of us to Here are the major sections from the your best interests. We're convinced that it make sacrifices; that includes not just the speech of November 18, by Secretary is in the Nation's best interest. The President is as committed to getting consumer and the taxpayer, but the produc­ of Energy Edwards. the government out of regulating the price ers, transporters and distributors of our I suspect that early on after the election of natural gas as he was during the cam­ energy. There may be a few gas companies last year, many of you were not yet con­ paign. I expect to continue consultations for whom accelerated decontrol would cause vinced that this Administration was really with Congress and look forward to being genuine hardship; but, while there will be going to keep its promises. Or that our ef­ able to submit legislation early next spring. some shifts in the market, no catastrophes forts to deregulate our Nation's energy We don't intend to call for a windfall profits await any of the pipelines and distributors. market would really work. By now, I think tax. Our studies show that the production of most of you are firm believers in our com­ The Cabinet Council's proposal to the gas will not slacken immediately because of mitment. President, which he has under consider­ decontrol. Instead, the assurance of decon­ Everyone-even the critics who predicted ation, is to correct the deficiencies in the trol will provide the market incentive to de­ no one would be able to afford gasoline-can present NGPA. Now, what are these defi­ velop new fields and to explore for more see that oil decontrol has been a smashing ciencies? First, price. The experts projected gas. And we're pursuing passage of the success. In most parts of the country, gaso­ that the price of oil in 1985 would be about Alaska Natural Gas Pipeline waiver package lines costs less now than it did earlier in the 16 dollars a barrel. We all know what has in Congress. If built, it will expand the year. And, for the first time in recent happened in that market. Second, after the amount of gas available in the lower 48. memory, the average cost of home heating NGPA runs its course, 40 percent of the old In short, this Administration is doing its fuel actually declined a little last month. gas will still remain controlled. We recom­ utmost to see to it that there will be plenty But, Washington is undergoing a major mend that all old, as well as new gas, be de­ of energy available. We think the gas indus­ transformation. There's a new spirit in the controlled over a three-year period. The try has a bright future-but only if the gov­ capital these days. I'm sure all of you realize third item to correct is restrictions to the ernment gets out of the way and leaves it up that this President is different from other use of natural gas under the Fuel Use Act to industry to match supply and demand. presidents we've had. Even the bureaucracy and incremental pricing. Fourth, we have Decontrol will create a stable, predictable is finding that out. He's made promises that recommended that a new category be cre­ market, one where the rules of the game he intends to keep. He's given us marching ated for newly discovered gas, but the price aren't subject to change everytime a bunch orders that he expects us to follow. And he's will be capped off at the Btu equivalent of of bureaucrats and liberal congressmen set the Nation on a course from which he oil. This discourages a person from discover­ decide to interfere. has no intention of deviating. This Presi­ ing new gas and holding it off the market I realize it isn't easy for a company to sac­ dent isn't just a man you work for. He's an until decontrol is completed. We're propos­ rifice short-term earnings because of a long­ inspiration. He inspires ordinary men and ing to set the maximum price at about 70 term promise from the government. These women to greatness. He wants us to put our percent of the oil equivalent. days, we are all in the habit of being too narrow interests aside and to stop playing There are other non-price issues that present-oriented. Rest assured that the lib­ politics with the Nation's future. must be considered, and these we expect the eral's roller coaster ride is over. The rules November 20, 1981 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28673 ' aren't going to keep on changing, and the THE TRUTH ABOUT " REAGANOMICS" Second, the government could increase its economy isn't going to keep on declining. spending in order to stimulate the economy. This President realizes that if we don't Mr. Kristal is professor of social thought. at The logical candidate for such an increase turn the country around now, if we don't the NYU Graduate School of Business, a would be in the area of defense expendi­ stop bickering among ourselves about who is senior fellow of the American Enterprise tures-since we're going to spend that going to accept the responsibility, and if we Institute and a member of the Journal's money in any case, why not spend more of it don't restore our confidence in ourselves, Board of Contributors. now rather than later? The trouble with this country is lost. America is not yet out this strategy is that government spending On or about Oct. 1, the American econo­ takes its time to have any effect, and it usu­ of the woods. We need incentives to con­ my fell off a cliff. So, unsurprisingly, did in­ serve more while at the same time produc­ ally starts to stimulate economic activity terest rates. And so, unwittingly, did most of when the economy no longer needs it. ing more gas, oil, coal, renewable resources the critics of the administration's economic and other types of energy. Decontrol will program. Third, the administration can try to per­ spur conservation and production. It is true that even now one hears politi­ suade Congress to move forward-say, to Oil drilling in this country is up nearly 40 cians, in a state, of free fall, declaiming to Feb. 1-the 10% tax cut now due on July 1. empty space that what this shattered econo­ At the moment this would be difficult, in percent this year because of decontrol. Gas view of the rhetorical fog exuded by the drilling nudged ahead only six percent. If my needs is either a rollback in President the gas industry wants to restore its lost Reagan's tax cuts or a whole new set of media and sundry politicians about share of the energy market-which has taxes. But it is reasonable to assume that "Reaganomics." But after a dismal Christ­ gone down from a third to a quarter-we such declamations will cease once it occurs mas, the mood of the country could be such need to do more drilling and more finding. to these falling bodies that a tax increase is as to welcome it. Decontrol will assure that. an absurd prescription for a recession. Incidentally, and ironically, this last strat­ Why did the economy collapse? The egy-clearly my own choice-is one that any The quarter century of experience we've liberal-Keynesian economist would endorse, had with manipulating the price of gas by answer is obvious and has no connection with "Reaganomics." It was the collision be­ for reasons having nothing to do with government fiat ought to be proof enough "supply-side" economics. · On their analysis, that the market is a far better taskmaster tween the swollen Carter budget for fiscal 1981 eing swept away by a com­ ing, construction, automobile, and farm im­ siders"! Their individual tax cut was lowered bination of long-term high inflation, plements. 5 from 30 percent. to 25 percent and was An industry breakdown of the D&B fig­ huge increases in energy costs, heavy ures for the 35-week period is as follows: phased in much more gradually than they regulatory burdens, a tax system had hoped. biased against the smaller firm, and 1981 compared to 1980 So there was no "Trojan Horse," no decep­ unexpectedly high interest rates. Construction ...... +48.5 tion, no conspiracy. What is now called Services ...... +37.6 "Reaganomics"-the totality of those tax The good news, of course, is that all Retailing ...... +41.4 cuts-was a bipartisan creation. And in the of these areas have been addressed: Manufacturing ...... +36.9 long view, the totality of those tax cuts rep­ For the first time in memory, an ad­ Wholesaling ...... +30.1 resents the most progressive piece of tax ministration has taken serious aim at Since many small businesses are legislation in our history-"progressive" in its own regulatory arsenal and put undercapitalized to begin with, owners are the sense that it lays the groundwork for much of it in mothballs, particularly often required to put up personal assets sustained and superior economic growth in where small business is concerned; such as their homes as additional security the years ahead. moreover, another precedent was set for business loans. If a bankruptcy follows, In that same interview, Mr. Stockman earlier this year when both parties fi­ an owner can also have his family life shat­ used the phrase "trickle down" to describe nally gave the small business some­ tered, exacting a "toll of personal tragedy."• the administration's economic policy, and thing more than lip service in their We must also emphasize to this subcom­ this has served as a red flag to all those of mittee the many reports of well-managed, an egalitarian inclination, who believe that tax packages. hitherto sound businesses which are at the the fruits of economic growth should be In recent days, both inflation and in­ end of their rope, and which will not be able equally shared from the outset by everyone. terest rates have shown moderate de­ to continue in the face of persistent rates in The phrase, in fact, is an inaccurate one­ clines; unfortunately, for far too many the neighborhood of 20 percent.• "trickle out" would better describe the proc­ small firms, the improvement is a case IMPACT OF INTEREST RATES ON SMALL BUSINESS ess, since the initial beneficiaries from eco­ of too little, too late, as shown by the CAPITAL FORMATION AND SURVIVAL nomic growth are not necessarily and are following excerpt from recent testimo­ In the best of times, capital formation is never exclusively the existing rich. The U.S. ny of the National Small Business As­ more difficult for smaller firms than for has many thousands of businessmen and in­ sociation before the Subcommittee on larger ones. ventors who have become very rich in the Tax, Access to Equity Capital and A fresh study by the Reagan administra­ past decade through entrepreneurial inno­ tion clearly establishes anew the disadvan­ vation. In the course of becoming rich, they Business Opportunities of the House Committee on Small Business: tage of smaller size. have created new jobs ; economic growth that, while everyone bene­ Council of Ecomomic Adviser's Chairman Gaps as to borrowed funds occur primari­ fits over the long term, not everyone bene­ Murray Weidenbaum told the Wall Street ly in the intermediate to long-term maturi­ fits equally, and most certainly not in the Journal: "In periods of monetary restraint, ties (page 4>; shorter run. The very incentives that lead the smaller, weaker borrowers suffer Independent firms are at a disadvantage to economic growth run counter to any such most." 1 in capital markets (page 5): and egalitarian results. What liberals and social­ In an attempt to measure the financial ists really want are entrepreneurs and inno­ impact of high rates in detail, our associa­ vators who are selflessly dedicated to their tion recently completed a report on business 3 Court filings are on the basis of the "statistical tasks, and who seek no material rewards as bankruptcies. 2 year" of the U.S. Courts which record the informa­ tion. For the past 2 years the figures have been as a token of their success. Perhaps the world BANKRUPTCIES follows: Statistical year July 1, 1979 to June 30, would be a better place if such people exist­ We found a dramatic rise in business fail­ 1980-36,433: statistical year July 1, 1980 to June ed in larger numbers-but they don't exist ures that has been parallel to interest rate 30, 1981-47,414 progressivism. While eration, to areas where success is actu­ equity to an outsider-something she stressed both her ability as the ally a prerequisite for the best return. small businessmen and women are ex­ former city controller to save the tax­ For that reason, I, and 24 of my col­ tremely reluctant to do; (3) the SBPL payers millions of dollars, and her leagues, Mrs. SNOWE, Messrs. WILSON' is self-administering-no additional ability as a certified public accountant BAFALIS, FORSYTHE, DE LA GARZA, Government redtape would be re­ to. manage the city, she certainly did HANSEN of Utah, BADHAM, GINGRICH, quired; and (4) since return on invest­ not win the election because of money. ROTH, JEFFRIES, MCDADE, McEWEN, ment depends on the small firm's prof­ Her opponent, Jack Heard, spent more CRANE, DREIER, WILLIAMS of Ohio, itability, the business would have a than three times as much money as CONTE, NEAL, DAUB, WEBER of Ohio, lender with a vested interest in its suc­ she did. Heard spent $1.5 million while LOTT, STATON, EVANS of Georgia, and cess. Kathy spent only $650,000. To coun­ ROEMER, are today introducing the I submit that this approach is far su­ terbalance her lack of funds, Kathy Small Business Investment Incentives perior to any direct grant or loan of used the volunteer support of hun­ Act. the taxpayers' money. It relies on the dreds of people from all walks of life First, the bill amends the Small private sector almost entirely. More­ throughout the city. Business Investment Act by removing over, it should redirect investment Kathy Whitmire's victory is a ster­ capital from dead end investments, tax ling example of the power of the •See 31st Annual Report, Senate Small Business shelters that cause a "revenue loss" to people. She ran her campaign with Committee, Chapter III, pp. 29-62. the Treasury without any recapture of great integrity and I am certain she ••31st Annual Report, loc. cit, page 34. new tax revenues, to areas that will will bring the same degree of integrity 28676 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 20, 1981 to her new job as mayor of Houston. Texas politics; she prefers to call herself a elect, Whitmire stared straight at the prob­ Kathy's style of management will ''progressive." lems that confront her. bring together the many diverse SUBDUED CAMPAIGN STYLE "I'm not a no-growth candidate and I didn't think my opponent was a no-growth groups that live in Houston. I recom­ But in money matters Mrs. Whitmire is an candidate," she said, "so it wasn't a referen­ mend that my colleagues take a few out-and-out conservative, and in this fusion dum on growth. People in Houston have minutes to read the following two in­ of fiscal conservatism with an otherwise had a lot of opportunities that have been spiring articles: generally liberal outlook she may be repre­ brought on by the economic boom, and I sentative of many rising politicians of her don't think there are very many people who [From the New York Times, Nov. 19, 1981] generation. She is a Democrat, although the FEMINIST MAYOR FOR HOUSTON want to do away with that kind of opportu­ mayoral election is nonpartisan. nity. equal rights amendment. As early city of soaring expectations, a 35-year-old sade that attracted thousands of volunteers. as 1973, she was an active member of the accountant in a den of dealmakers, and the As controller she became a visible critic of National Women's Political Caucus. first woman elected mayor in the history of incumbent Mayor Jim Mcconn, opposing She has taken strong stands in favor of brawling Houston. But if any of that over­ pay raises for city employees, and denounc­ nondiscriminatory hiring policies in city whelms Kathy Whitmire, she isn't letting ing a $1.35 million street inventory as a agencies, including the hiring of homosex­ on. "pothole study." She also reformed the pen­ uals as police officers if they apply and are She won a landslide victory Tuesday, sion program in the city and reworked the qualified. In matters of human rights and swamping her opponent with 62 percent of financing of the city water system to head equal opportunity, she would be called a lib­ the vote, and as a horde of reporters off tax increases. eral elsewhere. She shies away from the camped outside her city hall office awaiting Whitmire is a Democrat, but she seeks to term, however, because it is anathema in her first official press conference as mayor- avoid political labels. "I think that every- November 20, 1981 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 28677 body recognizes that on financial matters I other minorities have always been worse off UNDEREMPLOYMENT am very conservative," she said. "But when than whites, women have typically had Underemployment is also a worrisome you say conservative ... people extend higher jobless rates than men, and youth problem, although it is not easily defined. that into a lot of other things like being unemployment exceeds that for more "Visible underemployment" as defined by against women's rights and against individ­ mature workers. the International Labour Office refers to ual liberties. In general, unemployment rates for black people who do not have a sufficient amount "I don't subscribe to any of those philoso­ Americans typically are at least twice the of work. In the United States, we regularly phies," said the woman who won the active rates for whites, and jobless rates for the measure and publish statistics on the support of the city's gay community. "I'm Hispanic population fall between those of number of persons who are working part not in favor of the government trying to whites and blacks. But black teenagers fare time but who want to work full time. This control anyone's life. I'm really even a the worst of all worker groups. In October, statistic has been rising recently as the strong defender of property rights in that I the jobless rate for black and other minori­ labor market situation has deteriorated. In don't favor zoning. So how you classify that ~Y workers was 15.5 percent, the highest on October, a record 5 million persons were in terms of liberal and conservative, I don't record. The rate for teenagers in this group working part-time because their hours were know."• was 43 percent. It is not surprising that young people cut back or because they were unable to have higher unemployment rates. Young­ obtain full-time work. sters need time to explore the job market The more classic concept of underemploy­ WORKING AMERICANS: THEIR ment was that used by the Gordon Commit­ NEEDS FOR THE FUTURE and to gain the experience and training that will lead to future success. Fu~thermore, tee in 1962. The Committee referred to the many young people combine school and "employment of persons at jobs that call for HON. JAMES L. OBERSTAR work. They often experience a period of job­ less than their highest level of skill (and at OF MINNESOTA lessness as they move in and out of the wages less than those to which their skills if fully utilized, would normally entitle IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES labor force. It is true that young people have the highest incidence of unemploy­ them)." In this sense, underemployment is Friday, November 20, 1981 ment, but they also experience the shortest the relationship between the quality of the e Mr. OBERSTAR. Mr. Speaker, the periods of joblessness. job and the ability and skill of the incum­ Moreover, the policy implications are bent. The trouble is that scaling these abili­ House Public Works and Transporta­ quite different when the unemployed are ties and skills is very difficult. tion Subcommittee on Economic De­ students-who often seek part-time work­ Education is, of course, desirable in and of velopment, which I have the honor to or when they are young people who have itself. But education also brings with it an chair, held hearings this week on eco­ dropped out of school without completing expectation of obtaining a particular type of nomic development policy. We will their education credentials. Among persons job. The National Center for Educational draw heavily on the wealth of factual 16 to 24 years of age, the jobless rate for Statistics projects that in each year of the information developed at these hear­ drop-outs runs roughly twice the rate for decade of the 1980's about 1.1 million people those who completed high school. will graduate from college. But we in BLS ings when we write our legislation Cyclical movements in the economy tend project that only about 850,000 openings next year. to affect certain labor force groups and geo­ will occur each year in jobs which tradition­ One of our most informative wit­ graphic areas more than others. Since eco­ ally have been held by college graduates­ nesses was Dr. Janet L. Norwood, nomic recessions tend to affect employment that is, professional, technical, managerial, Commissioner of the Bureau of Labor in manufacturing and construction most se­ and administrative jobs. This imbalance Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. verely, men generally are harder hit than suggests that nearly 1 graduate in 4 will She gave us a truly eye opening and women, because most factory and construc­ probably have to enter an occupation not enlightening picture of today's diverse tion workers are male. In addition, those ge­ previously requiring a college degree. ographic areas that are heavily dependent LABOR FORCE COMPOSITION labor force, one which I would like to on durable goods manufacturing are affect­ share with my colleagues. ed more sharply than other areas. In recent Women.-Let's turn now to demographic STATEMENT OF DR. JANET L. NORWOOD, years, the old industrial areas of the Mid­ changes in the profile of the U.S. labor COMMISSIONER, BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS west and Northeast have suffered as people force. The most striking change, of course, have moved to new jobs in the South and has been the increased participation of Mr. Chairman and Members of the Sub­ women in the labor force. Today, more than committee, I am pleased to be here this West and as cyclical reductions have oc­ curred in the demand for manufactured half of all women are in the labor force. morning to review with you some labor This compares to one-third in 1950. While force issues involved in economic develop­ goods. It is, therefore, not surprising that Michigan's unemployment rate is now the women over age 35 made the greatest ment. Before we look at developments for strides in the 1950's and 60's, the last 10 the future, however, we must be sure to un­ highest in the Nation. In addition to these recent economic de­ years have been characterized by phenome­ derstand where we are today. A number of nal advances in labor force participation developments have occurred over the last velopments, the composition of unemploy­ ment reflects long-term labor force trends. among younger women. The participation few decades which must be considered in rate of women in the 25- to 34-year age labor market planning for the future. In October, 44 percent of the unemployed were adult men, 35 percent were adult group was 34 percent in 1950, rose to 45 per­ UNEMPLOYMENT women, and the remaining 21 percent were cent by 1970, and reached 66 percent in Unemployment has been considerably teenagers. While the female share of unem­ 1980. higher in recent years than it was in the ployment has been generally rising over As more and more women enter the labor 1950's and 1960's. The overall jobless rate time as women's labor force participation force, the proportion of multi-earner fami­ averaged 6.2 percent during the 1970's, com­ has increased, the cutbacks in the goods­ lies increases. Looking at data just for wives, pared with less than 5 percent in each of producing sector have caused a relatively we find that fewer than 1 of every 4 was in the previous 2 decades. Changes in the age greater increase in joblessness among men. the labor force in 1950, compared with 1 of composition of the labor force as well as Among all demographic groups the vast ma­ every 2 wives today. What this means is social and legislative changes that affect the jority of the unemployed are seeking full­ that the "traditional" family, in which a supply and demand for labor have contrib­ time jobs: four-fifths of the adult women, working husband supports his homemaker uted to this pattern. While the exact causes three-fifths of the teenagers, and 95 percent wife and two children, is no longer typical. of the rise in unemployment are complex of the adult men want full-time work. In 1980, this type of 4-person family repre­ and discussion of them tends to arouse con­ We must remember, too, that considerable sented only 6 percent of all American fami­ siderable controversy, the one unquestioned turnover occurs in the ranks of the unem­ lies. The increase in labor force activity has fact is that there are now many more young ployed from month to month. Typically, been particularly strong among wives with workers than there were previously. Mil­ even in a month when the unemployment children. In 1980, 4 out of every 10 pre­ lions of children born during the post-war level is unchanged, about half of the unem­ schoolers had a mother who worked outside baby boom have grown up and entered the ployed were not unemployed in the previous the home. The proportion is even higher labor force. As a result, the labor force now . month. A little more than a quarter of those among school-age children-6 out of 10 of contains a higher proportion of young who were unemployed in the previous them had a working mother in 1980. people than it used to, and teenagers always month will have found employment, and a Another demographic change with impor­ have higher than average jobless rates. little less than a quarter will have left the tant social implications is the dramatic in­ But we know that the impact of unem­ labor force, perhaps to attend school, devote crease in the number of families maintained ployment has never been evenly distributed full time to other activities, or go into re­ entirely by women. Currently, there are across demographic groups. Blacks and tirement. about 9 million such families, one out of 28678 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 20, 1981 every six families in the Nation. Women Factory jobs continued to increase, but payroll period, and are available by consid­ who maintain families tend to face severe very slowly. And employment in such im­ erable industrial detail for the Nation as a problems in the labor market-their unem­ portant industries as autos, steel, railroads, whole and by State and metropolitan areas. ployment rate in recent months has exceed­ and textiles actually declined. Nevertheless, Employment and wage data for workers ed 10 percent. Moreover, these women are the oil and gas extraction industry . where they are ingly never ending build-up of strate- vides an important perspective on two even more marked in black males, and with 28680 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 20, 1981 crude mortality data for the United King­ TABLE !-AGE-ADJUSTED CANCER MORTALITY RATES PER Thus, "we are unable to say how much of dom

, adjusted to 1969-76, times another, possibly on the job hazard". the 1970 age structure, is substantial and Moreover, smoking and occupation are con­ Mortality rate per Average percent founded variables. smoking among men comparable with that for the preceding 35 100,000 change 1969- 76 years, 1935 to 1970 <7 percent). The overall Site Sex 2 being more prevalent in 'blue-collar' work­ increase in incidence rates is even more 1969 1976 Annual 7-year ers than in professional and managerial marked than mortality rates in the past classes. Occupational causes of lung cancer, All sites ...... WM 195.0 210.2 0.9 7.8 include asbestos, radon daughters, nickel decade, involving a wide range of organs be­ WF 129.0 133.8 0.5 3.7 sides the lung . It should be further empha­ by its denigrators. including Peto. First, the source emissions of industrial carcinogens as sized that this 50-page report was prepared calculations in the report ignore the role of causes for the excess of overall and organ­ as a government document specifically for radiation and of some ten epidemiologically specific cancers, including lung, bladder, inclusion in public hearing records, and not recognized occupational carcinogens, other colon, pancreas and breast, in residents of for submission to a scientific journal. than the six considered. Second, the risk certain highly industrialized counties. ratios considered may be artificially low as This government report has received ex­ CONCLUSIONS they were largely derived from less-than­ tensive support from various expert bodies, Cancer is a disease of multifactorial aetiol­ lifetime epidemiological studies, which may such as the Toxic Substances Strategy Com­ ogy to which occupational exposure and thus underestimate the true risk in view of mittee, whose position has been endorsed by smoking can contribute importantly, some­ the long latencies commonly involved. 17 federal agencies, and international times interactively. There have been sub­ Third, the report does not consider the groups, such as the International Labor Or­ stantial recent increases in cancer rates many statistical and methodological con­ ganization, and the US and British trades which cannot be accounted for by smoking straints common to most occupational epi­ union. The report has also received addi­ alone. Smoking is the major lifestyle factor demiological studies such as relatively small tional support in the critique of two consult­ of importance in cancer, and evidence for numbers of workers in many locations, ants to the chemical industry's American the causal role of other lifestyle factors. changes in exposure patterns over time due Industrial Health Council which concluded particularly, diet, is slender. The role of life­ to employee turnover. plant shutdown, proc­ that " ... the full range using with an economic or intellectual investment management, all of which lead to fragmen­ multiple classifications may be from 10 to 33 in this theory, by largely excluding involun­ t.ation of health and exposure records, percent or perhaps higher if we had better tary exposures to carcinogens and minimiz­ access to which is often restricted by indus­ information on some other potentially carci­ ing the role of occupational carcinogens. try. Fourth, the estimates fail to take ac­ nogenic substances ... The annual number These considerations further illustrate the count of the many chemicals recognized as of cancer deaths attributable to asbestos is primary thesis of The Politics of Cancer: carcinogenic in animals for which there are in the range from 29, 700 to 54,000, which cancer is essentially a preventable disease no exposure or epidemiological data. Thus, corresponds to a percentage range of the which requires intervention and regulation of 442 chemicals and industrial processes re­ total cancer of 7 to 14 percent • • • Any ar­ at several levels, particularly the occupa­ cently evaluated by the International gument over these numbers cannot detract tional and smoking. Failure to prevent Agency for Research on Cancer , epi­ from the fact that asbestos exposure was, as cancer reflects major political and economic demiological data are available for only 60 the authors constraints which have hitherto been large­ (14 percent>, although evidence of experi­ state, a major public health disaster • • • . ly unrecognized or discounted. mental carcinogenicity was considered to be We also believe that reduction of exposure . Fifth, the es­ to carcinogens in the course of employment occupational and environmental medicine timates exclude high risk occupations with can certainly be expected to affect major re­ and Joel B. Swartz, assistant professor of oc­ incompletely defined carcinogens, such as ductions in the frequencies of occurrence of cupational and environmental medicine, the steel, rubber and tanning industries. cancer and is one of the most promising ap­ School of Public Health, University of Illi­ Sixth, the estimates do not adequately re- plications of preventive medicine." The nois. coauthored this article.>•