Annual Report 2019 IST Austria administrative and The people of IST Austria technical support staff by nationality Austria 59.4% Nationalities on campus Germany 5.6% Hungary 3.1% Poland 2.5% Romania 2.5% Scientists as well as administrative and technical support staff come Italy 2.1% Russia 1.7% from all over the world to conduct and back research at IST Austria. Czech Republic 1.4% As of December 31, 2019, a total of 72 nationalities were represented India 1.4% Slovakia 1.4% on campus. Spain 1.4% UK 1.4% Other 16.1%

North America Europe Asia Canada Albania Italy Afghanistan Cuba Andorra Latvia Bangladesh El Salvador Armenia Lithuania China Mexico Austria Luxembourg South Korea USA Belarus Macedonia India Belgium Malta Iran Bosnia and Netherlands Israel Herzegovina Norway Japan Bulgaria Poland Jordan Croatia Portugal Kazakhstan Cyprus Romania Lebanon Czech Republic Serbia Mongolia Denmark Slovakia Philippines Finland Slovenia Russia France Spain Singapore Georgia Sweden Syria Germany Switzerland Vietnam Greece Turkey Hungary UK Ireland Ukraine Africa Egypt Kenya IST Austria scientists by nationality Libya Austria 14.7% Nigeria Germany 10.9% South America Italy 7.4% Argentina India 5.9% Russia 4.7% Brazil Slovakia 4.1% Chile China 4.1% Colombia Hungary 3.7% Peru Spain 3.3% Uruguay USA 3.1% Czech Republic 2.9% UK 2.4% Oceania Other 32.8% Australia Content

2 HAPPY BIRTHDAY! 40 RESEARCH 4 Foreword by the president 42 Biology 5 Board member voices 44 Computer science 6 “An Austrian miracle” 46 Mathematics A year of celebration 48 Neuroscience 8 Reaching the podium 50 Physics and chemistry A year of achievements 52 Supporting science I 10 Building bridges Scientific Service Units The establishment of at IST Austria a global network 54 Supporting science II 12 An ecosystem for Administration at IST Austria science and technology The new IST Park 56 PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT 58 Communicating science 14 IST AUSTRIA IN A NUTSHELL Outreach and science 16 At a glance education at IST Austria IST Austria in numbers 60 Scientific discourse 18 A place to work and live Academic events at IST Austria Campus life at IST Austria 20 A place of growth 62 PARTNERSHIPS The future of IST Austria 64 Capturing serendipity Technology transfer at IST Austria 24 CAREER & EDUCATION 66 Enabling the future 26 Career options at IST Austria IST Austria’s network of supporters 28 Opportunities at every level Internships at IST Austria 69 FACTS & FIGURES 30 Training the next generation PhD students at IST Austria 128 IMPRINT 34 A chance to grow Postdocs at IST Austria 36 Pursuing academic careers Professorships at IST Austria 37 Advancing methods and technology Staff scientists at IST Austria 38 Out into the world IST Austria’s alumni network HAPPY BIRTHDAY!

The Open Campus 2019 was the first of a series of events to celebrate IST Austria’s 10th anniversary in May and June this year. 2 3 Foreword Board member voices

Thomas A. Henzinger President, IST Austria

IST Austria celebrated its 10-year anniversary Expanding frontiers – A year of growth in 2019 and can look back on a very special year: IST Austria kept expanding throughout 2019 as four new professors arrived on campus and three “An Austrian miracle” – A year of celebration Assistant Professors were promoted to Professors A series of anniversary events brought hundreds with unlimited contracts after successfully completing of guests from near and far to campus. Our most their tenure evaluations. The most recent call for new prominent guest of honor, the Federal President of faculty attracted a record number of more than 1’700 the Republic of Austria, Alexander Van der Bellen, applicants. With the 61 new PhD students who arrived put the Institute’s first decade in a nutshell: “An on campus in 2019, the total staff of IST Austria Austrian miracle has happened.” We are truly grateful approaches 800. Community growth is accompanied for the enormous trust and effort by everyone who by campus development: the Miba Machine Shop has contributed to making this miracle happen, extension opened last year, and the construction of employees and supporters alike! the next laboratory building as well as the planning Angelika Amon Olaf Kübler for a visitor center in the center of the campus are Reaching the podium – A year of achievements progressing rapidly. Member, IST Austria Scientific Board* Vice-chair, IST Austria Board of Trustees & The nicest anniversary gift came in the form of the Kathleen and Curtis Marble Professor of chair, IST Austria Professorial Committee** “Nature Index” ranking, a global comparison of Getting ready for the next decade – Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Former President, ETH Zurich, Switzerland universities and research institutions based on A year of looking ahead Technology (MIT), USA their publication output. In 2019, Nature Index listed With the recent international evaluation panel chaired Life as a member of a research institute is highly IST Austria in third place in the normalized version by Nobel laureate Serge Haroche praising the path When I first heard that Austria is establishing a new privileged, full of intellectual adventures, discoveries of their worldwide ranking, which takes the size of taken by IST Austria, we are entering the next decade Graduate School in the natural sciences, I was excited. and insights, and exciting human interactions. institutions into account. Another sign of excellence with great confidence and undiminished ambition. To When I learned that this university was to be built By entrusting me with the chair of the Professorial is our faculty’s continuing success with the European reach a critical size in order to sustain global success in Klosterneuburg, I was incredulous. How could a Committee, IST Austria has offered me the wonderful Research Council (ERC): in its first ten years, 37 pro- and visibility in all major disciplines of science, the university located in the middle of nowhere succeed? opportunity to have a share in the most important fessors of IST Austria have acquired 46 ERC grants, Institute needs the continuing unwavering commit- The last ten years have shown that I should not responsibility of a research institute’s president: to each worth more than 1.5 million Euro of research ment and support by our stakeholders and donors. have been skeptical. Today, IST Austria is one of find, recruit and appoint internationally outstanding funding from the European Union. In this regard, we especially thank the Federal Ministry the leading scientific institutions in Europe. What faculty. of Education, Science and Research and Minister made IST Austria such a success story? Thomas Building bridges – A year of collaboration Heinz Fassmann, as well as the Province of Lower Henzinger deserves a lot of credit. He identified a Since IST Austria’s beginnings, the Committee has In 2019, IST Austria joined four institutions in the UK, Austria and Governor Johanna Mikl-Leitner. number of outstanding young scientists. This first counted 71 meetings in which President Henzinger USA, Israel, and Japan to found the global “BRIDGE batch of young scientists realized that it was on asked us to review 117 professorship candidates— network” with the aim of promoting and strengthening Welcome to the future of IST Austria! them to make this place work—and they succeeded. the cream of the crop of more than 13’000 applica- the extraordinarily successful institutional model They built a great place to do innovative science. tions! It is with deep appreciation that I acknowledge combining basic science with graduate education. the excellent preparation of all cases by IST Austria’s 23 new PhD students joined our growing alumni The challenge for the future will be to foster this Academic Affairs as well as the diligence and dedica- network, which now encompasses 83 former students community and to expand what has been done for the tion of the Professorial Committee in appraising and who have taken up academic and industry positions computational and life sciences to other disciplines. adjudicating the candidates presented. in more than 30 different countries. And the new I am not worried though, past accomplishments are technology and research center IST Park, which the best predictor of future success. Congratulations! ** The IST Austria Professorial Committee is a multidisciplinary academic body made up of external and internal tenured professors, tasked with opened in 2019 adjacent to the Institute’s campus, I cannot wait to see what happens next. reviewing all new hires and promotions. The Committee’s main tasks represents a major step towards bridging the gap include authorizing the president to extend offers to new professors to * For more about IST Austria's Scientific Board, see page 123. join IST Austria as group leaders and to promote Assistant Professors between basic science and commercial development. following their tenure evaluation.

4 5 “An Austrian miracle” “Science is the most revolutionary A year of celebration activity of human-kind.” Sir Paul Nurse Nobel laureate & Director, The Francis Crick Institute, UK Since the opening of the campus in 2009, IST Austria has already reached many milestones—in the areas of research, education, construction, and fundraising. Reason enough to celebrate the Institute’s 10th anniversary with a series of festive events in summer 2019.

Celebrations kicked off with the Open Campus, IST Austria’s annual research festival, on May 26. More than 2’000 science enthusiasts of all ages gathered to explore the world of research through numerous hands-on science stations and activities. During the anniversary week in June—including an official ceremony followed by science lectures—IST Austria welcomed hundreds of interested people from near and far as well as numerous honorable guests from politics, industry and science. Renowned scientists gave inspiring talks, reflected on IST Austria’s first decade and discussed questions around the future of science in general and the Institute in particular.

Happy birthday, IST Austria!

“IST Austria is a unique success story that turned Lower Austria into a unique place for science.” Johanna Mikl-Leitner Governor of Lower Austria

“A miracle has happened. The Institute actually works.” Alexander Van der Bellen Federal President of the Republic of Austria

“Happy birthday! I am very impressed by IST Austria.” Edith Heard Director General, European Molecular Biology Lab (EMBL), Germany

6 7 The European Research Council – In its first ten years, 37 professors of IST Austria have acquired Reaching the podium Supporting top research at IST Austria 44 Starting, Consolidator or Advanced Grants from the ERC, Another sign of excellence is our faculty’s continuing success each worth up to 1.5, 2 and 2.5 million Euro, respectively, as well A year of achievements with the European Research Council (ERC), the European Union’s as two ERC Proof of Concept Grants. premiere funding organization for frontier research. Every year, it selects and funds the very best and most creative researchers In 2019, two Starting Grants to biophysicist Edouard Hannezo and of any nationality and age to run projects based in Europe. With to quantum physicist Maksym Serbyn as well as one Consolidator In 2019, the normalized “Nature Index” of research institutions and universities a success rate of almost 50%, IST Austria is well ahead of all other Grant to computer scientist Krishnendu Chatterjee were added to worldwide ranked IST Austria in third place—what a great anniversary gift! European institutions with at least 30 ERC grants when it comes the list. to obtaining the prestigious research grants. Alongside an impressive success rate with the European Research Council, this is a clear sign that the Institute has become a global beacon of scientific excellence.

Nature Index 2019 – Size isn’t everything New York, USA, and the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, In June, the renowned scientific journal Nature published its “Nature Israel. Apart from IST Austria, only two other European institutions Index 2019”, the results of the annual evaluation of publication data (EPFL in Lausanne and ETH Zurich) made it into the top 25 research from 82 top-class journals. For the first time, the size of the institu- institutes worldwide. To IST Austria, this announcement was a tions in which the publishing researchers work was also taken into wonderful confirmation of the path the Institute chose—and clear account. The adjusted statistics had IST Austria show up third in the proof that IST Austria now successfully competes with the most worldwide ranking—right after the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in famous science institutions in the world.

Krishnendu Chatterjee Edouard Hannezo Maksym Serbyn

ERC Consolidator Grant for ERC Starting Grant for ERC Starting Grant for “Formal methods for stochastic “Design principles of branching “Non-ergodic quantum matter: models: algorithms and applications” morphogenesis” universality, dynamics and control”

Stochastic models estimate the probability The formation of branching organs such Some quantum systems fail to achieve of potential outcomes by allowing for the as the lung, prostate, kidney, or mammary thermal equilibrium. This can, in turn, allow random variation of one or more inputs. gland—so-called branched morphogene- these systems to exhibit a number of exotic Some common everyday examples of where sis—involves fairly complex processes on behaviors, some of which are only possible stochastic models are used include stock various scales. The mechanisms by which at extremely low or absolute zero tempera- markets, currency exchanges, estimating molecular signals and cellular behaviors give tures (i.e. 0 Kelvin or -273.15°C). Improving “We have reached the wealth and inequality, and medical data rise to a robust macroscopic organ structure the understanding of such systems in this Champions League such as blood pressure or temperature. remains a fundamental and open question. area has important ramifications not only of research institutes.” Krishnendu Chatterjee’s ERC project aims In his ERC Starting Grant project, Edouard for quantum physics but also quantum

Thomas A. Henzinger to develop algorithmic solutions that will Hannezo and his research group will try computing. President, IST Austria help better analyze the output from stochas- to gain a broader understanding of the The ERC Starting Grant project supports tic models. This new approach towards underlying mechanisms of branched organ Maksym Serbyn and his research group to reconceptualizing the algorithmic aspects formation applying state-of-the-art compu- build a unified theory of quantum systems for the “formal methods” used for stochastic tational and systems biology methods. By that escape thermal equilibrium—non- models will inevitably benefit other scientific combining systems biology with biophysical ergodic quantum matter—by classifying disciplines as well as emerging technologies approaches at the subcellular, the cellular the universal properties and phases of this such as social cooperation modelling and and the organ scale, the group expects to quantum state of matter, along with investi- artificial intelligence. find out about some of the core principles of gating possible ways to control them. The pattern formation and tissue sculpting in group’s overall goal for the project is to complex branched organs. provide a foundation for a complete theory of non-equilibrium many-body systems.

8 9 Building bridges

The establishment of a global network “The BRIDGE network will create a unique ecosystem of institutions, all of them focused on scientific research In June 2019, five of the world’s most successful scientific institutions founded of a fundamental nature. This is the basis the network “Basic Research Institutions Delivering Graduate Education”, short BRIDGE. of all further technological advance.” Daniel Zajfman They share two common missions: conducting world-class research and training President, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel PhD students.

The five founding members of the BRIDGE network—the BRIDGE provides the basis for fruitful exchange about best Rockefeller University, USA, The Francis Crick Institute, UK, practices between its members. Together, they will advocate for “The intimate, focused cultures of discovery the Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, the Okinawa Institute of the conditions required for excellent science to blossom for the that arise in our institutions bring to the fore creativity Science and Technology Graduate University, Japan, and IST benefit of science and society. The network’s mission and principles and collaboration among some of the best scientists Austria—are all institutions in the global “Champions League”. are detailed in the BRIDGE charter. in the world. The new BRIDGE network will help us They share being distinct from both universities with undergraduate enhance those attributes and will enable us to pursue students and pure research institutes. Their success is reflected www.bridge.net common cause with a group of like-minded research by international rankings such as the “Nature Index” and by major organizations in the future.” awards given to their scientists, such as this year’s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Peter Ratcliffe from The Francis Crick Franklin Hoke Associate Vice President, Communications and Public Affairs, Institute. The BRIDGE network institutions are attractive to leading Rockefeller University, USA researchers as they combine the best of two worlds: the freedom and availability of resources to fully concentrate on research and a steady influx of brilliant young scientists.

“Science is a global endeavor. We see the BRIDGE network as an important platform to promote the value of basic research across several continents.” “Through the BRIDGE network, Mary Collins Provost, Okinawa we can share best practice to make the Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Japan most of our advantages and work together to solve common challenges. We hope that this will help us all to improve, benefiting our science and ultimately society.” Paul Nurse CEO and Director, The Francis Crick Institute, UK

10 “With the new IST Park, Klosterneuburg An ecosystem for gains even more international visibility and experiences a strong image appreciation as a city of science. The project opens up new science and technology perspectives for the people in the region.” Stefan Schmuckenschlager The new IST Park Mayor, City of Klosterneuburg

To bridge the gap between research and industry, the new technology and research center IST Park across the road from IST Austria opened on September 30, 2019.

As a cooperation between ecoplus, the business The IST Park construction investment volume of Ribbon Biolabs VALANX Biotech agency of Lower Austria, and IST Austria, IST Park around 15 million Euro is co-funded by the European provides state-of-the-art lab and office infrastructure, Regional Development Fund (EFRE) and the Province Founded by former IST Austria postdoc Harold de VALANX Biotech develops a novel site-specific customizable to the needs of university spin-offs, of Lower Austria. With the inauguration of IST Park’s Vladar, Ribbon Biolabs introduces a new approach protein conjugation platform, which enables a fast deep tech startups, and R&D companies to support two first buildings in fall 2019, the basis is laid for for the fast synthesis of long DNA molecules. The and cost-effective creation of protein multi-conjugates the translation of research findings into innovative further expansion—IST Park’s long-term master plan company’s offer meets the expanding needs of as well as of peptide conjugates. The company was products. foresees the construction of up to nine buildings scientists in the field of synthetic biology. Supported already located on the IST Austria campus before comprising more than 20’000 m2. by the IST cube venture fund, Ribbon Biolabs tailors it moved to IST Park. Founder Michael Lukesch The broad scope of IST Park matches the breadth solutions for building genomes, high-throughput and his team will receive funding from the IST cube of research undertaken at IST Austria. Companies https://istpark.at libraries, DNA-based nanotechnological devices, venture fund (see also page 64). in all areas can benefit from the range of talent computing with DNA, and other innovative and scientific infrastructure available. The exchange applications. www.valanx.bio within the IST Park community as well as interaction with the researchers of IST Austria is highly encour- www.ribbonbiolabs.com aged. The current community comprises companies active in software as well as in the life sciences and physical sciences, and organizations supporting innovative projects.

“Facilities like IST Park provide very positive impulses for a region. High-quality jobs are created and value in the region is added sustainably.” Jochen Danninger Managing Director, ecoplus (2019; as of February 2020, member of the Provincial Government of Lower Austria)

“A technology park in the immediate vicinity of the IST Austria campus was already included in the report on the founding of the Institute. International examples show that this is an integral part of the success for a broad innovation ecosystem around leading global research institutes.” Thomas A. Henzinger President, IST Austria

12 13 IST AUSTRIA IN A NUTSHELL

A neuroscientist from the group of Sandra Siegert pipetting a cell culture to investigate neuroimmunology. 14 15 At a glance IST Austria in numbers

The Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria) is a PhD-granting research Founding principles institution dedicated to cutting-edge research in the physical, mathematical, computer, and life sciences. IST Austria was established in 2006 by the Federal Government of Austria and the Government of Lower Austria. The campus opened in 2009 in the city of Klosterneuburg, on the outskirts of Vienna. The Institute was founded based on a set of principles that were first formulated by Haim Harari, Olaf Kübler and Hubert Markl, who distilled them from the most successful systems and ideas in the world for the governance of research institutes.

Student admissions Faculty recruiting 488 scientists Curiosity-driven International Multidisciplinary PhD-granting in 2019 in 2019 (as of December 31, 2019) research IST Austria brings together IST Austria brings together IST Austria awards doctoral

Applications 2’040 Applications 1’769 PhD students 223 Scientists pursue their scientists and staff from all researchers from all major degrees in a structured Student offers made 101 Faculty offers made 13 Postdocs 179 interests without constraints over the world; employees scientific disciplines; commu- graduate program with Student offers accepted 61 Faculty offers accepted 9 Professors 53 or predefined research use English as their working nication and collaboration central admissions. Scientific interns 29 language. are encouraged across Staff scientists 4 topics, supported by state- of-the-art infrastructure. scientific fields.

Supporting careers Independent boards Exploiting results Diverse funding Professors are hired early Trustees oversee the Institute; Globally competitive basic sources in their careers on a tenure- more than half are interna- research leads to unforeseen IST Austria is publicly and track system, providing tional scientists. Guidance but useful and valuable dis- privately financed. Scientists them with independence is also provided by the coveries; intellectual property acquire third-party funds; (numbers are rounded) Research grant funding and a career perspective. international Scientific Board. and technology transfer are 2019 Total* donations to the Institute and European Research Council (ERC) €4’949’000 €70’638’000 important objectives. revenues from intellectual Austrian Science Fund (FWF) €4’024’000 €28’049’000 property are transferred to EU other €1’785’000 €20’691’000 an endowment fund. Human Frontier Science Program (HFSP) - €2’754’000 Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) €385’000 €2’457’000 German Research Foundation (DFG ) €421’000 €1’890’000 NOMIS Foundation - €1’400’000 Wellcome Trust €1’223’000 €1’223’000 European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) €113’000 €1’171’000 Simons Foundation €872’000 €1’139’000 Core missions Fondation Lopez Loreta €1’000’000 €1’000’000 NÖ Forschung und Bildung (NFB) €279’000 €918’000 Vienna Science and Technology Fund (WWTF) - €434’000 Microsoft Research - €359’000 The founding principles of IST Austria remain valid today and continue to Office of Naval Research (ONR) - €326’000 Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) - €283’000 guide the growth and development of the Institute as it enters its second Bayer - €150’000 Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) €11’000 €133’000 decade and works towards excelling in its core missions: National Science Foundation (NSF) - €119’000 Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) €8’000 €104’000 Type 1 Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF) - €104’000 • to perform world-class basic research, Others €381’000 €2’132’000 • to train the next generation of scientific leaders, Total €15’451’000 €137’474’000 • to support science education and technology transfer, and

* IST Austria grant funding ever acquired as of December 31, 2019 • to implement best practices in science management.

16 17 A place to work and live Campus life at IST Austria

IST Austria is not only committed to excellence in research, it also applies this high standard to its services for employees and visitors to campus. The Institute provides a range of amenities and facilities to create an attractive place to work and live.

Work and Nature and Campus Shuttle family recreation housing bus

The balance between work and family With the beautiful Vienna woods at the Many employees from abroad choose to Many employees choose to live in life is a challenge for both employees and Institute’s doorstep, scientists and staff can live on campus in the Institute-owned Klosterneuburg or Vienna. For the ease employers. To support scientists as well enjoy the scenery, hiking trails, the fresh air, and -operated apartments. Surrounded by of their commute, an Institute shuttle as staff with children, children as young as and the quiet of an oasis away from the nature, and just steps away from the lab bus travels from the U4 metro station three months and up to elementary school bustle of a big city. The campus is home and office buildings, these comprise over Heiligenstadt via Klosterneuburg to age can be enrolled in the on-campus to several sports grounds, including tennis 100 residences, for both families and IST Austria in only 22 minutes. childcare center “Froschkönig” and enjoy courts, soccer and volleyball fields, as individuals. For short-term visitors— educational activities, field trips, a science well as an outdoor fitness facility, and also individuals, couples, or families—IST club, and more. provides equipment for bowling, table Austria offers rooms in a guesthouse tennis and other recreational activities. located in the Central Building.

Diversity and Cafeteria and Lifelong Institute-wide inclusion café/pub learning events

In view of the international mobility of The on-campus cafeteria and a café/pub IST Austria offers many opportunities for In order to bring the campus community scientists, measures for integration are are not only places to have a meal or drink, career development available to scientists closer together, IST Austria organizes important for the scientific success of the they also serve as gathering points for ex- and administrative staff, both on and off several Institute-wide events throughout Institute and its staff. Currently, employees change among scientists and administrative campus. Human Resources organizes skills the year. These include a summer barbecue, from 72 different countries work and employees alike. The café/pub, which offers trainings throughout the year. Also, free at which families and friends are welcome, conduct research at IST Austria, both in a range of food and beverages and hosts on-campus German and English language the Institute Retreat, where employees have the scientific and administrative fields. numerous events—from science talks to courses are available to all and contribute a chance to get to learn about each other’s Along the motto “diversity is a reality, game nights—is open on both weekday and to the successful integration of employees. work, and the Winter Bash, the Institute’s inclusion is a choice”, IST Austria is proud weekend afternoons as well as weekday Partners of employees or visiting scientists annual holiday party. Over the whole year, to strive for a barrier-free campus, establish evenings. may join the German courses for a small fee. weekly event series like the Institute Collo- a welcome culture and increase awareness quium and the informal science session for interculturality and implicit bias. “Think & Drink” foster professional and social exchange.

18 19 A place of growth 2026 The future of IST Austria ~90 research groups/ >1’000 employees

The first decade of IST Austria has been marked by rapid growth, while passing many 2023 Lab Building North & milestones on the path of becoming an internationally renowned research institution. seminar center** Building on what the Institute has already achieved, it continues to grow further opening and holds big visions for the future. 2022 Visitor center** opening

Growing community, … … growing campus 2021 In 2009, IST Austria started off with four professors Reflecting the rapidly growing numbers of scientists Chemistry Lab Building* and 37 employees. Over the past ten years, this and overall staff, new buildings and research facilities opening number has gradually increased to reach 53 research add to the high standards of basic research and groups on campus as of December 31, 2019, as education conducted at IST Austria. This year, the first well as a total of around 490 scientists at all career two buildings of the technology and research center 2019 stages—PhD students, postdocs, professors, staff IST Park as well as the extension of the Miba Machine 53 research groups/ scientists, and scientific interns—performing world- Shop plus a central storage were inaugurated; the ~780 employees IST Park opening class research in computer science, the life sciences, construction of a new lab building took on full speed: neuroscience, physics and chemistry, as well as the Chemistry Lab Building is scheduled to be mathematics. As of December 31, 2019, eight completed in 2021 to host new research groups in additional professors have already signed a contract chemistry as well as the Graduate School and the 2017 to join the Institute in the course of 2020 or 2021— Institute library. A sixth lab building (Lab Building Administration Building opening and following the most recent faculty call with a North) including a seminar center will follow soon record number of about 1’700 applications, even after, along with a visitor center to serve as a central more great minds will join the Institute’s outstanding location for on-campus outreach and science group of scientists in the years to come. On Decem- education activities. Both the visitor center and the 2015 ber 31, 2019, the multi-disciplinary group of IST Lab Building North are in the planning stage and Lab & Office Building West Austria scientists was being supported by around 290 scheduled to open in 2022 and 2023, respectively. opening administrative and technical employees—a number that will naturally grow along with the number of researchers. 2012 Reaching a critical size is vital for IST Austria to Lab Building East opening sustain global success and visibility in all major disciplines of science. International benchmarks put that size at three times the current size, or more than 150 research groups, which can be reached 2010 first PhD students in the mid 2030s at the current rate of growth. Bertalanffy Building opening Besides strengthening basic research in the different disciplines of science, a tripling in size would allow IST Austria to invest also in technology areas that 2009 are critical to the advancement of science, and in campus opening interdisciplinary areas that can provide the “glue” 4 research groups/ 37 employees necessary for the Institute to realize its full potential.

2006 IST Austria founded by law * under construction ** planning stage

20 21 New professors to join IST Austria in 2020*

Kimberly Modic Stefan Freunberger Matthew Robinson Lora Sweeney Carl Goodrich Tim Vogels

Combining her expertise on different Stefan Freunberger is an Austrian chemist Matthew Robinson is a British scientist Lora Sweeney is an American neuroscientist US-native Carl Goodrich conducts research Tim Vogels is a German theoretical and experimental methods, US-born physicist working in the field of materials chemistry working in the field of computational biology working at the interface of molecular in the field of theoretical soft matter physics. computational neurobiologist who builds Kimberly Modic is addressing emerging and electrochemistry. After stations in and statistical genomics. Since 2017, neurobiology and physiology. Since 2011, Since 2015, he has worked as a postdoctoral models of neurons and neuronal networks, questions in quantum materials research. Switzerland, Canada, the UK, and France he has worked as Assistant Professor at she has been a postdoctoral fellow at the fellow at Harvard University in Cambridge, ranging from describing synaptic functions Since 2016, she has held a postdoctoral he had been a group leader at Graz University the University of Lausanne. At IST Austria, Salk Institute for Biological Studies in San Massachusetts, USA. His main research from first principles to a systems and position at the Max Planck Institute in of Technology, Austria, since 2015. At he intends to continue his work on the Diego, California, USA. At IST Austria, she interests lie within the fields of theoretical network perspective. Since 2016, he has Dresden, Germany. At IST Austria, she IST Austria, he will work on new materials development of theory, statistical approaches aims to tackle how neurons in the spinal condensed matter physics and biophysics. worked as Associate Professor at the will combine custom-built thermodynamic concepts and on the fundamental scientific and computational algorithms, which will cord form microcircuits and how these At IST Austria, he will aim to implement his University of Oxford, UK. At IST Austria, his probes with state-of-the-art sample understanding of processes in materials allow novel analyses when applied to microcircuits shape movement. Her novel interdisciplinary approach, for instance, research will continue to focus on neuronal preparation for the investigation of electrochemistry, such as processes existing datasets (big data). approach will exploit natural variation in to combine computational methods with network dynamics and plasticity, but also unconventional superconductors, underlying electrochemical energy storage movement between tadpoles, frogs and theoretical analysis and experimental branch out into ion channel functioning topological materials and spin liquids. in high-energy batteries. Matthew Robinson will join IST Austria mice. As a long-term goal, she aims to collaborations. and machine learning. in May 2020. translate her findings from healthy to Kimberly Modic joined IST Austria Stefan Freunberger joined IST Austria diseased motor circuits. Carl Goodrich will join IST Austria Tim Vogels will join IST Austria in January 2020. in April 2020. in August 2020. in August 2020. Lora Sweeney will join IST Austria in June 2020.

* contracts signed as of December 31, 2019

22 23 CAREER & EDUCATION

PhD students Feyza Nur Arslan and Shayan Shamipour from the Heisenberg group in IST Austria’s fish facility. 24 25 Career options at IST Austria

Career opportunities at IST Austria follow the widely established stages of an international scientific career. However, there are no in-house careers at IST Austria; PhD students and postdocs alike pursue their next academic steps elsewhere. Career evaluation Tenure evaluation Tenured professors

Staff Assistant Next career step scientists professors outside IST Austria Advanced researchers interested in a tenured group leader position in an outstanding work environment can Next career step outside IST Austria apply for a tenured professorship.

Applications are accepted year-round, but processed primarily at the annual Staff scientists provide expertise not Early-career scientists seeking a call in early November. available within the research groups. tenure-track group leader position with the freedom and the resources to prove > www.ist.ac.at/jobs/open-positions Scientists with doctorates and relevant themselves can apply for an assistant experience can apply to open positions professorship. listed here: Postdocs Applications are accepted year-round, > www.ist.ac.at/jobs/open-positions but processed primarily at the annual call in early November.

PhD students > www.ist.ac.at/jobs/open-positions

Internships for

undergraduates Young researchers with a doctorate can enhance their careers and their CVs with a postdoc position at IST Austria. Students with a bachelor’s or master’s Scientific and Interested scientists can apply Administrative seeking a PhD program that offers by contacting professors directly, technical support breadth and depth can apply to the staff or by applying for an ISTplus grant. Graduate School of IST Austria during staff Bachelor’s and master’s students the annual call. have the chance to explore > www.ist.ac.at/education/postdocs research through an internship at Application deadline is in January for IST Austria. Internships are offered a start in September of the same year. year-round as well as in the form of the Professionals in a variety of administrative areas—from Supporting experts provide research groups with summer ISTernship program. accounting to outreach to technology transfer—support scientific and technical assistance. > www.ist.ac.at/education/graduate-school scientists and further the mission of the Institute. > www.ist.ac.at/education/internships > www.ist.ac.at/jobs/open-positions > www.ist.ac.at/jobs/open-positions

26 27 INTERNSHIPS Opportunities at “The best internship How to apply of my life! All active bachelor’s and master’s Cool lab, cool people!” students in the physical, mathematical, every level computer, and life sciences are eligible to apply. Professors at IST Austria look Internships at IST Austria forward to welcoming qualified and passionate interns into their research groups! Training the next generation applies not only to graduate students: www.ist.ac.at/education/internships IST Austria offers year-round opportunities for bachelor’s and master’s students from other institutions to intern in a laboratory or with a research group.

An internship is a valuable opportunity offering ISTernship program Edwine T. Lehner Tatiana Ezubova students the chance to explore and broaden their Every year, for 2-3 months between May 15 and interests in science, to learn about the process of September 15, students from all over the world come 2019 scientific intern, Bernecky group 2019 ISTern, Edelsbrunner group conducting research and to build connections within to IST Austria to work on a short-term research pro­ academia and among their scientific peers. ject in close cooperation with a faculty or laboratory During her master studies at the IMC University of Tatiana participated in an ISTernship with the member. In 2019, 44 ISTerns—selected from over Applied Sciences, Krems, Austria, Edwine chose Edelsbrunner group in the last year of her bachelor’s IST Austria offers two types of internships: 3’000 applicants—spent their summers researching IST Austria for her practical work because of the at New York University, USA. What attracted her topics in 27 different research groups. Their research international environment and the opportunity to was the opportunity to be part of the open and experiences were rounded off with lectures given by grow as a young researcher. For one year, she collaborative space at IST Austria that truly encourages faculty members and postdocs, and culminated in a worked with the Bernecky group where she studied scientific exploration. “My experience at IST Austria poster session where ISTerns presented their projects the function of a protein involved in depositing an was an incredible mix of science, curiosity and great to the campus community. abundant RNA modification found in mammals. companionship. Truly the best summer!” Tatiana says. “When I joined IST Austria as an intern, it became The project on Poisson-Delaunay mosaics during her Though their time at the Institute is short, the ISTerns’ clear very quickly that this is not just a place to ISTernship not only introduced her to a new field work often results in scientific papers. Besides work”, Edwine says. “Besides the international spirit of computational topology, but led to the decision the core mission of training future researchers, the I enjoyed that I can follow my passion for science to extend her stay to the next year and become Institute has an additional interest in hosting these while receiving great support to follow my career a scientific intern. Later on, Tatiana is planning to young scientists: several former ISTerns have joined plans.” Upon completing her degree, Edwine aims continue her academic career with a master’s IST Austria to pursue their doctorates. to gain experience in science education. By doing so, degree and a PhD. she hopes to inspire and motivate the next generation The ISTernship program is run in collaboration with to become curiosity-driven and ambitious problem the OeAD, the Austrian agency for international solvers. mobility and cooperation in education, science and research.

Year-round scientific internships “Being an ISTern Interns can also join IST Austria throughout the year is a unique academic to collaborate with a particular research group for up to one year. During 2019, the Institute hosted opportunity and a great 31 scientific interns in 20 different research groups. personal experience!”

“Absolutely amazing, transformative and memorable: working on what you love and meeting wonderful people from all over the world!”

28 29 Training the next generation PhD students at IST Austria

Educating PhD students is a core mission of IST Austria. The Institute’s Graduate School offers a multidisciplinary PhD program that supports students in becoming experts in their fields while fostering communication and collaboration across research groups and disciplines.

Since the first student intake in 2010, IST Austria’s Rotations Graduate Student Association PhD program has grown rapidly, from an initial class During their first year at IST Austria, students sample All PhD students are represented by the Graduate size of seven students admitted through the call for research projects in different groups during three Student Association (GSA). The GSA serves as a PhD students in 2010 to 61 students entering in 2019. required rotations. The students’ freedom to tailor platform for exchanging opinions and fostering As of December 31, 2019, a total of 223 people had their rotations to fit their backgrounds and research communication between students, and constitutes PhD student contracts at IST Austria; 81 students interests—whether this entails a focus within one area an interface between the graduate students of had successfully graduated. or an open-minded exploration of different fields—is IST Austria and the rest of the Institute. Two elected one part of what makes the IST Austria PhD program student representatives communicate the students’ IST Austria’s PhD program unique and valuable. ideas, feedback and criticism to management and PhD students at IST Austria can choose from six faculty, and organize regular meetings to discuss different tracks of study: biology, computer science, Independent research issues and promote networking. Graduate students data science and scientific computing, mathematics, Once students decide on their topic of research, also serve in numerous campus committees, helping neuroscience, and physics. Many faculty members they affiliate with a research group and take their to improve the PhD program, recognize teaching are associated with multiple tracks, reflecting the qualifying exam. They spend the next three to four achievements, organize activities, and more. interdisciplinary nature of the research groups on years pursuing independent research and working campus and allowing students to approach topics of towards their PhD theses. Students are also expected interest from a variety of angles. Each track has a set to serve as teaching assistants for a course in order of mandatory courses ensuring that students gain the to get valuable hands-on teaching skills, and to present background they need to succeed in their area of their research in a larger setting outside of their choice. research group at least once per year.

Core project Diverse experiences Regardless of their track, all PhD students participate Graduate students not only make up the largest group in the Institute’s signature core project. During this on campus, they are also one of the most diverse, interdisciplinary course, barriers to communication both in terms of nationality and background, and between fields are broken down to allow effective in terms of their experiences during their time at collaboration among students across disciplines. the Institute and their contributions as part of the Furthermore, the course trains students to communi- IST Austria community. The opportunity to take cate their work to a wider audience and to confidently short-term internships in industry and at other respond to open-ended questions. research institutions rounds off their PhD experiences as well as their CVs. Core components To succeed in an ever more competitive world, general and transferable skills are invaluable. IST Austria PhD students receive a strong foundation through the general skills curriculum heavily focused on writing skills.

30 31 Career development The value of IST Austria is not only measured by the quality of scientific research performed and the publications written, but also by the career success of its students and postdocs. The IST Austria PHD STUDENTS alumni network (see also pages 38-39) actively engages with the How to apply Institute’s former scientists and ensures alumni participation in IST Austria is looking for highly IST Austria events and activities. motivated, exceptional students who are passionate about scientific research With regular career talks, skills training sessions as well as visits and have a drive to succeed. Students from industry leaders, the IST Austria career development program who have or will complete a bachelor’s helps students prepare for a career in academia, industry, and or master’s degree by the time they other sectors. begin their studies at IST Austria are invited to apply. The annual As of 2019, 48 or around 60% of all PhD alumni are actively application deadline is in January working in academia. Impressively, among these, more than 90% for a start in September of the are engaged in basic research. This fact perfectly aligns with same year. IST Austria’s mission of training the next generation of scientists. https://phd.ist.ac.at

Careers of IST Austria PhD alumni

Academia

59%

Business and industry 21%

Public service 4%

Michelle Yeo Mike Hennessey-Wesen Unknown 16% PhD student, Pietrzak group PhD student, Hof group

Michelle Yeo studied at the University of Chicago, Mike Hennessey-Wesen is a fourth-year PhD student USA, and University College London, UK, and is now working in the Hof group. He started his education a second-year PhD student in the Pietrzak group in physics, having worked in nonlinear optics and PhD alumni in academia where she is working on theoretical aspects of accelerator science before coming to IST Austria. sustainable cryptocurrencies. She is particularly After joining Björn Hof's research group, he became Assistant Professor or equivalent interested in this area of research as it has its origins attracted by biology and started working on a method 4% in a theoretically fascinating question and could to precisely measure the rates of mutation in bacteria potentially have a huge environmental impact. At using microfluidics and fluorescence microscopy. Group/Project leader the end of her first year at IST Austria, she attended “Over the course of my project, I hope to shine light 4% the inaugural Blockchain Summer School, where on questions about DNA architecture and large-scale experts in the field pass on their knowledge to organization effect mutation”, Mike says. He is also in- Postdoc junior researchers. Inspired by her experience terested in education at IST Austria, having served as 77% and disappointed with the scant knowledge of the physics student track representative and as a cryptocurrencies the everyday person has, she member of the working group for the improvement of Scientist is keen to organize a similar event for the general the Graduate School. Additionally, he is working as 8% public. Michelle: “For most people, blockchains are a teaching assistant for the core project within IST very mysterious objects. I want to debunk this myth Austria’s PhD program, a first-year course meant to Other through raising awareness and proper education.” foster interdisciplinary communi­cation skills among 6% incoming students.

32 33 POSTDOCS A chance to grow How to apply Scientists interested in conducting postdoctoral research Postdocs at IST Austria at IST Austria can apply by contacting professors directly. www.ist.ac.at/education/postdocs The years following the completion of a PhD are important for early-career scientists. IST Austria provides postdoctoral fellows with a world-class multidisciplinary research environment, giving them the resources and opportunity to broaden their scientific horizons.

Climbing the career ladder Sharing knowledge and building community After the completion of a PhD, a postdoc position at Developing a solid network of peers has benefits IST Austria with a duration of up to five years gives at every career level, especially for postdocs, who early-career scientists the chance to grow profession- are under pressure to be scientifically productive, ally, while not yet shouldering the responsibilities of to communicate their results and to start new collabo- a research group leader. IST Austria brings together rations. In October 2019, IST Austria postdocs went the faculty, facilities and support to help postdocs on a retreat in Rust by Lake Neusiedl. The weekend develop the skills necessary for their next career included career development trainings, short steps elsewhere. Already at the beginning of their science talks as well as team-building activities. stay, postdocs assess their professional profiles and skill sets together with a career counselor. During Postdocs at IST Austria also take the time to work their time at IST Austria, postdocs interact closely with younger generations of scientists. Several with colleagues from different fields through shared courses on campus were taught by postdocs in 2019. infrastructure, joint projects and events. Postdocs also provide members of the public with tours of the research facilities during the Open Over the course of 2019, 214 postdocs were part Campus and help organize the Young Scientist of the campus community, designing and executing Symposium. projects, building connections in academia and Sven Truckenbrodt Tanya Kaushal Srivastava industry, writing papers, and attending conferences. Funding postdoctoral fellows The final call for the ISTplus program, a Marie Postdoc, Danzl group Postdoc, Hausel group Skłodowska-Curie COFUND scheme of the EU, took place in 2019. This program focused on post- Sven Truckenbrodt received his PhD in neuroscience Tanya Kaushal Srivastava holds a PhD in mathematics doctoral career development by offering fellows the from the University of Göttingen, Germany, and the from the Freie Universität Berlin, Germany. As a opportunity to undertake secondments of up to six International Max Planck Research School for postdoc at IST Austria, she is currently working in the months at intersectoral partners. In total, 70 postdocs Molecular Biology. As a postdoc at IST Austria, he area of arithmetic algebraic geometry in the Hausel have accepted offers to join the Institute as ISTplus develops microscopy methods in the Danzl group, group. Her research is focused on understanding fellows. Succeeding ISTplus, a competitive post- an interdisciplinary team of biologists, neuroscientists so-called derived categories of K3 surfaces. Tanya doctoral fellowship program (funded by IST Austria) and physicists working on advanced light microscopy. has worked on counting how many K3 surfaces, over will launch in 2020, with the first call for applicants Sven uses a new technique called expansion micros- fields of positive characteristic, have the same derived in fall 2020. Details on the application process to copy, which allows scientists to get around the categories and developed an understanding of the follow at www.ist.ac.at/education/postdocs. traditional resolution limits in microscopy. A particular differences in automorphisms of K3 surfaces when version of this technique, which he developed himself, seen as autoequivalences. String theorists find her allows him to investigate how cells are organized and work interesting as the counts of derived equivalent what is going on inside them much more easily. Sven: three-dimensional analogues of K3 surfaces also “In science, we uncover what nobody has ever known correspond to the number of multiple landscape before. This is a thrill, a challenge and a powerful universes in String Theory. Tanya: “My curiosity to motivator at the same time.” know and understand how nature works motivates me the most to follow a career in mathematics.”

34 35 Pursuing academic Advancing methods careers and technology Professorships at IST Austria Staff scientists at IST Austria

Following the sole criteria of “person before area” and “quality before speed”, IST Austria Staff scientists are fully trained researchers who provide special skills, expertise has hired brilliant minds to become one of the top research institutions for basic science and experience. They aim to establish or further advance technology and methods worldwide. A tenure-track system ensures long-term high-quality scientific standards. within the Scientific Service Units on campus.

When hiring new faculty, IST Austria does not fill Most professors at IST Austria are hired early in their Staff scientists at IST Austria are usually associated Staff scientists receive a temporary contract at the pre-defined thematic slots. Instead, applicants are career to build up independent research groups at with a Scientific Service Unit (see page 52) and work beginning of their employment and are evaluated after screened for scientific quality and promising research the peak of their creativity. Following the tenure-track independently from a particular research group. five years before receiving permanent contracts. Their ideas within or even beyond the Institute’s current system common in the USA, IST Austria requires junior With their skills and expertise, they contribute to continued presence prevents the loss of knowledge core areas of chemistry, computer science, life group leaders to go through a similar procedure: they the advancement of methodology and experimental as other scientists leave the Institute and sustains sciences, mathematics, and physics. join the Institute as Assistant Professors with a limited set-ups. Due to their ability to develop and apply stable institutional structures. contract and, should they successfully pass a tenure innovative solutions to all kinds of research questions, evaluation, receive an unlimited contract. The result of their support and collaboration with different research During 2019, five staff scientists were employed at the tenure evaluation is solely based on the research- groups contributes to the success of numerous IST Austria (see also pages 99‒101). ers’ contribution to and advancements in the respec- projects at IST Austria. tive scientific field reviewed by international peers. Scientists who have already led a research group for a minimum of six years elsewhere receive unlimited contracts and join the Institute as tenured Professors.

“From day one, IST Austria allowed me to In 2019, the IST Austria faculty consisted of independently follow my personal research goals, 30 Professors—including three who successfully completely free of conventions. I also owe it to this passed their tenure evaluations this year—and freedom of action that I am now able to translate my 23 Assistant Professors (see also pages 70-98). ongoing academic research into products that can improve the diagnostics of children with conditions such as autism and epilepsy.” Gaia Novarino IST Austria Assistant Professor 2014-2019, Professor since April 1, 2019

“The support I have received from IST Austria has surpassed my expectations. Junior faculty receive startup packages on par with large US research universities and an additional, generous annual operating budget. Further, I have been fully able to give input on institute decisions, request changes to scientific services, and participate in faculty recruiting. I have not heard of a more favorable environment for young faculty anywhere.” Andrew Higginbotham IST Austria Assistant Professor since 2019

36 37 Out into the world IST Austria’s alumni network

Upon graduating or finishing their research work, PhD students and postdocs leave IST Austria to pursue their careers elsewhere. But no matter how far away they go, Catherine McKenzie Jörg Renkawitz they remain part of the IST Austria community as members of the Institute’s alumni network. Postdoc, Institute for Interdisciplinary Professor and group leader, Neuroscience (IINS), Bordeaux, France Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany Catherine McKenzie completed her BSc in biology with an emphasis on neuroscience at the University of Jörg Renkawitz studied biochemistry at the LMU California, San Diego, USA, before joining IST Austria Munich and the Technical University (TU) Munich, as a PhD student in the Janovjak group. During Germany. In 2014, he joined the lab of Michael Sixt at Where IST Austria postdocs go her time at the Institute, she focused on building IST Austria for his postdoctoral research. Here, he Former IST Austria postdocs who left Austria have biological methods to specifically address how studied the principles of immune cell navigation taken similar paths and joined universities, research tangible elements of the mammalian brain translate through three-dimensional microenvironments, institutes and companies at various career levels and to cognitive processes and behavioral output. combining bioimaging, microfluidics and cell biology. in all corners of the earth. Some joined the ranks of She graduated in 2018. Her postdoctoral work at He won the Life Science Research Awards Austria full and associate professors at one of the following IINS focuses on employing 3D super-resolution 2019 by the Austrian Association of Molecular Life institutions: microscopy, optogenetics and electrophysiology Sciences and Biotechnology for his research on University of Bonn, Germany | Jacobs University Bremen, to understand the role of adhesion proteins during “Nuclear positioning facilitates amoeboid migration Germany | University of Bristol, UK | Gdansk University, Poland | synaptic remodeling events in real-time by optical along the path of least resistance”. In 2018, Jörg Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel | New York University, USA | Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IITB), India | recruitment and reassembly of these proteins at received the endowed Peter Hans Hofschneider University of Science and Technology of China | University of synapses. Catherine: “IST Austria gave me a unique Professorship for Molecular Medicine (Stiftung Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan opportunity to flex my creative research process by Experimentelle Biomedizin) and established his being exposed to a highly interdisciplinary scientific research group at the Biomedical Center Munich Other former IST Austria postdocs are now assistant environment. This allowed me to think outside of of LMU Munich. Jörg: “My research time at IST professors at institutions such as: the box in my approach to design and implement Austria was extremely captivating and fruitful as the A growing international network KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden | University of novel biological methods, which I have been able Institute offers a fascinating interdisciplinary research IST Austria alumni have spread all around the world Warwick, UK | University of California, Davis, USA | Skolkovo to translate to my postdoctoral work.“ environment, excellent scientific core facilities and Institute of Science and Technology, Russia | Purdue University, and hold a diversity of positions in various sectors, USA | Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China | the freedom to entirely focus on research.” be it academia and science, business and industry, or Keio University, Tokyo, Japan public service: While about 20% of alumni have joined institutions in Austria like TU Vienna, the University Others yet again are continuing their research as of Vienna, TU Graz, or Med Uni Vienna, as well as postdocs, for instance at: companies like AIT, Bosch, Infineon, or ImageBiopsy University of Manchester, UK | Weizmann Institute of Science, Lab, the bigger part of them—80%—has left Austria Israel | Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), USA | Princeton University, USA | University of Pennsylvania, USA | to continue their career abroad. University of California San Diego, USA

The IST Austria Alumni Relations team has worked to Another group of IST Austria postdoc alumni became maintain an active relationship with the ever growing group or team leaders at: network of currently more than 300 alumni, inviting Roche group, Switzerland | INRIA Saclay, France | University of them back to campus to share their experiences and Tübingen, Germany | Max Planck Institutes, Germany | Institute reaching out to them with news and opportunities Curie, France | Cardiff University, UK | Institute of Photonic to visit IST Austria, for instance as guest lecturers. Sciences (ICFO), Spain

Where IST Austria PhD students go Moreover, among IST Austria postdoc alumni are After graduating from IST Austria and leaving senior scientists or department heads at companies the country, PhD students have found assistant and institutions such as: professor or postdoctoral positions at some of the BMW, Germany | Bosch Center for Artificial Intelligence, Germany | top universities of the world, such as ETH Zurich or Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK), Germany | Vision Institute of Sorbonne Université, France | EPFL Lausanne, Switzerland, or Harvard, Stanford Genentech, USA | Wickr, USA University, and the University of Chicago, USA. In the industry sector, former IST Austria students are now employed with international companies like Google, Amazon or Bosch. 38 39 RESEARCH

Seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana in IST Austria's plant facility. Biology

Physical forces in fish The atomic structure The effects of a plant embryo development of molecular machines hormone in animals

Heisenberg and Hannezo groups Sazanov group Benková and Sixt groups

A fish embryo follows a big goal: it has to Protein complexes play central roles in The plant hormones cytokinin and auxin divide from one into thousands of cells in a regulating metabolic processes in animals act as principal regulators of fundamental very short amount of time. To understand and humans alike; malfunction can lead to biological processes such as cell division the physical basis of early fish embryo serious disorders. For the first time in 2019, and differentiation. In 2019, the team of Eva development, the research group of devel- structural biologist Leonid Sazanov and Benková in collaboration with the group of Biology, the study of life and living organisms, opmental biologist Carl-Philipp Heisenberg his group visualized and analyzed the Michael Sixt identified a so far unknown encompasses a range of fields—from cell biology has repeatedly teamed up with the group near-atomic structure of the mitochondrial function of cytokinin in the regulation of of theoretical physicist Edouard Hannezo. enzyme transhydrogenase. Parts of this the microtubular cytoskeleton, one of the to evolution, from genetics to development. Similarly, In 2019, one of their multi-disciplinary stud- study’s data were the first to be published core cellular structures in both plants and biology research at IST Austria covers a wide range ies published in Cell revealed that combined using one of three new cryo-electron animals. In plants, an increase of cytokinin pulling and pushing forces involving different microscopes installed at IST Austria in activity correlated with reduced dynamics of areas and involves many collaborations both actin structures within the embryo facilitate fall 2018. of microtubules. Intriguingly, application of within and outside the immediate subject area. the segregation of the cytoplasm from the Similarly, the so-called “resolution revolution” this plant hormone led to rapid stabilization yolk—a key process in the development of based on state-of-the-art cryo-electron of microtubules also in animal cells. the fish larva. microscopy also enabled the Sazanov group This unexpected finding suggests that In 2019, biologists at IST Austria explored questions Earlier this year, Heisenberg and Hannezo to identify various conformational states of cytokinin targets some of the functionally co-authored a study in Nature Cell Biology a central ATP synthase representative and conserved elements of the microtubule including: How do the concerted actions of mechanical showing that zebrafish embryos partly turn thus to fill in a gap in the evolutionary tree network in both plant and animal cells. and biochemical signals drive key cellular processes liquid during their early development in a of these essential molecular machines. Moreover, it opens an exciting research area process resembling a rigidity transition. This The data presented in the journals Nature on evolutionary conservation of mechanisms in the zebrafish embryo? How can cells squeeze through rigidity transition had long been speculated and Science, respectively, are highly relevant that control microtubule activity—and it tight tissue barriers? What does the structure of an to exist in living matter, but was described for the development of currently unavailable might provide important knowledge with for the first time to occur in a living organism therapeutic options. respect to the development of targeted enzyme tell us about its function? How do plants regulate in this study. therapies in diseases related to defects in their root growth, and how do they heal wounds? cell division or differentiation, such as cancer.

Faculty Mathematical Models of Evolution NICK BARTON | Hormonal Cross-Talk in Plants EVA BENKOVÁ | RNA-based Gene Regulation CARRIE BERNECKY | Social Immunity SYLVIA CREMER | High-Resolution Optical Imaging for Biology JOHANN DANZL | Genes, Circuits, and Behavior MARIO DE BONO | Developmental and Cell Biology of Plants JIŘÍ FRIML | Systems and Synthetic Biology of Genetic Networks CĂLIN GUET | Physical Principles in Biological Systems EDOUARD HANNEZO | Morphogenesis in Development CARL-PHILIPP HEISENBERG | Tissue Growth and Developmental Pattern Formation ANNA KICHEVA | Evolutionary Genomics FYODOR KONDRASHOV | Self-organization of Protein Systems MARTIN LOOSE | Structural Biology of Membrane Protein Complexes LEONID SAZANOV | Structural Biology of Cell Migration and Viral Infection FLORIAN SCHUR | Neuroimmunology in Health and Disease SANDRA SIEGERT | Invasive Migration DARIA SIEKHAUS | Morphodynamics of Immune Cells MICHAEL SIXT | Theoretical Biophysics and Neuroscience GAŠPER TKAČIK | Sex Chromosome Biology and Evolution BEATRIZ VICOSO

42 43 Computer science

Scalable distributed New algorithmic High-quality machine learning aspects of formal animations methods at low cost

Alistarh group Chatterjee group Wojtan group

The accelerated recent progress in machine Computer models, which simulate and This year, the Wojtan group published a new learning has been enabled by the ability to predict real-world systems, can be broadly method for animating water waves in high distribute the training of machine learning split up into two categories: deterministic quality without requiring a supercomputer. Computer science at IST Austria stands out in two particular models, and in particular deep neural net- and stochastic models. While deterministic While Fourier-based methods are efficient, works, onto large numbers of computing models provide a specific mathematical but cannot model complicated interactions, ways: first, all computer science groups share an appreciation nodes. As models and datasets grow larger, output, stochastic models estimate the numerical techniques can simulate a wide for foundational thinking and build their research on a the communication and synchronization probability of potential outcomes by allowing range of such effects, but are much more costs of distributed training are becoming for random variation of one or more inputs. computationally expensive. As a result, mathematically rigorous base. New insights are made and a key bottleneck to progress in this area. Common everyday examples of stochastic detailed scenes, such as ripples forming as new algorithms and formalisms developed, based on mathe­ Removing this scalability barrier is the models include stock markets or wealth a wave interacts with an island or even a focus of the Alistarh group. and inequality estimations. Whilst stochastic boat passing by, are practically impossible matical concepts and computational thinking. Second, the This year, the group published new work models have been around for a long time, to animate due to the sheer processing time groups work to foster interdisciplinarity, strengthening the describing an implementation of the the algorithms used to analyze them suffer and computational power needed. Message-Passing Interface (MPI), which from many fundamental problems. Further- The publication in ACM Transactions on ties between life sciences, physics, mathematics, and computer provides native support for efficient commu- more, the emergence of new technologies Graphics, which was also selected for science—one of IST Austria’s signature characteristics. nication for machine learning algorithms, and complex data systems increase the presentation at the annual ACM SIGGRAPH in the form of quantized and sparse types. need for algorithmic solutions that are Conference, proposed an analytical solution The open-source framework, developed in faster, scalable and more efficient. for efficiently animating circular ripples in Among other topics, this year, IST Austria’s computer collaboration with Torsten Hoefler’s group The Chatterjee group, together with closed form. Moreover, the Wojtan group at ETH Zurich, was presented at the 2019 collaborators from the University of Vienna, was able to show how to adapt the method scientists focused on solving scalability issues in machine Supercomputing Conference in Denver, Austria, and Harvard University, USA, of fundamental solutions (MFS) to create learning, identifying new algorithm approaches for stochastic USA. It builds on previous theoretical work develop novel algorithmic approaches for ambient waves interacting with complex published by the Alistarh group in the the “formal methods” used for stochastic obstacles. A novel wavelet-based discretiza- computer models, or developing an efficient way to animate Proceedings of the Conference on Neural models. This will inevitably benefit other tion was introduced, which outperforms the water waves. Information Processing Systems (NIPS) scientific disciplines as well as emerging state of the art MFS approach for simulating 2017 and 2018. technologies such as social cooperation time-varying water surface waves with modelling and artificial intelligence. moving obstacles.

Faculty Distributed Algorithms and Systems DAN ALISTARH | Computer Graphics and Digital Fabrication BERND BICKEL | Computer-aided Verification, Game Theory KRISHNENDU CHATTERJEE | Algorithms, Computational Geometry, and Computational Topology HERBERT EDELSBRUNNER | Design and Analysis of Concurrent and Embedded Systems THOMAS A. HENZINGER | Discrete Optimization VLADIMIR KOLMOGOROV | Computer Vision and Machine Learning CHRISTOPH LAMPERT | Data Science, Machine Learning, and Information Theory MARCO MONDELLI | Cryptography KRZYSZTOF PIETRZAK | Discrete and Computational Geometry and Topology ULI WAGNER | Computer Graphics and Physics Simulation CHRIS WOJTAN

44 45 Mathematics

Optimal transport in How geometric Embeddability, Dio- large networks is topology? phantine equations, and undecidability

Maas group Edelsbrunner group Wagner group

How should one transfer mass from a ... or how topological is geometry? Indeed, A simplicial complex is a purely combinatorial given initial configuration to a prescribed for shapes more complicated than common description of a geometric shape in terms target configuration in such a way that the designs, geometric size is conveniently of simple building blocks—points, line Mathematics allows us to distill ideas and observations, total transport cost is minimized? This measured by accumulating the topological segments, triangles, tetrahedra, etc.—that optimal transport problem plays a key role connectivity of slices or other subsets. For are glued together in a “nice” way. This is to abstract things to their fundamentals and precisely in geometry and probability theory, as well example, the surface area of a solid shape a very common way of representing shapes define concepts, objects and the connections between as in applications to data science and in 3D is 2/π times the integral over all lines, in computational topology and many engineering. An important question in the of the number of components in which the applications. Given a simplicial complex, them. It provides a language to formalize quantitative field is how optimal transport behaves on line meets the shape. By randomly picking can it be topologically embedded (possibly aspects of the natural sciences and a way of thinking that large networks. In 2019, Lorenzo Portinale a few lines, we get a good estimate of the bending and stretching the simplices, but and Jan Maas from IST Austria, together area even when conventional methods break without self-intersections) into d-dimensional is useful across a wide spectrum of research fields. Mathe­ with collaborators from the University down. This is an example of the Crofton Euclidean space? If the dimension d of the maticians at IST Austria understand their areas deeply and of Bonn, investigated the behavior of formula of integral geometry. ambient space is sufficiently large compared dynamical optimal transport on large More generally, the research in the to the dimension k of the simplicial complex, combine this with the ability and openness to communicate discrete structures that approximate Edelsbrunner group blurs the line between more precisely if d ≥ 3(k+1)/2, then it is with scientists in other disciplines. They have interests in a continuous domain. geometry and topology, and indeed between known that there is an efficient (polynomial- Naively, one might expect that the mathematics and computer science. time) algorithm for deciding this problem. a variety of areas—from analysis to topology, from optimal discrete cost converges to the This blend of methods is a potent mix that By contrast, Uli Wagner and colleagues combinatorics to mathematical physics and beyond. optimal continuous cost. Surprisingly, the allows for sometimes unexpected bridges recently proved that the problem is research shows that the discrete transport between abstract mathematics and concrete algorithmically undecidable if 7≤ d < cost is often strictly cheaper, as the applications. 3(k+1)/2 by showing that one can encode This year, questions around optimal transport in large transport can be arranged to exploit an arbitrary system of Diophantine equations inhomogeneities in the network structure. (polynomial equations over the integers) into networks or embeddability in high dimensions were In the one-dimensional periodic setting, the an embeddability problem. This completely answered, and the line between topology and geometry researchers obtained an explicit formula for settles the decidability of the embeddability the optimal transport cost in the discrete problem in high dimensions and establishes was being blurred on purpose. network. a sharp dichotomy between polynomial-time solvable and undecidable cases.

Faculty Mathematical Models of Evolution NICK BARTON | Analytic Number Theory and its Interfaces TIM BROWNING | Algorithms, Computational Geometry, and Computational Topology HERBERT EDELSBRUNNER | Mathematics of Disordered Quantum Systems and Matrices LÁSZLÓ ERDŐS | Theory of Partial Differential Equations, Applied and Numerical Analysis JULIAN FISCHER | Geometry and its Interfaces TAMÁS HAUSEL | Stochastic Analysis JAN MAAS | Mathematical Physics ROBERT SEIRINGER | Discrete and Computational Geometry and Topology ULI WAGNER

46 47 Neuroscience

A “treasure map” How to control The immune system in the rat’s brain brain size of the brain

Csicsvari group Hippenmeyer group Siegert group

Grid cells and place cells are specialized The human cerebral cortex is the seat of Besides neurons, special immune cells neurons located in different brain areas that our cognitive abilities and composed of an called microglia are widely distributed allow the brain to create a distributed map extraordinary number of neurons and glial across the brain. Microglia are found to of the outside world in which one navigates. cells. How the cortex arises from neural act directly on neurons either during neuro- Place cells make a mental map of the stem cells during embryonic development is development, where they alter neuronal Neuroscientists study the nervous system to understand environment, as each neuron is only active a major unsolved question in neuroscience. synaptic connectivity, or in the course of how our brain works. Neuroscience is a highly multidisci- at specific locations. Grid cells, on the other The Hippenmeyer group’s recent efforts in neurodegeneration, where they remove hand, are active in many locations drawing the lab have led to several discoveries and neurons under a still unknown mechanism. plinary field of science, combining physiology, molecular a mosaic pattern of the whole environment. revealed new insights into this important In the adult brain, microglia are commonly biology, developmental biology, and cognitive science, In a Science study published in 2019, the neurobiological problem. With the help of assumed to “just” survey the neuronal team around Jozsef Csicsvari showed that advanced mouse genetic technologies, the environment for potential insults such as with links to mathematics, computer science and physics. grid cells also carry information related researchers deciphered a new function for injuries or infection, and preventing the Accordingly, the research backgrounds of neuroscientists to goals, deforming their activity fields to epigenetic regulatory cues in the control of spread of the damage. provide rats with a “treasure map” of where neural stem cell lineage progression during Neuroscientist Sandra Siegert and her at IST Austria are diverse. to reach goals, like hidden rewards. At the corticogenesis. team with lead investigator Alessandro same time, the researchers recorded activity These new findings contribute to the Venturino have challenged this microglia from place cells, and observed that their basic understanding of the mechanisms “survey” function, showing that microglia In 2019, neuroscientists at IST Austria investigated firing also shifts towards the goal location. instructing the generation of cell type remove neuronal plasticity-locked structures questions such as: What is the genetic basis of inherited However, while grid cells maintained the diversity and brain size in general. Ultimately, in the brain upon certain drugs, which leads deformed pattern overnight, place cell the group’s current and future scientific to restored juvenile plasticity. This study forms of neurodevelopmental disorders, such as epilepsy firing reset, suggesting that grid cells are program shall provide new insights into the (currently under revision) was selected by and autism? How can one and the same stem cell produce important for longer-term memory recall. fundamental question of why human brain the Society for Neuroscience (SfN) as one of development is so sensitive to the disruption 100 “Hot Topics” in Neuroscience 2019—out different types of nerve cells? How does our brain of particular signaling pathways in the of more than 14’000 abstracts submitted to enable us to find our way around our environment? pathological condition. the world’s largest neuroscience conference. Which methods are suitable for detecting and visualizing functional molecules in the nerve cell—and how can these methods be optimized?

Faculty Systems Neuroscience JOZSEF CSICSVARI | High-resolution Optical Imaging for Biology JOHANN DANZL | Genes, Circuits, and Behavior MARIO DE BONO | Genetic Dissection of Cerebral Cortex Development SIMON HIPPENMEYER | Cellular Neuroscience PETER JONAS | Neuroethology MAX JÖSCH | Genetic and Molecular Basis of Neurodevelopmental Disorders GAIA NOVARINO | Molecular Neuroscience RYUICHI SHIGEMOTO | Neuroimmunology in Health and Disease SANDRA SIEGERT | Biophysics and Neuroscience GAŠPER TKAČIK

48 49 Physics and chemistry

Nanocrystals enhance At the interface of Non-ergodic thermoelectric physics and chemistry quantum matter performance

Ibáñez group Lemeshko group Serbyn group

Nanocrystal-based solids have a wide range The Lemeshko group works at the interface In contrast to ergodic systems, which are of applications including photovoltaics, of condensed-matter and chemical physics, at the heart of statistical mechanics, non- field-effect transistors and thermoelectrics. with a particular focus on quantum process- ergodic quantum many-body systems fail Physics is one of the oldest and most fundamental disciplines, To produce high-performance materials for es involving molecules. One of the recently to thermalize. Without reaching a thermal each of these applications, the transport pursued directions deals with developing equilibrium, they have the potential to keep and at IST Austria, scientists have approached questions in (electronic and thermal) properties of the techniques to describe molecular rotation their quantum nature for extended time and inspired by this field from many different perspectives, semiconductor nanocrystal solid need to be in the presence of a quantum “bath”, such periods. With the EU-funded NEQuM properly engineered. A versatile approach as a solvent or a crystal. This problem— project, the Serbyn group aims to shed using both experimental and theoretical methods. Moreover, to tune them is using the nanocrystal especially, far from equilibrium—pushes further light on the dynamics and properties 2019 also marked the start of tackling scientific questions surface. Most commonly, alteration of the the limits of state-of-the-art techniques of of these isolated quantum systems. surface ligation has been used to modify quantum chemistry. Exploring different routes to ergodicity related to chemistry. type, concentration and/or mobility of The Lemeshko group has shown that breaking, including disorder, frustration, majority carriers. problems of this sort can be made tractable and hidden symmetries, will deepen the In 2019, the Ibáñez group proposed a new by introducing a new quasiparticle—the understanding of quantum physics. This year, the diverse interests of the physics and chemistry ligand exchange approach to simultaneously “angulon”—which consists of a rotating Project results stemming from new analytical groups have led to questions such as: How can the surface of adjust the electronic band structure and molecule dressed by a cloud of bath and numerical techniques aim to lay the introduce nanoinclusions to reduce the excitations carrying angular momentum. foundations for establishing a general nanocrystals enhance thermoelectric performance? How can thermal conductivity. The work developed Other projects pursued by the group deal theory of non-equilibrium quantum systems. the interfaces between physics and chemistry be described at IST Austria provides opportunities to with understanding molecular chirality and In addition to advancing the fundamental develop new materials with improved exploring the possibilities to use chiral understanding, describing the remaining in theory? Which insights can be gained for non-ergodic thermoelectric performance. molecules for spintronics, developing quantum properties in non-ergodic systems quantum matter when classical physics is applied? models to describe transport in hybrid on longer time-scales are also relevant organic-inorganic perovskites, and revealing for future technologies and could find the properties of strongly correlated exciton application in information processing and liquids in semiconductors. storage.

Faculty Non-linear and Time-resolved Optical Spectroscopy of Strongly Correlated Electron Systems ZHANYBEK ALPICHSHEV | High-resolution Optical Imaging for Biology JOHANN DANZL | Mathematics of Disordered Quantum Systems and Matrices LÁSZLÓ ERDŐS | Quantum Integrated Devices JOHANNES FINK | Physical Principles in Biological Systems EDOUARD HANNEZO | Condensed Matter and Quantum Circuits ANDREW HIGGINBOTHAM | Nonlinear Dynamics and Turbulence BJÖRN HOF | Quantum Sensing with Atoms and Light ONUR HOSTEN | Functional Nanomaterials MARIA IBÁÑEZ | Nanoelectronics GEORGIOS KATSAROS | Theoretical Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics MIKHAIL LEMESHKO | Mathematical Physics ROBERT SEIRINGER | Condensed Matter Theory and Quantum Dynamics MAKSYM SERBYN | Theoretical Biophysics and Neuroscience GAŠPER TKAČIK | Soft and Complex Materials SCOTT WAITUKAITIS

50 51 Supporting science I Scientific Service Units at IST Austria

At an institution like IST Austria, different research groups often have similar needs. To guarantee professional operation and maintenance of shared equipment, IST Austria centrally runs and manages diverse facilities as Scientific Service Units (SSUs).

Microscopes, 3D printing, computing resources, and The Bioimaging Facility supports researchers The Life Science Facility supports experimental access to publications are just a few examples of with state-of the art microscopes, flow cytometry scientists (mainly biologists) by providing laboratory equipment and services that many scientists require equipment, advanced user trainings, assay develop- infrastructure such as refrigerators, shakers and for their research, no matter in which group or field ment, and image analysis. In 2019, the facility was centrifuges. In addition, the facility offers a wide they work in. IST Austria’s eight SSUs are each led by extended with an additional microscopy room and spectrum of supplies for experiments, from liquid a manager and staffed with a team of experts that three advanced microscopes that bring in new nitrogen to agar plates, and runs the fish and plant maintains the equipment and supports scientists with technologies and one cell sorter that allows cytometry facilities. New since 2019 are a mass spectrometry know-how, customized development and training. services outside of core facility hours. and a virus preparation service.

Scientists use a central platform to book the available The Electron Microscopy Facility provides electron The Miba Machine Shop produces and provides equipment. External users can also book the facilities microscopes as well as sample preparation and custom-tailored mechanical and electronic equipment at market-compliant prices, provided slots are image analysis facilities for the life sciences, physics and setups for all experimental research groups. available. The SSU system not only guarantees well- and chemistry. In 2019, two recently installed state- To increase the available space, an extension of the maintained equipment, it also avoids idle machines, of-the-art cryo-electron microscopes went into full Machine Shop—alongside a central storage— fosters collaboration and communication between operation. In August, the journal Nature published was opened in November 2019. groups, and makes it easy for research groups to first research results by the Sazanov group based on enter into new technologies. work with one of the new machines. IST Austria now The Preclinical Facility provides infrastructure for holds the largest and most advanced cryo-electron research groups using laboratory animals for scientific Over the years, the SSUs have grown up to more microscopy facility currently being operated in Austria. experiments. Its main duties include breeding, docu- than 90 employees. In order to meet the needs of the mentation and genetic identification of transgenic research groups and to support the start-up of new The Nanofabrication Facility develops, optimizes mouse and rat strains as well as hygienic sanitation faculty members, the SSUs keep striving to adapt and maintains micro- and nanofabrication processes. of mouse strains. and expand their services. Constant learning ensures Its staff constantly works to remain at the cutting- that their teams provide excellent know-how for edge of technology and to provide IST Austria The Scientific Computing Facility supports world-class research. researchers with the possibility to explore new theoretical and experimental researchers in all their materials and new devices of dimensions down to scientific computing needs, primarily by providing the nanometer scale. In March 2019, the facility a high-performance computing cluster. In 2019, the organized the “Symposium on Direct Write, Optical, facility acquired 64 new cluster nodes and new Ion and Electron Beam Lithography”. Also, the storage for 2 PB of data. characterization equipment was extended by an Atomic Force Microscope. In 2019, five staff scientists were associated with the SSUs Bioimaging Facility, Nanofabrication Facility The Institute’s mainly electronic Library provides and Electron Microscopy Facility. These highly expert access to all types of scientific information, including researchers work closely with various research groups e-journals, e-books and databases. Furthermore, it on campus and advance their own projects. Read supports open scientific communication by providing more about IST Austria’s staff scientists on pages 37 digital infrastructure, paper and data repositories, and 99‒101. and consulting services.

52 53 Supporting science II Administration at IST Austria

Creating the best possible environment for world-class research is the central task of all administrative employees at IST Austria. Staffed with dedicated experts, our administration provides high-quality support in all necessary areas, from construction to event management support to technology transfer.

Academic Affairs is responsible for administrating The Graduate School Office organizes the Institute’s all academic matters. The division coordinates the PhD program and academic courses and manages quality control of research at the Institute and organizes the admissions and progress-monitoring processes the recruitment process for professors and staff sci- for students and scientific interns. entists. Academic Affairs moreover supports postdocs and scientific visitors during their time at the Institute The Grant Office is responsible for endorsing and and deals with topics such as research ethics, alumni authorizing proposals to and negotiating and tracking and career development for scientists. accepting contracts and grants for projects funded by the European Commission, federal and state Campus IT Services assists scientists and agencies, companies, foundations, and other public administrative staff with all their IT issues, provides and private sources. basic infrastructure for all IT services and takes care of application development and customization. Human Resources provides professional HR Georg Schneider management including service-oriented counseling Campus Services takes care of childcare, housing, and support for scientists as well as for Scientific Managing Director, IST Austria food, transportation, sports facilities and other Service Unit and administration employees. non-scientific services on campus. Ten years ago, IST Austria opened its doors with The administration of IST Austria will keep striving The Technology Transfer Office handles all the goals of becoming a place for world-class basic for professionalism, efficiency and excellent support Communications & Events provides services in media matters related to intellectual property developed research and training the next generation of scientific for science and scientists, while following the overall relations, science writing, web and social media at IST Austria, such as patent protection, licensing leaders. News like the ERC success rate and “Nature goal of setting examples in science management. management, alumni relations, content management, technology to companies and supporting the creation Index” rankings indicate that we are on the right track. and internal communication. The division also of spin-off companies. The office supports aspiring I want to use this opportunity to thank all administra- If you want to learn more about IST Austria, feel free supports the organization of conferences, workshops entrepreneurs among IST Austria’s young scientists tive employees for their contribution to achieving to follow us on Twitter, Facebook or Instagram, watch and public outreach events, and develops materials and facilitates collaboration and relationship these goals. some videos of recent events on Youtube or visit and activities for science education. agreements with industry. our new website—launched in April 2019. Parallel to the growing number of scientists and the Construction & Maintenance prepares the space The following two units work closely with the growth of the campus as a whole, the support and www.ist.ac.at for new research groups and facilities and operates management and are responsible for building up services offered by the administration are constantly the buildings on campus. Responsibilities include and maintaining support structures to accommodate expanding. The cryo-electron microscopy facility as electricity, heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning the continued growth of the Institute and the ongoing well as the mass spectrometry facility are now in full as well as providing non-scientific equipment and adaptation of its organizational structures and operation; a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) furnishings. processes: facility will be established in 2021. The new building extension of the Miba Machine Shop now also Environment, Health & Safety provides guidance, Executive Affairs supports the Managing Director hosts the central storage. Opposite the campus, support and legal advice in issues around environ- and includes Legal Affairs, Internal Audit, and the research and technology center IST Park opened mental protection, health and occupational safety. Organization, Processes & Project Management. its doors in fall 2019 to offer spin-offs and start-ups a new home adjacent to the vibrant campus. All these The division Finance takes care of all matters The Office of the President supports the president services and the Institute’s high-end infrastructure concerning accounting, controlling and procurement, and includes Faculty Affairs and Stakeholder can only come to life with the help of the people including the operation of the central storage and Relations, in addition to being responsible for the who establish processes, operate facilities and offer logistics processes on campus. administration of board meetings. administrative support.

54 55 PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT

At this year's sixth edition of the "Sommercampus", 80 schoolchildren experienced first-hand what it is like to be a scientist. 56 Communicating science Outreach and science education at IST Austria

st Science literacy is an invaluable 21 century skill, and scientists and their institutions IST Austria organizes a number of events and offers an increasing number of activities for school classes can play a key role in promoting it. Through outreach and science education, and other visitors of all ages. At the heart of these activities lies the direct contact with research topics and researchers at the Institute as well as the idea of science as a process and experience. In 2019, IST Austria IST Austria seeks to spread the fascination and impact of science to everyone, took up the detailed planning of its future visitor center, which will provide a permanent home to its outreach especially to young minds. and education activities. In addition to the events highlighted here, a list of outreach events can be found in the “Facts & figures” section.

Science Education Day Summer science camps

Science does not belong to the scientists—it is rather During summer, IST Austria organizes and hosts a way of learning about the world around us that can research camps for elementary, middle and high be applied by learners of all ages. “Inquiry-based school kids. In the sixth edition of the “Sommer­ learning”, an internationally established teaching campus”, 80 children from seven to twelve years of concept embracing this insight, was the motto of this age came to campus to spend a week carrying out year’s second edition of the Science Education Day experiments. Guided by mixed teams of IST Austria on March 27. To reach out to local teachers, this employees and students of the University College event was, for the first time, primarily held in German. of Teacher Education Lower Austria, they learned Hands-on workshops for teachers allowed them to about topics ranging from bacteria in extreme habitats experience directly how inquiry-based learning to the colors of light, the trajectory of Robin Hood’s works in practice. An inspiring keynote by Haim arrows and computer game programming. Harari, founder of the Davidson Institute of Science The following week, 23 teenagers participated in the Education and former president of the Weizmann third edition of “Talentesommer in Klosterneuburg”, Institute of Science, Israel, concluded the event. a research camp about how scientists can use models to describe and understand nature.

Open Campus Science and schools

As part of IST Austria’s 10th anniversary event series, Building up a regular school program in its future the 2019 Open Campus celebrated the campus visitor center, IST Austria continuously expands its inauguration in 2009 together with Institute friends activities for schools and teachers. When visiting and the broader public. Everyone interested in sci- the campus, school groups learn that science thrives ence was invited to chat with IST Austria researchers on the diversity and internationality of its people, and and other staff as well as explore diverse research that the questions asked by a curious mind lie at the exhibitions. Campus tours to the labs and a science heart of the scientific endeavor. Whenever possible, cabaret by Vince Ebert attracted more than 2’000 such tours are combined with a lab visit or a meeting visitors. Julia Michalska and Sven Truckenbrodt, both with a scientist. Some of the Institute’s science researchers in the Danzl group, demonstrated how communication enthusiasts among the PhD students new approaches in light microscopy enable the and postdocs also go out to visit schools to talk investigation of the tiniest details in cells during the about their work or teach hands-on demonstrations. family science lecture. School children, who had In 2019, around 21 school classes or smaller groups participated in the IST Austria school contest, were were involved in this kind of educational activities honored and the winners announced in a ceremony. by IST Austria.

58 59 Scientific discourse Academic events at IST Austria

At IST Austria’s colloquia, workshops, conferences, and public lectures, all Over the course of 2019, IST Austria organized and hosted numerous events in and around kinds of science enthusiasts—researchers and science administrators as well science, ranging from colloquium lectures given by renowned scientists to conferences on selected topics. Public events focused on topics ranging from science in the business world as the interested public—gather on campus to exchange ideas and discuss to history. Four types of events are highlighted here; a list of major talks and conferences the latest scientific trends and discoveries. can be found in the “Facts & figures” section.

Conferences, symposia, and workshops Public lectures

The Institute is proud to offer events that IST Austria (co-)organizes several lecture provide platforms for scientific exchange. series, which take place on and off campus. Two highlights this year: IST Lectures are given by eminent scientists From March 19-22, the Conference of the who are invited to present their research Central European Section of the IUSSI to the general public and the scientific (International Union for the Study of Social community. Insects), organized by Professor Sylvia In her IST Lecture, former President of the Cremer, gathered around 100 researchers European Research Council (ERC), Helga in Klosterneuburg to discuss the latest Nowotny, gave an insight into evolution and research about the ecology and evolution what it means for humans—the only species of social insects. with the ability to see evolution from the On October 18, Professors Carrie Bernecky, inside—to live in a digital age. Another Leonid Sazanov and Florian Schur organized notable speaker was Gunnar Carlsson, the “Cryo-EM Inauguration Symposium” in Professor Emeritus at Stanford University, order to inaugurate IST Austria’s recent USA, who discussed different topological investments in Austria´s largest cryo-electron methods used for artificial intelligence. microscopy facility and discuss trends and developments in this field.

Institute Colloquium Other public events

The Institute Colloquium is IST Austria’s In 2019, the yearly Commemoration Lecture main weekly seminar, and the talks are open organized by IST Austria was given by to the general public. The Colloquium talks Professor Philipp Ther from the University of address a broad range of topics in the Vienna, Austria. research areas represented at IST Austria This year’s Science Industry Talk explored and are designed to engage scientists from ways of “Capturing serendipity” at the all fields. Among the many international interface of science and industry. Amazon experts who gave colloquium talks at IST Vice President Babak Parviz shared his Austria in 2019 were Paul Steinhardt from insights into Amazon’s innovation culture, Princeton University, USA, on quasicrystals and IST Austria scientists presented possible once thought to be mathematically impossi- industrial applications of their research. ble and Edward Boyden from the Massachu- setts Institute of Technology (MIT), USA, on novel tools for analyzing and controlling complex biological systems.

60 61 PARTNERSHIPS

IST Austria professor Maria Ibáñez who, along with Georgios Katsaros and Gaia Novarino, presented possible industrial applications of their research at the Science Industry Talk 2019. 62 63 TWIST Fellowship Capturing serendipity Program IST Austria runs the TWIST Fellowship Technology transfer at IST Austria Program as one mechanism to facilitate the development of research results towards commercial products. History shows that many technological advances are based on fundamental The program allows the Tech Transfer Office to recruit researchers to further discoveries with unforeseen consequences. Thus, one of the founding develop a particular technology principles of IST Austria is its commitment to exploiting the results of its originating from science conducted at IST Austria. In 2019, two projects research for the benefit of the inventors, the Institute, industry, and society. focused on genetically modified plants, while another project aimed at the development of novel diagnostic assays for autism spectrum disorders. https://twist.ist.ac.at

TWIST – Technology Transfer Office IST cube The Technology Transfer Office is the one-stop shop While business angel activity has grown over the for all matters related to intellectual property, industry recent years and a range of government grants cooperation and entrepreneurship at IST Austria. It are now available, institutional equity investors is responsible for patent protection and licensing, addressing academic spin-offs are still rare in Austria. and supports the creation of spin-off companies and IST Austria and a subsidiary of Lansdowne Partners joint projects with industry. A range of measures took a significant step towards closing this gap and is available to help translate research results into improving the situation for tech-based founders who product ideas that the Institute can commercialize plan to start their ventures in Austria: they partnered through licensing and the support of start-ups. up to set up IST cube, a new investment fund that TWIST facilitates exchange with industry, works supports the creation and development of tech with founders and helps researchers interested in and science-based start-ups. joining industry or start-ups make career decisions. IST cube invests in advanced technology companies, As part of its ambition to develop technology transfer many of them derived from academic research, and projects, IST Austria is actively managing a patent helps successful founders to generate viable portfolio in such diverse areas as modeling systems business models, form strong teams and develop for biological networks, photo-patterning research their ventures, all with the goal of becoming global tools, algorithms to generate flexible casting molds, leaders in their fields. Inaugurated in 2018, IST cube and engineering plants to improve resistance to has meanwhile invested in five start-ups, two of pathogens. them located at IST Park.

Harold de Vladar is the first IST Austria alumnus to https://ist-cube.com found a start-up company, Ribbon Biolabs, which focuses on commercializing a new technology for synthesizing long strands of DNA. Ribbon Biolabs is one of the first portfolio companies of IST cube and a tenant at IST Park, the newly opened technology park at IST Austria (see also pages 12-13).

https://twist.ist.ac.at

64 65 Enabling the future IST Austria’s network of supporters

Playing a key role in IST Austria’s successful development, an ever-growing number of supporters has helped the growth and independence of the Institute through their philanthropic contributions. IST Austria, in turn, upholds its commitment to international best practices in research, science management and resource development.

The past year has not only marked an important IST Austria Donors Club point in IST Austria’s history, but has provided the Institute with manifold opportunities to engage with Platinum Club its supporters. IST Austria is extremely proud to have Invicta Foundation been able to welcome many donors on campus on the occasion of our anniversary celebrations. Gold Club Allholding Beteiligungsverw. GmbH, Mondi AG, As in the past, philanthropic contributions shaped OMV AG, Raiffeisen Group, voestalpine AG campus life throughout 2019: With the help of two donors, it was not only able to reduce the price for Silver Club tickets to IST Austria’s summer science camps for Berndorf AG, Steven Heinz, Miba AG, Oberbank AG, school children (“Sommercampus”), but also to offer Prinzhorn Holding GmbH, Schoeller Bleckmann AG, free admission to children from families with limited W. Hamburger GmbH, DI Klaus Pöttinger, financial resources. One further donor pledged EMACS Privatstiftung 100’000 Euro towards the advancement of basic research, thus expressing their trust in fundamental Donor Club research as a foundation for social prosperity and Alcatel-Lucent-Austria AG, Allinvest Unternehmens­ in the principles upon which IST Austria is built. beteiligungs GmbH, Gebrüder Weiss GmbH, Kapsch AG, CHROMA-PHARMA GmbH We are most grateful to our patrons who have steadily accompanied us on our path over the past decade. Strategic Advisory Board IST Austria is looking forward to developing further Hermann Hauser, Steven Heinz, Therese Niss, its fruitful partnerships as well as engage with and Peter Oswald, Rudolf Scholten, Veit Sorger, expand its network of supporters. Franz Viehböck, Stefan Weber

www.ist.ac.at/donors

66 67 Facts & figures

70 Professors at IST Austria 72 Research groups at IST Austria 99 Staff scientists at IST Austria 102 Staff statistics 2019 108 Grants 2019 111 Publications 2019 120 Events 2019 122 Scientific and internal awards 2019 122 IST Austria Donors Club 2019 123 Boards & leadership of IST Austria 124 Location & campus map 128 Imprint Professors at IST Austria (under contract as of December 31, 2019)

Total number of professors under contract: 61 Country of nationality* Dan Alistarh Distributed Algorithms and Systems Georgios Katsaros Nanoelectronics Zhanybek Alpichshev Condensed Matter and Ultrafast Optics Anna Kicheva Tissue Growth and Developmental Pattern Formation Nick Barton Mathematical Models of Evolution Vladimir Kolmogorov Discrete Optimization Germany 18.9% Eva Benková Plant Developmental Biology Fyodor Kondrashov Evolutionary Genomics Austria 15.1% Carrie Bernecky RNA-based Gene Regulation Christoph Lampert Computer Vision and Machine Learning Total number of professors on campus: 53 USA 11.3% Bernd Bickel Computer Graphics and Digital Fabrication Mikhail Lemeshko Theoretical Atomic, Molecular, Russia 5.7% Tim Browning Analytic Number Theory and its Interfaces and Optical Physics Hungary 5.7% Krishnendu Chatterjee Computer-aided Verification, Game Theory Martin Loose Self-organization of Protein Systems Other (20**) 43.4% Sylvia Cremer Social Immunity Jan Maas Stochastic Analysis Gender among professors* Jozsef Csicsvari Systems Neuroscience Kimberly Modic* Thermodynamics of Quantum Materials Johann Danzl High-resolution Optical Imaging for Biology at the Microscale Mario de Bono Genes, Circuits, and Behavior Mario Mondelli Data Science, Machine Learning, Herbert Edelsbrunner Algorithms, Computational Geometry, and Information Theory Country of PhD institution* and Computational Topology Gaia Novarino Genetic and Molecular Basis 17.0% 83.0%

László Erdős Mathematics of Disordered Quantum Systems of Neurodevelopmental Disorders USA 28.3% and Matrices Krzysztof Pietrzak Cryptography Germany 24.5% Johannes Fink Quantum Integrated Devices Matthew Robinson* Medical Genomics Switzerland 17.0% Julian Fischer Theory of Partial Differential Equations, Leonid Sazanov Structural Biology of Membrane UK 11.3% Applied and Numerical Analysis Protein Complexes Austria 7.6% Stefan Freunberger* Materials Electrochemistry Paul Schanda* Biomolecular Mechanisms from Integrated Other (6**) 11.3% Jiří Friml Developmental and Cell Biology of Plants NMR Spectroscopy Carl Goodrich* Soft Matter Theory and Materials Design Florian Schur Structural Biology of Cell Migration Călin Guet Systems and Synthetic Biology of Genetic Networks and Viral Infection Edouard Hannezo Physical Principles in Biological Systems Robert Seiringer Mathematical Physics Tamás Hausel Geometry and its Interfaces Maksym Serbyn Condensed Matter Theory and Country of previous institution* Carl-Philipp Heisenberg Morphogenesis in Development Quantum Dynamics Thomas A. Henzinger Design and Analysis of Concurrent Ryuichi Shigemoto Molecular Neuroscience USA 34.0% and Embedded Systems Sandra Siegert Neuroimmunology in Health and Disease Germany 20.7% Andrew Higginbotham Condensed Matter and Quantum Circuits Daria Siekhaus Invasive Migration UK 18.9% Simon Hippenmeyer Genetic Dissection of Cerebral Cortex Michael Sixt Morphodynamics of Immune Cells Switzerland 9.4% Development Lora Sweeney* Evolution and Development of Motor Circuits Netherlands 3.8% Björn Hof Nonlinear Dynamics and Turbulence Gašper Tkačik Theoretical Biophysics and Neuroscience Belgium 3.8% Onur Hosten Quantum Sensing with Atoms and Light Beatriz Vicoso Sex Chromosome Biology Other (5**) 9.4% Maria Ibáñez Functional Nanomaterials and Evolution Infection Peter Jonas Cellular Neuroscience Tim Vogels* Computational Neuroscience and Neurotheory Maximilian Jösch Neuroethology Uli Wagner Discrete and Computational Geometry and Topology Vadim Kaloshin* Dynamical Systems, Celestial Mechanics Scott Waitukaitis Soft and Complex Materials and Spectral Rigidity Chris Wojtan Computer Graphics and Physics Simulation

* Data refer to 53 professors on campus as of December 31, 2019; percentages are rounded * joining IST Austria during 2020 or 2021 (see also pages 20-23) ** Number of countries

70 71 Research groups Dan Zhanybek Nick at IST Austria Alistarh Alpichshev Barton Distributed Algorithms Condensed Matter and Mathematical Models and Systems Ultrafast Optics of Evolution

Distribution has been one of the key trends in computing over To understand a complex system, it is often useful to bring it out The Barton group develops mathematical models to probe the last decade: processor architectures are multi-core, while of equilibrium; the recovery dynamics will reveal a great deal about fundamental issues in evolution: For example, how do new species large-scale systems for machine learning and data processing can its inner workings. The Alpichshev group uses ultra-fast optical form, what limits adaptation, and what shapes the genetic system? be distributed across several machines or even data centers. methods to understand the physical mechanisms underlying some The Alistarh group works to enable these applications by creating of the extremely complicated phenomena in many-body physics. Nick Barton and his group study diverse topics in evolutionary algorithms that scale—that is, they improve their performance genetics. The main focus of their work is the effects of natural when more computational units are available. One of the most important problems in modern physics is to selection on many genes and the evolution of populations that are understand the behavior of a large number of strongly interacting distributed across space. They develop statistical models for the This fundamental shift to distributed computing performed puts particles. Such systems often feature unique properties such as evolution of complex traits, which depend on the combined effects forward exciting open questions: How do we design algorithms to high-temperature superconductivity or colossal magnetoresistance. of very many genes. Working with other groups at IST Austria, they extract every last bit of performance from the current generation The exact origins of such behavior is still unclear, which hinders our study the evolution of gene regulation, using a thermodynamic of architectures? How do we design future architectures to support ability to control and increase the effects of these phenomena. The model of transcription factor binding. A substantial component of more scalable algorithms? Are there clean abstractions to render main difficulty facing researchers in this area is that these “strongly the group’s work is a long-term study of the hybrid zone between high-performance distribution accessible to programmers? correlated” properties invariably arise in the context of a large two populations of snapdragons (Antirrhinum) that differ in flower The group’s research is focused on answering these questions. number of competing phases, which makes it difficult to determine color. This combines detailed field observation with genetic data In particular, they are interested in designing efficient, practical the individual role of each factor. The Alpichshev group circumvents to estimate population structure and fitness variation over multiple algorithms for fundamental problems in distributed computing, this problem by using ultra-short laser pulses to selectively perturb scales and serves as a test-bed for developing ways to infer in understanding the inherent limitations of distributed systems, and probe the individual degrees of freedom in a strongly correlated selection and demography from genetic data. and in developing new ways to overcome these limitations. material and study the system in the resulting transient state. The One particular area of focus over the past few years has been resulting information can be used to reconstruct the microscopic Current projects Evolutionary computation | Evolution of complex traits | Analysis distributed machine learning. mechanisms behind complex phenomena with genetic data to of selection experiments | Understanding genealogies in space and at multiple loci | Inference from DNA sequence | Speciation and hybridization in Antirrhinum estimate population structure and fitness variation over multiple Team members 2019 Louise Arathoon (PhD student), Carina Baskett (postdoc), Current projects Distributed machine learning | Concurrent data structures scales. Stefanie Belohlavy (PhD student), Chloe Colson (scientific intern), Louise Fouqueau and applications | Molecular computation (academic visitor), Christelle Fraisse (FWF Lise Meitner postdoc, joint with Vicoso Team members 2019 Saleh Ashkboos (scientific intern), Bapi Chatterjee group), Michal Hłedik (PhD student, joint with Tkačik group), Lenka Matejovičová (ISTplus postdoc), Peter Davies (postdoc), Janne Korhonen (postdoc), Current projects Determining the role of rattling modes of organic cations on the (PhD student), Oluwafunmilola Olusanya (PhD student), Beatriz Pablo Carmona Giorgi Nadiradze (PhD student), Elena-Alexandra Peste (PhD student), transport of photo-carriers in hybrid lead halide perovskites | Exciton dynamics in (scientific intern), Gemma Puixeu Sala (PhD student, joint with Vicoso group), Joel Rybicki (ISTplus postdoc), Sidak Pal Singh (software engineer) frustrated Mott insulators | Ultrafast dissipative processes in correlated electron Andrea Rodriguez (scientific intern), Himani Sachdeva (postdoc), Daria Shipilina systems below Planckian level (postdoc), Parvathy Surendranadh (PhD student), Enikő Szép (PhD student), Career Selected distinctions Team members 2019 Younes Ashourishokri (scientific intern), Vlad Dziom Barbora Trubenová (Marie Curie postdoctoral fellow), Anja Westram (ISTplus • since 2017 Assistant Professor, • 2018 ERC Starting Grant (postdoc), Dusan Lorenc (postdoc), Yujing Wei (ISTern) postdoc, Marie Curie postdoctoral fellow) IST Austria • 2015 Awarded Swiss National • 2016 – 2017 “Ambizione” Fellow, Foundation “Ambizione” Fellowship Career Selected distinctions Career Computer Science Department, • 2014 Elected Morgan Fellow at • since 2018 Assistant Professor, • 2008 – 2010 Albion W. Hewlett • since 2008 Professor, IST Austria • 2013 Mendel Medal, German ETH Zurich, Switzerland Downing College, University of IST Austria Stanford Graduate Fellowship • 1990 – 2008 Reader and Professor, National Academy of Sciences • 2014 – 2016 Researcher, Microsoft Cambridge • 2017 – 2018 Visiting Scientist, • 2005 “Dynasty Foundation” University of Edinburgh, UK Leopoldina Research, Cambridge, UK • 2012 Postdoctoral Fellowship of Max Planck Institute for the Structure Fellowship • 1982 – 1990 Lecturer and Reader, • 2009 Linnean Society • 2014 – 2016 Morgan Fellow, Downing the Swiss National Foundation and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, • 2002 Landau Fellowship, Landau University College London, UK Darwin-Wallace Medal College, University of Cambridge, UK • 2011 Best Paper Award at the Germany Institute for Theoretical Physics • 1980 – 1982 Demonstrator, • 2009 ERC Advanced Grant • 2012 – 2013 Postdoc, Massachusetts International Conference on • 2012 – 2017 Postdoctoral Associate, Cambridge University, UK • 2006 Royal Society Darwin Medal Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Distributed Computing and Massachusetts Institute of • 1979 PhD, University of East Anglia, • 2001 President, Society for the USA Networking Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA Norwich, UK Study of Evolution • 2012 PhD, EPFL, Lausanne, • 2012 PhD, Stanford University, • 1998 American Society of Naturalists Switzerland Palo Alto, USA Selected distinctions President’s Award • ISI Highly Cited Researcher • 1994 Fellow, Royal Society of • 2016 Schrödinger Lecture, Dublin London • 2013 Erwin Schrödinger Prize • 1994 David Starr Jordan Prize

Intuitive diagram of a Three-step pump-probe mea- Studies of hybridization new gradient quantization surement in a Mott insulator. between red- and yellow- algorithm for scalable Comparing the difference flowered Antirrhinum in the neural network training, in relaxation dynamics of Pyrenees tell us about the developed by the Alistarh Hubbard excitons (generated process of speciation. group and published at the by the first pump pulse) with Supercomputing Conference and without magnetic order (2019) (switched by the second pump pulse) gives informa- tion about the microscopic mechanisms behind the effective characteristics of quasiparticles in strongly correlated systems.

72 73 Eva Carrie Bernd Tim Benková Bernecky Bickel Browning Plant Developmental Computer Graphics Analytic Number Theory Biology RNA-based Gene Regulation and Digital Fabrication and its Interfaces

True to their name’s Greek roots, plant hormones “set in motion” a The regulated expression of genetic material is one of the most basic We are currently witnessing the emergence of novel, computer- What is the precise connection between adding and multiplying myriad of physiological processes. Influencing and modulating each processes of a cell, affecting everything from organism development controlled output devices that provide revolutionary possibilities whole numbers? This is a surprisingly deep question that can be other, an intricate network of interactions arises. The Benková group to environmental response. Through structural studies of the for fabricating complex, functional, multi-material objects and thought about in many different lights. One natural extension studies seeks to untangle this network and understand its molecular basis. involved complexes, the Bernecky group works to unravel the gene meta-materials with stunning optical and mechanical properties. the sequence of integers that arise as solutions to a polynomial expression regulatory networks that employ RNA as an intermediate. Leveraging the potential of advanced 3D printing technology is equation with integer coefficients, i.e. a Diophantine equation. Plants as sessile organisms constantly integrate varying environ- tightly coupled to efficient methods for content creation. The Browning group works on understanding such sequences, mental signals to flexibly adapt their growth and development. RNA is an important focal point for the regulation of gene expression. using a blend of analytic, geometric and algebraic methods. Local heterogeneities in water and nutrient availability, sudden Both protein-coding and noncoding RNAs are integral components Bernd Bickel is a computer scientist interested in computer graphics changes in temperature, light or other stressors trigger dramatic of diverse regulatory pathways and often act together with protein and its overlap into animation, biomechanics, material science, Low-dimensional Diophantine equations have been heavily exploited changes in plant growth and development. Multiple hormonal cofactors. Despite their importance, an understanding of the and digital fabrication. The main objective of his research group in cryptography, but the properties of higher-dimensional Diophantine signaling cascades interconnected into complex networks act mechanisms of action of the involved RNA-protein complexes is is to push the boundaries of how functional digital models can be equations remain largely mysterious. Hilbert’s 10th problem asks for as essential endogenous translators of these exogenous signals lacking. Many of these RNA-containing complexes are flexible, efficiently created, simulated and reproduced. Given the digital an algorithm to decide if a given Diophantine equation has integer in plant adaptive responses. How the hormonal networks are estab- modular and lowly abundant. For such challenging targets, nature of the process, three factors play a central role: computational solutions or not. Methods of mathematical logic have revealed this lished, maintained and modulated to control specific developmental cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has emerged as a particularly models and efficient representations that facilitate intuitive design, to be an impossible dream, but we would still like to know if such outputs is the focus of the Benková group. Recently, the group has powerful tool for the determination of near-atomic structures while accurate and fast simulation techniques, and intuitive authoring a procedure exists when we merely ask for solutions in rational located several convergence points that integrate different hormonal simultaneously providing insight into their dynamics. Using this and tools for physically realizable objects and materials. Accordingly, numbers. Moreover, when solutions are known to exist, there are inputs. Importantly, some of these identified components exceed related methods, the Bernecky group aims to understand how RNA- the work of the Bickel group focuses on two closely related deep conjectures that connect their spacing to the intrinsic their function in the hormonal crosstalk and provide functional links protein complexes assemble and regulate cellular RNA metabolism. challenges: (1) developing novel modeling and simulation methods, geometry of the equation. In recent years, quantitative methods with pathways mediating perception of environmental stimuli. and (2) investigating efficient representation and editing algorithms have been found to be remarkably effective at resolving these Current projects Molecular basis of transcriptional regulation | Transcriptional for materials and functional objects. fundamental questions. The Browning group is involved in actively Current projects Convergence of hormonal pathways on transport-dependent inhibition by noncoding RNA | Substrate recognition by RNA modifying enzymes expanding the available toolkit for studying these problems and auxin distribution | Identification of hormonal cross-talk components by genetic Team members 2019 Narkhyun Bae (ISTplus postdoc), Annamaria Hlavata (PhD student), Beata Kaczmarek (PhD student), Edwine Theresia Lehner (scientific Current projects Computational synthesis of metamaterials | Soft robotics | their generalizations. approaches | Hormonal crosstalk driven nutrient-dependent root development Interactive design systems | Design of cyber-physical systems Team members 2019 Rashed Abualia (PhD student), Christina Artner (ÖAW intern), Ilaria Parenti (postdoc, joint with Novarino group), Anita Testa Salmazo (project technician), Katarina Tluckova (postdoc), Anastasiia Vasylaki (ISTern) Team members 2019 Thomas Auzinger (postdoc), Xudong Feng (predoctoral DOC-funded PhD student), Nicola Cavallari (postdoc), Marcal Gallemi Rovira visiting scientist), Dorin Gugonatu (software engineer), Ruslan Guseinov (PhD Current projects Moduli space of rational curves on hypersurfaces of low degree | (postdoc), Mónika Hrtyan (laboratory technician), Karla Huljev (PhD student), Juan student), Christian Hafner (PhD student), Kazutaka Nakashima (academic visitor), Hasse principle for random Fano hypersurfaces | Manin’s conjecture for orbifolds | Montesinos López (interdisciplinary project funded postdoc), Hana Semeradova Career Selected distinctions Distribution of number fields with given Galois group via Manin’s conjecture | • since 2018 Assistant Professor, • 2012 – 2014 Humboldt Research Tobias Rittig (scientific intern), Jesus Perez Rodriguez (postdoc), Kumar Shivam (ÖAW DOC-funded PhD student) (ISTern), Martin Thoresen (PhD student), Ran Zhang (PhD student) Integral points of bounded height IST Austria Fellowship Team members 2019 Francesca Balestrieri (postdoc), Dante Bonolis (postdoc), • 2011 – 2017 Postdoc, • 2005 – 2007 NIH Molecular Career Career Selected distinctions Tal Horesh (postdoc), Julian Lyczak (postdoc), Nicholas Rome (predoctoral visiting • since 2016 Professor, IST Austria • 1998 – 2001 Postdoc, Max Planck Ludwig Maximilian University Munich Biophysics Training Grant scientist), Alec Shute (PhD student), Florian Wilsch (postdoc) and Max Planck Institute for • 2002 Hughes Undergraduate • since 2015 Assistant Professor, • 2017 ACM SIGGRAPH Significant • 2013 – 2016 Assistant Professor, Institute for Plant Breeding, Cologne, IST Austria New Researcher Award IST Austria Germany Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Research Scholar (Cornell-HHMI) Career Selected distinctions Germany • 2012 – 2014 Research Scientist • 2016 ERC Starting Grant • 2011 – 2013 Group Leader, Central • 1998 PhD, Institute of Biophysics of and Research Group Leader, • 2015 Microsoft Visual Computing • since 2018 Professor, IST Austria • 2017 Simons Visiting Professorship European Institute of Technology the Academy of Sciences of the • 2010 – 2011 Postdoc, University of • 2012 – 2019 Professor, (MSRI) Colorado Boulder, USA Disney Research Zurich, Switzerland Award (CEITEC), Brno, Czech Republic Czech Republic, Brno, • 2011 – 2012 Visiting Professor, TU • 2012 EUROGRAPHICS Best University of Bristol, UK • 2017 EPSRC Standard Grant • 2007 – 2013 Group Leader, Flanders Czech Republic • 2010 PhD, University of Colorado • 2008 – 2012 Reader, • 2012 ERC Starting Grant Boulder, USA Berlin, Germany PhD Thesis Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent, • 2011 – 2012 Postdoc, Disney • 2011 ETH Medal for Outstanding University of Bristol, UK • 2010 Phillip Leverhulme Prize Belgium Selected distinctions Research Zurich, Switzerland Doctoral Thesis • 2005 – 2008 Lecturer, • 2009 Ferran Sunyer i Balaguer Prize • 2003 – 2007 Habilitation position, • 2017 Member, EMBO • 2010 PhD, ETH Zurich, Switzerland University of Bristol, UK • 2008 Whitehead Prize University of Tübingen, Germany • 2014 Highly Cited Scientist • 2002 – 2005 Postdoctoral Research • 2007 EPSRC Advanced Research • 2001 – 2003 Postdoc, Centre for • 2014 FWF-ANR Bilateral Grant Fellow, University of Oxford, UK Fellowship Plant Molecular Biology, Tübingen, • 2011 FWO Grants • 2001 – 2002 Postdoctoral Research Germany • 2008 ERC Starting Grant Fellow, Université de Paris-Sud, • 2003 – 2007 Margarete von Orsay, France Wrangell Habilitation Program • 2002 PhD, Magdalen College, University of Oxford, UK

Three-day-old Arabidopsis Cryo-electron micrograph A self-transforming structure: The asymmetric distribution seedling imaged using of single RNA polymerase II fabricated as a flat object, of rational solutions on a confocal microscopy transcription complexes puri- once released it deforms into Châtelet surface. Image by fied from animal tissue. Inset: a predefined surface through Emmanuel Peyre, Institut calf thymus from which the a process controlled locally Fourier protein was purified by the assemblage of small- scale structures

74 75 Krishnendu Sylvia Jozsef Johann Chatterjee Cremer Csicsvari Danzl Computer-aided Verification, Social Immunity High-resolution Optical Game Theory Systems Neuroscience Imaging for Biology

Life is a game—at least in theory. Game theory has implications for Social insects fight disease as a cooperative unit. Together, they Memory formation is crucial for learning new facts and skills. This How can we decode the molecular architecture of biological systems? the verification of correctness of computer hardware and software, perform nest hygiene and mutual sanitary care, effectively reducing process of encoding, storing and ultimately recalling memories How can we analyze living cells and tissues across spatial and but also in biological applications, such as evolutionary game theory. the risk of infection and disease transmission through the colony. involves complex interactions between various brain regions and temporal scales? The central aim of the Danzl lab, an interdisciplinary The Chatterjee group works on the theoretical foundations of game The Cremer group studies how collective protection arises at the neurons in embedded circuits that form complex codes to encode team of physicists, biologists, and neuroscientists, is to shed light theory, addressing central questions in computer science. colony level from individual behaviors and social interactions in ants. these memory traces. The Csicsvari group studies how learning is on problems of biological and ultimately also medical relevance by implemented in the brain. developing and using a set of advanced light microscopy tools. Game theory studies the interactive problems in decision-making. The disease defense of ants is amazingly similarly organized to the It can be used to study problems in logic, automata theory, eco- immune system within our own bodies. This is because a colony of During learning, new memories are acquired and subsequently The Danzl group explores and extends the possibilities of optical nomics, evolutionary biology, and the design of the internet. The social insects, like bees, ants and termites, is a single reproductive consolidated to ensure their successful later recall. The Csicsvari imaging. This includes approaches that enable resolution better than Chatterjee group is interested in the theoretical foundations of game unit made out of thousands to millions of individual organisms. Like group focuses on understanding how learning leads to memory the optical diffraction limit of about half the wavelength of light or theory, its application in formal verification, and evolutionary game the cells in our body, the different individuals in the colony specialize formation in neuronal circuits by investigating the neuronal system 200 nm. With resolution reaching into the nanometers range and the theory. Game theory in formal verification involves the algorithmic on different tasks: the queen (germline) on reproduction and the mechanisms of memory formation and stabilization. The researchers capability to analyze cells in their native tissue context, the group analysis of various forms of games played on graphs, where the sterile workers (soma) on colony maintenance and brood rearing. also investigate the mnemonic role of neuronal populations and their aims at extracting novel information from biological specimens. graph models a reactive system. This broad framework allows for Every ant protects itself by individual hygiene and a physiological interactions in brain areas involved in spatial memory processing. To this end, the group works toward the development of novel the effective analysis of many important questions in computer immune system that effectively fights off microbes. In addition, The group seeks to understand how neuronal circuits process imaging approaches, building on their expertise both in fundamental science and helps to develop robust systems. The Chatterjee group workers clean the nest environment by spraying their antimicrobial information and form spatial memories by recording the activity of physics and in high-resolution imaging. They integrate the imaging also works on algorithmic aspects of evolutionary game theory on poison, nibbling-off pathogens from one another’s body and by many neurons in different brain regions during spatial learning tasks with state-of-the-art technologies to manipulate cells and tissues, graphs, where the graph models a population structure. The goals treating infections. Thereby, they cooperatively prevent pathogen and sleep. By using optogenetic methods, the researchers selec- to label them, and to extract the most information from the imaging of this research are to better understand games and to develop new contamination, replication and spread through the colony. tively manipulate neuronal activity in different brain areas. data. algorithms. Current projects Collective hygiene in ant societies | Social interaction networks Current projects Oscillatory interactions in working memory | Role of Current projects Deep-tissue nanoscale imaging | Minimally perturbing Current projects Quantitative verification | Stochastic game theory | Modern graph and epidemiology | Disease resistance and tolerance | Costs and benefits of social hippocampal formation in spatial learning | Activation of brain structures using high-resolution imaging | Decoding of synapse nano-architecture | High-content algorithms for verification problems | Evolutionary game theory immunization light sensitive channels to study memory formation analysis of tissue microarchitecture Team members 2019 Ali Asadi (scientific intern), Truc Bui (scientific intern), Farbod Team members 2019 Max Aubry (PhD student), Jana Buchmayr (scientific intern, Team members 2019 Uladzislau Barayeu (scientific intern), Yosman Bapatdhar Team members 2019 Giulio Abagnale (postdoc), Nathalie Agudelo Duenas Ekbatani (scientific intern), Tushar Gautam (scientific intern), Ehsan Goharshadi BSc thesis), Barbara Casillas Perez (PhD student, postdoc), Erika Dawson (postdoc), (PhD student), Lars Bollmann (PhD student), Heloisa Chiossi (PhD student), Andrea (PhD student), Wiebke Jahr (postdoc), Caroline Kreuzinger (laboratory technician), (scientific intern), Amir Goharshady (PhD student), Ismael Jecker (postdoc), Maria Constance de Parseval (scientific intern), Anna Franschitz (PhD student), Anna Cumpelik (PhD student), Igor Gridchyn (postdoc), Karola Käfer (postdoc), Michele Julia Lyudchik (PhD student), Hope McGovern (academic visitor), Julia Michalska Kleshnina (postdoc), Seyed Mirtaheri (scientific intern), Raimundo Saona Urmeneta Grasse (senior laboratory technician; on maternity leave), Niklas Kampleitner Nardin (PhD student), Juan Ramirez Villegas (ISTplus postdoc), Dámaris Rangel (PhD student), Marek Suplata (software engineer), Mojtaba Tavakoli (PhD student), (scientific intern), Laura Schmid (PhD student), Jakub Svoboda (scientific intern), (project technician), Jessica Kirchner (scientific intern), Megan Kutzer (ISTplus Guerrero (postdoc), Chiara Roth (PhD student), Lydia Simantiraki (ISTern), Jago Sven Truckenbrodt (postdoc), Philipp Velicky (postdoc) Pepa Tkadlec (PhD student), Viktor Toman (PhD student), Djordje Zikelic (PhD postdoc), Sina Metzler (PhD student), Barbara Milutinovic (postdoc), Elisabeth Wallenschus (senior laboratory technician) student) Naderlinger (project technician), Linda Sartoris (PhD student), Florian Strahodinski Career Selected distinctions (scientific intern, MSc thesis), Lassi Tolonen (scientific intern), Filip Turza (scientific Career • 1999 – 2001 Postdoctoral Fellow, • since 2017 Assistant Professor, • 2019 Member of FWF Doctoral Career Selected distinctions intern), Sheetal Vepur (scientific intern) • since 2011 Professor, IST Austria Center for Behavioral and Molecular IST Austria School • since 2014 Professor, IST Austria • 2019 ERC Consolidator Grant • 2008 – 2011 MRC Senior Scientist Neuroscience, Rutgers University, • 2012 – 2016 Postdoc, Department • 2018 ANR/FWF International French/ • 2009 – 2014 Assistant Professor, 2011 Microsoft Research Faculty Career Selected distinctions (tenured), MRC Anatomical New Brunswick, USA of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Austrian Grant IST Austria Fellowship • since 2015 Professor, IST Austria • 2017 ERC Consolidator Grant Neuropharmacology Unit, University • 1999 PhD, Rutgers University, Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, • 2018 Otto-Kraupp Prize for the best • 2008 – 2009 Postdoc, University of • 2011 ERC Starting Grant • 2010 – 2015 Assistant Professor, • 2015 Elisabeth Lutz Prize, Austrian of Oxford, UK New Brunswick, USA Göttingen, Germany medical habilitation California, Santa Cruz, USA • 2008 Ackerman Award, best thesis IST Austria Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) • 2003 – 2008 MRC Senior • 2010 – 2011 Postdoc, Institute for • 2007 PhD, University of California, worldwide in Computer Science • 2010 Habilitation, University of • 2013 Walther Arndt Prize of the Scientist (tenure-track), MRC Selected distinctions Experimental Physics, University of Berkeley, USA Logic Regensburg, Germany German Zoological Society (DZG) Anatomical Neuropharmacology • 2019 Member of Academia Europaea Innsbruck, Austria • 2007 David J. Sakrison Prize, • 2006 – 2010 Group Leader, • 2012 Research Award Lower Austria: Unit, University of Oxford, UK • 2011 ERC Starting Grant • 2010 PhD, University of Innsbruck, best thesis in EECS, University of University of Regensburg, Germany Anerkennungspreis des Landes • 2001 – 2002 Research Associate, • 2010 Title of Ad Hominem Professor Austria California, Berkeley, USA • 2006 Junior Fellow, Institute of Niederösterreich Center for Behavioral and Molecular in Neuroscience at the University of • 2005 MD, Medical University of • 2001 President of India Gold Medal, Advanced Studies, Berlin, Germany • 2011 Elected Member of the Young Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Oxford Innsbruck, Austria best IIT student of the year • 2002 – 2006 Postdoc, University of Academy of the Austrian Academy of New Brunswick, USA Copenhagen, Denmark Sciences (ÖAW) • 2002 PhD, University of • 2009 ERC Starting Grant Regensburg, Germany • 2008 Member of the Young Academy of the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina and the Berlin- Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities; Alumna since 2013 Electrical traces recorded Close-up view of living brain from the hippocampus. tissue imaged with super- resolution STED microscopy. Grooming ants: Garden ants Slowly changing potentials Cellular structures are shown groom one another to remove (local field potentials) are in white. infectious particles from their overlaid with the rapid, body surface. Grooming is spike-like action potentials of a combination of physical individual neurons. removal of the infectious par- ticles and their disinfection using antimicrobials, such as their formic acid-rich poison. Picture by Sina Metzler & Roland Ferrigato, IST Austria

76 77 Mario Herbert László Johannes de Bono Edelsbrunner Erdős Fink Genes, Circuits, Algorithms, Computational Geometry, Mathematics of Disordered and Behavior and Computational Topology Quantum Systems and Matrices Quantum Integrated Devices

The de Bono Group seeks to discover and then dissect basic Understanding the world in terms of patterns and relations is the How do energy levels of large quantum systems behave? What do The Fink group’s research is positioned between quantum optics molecular mechanisms that underpin the functions of neurons undercurrent in computational geometry and topology, the broad the eigenvalues of a typical large matrix look like? Surprisingly, these and mesoscopic condensed matter physics. The team studies and neural circuits. Neurons are highly specialized cells and many research area of the Edelsbrunner group. two very different questions have the same answer! quantum physics in electrical, mechanical and optical chip-based fundamental questions about their organization, function and devices with the goal to advance and integrate quantum technology plasticity remain unaddressed. While geometry measures shapes, topology focuses its attention Large complex systems tend to develop universal patterns that often for simulation, communication, metrology, and sensing. on how the shapes are connected. These shapes may be three- represent their essential characteristics. A pioneering vision of The group initiates many of their studies in C. elegans, because of dimensional (an artistic sculpture or a cave in a mountain), it may Eugene Wigner was that the distribution of the gaps between energy One of the Fink groupʼs goals is to develop a microchip-based its advantages for molecular and cellular neuroscience. Each neuron be four-dimensional (a galloping horse or a flexing protein), or it may levels of complicated quantum systems depends only on the basic router that will be able to convert a microwave signal to an optical of this animal can be identified and visualized in vivo by selectively even have many more than four dimensions (the configuration space symmetry of the model and is otherwise independent of the physical signal with near unity efficiency. With such devices, the researchers manipulating it using transgenes and monitoring its activity with of a robot or the expression pattern of a cancer). The Edelsbrunner details. This thesis has never been rigorously proved for any realistic seek to perform quantum communication with superconducting genetically-encoded sensors. Powerful genetics and advanced group approaches the two related subjects of geometry and topology physical system, but experimental data and extensive numerics circuits and telecom wavelength photons. In one project, the group genomic resources make high-throughput forward genetics and from a computational point of view. The computer aids in this study leave no doubt as to its correctness. The Erdős group took up the uses a qubit to create a single photon state. With the router, this single neuron profiling possible. Genetics are complemented with and it is used to make the insights useful in applications and work- challenge to verify Wigner’s vision with full mathematical rigor as microwave photon is converted into an optical photon, which can biochemistry to get at molecular mechanisms that are usually con- able for non-specialists. The group believes in a broad approach well as to understand the underlying mechanism. Starting from the then be transmitted over long distances using low-loss optical fiber. served from the worm to man. The group aims to take discoveries that does not sacrifice depth, including the development of new simplest model, a large random matrix with independent identically The group will also use this technique to entangle microwave and made in the worm into mammalian models. mathematics, the design of new algorithms and software, and the distributed entries, the group is now able to deal with arbitrary optical photons—an important step toward realizing worldwide application in industry and other areas of science. Candidate areas distributions and even matrices with correlated entries. The quantum networks. Another direction is to develop higher quality Current projects Global animal states | The neural unknome | Neuroimmune for fruitful collaborations include 3D printing, structural molecular mathematical ideas and tools developed along the way will extend qubits by using new electrical circuit elements called geometric signalling biology, neuroscience, and, more generally, data analysis. the scope of random matrix theory and are likely to be used in their superinductors which help suppress charge fluctuations that can Team members 2019 Niko Amin-Wetzel (postdoc), Murat Artan (ISTplus postdoc), many applications beyond quantum physics such as wireless wash out the quantum information stored on-chip. Ekaterina Lashmanova (project technician) Current projects Discretization in geometry and dynamics | Topological data analysis in information space communications and statistics. Career Selected distinctions Team members 2019 Arseniy Akopyan (postdoc), Ranita Biswas (postdoc), Adam Current projects Quantum electro- and optomechanics | Quantum microwave • since 2019 Professor, IST Austria • 2018 Wellcome Investigator Award Brown (postdoc), Sebastiano Cultrera di Montesano (PhD student), Ondrej Draganov photonics | Ultra-high impedance physics for hardware protected qubits | • 1999 – 2019, Programme Leader, • 2014 Honorary Appointment, Current projects Self-consistent resolvent equation and application in random (PhD student), Tatiana Ezubova (ISTern, scientific intern), Olympio Hacquard matrices | Next order correction in the form factor for Wigner matrices | Local Multi-qubit quantum electrodynamics | Resonant nonlinear optics MRC Laboratory of Molecular Garvan Medical Institute, Australia (academic visitor), Teresa Heiss (PhD student), Farid Karimipour (postdoc), Zuzka Team members 2019 Georg Arnold (ÖAW DOC-funded PhD student), Shabir Biology, Cambridge, UK • 2011 ERC Advanced Grant spectral universality for random band matrices | Spectral statistics of random Masárová (PhD student), Alessandro Mella (academic visitor), Anton Nikitenko matrices with correlated entries | Quantum spin glasses Barzanjeh (postdoc), Yuan Chen (ISTplus postdoc), Francisco Martinez Checa • 1995 – 1999, Postdoc, UCSF, • 2011 CoEN Award, Centre of (postdoc), Katharina Ölsböck (PhD student), Georg Osang (PhD student), (ISTern), Farid Hassani (PhD student), William Hease (ISTplus postdoc), Matilda San Francisco, USA Excellence in Neurodegeneration Team members 2019 Giorgio Cipolloni (PhD student), Adrian Dietlein (ISTplus Elizabeth Stephenson (PhD student), Hubert Wagner (postdoc), Mathijs Wintraecken postdoc), Peter Nejjar (postdoc, joint with Maas group), Yuriy Nemish (postdoc), Peruzzo (PhD student), Elena Redchenko (ÖAW DOC-funded PhD student), Alfredo • 1990 – 1995, PhD, University of • 2006 Human Frontiers Science (postdoc) Rueda (postdoc), Rishabh Sahu (PhD student), Riya Sett (PhD student), Andrea Cambridge, UK Program Organization Grant David Renfrew (FWF Lise Meitner postdoc), Dominik Schröder (postdoc), Dániel Viosztek (ISTplus postdoc), Ben Wallace (postdoc) Trioni (PhD student), Matthias Wulf (postdoc), Maria Zelenayova (ISTern), Martin • 2007 Member, EMBO Career Selected distinctions Zemlicka (postdoc) • 2005 The Balfour Lecture, • since 2009 Professor, IST Austria • ISI Highly Cited Researcher The Genetics Society, UK Career Selected distinctions • 2004 – 2012 Professor of Mathe­- • 2018 Wittgenstein Award Career Selected distinctions • 2004 Max Perutz Prize, MRC • since 2013 Professor, IST Austria • ISI Highly Cited Researcher matics, Duke University, Durham, • 2018 ERC Advanced Grant • since 2016 Assistant Professor, • 2018 Fritz Kohlrausch Award Laboratory of Molecular Biology • 2003 – 2013 Chair of Applied • 2017 Leonard Eisenbud Prize USA • 2014 Fellow, European Association Mathematics (C4/W3), Ludwig • 2016 Foreign Member, Hungarian IST Austria • 2017 ERC Starting Grant • 1999 – 2012 Arts and Sciences for Theoretical Computer Science Maximilian University of Munich, Academy of Sciences • 2015 – 2016 Senior staff scientist, • 2012 IQIM Postdoctoral Prize Professor for Computer Science, • 2014 Member, Austrian Academy Germany • 2015 Corresponding Member, California Institute of Technology, Fellowship Duke University, Durham, USA of Sciences (ÖAW) • 1998 – 2003 Assistant, Associate, Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) Pasadena, USA • 2010 ETH Medal for Outstanding • 1996 – 2013 Founder, Principal, and • 2012 Corresponding Member, Full Professor, Georgia Institute of • 2015 Member, Academia Europaea • 2012 – 2015 IQIM Postdoctoral Dissertation Director, Raindrop Geomagic Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) Technology, Atlanta, USA • 2014 Invited Speaker, ICM Research Scholar, California • 2009 CSF Award at the QSIT • 1985 – 1999 Assistant, Associate, • 2008 Member, German Academy • 1995 – 1998 Courant Instructor/ • 2013 ERC Advanced Grant Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Conference on Quantum and Full Professor, University of of Sciences Leopoldina Assistant Professor, Courant • 2007 – 2016 Participant of SFB USA Engineering Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA • 2006 Honorary Doctorate, Graz Institute, New York University, USA TR12, Symmetries and Universality • 2011 – 2012 Postdoctoral Research • 1981 – 1985 Assistant, Graz University of Technology • 1994 – 1995 Postdoc, ETH Zurich, • 1999 – 2005 NSF Grants Fellow, ETH Zurich, Switzerland University of Technology, Austria • 2005 Member, American Academy Switzerland • 1993 – 1994 Alfred P. Sloan • 2010 PhD, ETH Zurich, Switzerland • 1982 PhD, Graz University of of Arts and Sciences • 1994 PhD, Princeton University, USA Foundation Dissertation Fellowship Technology, Austria • 1991 Alan T. Waterman Award, National Science Foundation

C. elegans neurons high- The channel between com- Variance profile of an inho- A source of entangled micro­ lighted using GFP plementary subcomplexes of mogeneous random matrix H wave tones (a Josephson the Voronoi tessellation and (top); eigenvalue distribution parametric converter) can the Delaunay mosaic of H and its limiting density be used to detect an object (bottom) in a proof-of-principle bi- static radar setup. While the entanglement is lost at room temperature, weak remaining quantum correlations between signal and idler tones allow for detecting the object with higher efficiency.

78 79 Julian Jiří Călin Edouard Fischer Friml Guet Hannezo Theory of Partial Differential Equations, Developmental and Systems and Synthetic Physical Principles Applied and Numerical Analysis Cell Biology of Plants Biology of Genetic Networks in Biological Systems

Diverse phenomena such as the motion of fluids or elastic objects, When conditions get tough, animals typically fight or flee, but plants Living systems are characterized by connections and interactions During embryo development, cells must “know” how to behave at the evolution of interfaces, or the physics of quantum-mechanical are rooted in their environment, and, as a result, have become across many scales—from genes to organelles, to cells, to organs, to the right place and at the right time. The Hannezo group applies particles are described accurately by partial differential equations. remarkably adaptable. The Friml group investigates the mechanisms ecologies—as parts of networks. Which basic rules, if any, do these methods from theoretical physics to understand how these robust The Fischer group works on the mathematical analysis of partial underlying plants’ adaptability during embryonic and postembryonic networks follow? The Guet group studies the molecular biology and choices occur. differential equations that arise in the sciences, connecting also to development. evolution of gene regulatory networks by analyzing both natural and areas like numerical analysis or probability. synthetic networks. The Hannezo group is particularly interested in design principles Plants and animals have different life strategies. Plants are highly and processes of self-organization in biology at various scales and Partial differential equations are a fundamental tool for the adaptive and able to modify development and physiology to Genes and proteins constitute themselves into bio-molecular in close collaboration with cell and developmental biologists. Their description of many phenomena in the sciences, ranging from environmental changes; they can easily regulate growth, initiate networks in cells. These genetic networks are engaged in a constant methods include tools from solid and fluid mechanics, statistical the physics of continua like fluids or elastic solids over quantum new organs or regenerate tissues. Many of these developmental process of decision-making and computation over timescales of physics as well as soft matter approaches. Examples of problems mechanics to population biology. Julian Fischer and his group events are mediated by the plant hormone auxin. The Friml group a few seconds to the time it takes a cell to divide, and beyond. By that the group is working on—at three different scales—include: work on the mathematical aspects of partial differential equations. investigates the unique properties of auxin signaling, which can studying existing networks and constructing synthetic networks in (1) How do cytoskeletal elements, which generate forces within One of the group’s main themes is the mathematical justification integrate both environmental and endogenous signals. Employing living cells, the group works to understand how molecular mecha- cells, self-organize to produce complex spatio-temporal patterns? of model simplifications. For example, an elastic material with a methods spanning molecular physiology, developmental and cell nisms interact with evolutionary forces that ultimately shape each (2) How do cells concomitantly acquire identities and shape a tissue highly heterogeneous small-scale structure may in many cases be biology, genetics, biochemistry, and mathematical modeling, other. They use a variety of classical and modern experimental during development?, and (3) How does complex tissue architecture approximated as a homogeneous material. Likewise, a fluid with the group focuses on auxin transport, cell polarity, endocytic techniques that, in combination, enable them to construct any derive from simple self-organizing principles, for instance during low compressibility may in many cases be approximated as ideally recycling as well as non-transcriptional mechanisms of signaling. imaginable network in living bacteria and thus to study the network branching morphogenesis (in organs such as the kidneys, mammary incompressible. To justify such approximations, the group derives The researchers gain insights into the mechanisms governing plant dynamics from the single-cell level all the way to the level of small glands, pancreas, and prostate) as a prototypical example. rigorous estimates for the approximation error. The techniques they development and have shown how signals from the environment are ecologies, in which bacteria interact with bacteriophages. employ connect the analysis of PDEs with adjacent mathematical integrated into plant signaling and result in changes to plant growth Current projects Stochastic branching in mammalian organs | Active fluids and areas like numerical analysis and probability. and development. Current projects Information processing and evolution of complex promoters | cell cytoskeleton | Models of fate choices of stem cells during homeostasis and Single-cell biology of multi-drug resistance | Biology, ecology, and evolutionary embryo development dynamics of restriction-modification systems Team members 2019 Daniel Boocock (PhD student), Bernat Corominas-Murtra Current projects Effective behavior of random materials | Evolution of Current projects Polar auxin transport | Cell polarity and polar targeting | Team members 2019 Vlad-Bogdan Gavra (scientific intern), Rok Grah (ÖAW (postdoc), Zuzana Dunajova (PhD student), Carles Falco (ISTern), Aondoyima interfaces in fluid mechanics and solids | Structure of fluctuations in stochastic Endocytosis and recycling | Non-transcriptional mechanisms of signaling DOC-funded PhD student, joint with Tkačik group), Aleksandra Greshnova Ioratim-Uba (ISTern), Kasumi Kishi (PhD student, joint with Kicheva group), homogenization | Entropy-dissipative PDEs Team members 2019 Maciek Adamowski (postdoc), David Domjan (ISTern), (scientific intern), Maximilian Götz (academic visitor), Kirti Jain (ISTplus postdoc), Suyash Naik (PhD student, joint with Heisenberg group), Oleksandr Ostrenko (IST- Team members 2019 Federico Cornalba (postdoc), Sebastian Hensel Alberto Echevarria Poza (ISTern), Michelle Gallei (PhD student), Zuzana Gelova Stephanie Kainrath (PhD student), Moritz Lang (postdoc), Anna Nagy-Staron plus postdoc, joint with Heisenberg group), Mehmet Can Ucar (postdoc), (PhD student), Jakob Hüpfl (ISTern), Michael Kniely (postdoc) (postdoc), Matous Glanc (predoctoral visiting scientist), Nataliia Gnyliukh (postdoc), Nela Nikolic (ISTplus postdoc), Isabella Tomanek (PhD student), Shilei Xue (postdoc) (PhD student), Corinna Hartinger (scientific intern), Jakub Hajny (PhD student), Kathrin Tomasek (PhD student, joint with Sixt group), Bryan Wu (PhD student) Career Selected distinctions Huibin Han (PhD student), Lukas Hörmayer (PhD student), Alexander Johnson Career Selected distinctions • since 2017 Assistant Professor, • 2015 Dr.-Klaus-Körper Prize, (postdoc), Lanxin Li (PhD student), Linlin Qi (postdoc), Scott Sinclair (postdoc), Career Selected distinctions • since 2017 Assistant Professor, • 2019 EMBO Young Investigator IST Austria PhD Award, Gesellschaft für Lesia Rodriguez Solovey (EMBO-funded ISTplus postdoc), Shutang Tan • since 2018 Professor, IST Austria • 2017 ESPCI Chair, Paris IST Austria Award • 2014 – 2016 Postdoc, Max Planck Angewandte Mathematik und (EMBO-funded postdoc), Mina Vasileva (PhD student), Inge Verstaeten (postdoc), • 2011 – 2018 Assistant Professor, • 2015 ETAPS EASST Best Paper • 2015 – 2017 Sir Henry Wellcome • 2019 ERC Starting Grant Institute for Mathematics in the Mechanik (GAMM) Xixi Zhang (predoctoral visiting scientist), Yuzhou Zhang (ISTplus postdoc) IST Austria Award Postdoctoral Fellow, Gurdon • 2015 Wellcome Trust Fellowship Sciences, Leipzig, Germany • 2009 Postdoc, Harvard University, • 2011 HFSP Young Investigator Grant Institute, Cambridge, UK • 2014 Young Researcher Prize of the • 2013 – 2014 Postdoc, University Career Selected distinctions Cambridge, USA • 2005 Yen Fellow, The University • 2015 – 2017 Junior Research Fellow, Bettencourt-Schuller Foundation of Zurich, Switzerland • since 2013 Professor, IST Austria • 2019 Neuron Award for Contribution • 2005 – 2008 Postdoc, of Chicago Trinity College, University of • 2014 Trinity College Junior Research • 2013 PhD, University of • 2007 – 2012 Full Professor, to Science, Czech Republic University of Chicago, USA Cambridge, UK Fellowship Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany University of Ghent, Belgium • 2017 ERC Advanced Grant • 2004 PhD, Princeton University, USA • 2014 Postdoc, Institut Curie, Paris, • 2010 PhD grant from the French • 2006 Full Professor, University of • 2016 Charles Albert Shull Award, France Ministry of Research Göttingen, Germany ASPB • 2014 PhD, Institut Curie and • 2002 – 2005 Group Leader, • 2015 Selected to 2015 World’s Most Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Habilitation, University of Tübingen, Influential Scientific Minds Paris, France Germany • 2015 Erwin Schrödinger Prize • 2002 PhD, Masaryk University, Brno, • 2014 Běhounek Prize, Czech Ministry Czech Republic of Education • 2000 PhD, University of Cologne, • 2012 EMBO Gold Medal Germany • 2011 Elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) • 2010 Member, EMBO A schematic picture of Polarity in Arabidopsis cells • 2010 Körber European Science Fluorescent microscopy Successive snapshots from upscaling for a material with Award images of Escherichia coli a numerical simulation of a heterogeneous small-scale • 2010 Olchemim Scientific Award cells grown in a “mother- branching morphogenesis in structure • 2005 Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Prize machineˮ that express the mouse kidney • 2004 EMBO Young Investigator AcrB-GFP to visualize the AcrAB-TolC trans-membrane Award complex, the main multi-drug • 2000 Max Planck Society Award: resistance determinant of The Otto Hahn Medal Gram negative bacteria, which undergoes biased partitioning at cell division (Bergmiller et al Science 356, 311-15, 2017).

80 81 Tamás Carl-Philipp Thomas A. Andrew Hausel Heisenberg Henzinger Higginbotham Design and Analysis of Condensed Matter and Geometry and its Interfaces Morphogenesis in Development Concurrent and Embedded Systems Quantum Circuits

How can we understand spaces too large for traditional analysis? The most elaborate shapes of multicellular organisms—the Humans and computers are surprisingly similar: While the Quantum systems are fragile, constantly being altered and Combining ideas from representation theory and combinatorics, the elephant’s trunk, the orchid blossom, the lobster’s claw—all start interaction between two actors may be simple, every additional disrupted by their environment. The Higginbotham group investi- Hausel group develops tools to study the topology of spaces arising off from a simple bunch of cells. This transformation of a seemingly actor complicates matters. The Henzinger group builds the gates electronic devices that are exceptions to this rule, aiming from string theory and quantum field theory. unstructured cluster of cells into highly elaborate shapes is a mathematical foundations for designing complex hardware and to understand the basic principles of their operations and develop common and fundamental principle in cell and developmental software systems. future information-processing technology. Suppose you have many particles, and consider the space made biology and the focus of the Heisenberg group’s work. up of all the ways each particle can move between two points. Over 90% of today’s worldwide computing power is found in Research in the Higginbotham group experimentally explores the Now, play the same game with more complicated objects, such as To gain insights into critical processes by which the developing unexpected places like cell phones or kitchen appliances. Software relationship between condensed matter systems and information vector fields. The resulting spaces are too large to analyze, but it is organism takes shape, the Heisenberg group focuses on gastrula- has become one of the most complicated man-made artifacts, processing. In practice, the group builds devices with topological possible to simplify them along structural symmetries, giving rise to tion in zebrafish and ascidians, a highly conserved process in which making software bugs unavoidable. The Henzinger group addresses superconductors, quantum dots and quantum-critical matter, moduli spaces that are finite-dimensional, but non-compact—again, a seemingly unstructured blastula is transformed into an organized the challenge of reducing software bugs in concurrent and embed- and seeks to understand their behavior using electrical transport, defying traditional methods. The Hausel group studies the topol- embryo. The group has chosen a transdisciplinary approach, ded systems. The former consist of parallel processes that interact superconducting microwave circuits and electromechanical ogy, geometry and arithmetic of these moduli spaces, which include employing a combination of genetic, cell biological, biochemical, with one another, whether in a global network or on a tiny chip. oscillators. The central idea of their approach is that building the moduli spaces of Yang-Mills instantons in four dimensions and and biophysical tools. Using these tools, the group is addressing Because of the large number of possible interactions between rudimentary information-processing devices both teaches us about Higgs bundles in two dimensions, among others. One question is how the interplay between the physical processes driving cell parallel processes, concurrent software is particularly error-prone, the physics of these interesting systems and advances technology the number of high-dimensional holes of the spaces. Using methods and tissue morphogenesis and the gene regulatory pathways and sometimes bugs show up after years of flawless operation. such as quantum computing. Currently, the group is interested in from representation theory and combinatorics, Hausel and his team determining cell fate specification control gastrulation. Insights Embedded systems interact with the physical world; an additional using electromechanical and microwave measurement techniques are able to give results and conjectures that have previously been derived from this work may ultimately have implications for the challenge for this kind of safety-critical software is to react to study quantities that are “invisible” to conventional electrical described by physicists and number theorists in other terms, thus study of wound healing and cancer biology, as immune and cancer sufficiently quickly. The Henzinger group invents mathematical transport experiments. On the electromechanics side, ultra-high-Q connecting a wide variety of fields and ideas. cells share many morphogenetic properties of embryonic cells. methods and develops computational tools for improving the mechanical oscillators are being built to study dynamics and reliability of software in concurrent and embedded systems. quantum coherence in insulating phases of matter. On the micro- Current projects Geometry, topology, and arithmetic of moduli spaces arising Current projects Cell adhesion | Actomyosin contraction | Cell and tissue wave side, wide-band and low noise receiver chains are being in supersymmetric quantum field theories | Representation theory of quivers, morphogenesis | Cell polarization and migration Current projects Analysis and synthesis of concurrent software | Quantitative constructed to perform fundamental studies on the electrical finite groups, Lie and Hecke algebras Team members 2019 Feyza Arslan (PhD student), Debanik Bhattacharjee modeling and verification of reactive systems | Predictability and robustness properties of superconductor-semiconductor heterostructures, Team members 2019 Jan Friedmann (PhD student), Quoc Ho (postdoc), (scientific intern), Silvia Caballero Mancebo (PhD student), Ehsan Ghasemian for real-time and embedded systems | Formal methods for neural networks Sasha Minets (postdoc), William Mistegaard (postdoc), Petr Pushkar (postdoc), (project technician), Karla Huljev (PhD student), Roland Kardos (ISTplus postdoc), Team members 2019 Parand Alizadeh Alamdari (scientific intern), Guy Avni which harbor poorly understood superconducting, metallic and— Tanya Srivastava (ISTplus postdoc), Hongjie Yu (ISTplus postdoc) David Labrousse Arias (laboratory technician), Suyash Naik (PhD student, joint (FWF Lise Meitner postdoc), Soroush Ebadian (scientific intern), Thomas Ferrere possibly—topological phases. with Hannezo group), Diana Nunes Pinheiro (EMBO-, HFSP-funded postdoc), (postdoc), Miriam Garcia Soto (postdoc), Mirco Giacobbe (PhD student), Career • 1999 – 2002 Miller Research Fellow, Oleksandr Ostrenko (ISTplus postdoc, joint with Hannezo group), Nicoletta Bernhard Kragl (PhD student), Mathias Lechner (PhD student), Anna Lukina • since 2016 Professor, IST Austria Miller Institute for Basic Research Petridou (EMBO-funded postdoc), Kornelija Pranjic-Ferscha (laboratory technician), (postdoc), Fabian Mühlböck (postdoc), Christian Schilling (ISTplus postdoc) Current projects Understanding anomalous metallic behavior and amplification • 2012 – 2016 Professor and Chair of in Science, University of California, Alexandra Schauer (DOC-funded PhD student), Cornelia Schwayer (PhD student), with a superconducting circuit | Electromechanics across a quantum phase transition Geometry, EPFL, Lausanne, Berkeley, USA Shayan Shamipour (PhD student, joint with Hof group), Ste Tavano (EMBO- Career Selected distinctions Team members 2019 Andras Di Giovanni (ISTern), Joshua Milm (scientific intern), Switzerland • 1998 – 1999 Member, Institute for funded postdoc), Peng Xia (postdoc) • since 2009 Professor, IST Austria • ISI Highly Cited Researcher Duc Thanh Phan (PhD student), Jorden Senior (predoctoral visiting scientist) • 2007 – 2012 Tutorial Fellow, Advanced Study, Princeton, USA • 2004 – 2009 Professor, EPFL, • 2019 EATCS Award Wadham College, Oxford, UK • 1998 PhD, Trinity College, Career Selected distinctions Lausanne, Switzerland • 2015 Royal Society Milner Award Career Selected distinctions • 2007 – 2012 University Lecturer, University of Cambridge, UK • since 2010 Professor, IST Austria • 2019 Carus Medal, German Academy • 1999 – 2000 Director, Max Planck • 2015 EATCS Fellow • since 2019 Assistant Professor, • 2016 National Research Council University of Oxford, UK • 2001 – 2010 Group Leader, of Sciences Leopoldina Institute for Computer Science, • 2015 Honorary Doctorate, Masaryk IST Austria Postdoctoral Fellowship • 2005 – 2012 Royal Society Selected distinctions Max Planck Institute of Molecular • 2017 ERC Advanced Grant Saarbrücken, Germany University, Brno, Czech Republic • 2017-2019 Researcher, Microsoft • 2010 D.O.E. Office of Science University Research Fellow, • 2013 ERC Advanced Grant Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, • 2017 Lower Austrian Science Award • 1998 – 2004 Professor, University of • 2014 Most Influential 2004 POPL Station Q Copenhagen, Denmark Graduate Fellowship University of Oxford, UK • 2009 EPSRC First Grant Germany • 2015 Member, EMBO California, Berkeley, USA Paper Award • 2015-2017 Postdoc, JILA, USA • 2009 A.P.S. Apker Award Finalist • 2002 – 2010 Assistant, Associate • 2008 Whitehead Prize • 1997 – 2000 Postdoc, University • 2015 Member, German Academy of • 1997 – 1998 Associate Professor, • 2013 AAAS Fellow • 2010-2015 PhD, Harvard University, • 2009 Churchill Foundation Professor, University of Texas, • 2005 Sloan Research Fellow College London, UK Sciences Leopoldina University of California, Berkeley, • 2012 Wittgenstein Award Cambridge, USA Scholarship, Cambridge, UK Austin, USA • 1996 PhD, Max Planck Institute of • 2000 Emmy Noether Junior USA • 2012 Honorary Doctorate, University Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Professorship • 1996 – 1997 Assistant Professor, Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France Germany University of California, Berkeley, • 2012 Logic in Computer Science USA Test-of-Time Award • 1992 – 1995 Assistant Professor, • 2011 Member, Austrian Academy of Cornell University, Ithaca, USA Sciences (ÖAW) • 1991 Postdoc, University Joseph • 2011 ACM SIGSOFT Impact Paper Fourier, Grenoble, France Award Hitchin fibration on the real Zebrafish embryo at the • 1991 PhD, Stanford University, • 2010 ERC Advanced Grant Superconductor-semicon- points of the toy model Higgs onset of gastrulation, stained Palo Alto, USA • 2006 ACM Fellow ductor hybrid device embed- moduli space for nuclei (blue), microtubules • 2006 IEEE Fellow ded in a measurement circuit. (red) and microtubule orga- • 2006 Member, Academia Europaea Higginbotham recently used nizing centers (white) • 2005 Member, German Academy of this setup to discover new conductance symmetries Sciences Leopoldina that arise in the presence of • 1995 ONR Young Investigator Award superconductivity. • 1995 NSF Faculty Early Career Development Award

82 83 Simon Björn Onur Maria Hippenmeyer Hof Hosten Ibáñez Genetic Dissection of Nonlinear Dynamics Quantum Sensing Cerebral Cortex Development and Turbulence with Atoms and Light Functional Nanomaterials

The human cerebral cortex, the seat of our cognitive abilities, is Most fluid flows of practical interest are turbulent, yet our under- The first quantum revolution yielded lasers and transistors more Understanding structure-property relationships as well as the composed of an enormous number and diversity of neurons and glia standing of this phenomenon is very limited. The Hof group seeks than half a century ago. These days, a second quantum revolution is development of materials for target applications is limited by our cells. How the cortex arises from neural stem cells is an unsolved but to gain insight into the nature of turbulence and the dynamics of unraveling, yielding new quantum-enhanced technologies for infor- ability to control the nanostructure of solid state materials. One fundamental question in neuroscience. In the pursuit of mechanistic complex fluids. mation processing, communications and sensing. The Hosten group potential solution is through the use of nanocrystals, which can insights, the Hippenmeyer group genetically dissects corticogenesis is interested in developing new protocols and techniques in the be used as artificial atoms to create metamaterials. at unprecedented single cell resolution using the unique MADM Flows in oceans, around vehicles and through pipelines are all sensing branch of these developments using cold atoms and light. (Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers) technology. highly turbulent. Turbulence governs friction losses and transport The Ibáñez group develops novel functional nanomaterials using and mixing properties. Despite its ubiquity, insights into the nature Onur Hosten is an experimental atomic and optical physicist. precisely designed nanocrystals as building blocks and investigates The Hippenmeyer group’s current objectives are (1) to establish a of turbulence are very limited. To obtain a fundamental understand- His group develops innovative techniques to control the quantum their properties as function of their finely tunable nano-features. definitive quantitative and mechanistic model of cortical neural stem ing of the origin and the principles underlying this phenomenon, the properties of atomic and optical systems. The experimental platform In this way, the researchers are able to create a new generation of cell lineage progression; (2) to dissect the cellular and molecular Hof group investigates turbulence when it first arises from smooth, is many-atom cavity-quantum-electrodynamics (cQED), where large complex materials in which components and functionalities can mechanisms generating cell-type diversity; (3) to determine the laminar flow. The group combines detailed laboratory experiments ensembles of atoms are laser-cooled, trapped inside of an optical be defined in a predictable way. Beyond fundamental studies in role of genomic imprinting, an epigenetic phenomenon, in cortex with highly resolved computer simulations and applies methods cavity and made to interact strongly with light resonating inside the nanocrystal synthesis, surface chemistry and assembly, the group development. In a broader context, the group’s research has the from nonlinear dynamics and statistical physics, enabling them to cavity. The focus of the Hosten group is investigating the concepts also aims to provide high-efficiency cost-effective thermoelectric ultimate goal to advance the general understanding of brain function decipher key aspects of the transition from smooth to turbulent flow of quantum entanglement, quantum measurement and light- materials. and why human brain development is so sensitive to disruption of and identify universal features shared with disordered systems in assisted atomic interactions to develop new sensing techniques, particular signaling pathways in pathological neurodevelopmental other areas of physics. Some of these insights can be used to con- e.g., for force or acceleration sensing, or for making ultra-precise Current projects Syntheses of novel metal and semiconductor nanocrystals | diseases and psychiatric disorders. trol turbulent flow, and the group actively develops such methods. clocks. In the long term, the Hosten group is interested in applying Unravelling of nanocrystal surface chemistry | Nanocrystals assembly and consolidation | Transport properties of nanocrystal-based solids | Electrocatalytic In addition, the group investigates instabilities in fluids with more the precision sensors they develop to explore challenging experi- CO2 conversion | Bottom-up processed thermoelectric nanomaterials Current projects Determine neuronal lineages by clonal analysis | Mechanisms complex properties, such as dense suspensions of particles, mental questions such as the precise interplay between quantum Team members 2019 Dogukan Apaydin (postdoc), Mariano Calcabrini (PhD generating cell-type diversity | Probing genomic imprinting in cortex development polymer solutions and blood flow. mechanics and gravity or the nature of dark matter. student), Cheng Chang (postdoc), Yu Liu (ISTplus postdoc), Guillem Montana Mora Team members 2019 Nicole Amberg (FWF Hertha-Firnberg postdoc), Robert (scientific intern), Sergi Sanchez Ribot (scientific intern), Weishan Tan (ISTern), Beattie (FWF Lise Meitner postdoc), Giselle Cheung (ISTplus postdoc), Ximena Yu Zhang (academic visitor) Contreras Paniagua (PhD student), Amarbayasgalan Davaatseren (laboratory Current projects Revisiting the turbulence problem using statistical mechanics | Current projects Design and construction of a traveling wave optical cavity with technician), Andi Hansen (ÖAW DOC-funded PhD student), Susanne Laukoter Transition from laminar to turbulent flow | Dynamics of complex fluids | Control intra-cavity trapped cold atoms | Generation of spin-squeezed states of atomic Career Selected distinctions (postdoc), Florian Pauler (senior laboratory technician), Jonas Rybnicek (ISTern), of fully turbulent flows | Cytoplasmic streaming | Instabilities in cardiovascular flows ensembles | Mapping atomic spin correlations into motional degrees of freedom | • since 2018 Assistant Professor, • 2017 Ružička Prize Johanna Sonntag (laboratory technician), Melissa Stouffer (ISTplus postdoc), Team members 2019 Nishchal Agrawal (PhD student), Nazmi Burak Budanur Squeezed-state atom interferometry IST Austria • 2017 ETH Zurich Career Seed Grant Carmen Streicher (laboratory technician), Natalie Yildiz Özgen (scientific intern) (postdoc), George Choueiri (ISTplus postdoc), Mike Hennessey-Wesen (PhD Team members 2019 Fritz Diorico (postdoc), Vyacheslav Li (PhD student), • 2014 – 2018 Research Fellow, • 2014 Beatriu de Pinós Postdoctoral student), Lukasz Klotz (ISTplus postdoc), Jose Lopez Alonso (postdoc), Michael Ilango Maran (scientific intern), Yueheng Shi (ISTern), Artem Zhutov (ISTern) ETH Zurich, Switzerland Grant Career Selected distinctions Riedl (PhD student), Davide Scarselli (PhD student), Chaitanya Paranjape (PhD • 2013 – 2014 Research Fellow, • 2013 PhD Extraordinary Award, • since 2019 Professor, IST Austria • 2016 ERC Consolidator Grant student), Gökhan Yalniz (intern), Arnas Volcokas (intern), Shayan Shamipour Career Selected distinctions Catalonia Institute of Energy University of Barcelona • 2012 – 2019 Assistant Professor, • 2014 HFSP Program Grant (PhD student, joint with Heisenberg group), Sarath Sankar Suresh (PhD student), • since 2018 Assistant Professor, • 2011 Outstanding Doctoral Theses Research (IREC), Barcelona, Spain • 2009 Training Program for Academic IST Austria • 2013 Marie Curie Career Integration Balachandra Suri (ISTplus postdoc), Atul Varshney (ISTplus postdoc), IST Austria in AMO Physics (top four), American • 2013 Visiting Researcher, Staff (FPU) • 2011 – 2012 Research Associate, Grant Mukund Vasudevan (laboratory technician), Yi Zhuang (postdoc) • 2015 – 2017 Research Associate, Physical Society Northwestern University, Evanston, Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA • 2009 – 2011 Fellowship for Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA • 2010 Karl van Bibber Postdoctoral USA • 2006 – 2011 Postdoctoral Fellow, Advanced Researchers, Swiss Career Selected distinctions • 2010 – 2015 Postdoctoral Scholar, Research Fellowship, Stanford • 2013 PhD, University of Barcelona, Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA National Science Foundation, Bern, • since 2013 Professor, IST Austria • 2019 Simons Foundation Grant Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA University Spain • 2004 – 2006 Postdoctoral Associate, Switzerland • 2007 – 2013 Research Group • 2017 Fellow of the American Physical • 2010 PhD, University of Illinois at • 2010 Pappalardo Postdoctoral University of Basel and Friedrich • 2007 – 2009 HFSP Long-term Leader, Max Planck Institute for Society, APS Urbana-Champaign, USA Fellowship (offered), Massachusetts Miescher Institute for Biomedical Fellowship Dynamics and Self-Organization, • 2012 ERC Consolidator Grant Institute of Technology Research, Basel, Switzerland • 2006 EMBO Long-term Fellowship Göttingen, Germany • 2011 Dr. Meyer Struckmann Science • 2008 Ross J. Martin Award for • 2004 PhD, University of Basel, • 2005 Natural Sciences Faculty Prize • 2005 – 2007 Lecturer, University of Prize Outstanding Research Achievement, Switzerland for the best PhD thesis of the year Manchester, UK • 2005 RCUK Fellowship University of Illinois at Urbana- 2004 University of Basel, Switzerland • 2003 – 2005 Research Associate, Champaign • 2005 Edmond H. Fischer Prize Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands • 2001 PhD, University of Manchester, UK

MADM-labeled clonally Taming turbulence: The Cold atoms interacting with An analogy of how the Ibáñez related neurons and glia cells streamlines of the initially light inside an optical cavity group builds materials from distributed across the six lay- highly turbulent pipe flow the bottom up, assembling ers in the cerebral cortex. become parallel as time nanoparticles into macro- proceeds and turbulence scopic, multi-compound collapses. materials. This strategy has no competing technology that can match the nanome- ter-scale control over crystal domain size, shape, crystal phase, and 3D-composition distribution.

84 85 Peter Maximilian Georgios Anna Jonas Jösch Katsaros Kicheva Tissue Growth and Cellular Neuroscience Neuroethology Nanoelectronics Developmental Pattern Formation

Synapses enable communication between neurons in the brain. Maximilian Jösch and his group study the neuronal basis of innate It is impossible to picture modern life without thinking of the vast Individuals of the same species can differ widely in size, but their The Jonas group investigates how signals pass through these vital behaviors, i.e. the processes implemented by neuronal circuits amount of microelectronic applications that surround us. However, organs have reproducible proportions and patterns of cell types. interfaces—a major undertaking in the field of neuroscience. to transform sensory information into motor commands. Using such development has only been made possible with the invention This requires the coordination of tissue growth with the generation a combination of molecular and physiological approaches, they of the transistor in the 50s. This—back at that time—few centimeters of diverse cell types during development. The Kicheva group studies Understanding the function of the brain is a major challenge in the monitor brain activity during animal behavior to reveal the large device and product of scientific curiosity led to a technological how this coordination is achieved in the vertebrate neural tube, the 21st century. The human brain comprises ~10 billion neurons, which principles and motifs of neuronal computation. revolution. Until today, the size of a transistor has been shrunk embryonic precursor of the spinal cord and brain. communicate through ~10’000 synapses per cell. Excitatory syn- to less than 14 nm and quantum physics comes into play. The apses use glutamate as a transmitter, whereas inhibitory synapses Two different model organisms, the mouse and the fruit fly Katsaros group investigates semiconductor nanodevices and Neural tube development is controlled by signaling molecules called release Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA). The group addresses (Drosophila melanogaster), are being used in parallel to take studies quantum effects that appear when these devices are morphogens. Morphogens determine what type of neuron a neural two major questions: (1) What are the biophysical signaling and advantage of their unique strengths and gather a general, cooled down to -273.14 °C. progenitor cell will become. They also control tissue growth by plasticity mechanisms at glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses in crossphyla understanding of computational principles. Experiments influencing the decisions of cells to divide or exit the cell cycle. The the cortex? (2) How do specific synaptic properties generate higher in the mouse will allow the group to study the mechanisms used The spin degree of freedom can be used in order to create a two-level goal of the Kicheva group is to better understand how morphogen network functions? In their work, the group combines nanophysiol- by the nervous system to send behaviorally relevant information system, a quantum bit. Katsaros studies such qubits by manipulating signaling is controlled and interpreted by cells to determine cell fate ogy, presynaptic patch-clamp and multi-cell recording, two-photon from the eye to the brain, e.g., to easily detect a red apple in the them with high frequency signals. While in classic computers, a bit and cell cycle progression. One of the groupʼs main projects inves- Ca2+ imaging, optogenetics, functional anatomy (“flash and freeze” green foliage. By conducting experiments in the fly, the group can be in only one of two states, zero or one, in the quantum world, tigates the role of the morphogen sonic hedgehog in controlling the electron microscopy), in vivo recording, and modeling. One focus intends to obtain comprehensive understanding of the molecular, a qubit can be both zero and one at the same time. By combining size of the mouse neural tube. The group uses diverse quantitative is hippocampal mossy fiber synapses and output synapses of anatomical and physiological instructions conveyed by a highly semiconductors with superconductors, the Katsaros group is also experimental approaches. This includes collection of high-resolution parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic interneurons. defined circuit involved in course control. This is possible because aiming to study Majorana fermions. These have been suggested as spatiotemporal datasets of signaling and gene expression in mouse neuronal circuits in the fly brain are highly stereotyped, allowing building blocks for a topological quantum computer in which quantum and chick neural tube development, imaging, and ex vivo assays. Current projects Biophysical mechanisms of synaptic plasticity at hippocampal high-throughput screenings of the behavioral role of identified cells. information would be protected from environmental perturbations. The group collaborates with biophysicists to relate their experiments mossy fiber synapses | Structural changes underlying transmission and plasticity to theoretical frameworks. at central synapses | Analysis of neuronal coding in vivo and in realistic network models Current projects Comprehensive mapping of the behavioral repertoire instructed Current projects Towards hole spin qubits and Majorana fermions in Germanium | Team members 2019 Christina Altmutter (laboratory technician), Yoav Ben Simon by defined neuronal circuitries | Role of electrical synapses in sensory transforma- Hybrid semiconductor-superconductor quantum devices | Hole spin orbit qubits Current projects Integration of opposing morphogen gradients | Morphogen (postdoc), Carolina Borges-Merjane (Else Richter postdoctoral fellow), Jingjing tions | Mechanisms of visual saliency and attention | State dependent modulation in Ge quantum wells | Towards scalable hut wire devices | Topologically protected control of tissue growth | Morphogen gradient formation Chen (PhD student), Claudia Espinoza Martinez (PhD student, postdoc), Olena of sensory information | Sensorimotor transformation in the superior colliculus and scalable quantum bits Team members 2019 Laura Bocanegra (PhD student), Lucrezia Ferme (scientific Kim (PhD student), Eleftheria Kralli Beller (assistant), Florian Marr (senior laboratory Team members 2019 Laura Burnett (PhD student), Divyansh Gupta (PhD student), Team members 2019 Kushagra Aggarwal (scientific intern), Matthias Brauns intern), Catherine Gilbert (project technician), Martina Greunz (laboratory technician), Yuji Okamoto (postdoc), Magdalena Picher (Hertha Firnberg postdoc- Wiktor Mlynarski (ISTplus postdoc), Victoria Pokusaeva (PhD student), Roshan (postdoc), Alessandro Crippa (postdoc), Robin Dekker (ISTern), Luka Drmic (project technician), Gabriela Hristova (ISTern), Aondoyima Ioratim-Uba (ISTern), Kasumi toral fellow), Alois Schlögl (scientific computing), Benjamin Suter (postdoc), David Satapathy (PhD student), Anton Sumser (EMBO-, HFSP-funded postdoc), technician), Chaitrali Duse (ISTern), Andrea Hofmann (postdoc), Marian Janik (PhD Kishi (PhD student, joint with Hannezo group), Tin Kocijan (scientific intern), Vandael (postdoc), Victor Vargas Barroso (ISTplus postdoctoral fellow) Olga Symonova (project technician), Tomas Vega Zuniga (postdoc) student), Daniel Jirovec (PhD student), Josip Kukucka (PhD student), Marin Soce Katarzyna Kuzmicz (ÖAW DOC-funded PhD student), Darya Matvijenko (ISTern), (scientific intern), Lada Vukušić (PhD student, postdoc), Hannes Watzinger (PhD Stefanie Rus (PhD student) Career Selected distinctions Career Selected distinctions student, postdoc) • since 2010 Professor, IST Austria • 2018 Erwin Schrödinger Prize • since 2017 Assistant Professor, • 2018 FENS-Kavli Scholar Career Selected distinctions • 1995 – 2010 Professor of Physiology • 2016 FWF Wittgenstein Award IST Austria • 2017 ERC Starting Grant Career • since 2015 Assistant Professor, • 2015 ERC Starting Grant and Department Head, University of • 2016 ERC Advanced Grant • 2010 – 2016 Postdoc and Research • 2016 Article Recommendation, F1000 • since 2016 Assistant Professor, • 2001 – 2002 Research Assistant, IST Austria • 2009 Marie-Curie Intra-European Freiburg, Germany • 2016 Elected Member Editorial Associate, Harvard University, • 2014 Best Poster Award, IST Austria National Center for Scientific • 2008 – 2015 Postdoc, National Fellowship • 1994 – 1995 Associate Professor, Board, Neuron Cambridge, USA Retina FASEB Meeting • 2012 – 2016 Group Leader, Research “Demokritos”, Athens, Institute for Medical Research, • 2008 FEBS Long-term Fellowship Technical University of Munich, • 2015 Member, Academia Europaea • 2009 Postdoc, Max Planck Institute • 2011 Otto Hahn Medal, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Greece The Francis Crick Institute, UK Germany • 2011 ERC Advanced Grant of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Max Planck Society Austria • 2008 PhD, University of Geneva, • 1990 – 1994 Research Assistant, • 2009 Adolf Fick Award Germany • 2011 Best Neuroscience Article, • 2011 – 2012 Group Leader, Leibniz Selected distinctions Switzerland, and Max Planck Institute Max Planck Institute for Medical • 2008 Member, Academy of • 2009 PhD, Max Planck Institute of Neuroforum Institute for Solid State and Materials • 2015 Member, Young Academy of Cell Biology and Genetics, Research, Heidelberg, Germany Sciences, Heidelberg, Germany Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany • 2010 HFSP Long-term Fellowship Research, Dresden, Germany of the Austrian Academy Dresden, Germany • 1988 – 1989 Postdoc, University of • 2007 Member, Board of Reviewing and Ludwig Maximilian University, • 2009 Summa Cum Laude, • 2006 – 2010 Postdoc, CEA, of Sciences (ÖAW) Giessen, Germany Editors, Science Munich, Germany PhD thesis Grenoble, France • 2013 ERC Starting Grant • 1987 MD / PhD, University of • 2007 Tsungming Tu Award, National • 2006 PhD, Max Planck Institute • 2013 FWF START Award Giessen, Germany Science Council Taiwan for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, • 2012 FWF Lise Meitner Fellowship • 2006 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Award Germany • 2011 Marie Curie Carrier Integration • 2002 Member, German Academy of Grant Sciences Leopoldina • 1998 Max Planck Research Award

Ensemble of eight recon- Neurons in a circuit of the A scanning electron micro- The opposing Shh (green) structed neurons in the mouse brain that are known scope image of a nanowire and BMP (red) morphogen hippocampal dentate gyrus. to modulate innate visual- used for studying the physics signaling gradients (left) and The synapses between these driven behaviors of hybrid semiconductor- the striped pattern of target neurons are believed to play superconductor devices gene expression (right) in the a critical role in pattern sepa- via tunneling spectroscopy mouse neural tube ration (Espinoza et al., Nature measurements Communications, 2018).

86 87 Vladimir Fyodor Christoph Mikhail Kolmogorov Kondrashov Lampert Lemeshko Computer Vision and Theoretical Atomic, Discrete Optimization Evolutionary Genomics Machine Learning Molecular, and Optical Physics

When we step out into the street, we automatically judge the How did living organisms become the way we know them today? The Lampert group performs research on how to make artificial “The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.” Aristotle’s saying distance and speed of cars. For computers, estimating the depth The Kondrashov group is focused on understanding the natural intelligence methods more trustworthy. It investigates questions also holds true in many systems studied in quantum physics. Mikhail of objects in an image requires complex computations. A popular world in an evolutionary context, typically focusing on studying such as: Can we understand not only what modern machine Lemeshko investigates how macroscopic quantum phenomena approach for tackling this problem is to use discrete optimization genetic information due the abundance of DNA and protein learning systems are doing, but also why? Can we give guarantees emerge in ensembles of atoms and molecules. algorithms—the research focus of the Kolmogorov group. sequence data. for their behavior? And finally, can we build systems that learn and one day might become intelligent without sacrificing our rights to Most polyatomic systems in physics, chemistry and biology are The work of Vladimir Kolmogorov’s group can be divided into three Kondrashov and his group do not restrict themselves to studying data protection and privacy? strongly correlated: their complex behavior cannot be deduced from topics. The first is the development of efficient algorithms for infer- specific functions or phenotypes; instead, a staple feature of their the properties of their individual components. Despite considerable ence in graphical models and combinatorial optimization problems. research is a focus on how functions and phenotypes change Computers are becoming more and more powerful at processing effort, understanding strongly correlated, many-body systems still Some of the groupʼs techniques are widely used in computer vision over time. Therefore, their research is inherently interdisciplinary, data, and they have recently learned to perform many tasks that presents a formidable challenge. For instance, given a single atom and other areas, for example the “Boykov-Kolmogorov” maximum grounded in classical evolutionary fields of population genetics were previously thought beyond their reach, such as making of a certain kind, it is hard to predict whether the resulting bulk flow algorithm and the “TRW-S” algorithm for MAP inference in and molecular evolution while drawing from other fields, such as successful financial investments, diagnosing cancer from medical material will be solid, gaseous or liquid, crystalline or amorphous, pairwise graphical models. Kolmogorov’s “Blossom V” algorithm cell and molecular biology, bioinformatics, and biophysics. Recently, images, and even driving cars in traffic. So why aren’t we all relying magnetic or non-magnetic, conductive or insulating. The Lemeshko is currently the fastest technique in practice for computing a mini- the group has become increasingly interested in the experimental on them as financial advisors, oncologists and chauffeurs? Most group studies how many-particle quantum phenomena emerge in mum cost perfect matching in a graph. The second focus is the assay of fitness landscapes. Combining experiments, theory and likely, it is because we do not trust computers enough to let them ensembles of atoms and molecules, and in so doing, answers ques- theoretical investigation of the complexity of discrete optimization, computational biology, they query how changes in the genotype operate important systems autonomously and completely outside tions such as: How many particles are sufficient for a given property in particular using the framework of valued constraint satisfaction affect fitness or specific phenotypes. In the near future, they hope of our control. Besides theoretical research, the group also applies to emerge? How does an external environment modify the properties problems and their variants. Finally, the group has worked on to expand their experimental capabilities in order to query a wider its results to applications in computer vision, such as image under- of quantum systems? The groupʼs theoretical efforts aim to explain applications of discrete optimization in computer vision, such as range of interesting phenotypes in a high-throughput manner. standing, where the goal is to develop automatic systems that can experiments on cold molecules and ultra-cold quantum gases, as image segmentation and stereo reconstruction. analyze the contents of natural images. well as to predict novel, previously unobserved phenomena. Current projects Empirical fitness landscapes | Protein evolution in the context Current projects Inference in graphical models | Combinatorial optimization of epistasis | Population genomics of the spoon-billed sandpiper Current projects Trustworthy machine learning | Transfer and lifelong learning | Current projects Understanding angular momentum properties of quantum problems | Theory of discrete optimization Team members 2019 Olga Bochkareva (postdoc), Vera Emelianenko (scientific Theory of deep learning | Generative modeling in computer vision many-particle systems | Studying open quantum systems and understanding Team members 2019 Sharareh Alipour (postdoc), Martin Dvorak (scientific intern, intern), Louisa Gonzalez Somermeyer (PhD student), Ana Gutierrez Franco (post- Team members 2019 Paul Henderson (postdoc), Nikola Konstantinov (PhD how dissipation acts at the microscopic scale | Many-body physics of ultra-cold PhD student), Yekini Shehu (postdoc) doc), Lada Isakova (scientific intern), Mia Juracic (project technician), Aleksandr student), Alexandra Peste (PhD student), Mary Phuong (PhD student), Amélie quantum gases | Developing techniques to manipulate atoms, molecules, and Kolesov (ISTern), Anastasia Lyulina (laboratory technician), Nick Noel Machnik (PhD Royer (PhD student) interactions between them with electromagnetic fields Career Selected distinctions student), Ekaterina Maksimova (project technician), Rodrigo Redondo (project Team members 2019 Giacomo Bighin (postdoc), Igor Cherepanov (PhD student), • since 2014 Professor, IST Austria • 2018 Best Paper Award – Honorable technician), Catalin Rusnac (PhD student), Anastasia Stolyarova (academic visitor), Career Selected distinctions Tibor Döme (scientific intern), Jiri Etrych (ISTern), Areg Ghazaryan (ISTplus • 2011 – 2014 Assistant Professor, Mention, IEEE/CVF Conference David Vijatovic (ISTern), Petr Vlasov (postdoc) • since 2015 Professor, IST Austria • since 2015 Associate Editor in Chief, postdoc), Xiang Li (PhD student), Julia Liebert (scientific intern), Mikhail Maslov IST Austria on Computer Vision and Pattern • 2010 – 2015 Assistant Professor, IEEE Transactions on Pattern (PhD student), Marjan Mirahmadi (scientific intern), Ekaterina Paerschke • 2005 – 2011 Lecturer, University Recognition Career Selected distinctions IST Austria Analysis and Machine Intelligence (postdoc), Wojciech Rzadkowski (PhD student), Artem Volosniev (postdoc), College London, UK • 2013 ERC Consolidator Grant • since 2017 Professor, IST Austria • 2017 ERC Consolidator Grant • 2007 – 2010 Senior Research (T-PAMI) Enderalp Yakaboylu (ISTplus postdoc) • 2003 – 2005 Assistant Researcher, • 2012 Koenderink Prize, European • since 2012 Scientific Director, • 2016 Plan Estatal, Spanish Ministry Scientist, Max Planck Institute for • 2012 ERC Starting Grant Microsoft Research, Cambridge, UK Conference on Computer Vision School of Molecular and Theoretical of Economics and Competitiveness Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, • 2008 Best Paper Award, IEEE Career Selected distinctions • 2003 PhD, Cornell University, Ithaca, • 2007 Honorable mention, Biology • 2016 Zimin Foundation Grant School Germany Conference for Computer Vision • since 2019 Professor, IST Austria • 2018 ERC Starting Grant USA outstanding student paper award • 2011 – 2017 ICREA Research of Molecular and Theoretical Biology • 2004 – 2007 Senior Researcher, and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) • 2014 – 2019 Assistant Professor, • 2017 Ludwig Boltzmann Prize, (to M. Pawan Kumar) at Neural Professor, Centre for Genomic • 2014 ERC Starting Grant German Research Center for • 2008 Best Student Paper Award, IST Austria Austrian Physical Society Information Processing Systems Regulation, Barcelona, Spain • 2013 Plan Nacional Grant, Artificial Intelligence, Kaiserslautern, European Conference for Computer • 2011 – 2014 ITAMP Postdoctoral • 2012 One of four finalists, worldwide Conference • 2008 – 2017 Junior Group Leader, Spanish Ministry of Economics Germany Vision (ECCV) Fellow, Harvard University, Thesis Prize competition, AMO • 2006 – 2011 Royal Academy of Engi- Centre for Genomic Regulation, and Competitiveness • 2003 PhD, University of Bonn, • 2008 Main Prize, German Society Cambridge, USA division of the American Physical neering/EPSRC Research Fellowship Barcelona, Spain • 2012 Howard Hughes Medical Germany for Pattern Recognition (DAGM) • 2011 PhD, Fritz Haber Institute of the Society • 2005 Best Paper Award – Honorable • 2008 PhD, University of California, Institute International Early Career Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany • 2011 ITAMP Postdoctoral Fellowship Mention, IEEE Conference on San Diego, USA Scientist Award Computer Vision and Pattern • 2011 EMBO Young Investigator Recognition Award • 2002 Best Paper Award, European • 2010 Theodosius Dobzhansky Prize, Conference on Computer Vision Society for the Study of Evolution • 2010 Plan Nacional Grant, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation • 2005 National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellow

Example of the “Grabcut” Lowland coastal tundra in Schematic illustration of Fine structure appearing interactive image segmenta- the Chukotka region, seen multi-task learning: Informa- in the rotational spectrum tion algorithm based on here from a helicopter, is tion is transferred between of a molecule due to the graph cuts, which has been the breeding habitat of the different learning tasks interaction with a quantum incorporated in Microsoft spoon-billed sandpiper, a through a suitably weighted many-body environment Office 2010 model species of migrating sharing of annotated training waders. examples. As a consequence, the number of necessary training examples per task is reduced and the prediction quality improved.

88 89 Martin Jan Marco Gaia Loose Maas Mondelli Novarino Self-organization of Data Science, Machine Learning, Genetic and Molecular Basis Protein Systems Stochastic Analysis and Information Theory of Neurodevelopmental Disorders

How are nanometer-sized proteins able to perform complex Airplane turbulence, stock rate fluctuations and epidemic We are at the center of a revolution in information technology, with Gaia Novarino’s research aims to study genes underlying inherited functions on a cellular scale? The Loose group studies the molecular spreading are examples of highly irregular real-world phenomena data being the most valuable commodity. Exploiting this exploding forms of neurodevelopmental disorders such as epilepsy, intellectual mechanisms of intracellular self-organization by rebuilding cellular subject to randomness, noise, or uncertainty. Mathematician number of data sets requires addressing complex inference disability, and autism. Neurodevelopmental disorders affect millions functions in a bottom-up approach. Jan Maas develops new methods for the study of such random problems, and the Mondelli group works to develop mathematically of people and are often refractory to treatments. Her group employs processes in science and engineering. principled solutions. many different techniques—from molecular biology to behavior—to Although we often know which proteins are required for specific identify common pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this processes in the cell, how they act together to accomplish this task Random processes are often so irregular that existing mathematical Inference problems span different fields and arise in a variety of group of disorders. is not yet understood. Instead of looking at complex phenomena in methods are insufficient to describe them accurately. The Maas applications coming from engineering and the natural sciences. In an intact cell, the Loose group aims to rebuild cellular functions from group combines ideas from probability theory, mathematical analysis particular, the Mondelli group focuses on wireless communications Neurodevelopmental disorders are caused by mutations in a purified components. This bottom-up approach allows for a better and geometry to gain new insights into the complex behavior of and machine learning. In wireless communications, given a trans- plethora of genes, whose role in the brain is mostly unknown. control of the experimental conditions and a quantitative charac- these processes. Their recent work has been inspired by ideas from mission channel, the goal is to send information encoded as a Identifying the molecular mechanisms underlying these genetic terization of the underlying molecular processes. Ultimately, this optimal transport, a subject originating in economics and engineering message while optimizing for certain metrics, such as complexity, forms of seizure, autism syndromes and intellectual disability may helps to identify the mechanistic principles that allow to give rise to that deals with the optimal allocation of resources. The Maas group reliability, latency, throughput, or bandwidth. In machine learning, retain the key to develop therapeutic strategies for this group of living systems. The interdisciplinary approach of the Loose group applies these techniques to diverse problems involving complex given a model for the observations, the goal is to understand how conditions. The Novarino group studies the function of epilepsy-, combines biochemical reconstitution experiments with advanced networks, chemical reaction systems and quantum mechanics. many samples convey sufficient information to perform a certain intellectual disability- and autism-causing genes at the system, fluorescence microscopy, biomimetic membrane systems, and Another research focus is stochastic partial differential equations. task and to identify the optimal ways to utilize such samples. cellular and molecular levels with the goal of providing a framework computer-aided image analysis. They currently focus on two These equations are commonly used to model high-dimensional Both the vision and the toolkit adopted by the Mondelli group are for the development of effective pharmacological therapies and the research questions: (1) What is the mechanism of bacterial cell random systems in science and engineering, ranging from bacteria inspired by information theory, which leads to the investigation of background for the identification of new pathological genetic division?, and (2) What are the emergent properties of small GTPase colony growth to weather forecasting. The Maas group develops the following fundamental questions: What is the minimal amount variants. Their work in understanding the underlying mechanisms networks involved in membrane identity formation and vesicle robust mathematical methods to study these equations, which is of information necessary to solve an assigned inference problem? will moreover advance the overall understanding of the human brain. transport? expected to lead to new insights into the underlying models. Given this minimal amount of information, is it possible to design a low-complexity algorithm? What are the fundamental trade-offs Current projects Molecular mechanisms underlying autism spectrum disorders | Current projects Self-organization of the bacterial cell division machinery | Current projects Homogenization of discrete optimal transport | Curvature- between the parameters at play (e.g., dimensionality of the problem, SETD5 gene in intellectual disability | Modeling epileptic encephalopathies and autism spectrum disorders in human brain organoids | Role of the autism- Emergent properties of small GTPase networks dimension criteria for Markov processes | Gradient flow structures in dissipative size of the data sample, complexity)? Team members 2019 Albert Auer (PhD student), Natalia Baranova (postdoc), quantum systems associated gene CHD8 in cortical development | The role of branched amino Urban Bezeljak (PhD student), Paulo Dos Santos Caldas (PhD student), Team members 2019 Dario Feliciangeli (PhD student, joint with Seiringer group), acid-dependent pathways in neurodevelopmental disorders Christian Düllberg (postdoc), Katrin Loibl (laboratory technician), Maria Del Dominik Forkert (PhD student), Mate Gerencser (FWF Lise Meitner, ISTplus Current projects Fundamental limits and efficient algorithms for deep learning | Team members 2019 Narkhyun Bae (ISTplus postdoc), Bernadette Basilico Mar Lopez Pelegrin (laboratory technician), Batirtze Prats Mateu (postdoc), postdoc), Peter Nejjar (postdoc, joint with Erdős group), Lorenzo Portinale (PhD Non-convex optimization in high-dimensions | Optimal code design for short block (postdoc), Barbara de Sousa Oliveira (ISTplus postdoc), Christoph Dotter (PhD Philipp Radler (PhD student), Veronika Szentirmai (scientific intern) student), Federico Sau (postdoc), Haonan Zhang (postdoc) lengths student), Farnaz Freeman (project technician), Luis Garcia Rabaneda (postdoc), Team members 2019 Alexander Shevchenko (PhD student) Gabriel Gonzales (academic visitor), Lisa Knaus (PhD student), Anna Kniazeva Career Selected distinctions Career Selected distinctions (academic visitor), Magdalena Ladrón de Guevara (laboratory technician), • since 2015 Assistant Professor, • 2019 EMBO Young Investigator • since 2014 Assistant Professor, • 2016 ERC Starting Grant Career Selected distinctions Annabella Liebl (FFG funded scientific intern), Jasmin Morandell (PhD student), IST Austria • 2015 HFSP Young Investigator Grant IST Austria • 2013 – 2014 Project Leader, • since 2019 Assistant Professor, • 2019 Lopez-Loreta Prize Ilaria Parenti (postdoc), Eva Reinthaler (postdoc), Roberto Sacco (postdoc), • 2011 – 2014 Departmental Fellow, • 2015 ERC Starting Grant • 2009 – 2014 Postdoc, University of Collaborative Research Centre “The IST Austria • 2018 Simons-Berkeley Research Lena Schwarz (PhD student), Margit Katalin Szigeti (ISTplus postdoc), Benjamin- Harvard Medical School, Boston, • 2012 – 2014 HSFP Long-term Bonn, Germany mathematics of emergent effects” • 2017 – 2019 Postdoc, Stanford Fellowship Leon Traub (scientific intern), Aysan Yahya (PhD student, project technician) USA Fellowship • 2009 Postdoc, University of • 2009 – 2011 NWO Rubicon University, Palo Alto, USA • 2018 EPFL Doctorate Award • 2010 – 2011 Postdoc, TU Dresden • 2011 – 2012 EMBO Long-term Warwick, UK Fellowship • 2018 Research Fellow, Simons • 2017 Early Postdoc Mobility Career Selected distinctions and Max Planck Institute of Fellowship • 2009 PhD, Delft University of Institute for the Theory of Computing, Fellowship, Swiss National Science • since 2019 Professor, IST Austria • 2017 Knight Grand Cross, Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, • 2010 Dr. Walter Seipp Award for best Technology, The Netherlands Berkeley, USA Foundation • 2014 – 2019 Assistant Professor, Order of Merit of the Italian Republic Dresden, Germany dissertation at TU Dresden • 2016 PhD, EPFL, Lausanne, • 2016 Best Paper Award, ACM IST Austria • 2016 Simons Foundation Autism • 2010 PhD, TU Dresden and Max • 2001 – 2009 Student and PhD Switzerland Symposium on Theory of Computing • 2010 – 2013 Postdoc, UCSD (Joseph Research Initiative (SFARI) Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Fellowship of the German National (STOC) Gleeson Lab), La Jolla, USA Investigator Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Scholarship Foundation • 2015 Best Student Paper Award, • 2006 – 2010 Postdoc, Center for • 2016 ERC Starting Grant Germany IEEE International Symposium on Molecular Neurobiology, Hamburg, • 2016 FENS-Kavli Scholar Information Theory (ISIT) Germany and MDC/FMP, Berlin, • 2015 Boehringer Ingelheim FENS • 2015 Dan David Prize Scholarship Germany Research Award 2016 • 2006 PhD, University La Sapienza, • 2014 Citizens United for Research in Rome, Italy Epilepsy (CURE) Taking Flight Award • 2012 Citizens United for Research in Epilepsy (CURE) Young Investigator Travel Award In vitro reconstitution of the Comparison between the • 2011 DFG 2-year Fellowship initial stages of bacterial cell performance of stochastic division: a minimal protein gradient descent (SGD) run system of FtsA, FtsZ and on a two-layer neural network FtsN self-organize into dy- and the “mean field” partial namic cytoskeletal patterns. differential equation (PDE). When the number of neurons is large, the dynamics of SGD Gradient flow discretization Analysis of neuronal morphol- is well approximated by the of a fourth-order diffusion ogy in autism spectrum “mean field” PDE; and the equation disorder mouse models PDE converges exponentially fast to the global optimum when it is displacement convex.

90 91 Krzysztof Leonid Florian Robert Pietrzak Sazanov Schur Seiringer Structural Biology of Structural Biology of Cryptography Membrane Protein Complexes Cell Migration and Viral Infection Mathematical Physics

Cryptography, the science of information security, is often relegated Membrane proteins are responsible for many fundamental cellular Structural plasticity and movement play fundamental roles in life, The Seiringer group develops new mathematical tools for the to the realm of spies and secret agents. However, we all rely processes including the transport of ions and metabolites, energy from the level of whole organisms down to cells, viruses and rigorous analysis of many-particle systems in quantum mechanics, on cryptography on a daily basis, for example when using internet conversion and signal transduction. They are the target of about two individual molecules. The Schur group uses advanced cryo-electron with a special focus on exotic phenomena in quantum gases, banking or a wireless car key. The Pietrzak group works on thirds of modern drugs. However, membrane proteins, especially microscopy and image processing methods to study the structure like Bose-Einstein condensation and superfluidity. theoretical and practical aspects of cryptography, including: large complexes, are challenging for structural studies and so are and function of protein complexes in situ, where they can adopt underrepresented in structural databases. The Sazanov group has different conformations or are continuously remodeled. A basic problem in statistical mechanics is to understand how Crypto for light-weight devices. The team works towards provably long been interested in the structural biology of membrane proteins. the same equations on a microscopic level lead to a variety of very secure cryptographic schemes for light-weight devices such as The Schur group focuses on the dynamic actin cytoskeleton, the different manifestations on a macroscopic level. Due to the intrinsic RFID tags, which are too constrained to run existing cryptographic The main emphasis has been on complex I of the respiratory chain, key player in the ability of cells to move. Actin-mediated cell migra- mathematical complexity of this problem, one typically has to resort schemes. a huge (~1 MDa) enzyme central to cellular energy production. tion is important in physiological events as embryonic development to perturbation theory or other uncontrolled approximations, whose Leakage-resilient cryptography. This project aims to construct So far, the researchers have determined all the first atomic or wound healing, but deregulation of these processes leads to justification remains open. It therefore poses a challenge to derive schemes that are provably secure against “side-channel attacks”. structures of complex I, from bacterial to the more elaborate pathologies including tumor cell metastasis and pathogen infection. non-perturbative results and to obtain precise conditions under These are attacks in which an attacker exploits information leaked mammalian version. The structures suggest a unique mechanism The group thus aims to understand the underlying structural prin- which the various approximations can or cannot be justified. For this during computation from a cryptographic device like a smart card. of proton translocation, which they are studying using both X-ray ciples that control these complex mechanisms. In addition, they are purpose it is necessary to develop new mathematical techniques Sustainable cryptocurrencies. Bitcoin is the first successful digital crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy. The group is also studying complex and irregular viruses, including retroviruses and and methods. These new methods lead to different points of view currency. Its popularity comes from the fact that it is decentralized, investigating other related membrane protein complexes, such as selected DNA-viruses, where the latter are also important model and thus increase our understanding of physical systems. Concrete so no central authority controls it. To achieve security despite antiporters. These studies will help to understand the molecular organisms to understand actin-mediated pathogen propulsion. problems under current investigation include the spin-wave approxi- decentralization, a huge amount of computing power is constantly design of some of the most intricate biological machines. Medical Viruses are useful tools for electron microscopy method development, mation in magnetism, the validity of the Bogoliubov approximation wasted towards generating “proofs of work”. This is economically implications are multifaceted and the Sazanov group is interested but deciphering their structure is also crucial for understanding in the description of dilute Bose gases, and the behavior of polaron and ecologically problematic. The Pietrzak group works towards in developing potential drug candidates. features of the viral lifecycle, as assembly and infection. systems at strong coupling. more sustainable cryptocurrencies. Current projects Mechanism of coupling between electron transfer and proton Current projects In situ structural biology of actin-mediated processes in Current projects Polaron models at strong coupling | The Heisenberg ferromagnet Current projects Leakage-resilient cryptography | Cryptosystems for light-weight translocation in complex I | Structure and function of mitochondrial respiratory cell migration | Structure and function of filopodia across scales | Structural at low temperature and the spin-wave approximation | Validity of the Bogoliubov devices | Computational entropy | Memory-hard functions | Cryptocurrencies supercomplexes | Structure and function of other membrane protein complexes conservation and diversity of retroviral capsid approximation for weakly interacting Bose gases Team members 2019 Benedikt Auerbach (postdoc), Margarita Capretto (ISTern), relevant to bioenergetics Team members 2019 Robert Dick (academic visitor), Georgi Dimchev (FWF Lise Team members 2019 Niels Benedikter (postdoc), Chiara Boccato (postdoc), Lea Chethan Kamath Hosdurg (PhD student), Karen Klein (PhD student), Miguel Team members 2019 Alexej Charnagalov (laboratory technician), Arianna Cocco Meitner postdoc), Florian Fässler (postdoc), Martin Obr (postdoc), Dario Porley Bossmann (postdoc), Andreas Deuchert (postdoc), Dario Feliciangeli (PhD student), Cueto Noval (ISTern), Guillermo Pascual Perez (PhD student), Ahmadreza Rahimi (postdoc), Mikel García Alija (ISTern), Javier Gutiérrez-Fernandez (postdoc), Domen (PhD student), Julia Stanger (PhD student), Andreas Thader (project technician), Nikolai Leopold (postdoc), Simon Mayer (PhD student), Krzysztof Mysliwy (PhD (predoctoral visiting scientist), Michael Walter (postdoc), Michelle Yeo (PhD student) Kampjut (PhD student), Karol Kaszuba (FWF Lise Meitner postdoc), James Letts Bettina Zens (PhD student) student), Simone Rademacher (postdoc) (Marie Curie postdoctoral fellow), Kristina Lukic (PhD student), Julia Steiner (ÖAW Career Selected distinctions DOC-funded PhD student), Irene Vercellino (ISTplus postdoc), Long Zhou (postdoc) Career Selected distinctions Career Selected distinctions • since 2016 Professor, IST Austria • 2015 ERC Consolidator Grant • since 2017 Assistant Professor, • 2018 FWF Standalone research grant • since 2013 Professor, IST Austria • 2019 Fellow, American Mathematical • 2011 – 2016 Assistant Professor, • 2010 ERC Starting Grant Career IST Austria • 2016 Paper of the Year Award, • 2010 – 2013 Associate Professor, Society IST Austria • since 2015 Professor, IST Austria • 1990 – 1992 Postdoc, Belozersky • 2016 – 2017 Postdoc, European Journal of Structural Biology McGill University, Montreal, Canada • 2017 Corresponding Member, • 2005 – 2011 Scientific Staff Member, • 2006 – 2015 Program Leader, MRC Institute of Physico-chemical Molecular Biology Laboratory, • 2016 F1000 Article recommendation • 2005 Habilitation, University of Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Biology, Moscow State University, Heidelberg, Germany • 2013 F1000 Article recommendation Vienna, Austria • 2016 ERC Advanced Grant Amsterdam, The Netherlands Cambridge, UK Russia • 2016 PhD, European Molecular • 2003 – 2010 Assistant Professor, • 2012 – 2017 William Dawson • 2006 Postdoc, École Normale • 2000 – 2006 Group Leader, MRC • 1990 PhD, Moscow State University, Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg and Princeton University, USA Scholarship Supérieure, Paris, France Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Russia University of Heidelberg, Germany • 2001 – 2003 Postdoc, Princeton • 2012 – 2014 NSERC E.W.R. Steacie • 2005 PhD, ETH Zurich, Switzerland Cambridge, UK University, USA Memorial Fellowship • 1997 – 2000 Research Associate, Selected distinctions • 2000 – 2001 Assistant, University of • 2009 – 2010 US National Science MRC Laboratory of Molecular • 2019 Fellow of the Royal Society Vienna, Austria Foundation CAREER Grant Biology, Cambridge, UK • 2018 Member, EMBO • 2000 PhD, University of Vienna, • 2009 Henri Poincaré Prize of • 1994 – 1997 Research Fellow, • 2016 Academic Editor, Cell Stress Austria the International Association of Imperial College, London, UK • 2013 Member of Faculty of 1000 Mathematical Physics • 1992 – 1994 Postdoc, University of • 2012 EMBO Grant • 2004 – 2006 Alfred P. Sloan Fellow Birmingham, UK • 2004 Royal Society Grant • 2001 – 2003 Erwin Schrödinger • 2002 Royal Society Grant Fellow • 1992 Wellcome Trust Fellowship

Light-weight devices require Structure of the entire mito- Near-atomic resolution Phase diagram of a dilute simple and efficient crypto- chondrial respiratory structure of retroviral Bose gas graphic schemes. complex I (mammalian en- assemblies by cryo-electron zyme from Ovis aries, solved tomography reveals by cryo-EM). Each of 45 pro- important features in viral tein subunits is colored differ- assembly and maturation. ently. Approximate location of the mitochondrial membrane is indicated in grey.

92 93 Maksym Ryuichi Sandra Daria Serbyn Shigemoto Siegert Siekhaus Condensed Matter Neuroimmunology in Theory and Quantum Dynamics Molecular Neuroscience Health and Disease Invasive Migration

How do isolated quantum systems behave when prepared in a highly Information transmission, the formation of memory, and plasticity Identifying brain function has primarily concentrated on how The ability of cells to migrate is crucial for their function in the im- non-equilibrium state? How can such quantum systems avoid the are all controlled by various molecules at work in the brain. Focusing environmental signals are encoded within a complex neuronal mune system, the formation of the body, and the spread of cancer. ubiquitous relaxation to a thermal equilibrium? How can we gain on the localization and distribution of molecules in brain cells, the network—the impact of the immune system was mostly overlooked. The Siekhaus group investigates how cells move within the complex novel insights into properties of quantum matter using modern non- Shigemoto group investigates their functional roles in higher brain The Siegert group focuses on how neurons and microglia interact environment of an organism, using the genetic power of the fruit fly equilibrium probes? These and other open questions in the field of functions. with each other and how malfunctions within this relationship impact to interrogate this process and identify ways in which it is regulated. quantum non-equilibrium matter are the focus of the Serbyn group. neuronal circuit formation and function in health and disease. The release of neurotransmitters from a nerve cell into the synapse, Vertebrate immune and cancer cells need to squeeze between The majority of isolated quantum systems thermalize, i.e., they reach where they act on receptors of the connecting nerve cell, is the Microglia are the CNS-resident macrophages and continually sense closely connected cells to disseminate in the body. Daria Siekhaus thermal equilibrium when starting from non-equilibrium states. The primary process of information transmission and computation in their neuronal environment. They switch between functional states and her group study how cells penetrate such tissue barriers, first research direction of the Serbyn group is to understand mecha- the brain. The Shigemoto group studies the localization of single that either promote or counteract removal of circuit elements. But using the developmental movement of macrophages in the fruit nisms of thermalization breakdown. Many-body localized systems neurotransmitter receptors, ion channels, and other functional how microglia decide when to alter circuit elements without inducing fly Drosophila melanogaster as a model. The Siekhaus group uses present one generic example of thermalization breakdown due molecules to understand the molecular basis of neuronal information circuit malfunction is not known. Activated microglia are a feature of a combination of imaging, genetics, cell biology, biophysics, and to the presence of strong disorder. The Serbyn group is studying processing. The group has pioneered several methods for studying CNS pathologies such as glaucoma and Alzheimer’s disease. Thus, modeling to identify the strategies that underlie tissue invasion. The properties of many-body localized phase and phase transition into the localization of functional molecules at an unprecedented it is important to study the contribution of these cells and to develop group has found that a cytokine conserved in vertebrates facili- thermalizing phase. Kinetically constrained models present another sensitivity, detecting and visualizing even single membrane proteins strategies for manipulating them in a beneficial manner. The Siegert tates tissue entry by reducing tension in surrounding tissues. The class of systems with some signatures of thermalization breakdown. in nerve cells using SDS-digested freeze-fracture replica labeling. group addresses this using the mammalian retina, which consists of researchers have defined a novel program acting in disseminating The Serbyn group is actively working on non-equilibrium properties The researchers apply these methods to investigate the mecha- morphologically well-defined cell types that are precisely mapped in and invading macrophages that alters glycosylation to aid invasion; of quantum models with constrained dynamics. A second area of nisms of signaling and plasticity in the brain, with questions ranging their connection and functional properties. The researchers combine this program displays molecular conservation in metastatic cancer interest to the Serbyn group is related to non-equilibrium probes in from neurotransmission to learning. molecular biology, virology, genomics, computational, and functional cells. They have also defined a conserved pioneer invader program condensed matter systems. imaging as well as iPS technology to translate their observations to acting in macrophages that activates transcription and translation of Current projects New chemical labeling methods for high resolution EM a human-relevant perspective. an mRNA subset to increase tissue entry. Current projects Many-body localization | Quantum ergodicity breaking | visualization of single molecules | Ultrastructural localization and function of receptors and ion channels in the brain | Mechanisms of long-term memory Non-equilibrium probes of solids | Spin-orbit coupled materials Current projects What defines microglial reactivity and how can we manipulate Current projects The role of cell division in regulating invasive migration | A novel Team members 2019 Pietro Brighi (PhD student), Stefano De Nicola (postdoc), formation | Left-right asymmetry of hippocampal circuitry Team members 2019 Catarina Alcarva (ÖAW DOC-funded PhD student), it? | How do microglia impact neuronal function? transporter and its effect on glycosylation, immune function and metastasis | Peter Gerlagh (scientific intern), Tobias Gulden (postdoc), Raimel Medina Ramos Team members 2019 Katarina Bartalska (laboratory technician), Gloria Colombo A conserved pioneer cell program that governs invasion through transcriptional (scientific intern), Alexios Michailidis (postdoc), Barbara Roos (scientific intern) Pradeep Bhandari (PhD student), Matthew Case (postdoc), Jessica Coelho Gaspar (postdoc), Kohgaku Eguchi (Marie Curie postdoctoral fellow), Felipe Fredes Tolorza (PhD student), Ryan John Cubero (ISTplus postdoc), Verena Hübschmann (PhD and translational shifts student), Medina Korkut-Demirbas (project technician), Margaret Maes (postdoc), Team members 2019 Maria Akhmanova (FWF Lise Meitner postdoc), Julia Biebl Career Selected distinctions (postdoc), Elena Hollergschwandtner (laboratory technician), Marijo Jevtic (PhD student), David Kleindienst (ÖAW DOC-funded PhD student), Tsuneyuki Koga Benedetta Mendicino (scientific intern), Bálint Nagy (postdoc), Mariam Atef Othman (laboratory technician), Shamsi Emtenani (PhD student), Attila György (laboratory • since 2017 Assistant Professor, • 2019 ERC Starting Grant (scientific intern), Florianne Schoot Uiterkamp (PhD student), Rouven Schulz (ÖAW technician), Michaela Misova (PhD student), Justine Renno (project technician), IST Austria • 2019 Ludwig Boltzmann Prize (postdoc), Peter Koppensteiner (postdoc), Hana Korinkova (scientific intern), Elodie Le Monnier (laboratory technician), Jacqueline-Claire Montanaro-Punzengruber DOC-funded PhD student), Alessandro Venturino (laboratory technician), Gabriele Marko Roblek (postdoc), Katarina Valosková (PhD student), Stephanie Wachner • 2014 – 2017 Gordon and Betty • 2013 Andrew Locket III Memorial Maria Wögenstein (scientific intern, MSc thesis) (ÖAW DOC-funded PhD student) Moore Postdoctoral Fellow, Fund Award, Massachusetts Institute (senior laboratory technician), Nandhini Natarajan (scientific intern), Cihan Önal University of California, Berkeley, of Technology (PhD student), Maria Silva Sifuentes (laboratory technician), Shigekazu Tabata (postdoc) Career Selected distinctions Career Selected distinctions USA • 2009 – 2010 Praecis Presidential • since 2015 Assistant Professor, • 2017 Liese Prokop Award • since 2012 Assistant Professor, • 2019 Chosen for “Excellence in • 2014 PhD, Massachusetts Institute Graduate Fellowship, Massachusetts IST Austria • 2016 ERC Starting Grant IST Austria Peer Review” by Developmental Cell of Technology, Cambridge, USA Institute of Technology Career Selected distinctions • since 2013 Professor, IST Austria • ISI Highly Cited Researcher • 2011 – 2015 Postdoctoral Associate, • 2013 SWISS OphthAWARD • 2003 – 2011 Research Scientist, editors • 2005 – 2006 Enrico Fermi Junior Massachusetts Institute of • 2012 HFSP Long-term Fellowship Skirball Institute, New York University • 2018, 2019 F1000 Prime highlighted Grant • 1998 – 2014 Professor, National • 2017 Member, Academia Europaea Institute for Physiological Sciences, • 2016 ERC Advanced Grant Technology, Cambridge, USA • 2011 EMBO Long-term Fellowship Medical Center, USA papers Okazaki, Japan • 2000 ISI Citation Laureate Award • 2010 PhD, Friedrich Miescher • 2011 SNSF Fellowship for • 1999 – 2003 Postdoctoral Fellow, • 2016 FWF Grant • 1990 – 1998 Assistant Professor, Institute for Biomedical Research, prospective researchers University of California, Berkeley, • 2012 Marie Curie Career Integration Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Basel, Switzerland USA Grant Kyoto, Japan • 1998 PhD, Stanford University, • 2003 – 2005 NIH Fellowship • 1994 PhD, Kyoto University, Japan Palo Alto, USA • 1985 MD, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Japan

(a) Local constraint disallows Clustering of P/Q-type Left column: top-view of a Immune cells (red) of the fruit two occupied sites next to voltage-dependent calcium microglia in a healthy, adult neu- fly Drosophila melanogaster each other, defining a kine- channels (red) in the pre- ronal environment (top); Bottom, before and after tissue matically constrained model. synaptic active zone (blue) activated microglia engulfing an entry. Images are tracings of (b) The Hilbert space and of parallel fiber-Purkinje cell apoptotic cell (magenta; primary data. Hamiltonian of a kinematically synapses in the rat cerebel- bottom). Middle column: Im- constrained model with lum munostaining of an activated six sites can be conveniently microglia (green) containing a represented as a graph. lysosomal marker (cyan) and engulfing apoptotic cells (magenta). Right column: Surface rendering of one of the engulfments. Scale bar: 20 μm

94 95 Michael Gašper Beatriz Uli Sixt Tkačik Vicoso Wagner Morphodynamics of Theoretical Biophysics Sex Chromosome Discrete and Computational Immune Cells and Neuroscience Biology and Evolution Geometry and Topology

Immune cells zip through our bodies at high speeds to fight off How do networks built out of biological components—neurons, Sex chromosomes, such as the X and Y of mammals, are involved How and when can a geometric shape be embedded in n-dimensio­ infections and diseases. The Sixt group works at the interface of cell signaling molecules, genes, or even cooperating organisms— in sex-determination in many animal and plant species. Their sex- nal space without self-intersections? What restrictions does this biology and immunology to investigate how cells are able to migrate process information? In contrast to engineered systems, biological specificity leads them to evolve differently from other chromosomes, place on the shape? These and other questions in combinatorial through tissues. networks operate under strong constraints due to noise, limited and acquire distinctive biological properties. The Vicoso group and computational geometry and topology are central to the Wagner energy, or specificity, yet nevertheless perform their functions investigates how sex chromosomes evolve over time and what group’s research program. Most cells in our bodies are stationary, forming solid tissues and reliably. The Tkačik group uses biophysics and information theory to biological forces are driving their patterns of differentiation. encapsulated organs. One exception are leukocytes, immune cells understand the principles and mechanisms behind this remarkable A simplicial complex is a description of how to represent a geo- essential for both the innate and adaptive immune responses to phenomenon. The Vicoso group is interested in understanding several aspects of metric shape by gluing together points, edges, triangles, and their infections. Leukocytes migrate with extraordinary speed and are the biology of sex chromosomes, and the evolutionary processes n-dimensional counterparts in a “nice” way. Simplicial complexes used by the Sixt group as a model to study cell migration. The group How can cells in a multicellular organism reproducibly decide what that shape their peculiar features. By combining the use of next- are a natural way to represent shapes for the purposes of computa- works at the interface of cell biology, immunology and biophysics, tissue they are going to become? How do neurons in the retina generation sequencing technologies with studies in several model tion and algorithm design, and the Wagner group explores both their and aims to identify basic mechanistic principles that are equally im- cooperate to best encode visual information into neural spikes? and non-model organisms, the researchers can address a variety topological properties, such as embeddability, as well as what can portant for developmental processes and cancer cells. One research How does the physics at the microscopic scale, which dictates how of standing questions, such as: Why do some Y chromosomes be proved about their combinatorics—e.g., bounds on the number focus is how the cell’s internal skeleton generates and transduces individual regulatory molecules interact with each other, constrain degenerate while others remain homomorphic, and how does this of simplices—given a particular geometric or topological constraint. the force to change shape, move the cell body and interact with the kinds of regulatory networks that are observed in real organisms relate to the extent of sexual dimorphism of the species? What More generally, the researchers take classical topological questions other cells. The group also investigates how cells navigate along today, and how can such networks evolve? These are some of the forces drive some species to acquire global dosage compensation and consider them from a combinatorial point of view, and con- guidance cues, specifically how they orient their polarity axis in questions addressed by the Tkačik group. About half of their time is of the X, while others only compensate specific genes? What are the versely, they use techniques and ideas from topology to approach response to chemotactic gradients. In their work, the members of dedicated to data-driven projects performed in close collaboration frequency and molecular dynamics of sex chromosome turnover? questions in combinatorics. They are moreover interested in the the Sixt group combine genetics, pharmacology, micro-engineering, with experimentalists, and half on purely theoretical projects. computational aspects of such problems, in particular questions of surface chemistry, advanced imaging approaches as well as in vivo Their goal is to develop theoretical ideas about biological network Current projects Sex chromosome turnover and conservation | Dosage decidability (does an algorithm exist?) and complexity (if so, what imaging techniques. function and connect them to high-precision data. compensation in female-heterogametic species | Gene expression evolution in are the costs in terms of time or space?). sexual and asexual speciess Team members 2019 Christelle Fraisse (FWF Lise Meitner postdoc, joint Current projects Environmental control of leukocyte migration | Cellular force Current projects Visual encoding in the retina | Genetic regulation during early with Barton group), William Gammerdinger (ISTplus postdoc), Ann Kathrin Current projects Embeddings of simplicial complexes | Topological Tverberg- generation and transduction | Interpretation of chemo-attractive gradients embryogenesis | Collective dynamics evolution of gene regulation Huylmans (FWF Lise Meitner postdoc), Réka Kelemen (PhD student), Ariana type problems and multiple self-intersections of maps | Discrete isoperimetric Team members 2019 Jonna Alanko (Stiftelsernas-funded postdoc), Frank Assen Team members 2019 Mantas Gabrielaitis (ISTplus postdoc), Aditya Gilra Macon (laboratory technician), Gemma Puixeu Sala (PhD student, joint with Barton inequalities and higher-dimensional expanders (postdoc), Nikola Canigova (PhD student), Alessandra Casano (EMBO-funded (postdoc), Rok Grah (ÖAW DOC-funded PhD student, joint with Guet group), group), Julia Raices (PhD student), Melissa Toups (postdoc) Team members 2019 Sharareh Alipour (postdoc), Alan Arroyo Guevara postdoc), Ingrid de Vries (senior laboratory technician), Anna Deart (scientific Michal Hłedik (PhD student, joint with Barton group), Jan Humplik (PhD student), (ISTplus postdoc), Serhii Avvakumov (PhD student), Soheil Azarpendar (ISTern), intern), Florian Gärtner (Marie Curie postdoctoral fellow), Tamara Girbl (postdoc), Bor Kavčič (PhD student), Moritz Lang (postdoc), Fabrizio Lombardi (postdoc), Career Selected distinctions Illia Babiienko (scientific intern), Marek Filakovský (postdoc), Radoslav Fulek (FWF Alba Juanes Garcia (postdoc), Aglaja Kopf (PhD student), Alexander Leithner Gabriel Mahuas (scientific intern), Wiktor Mlynarski (ISTplus postdoc), Mark Francis • since 2015 Assistant Professor, • 2017 Member, Young Academy Lise Meitner postdoc), Ugo Giocanti (scientific intern), Kristóf Huszár (PhD student), (postdoc), Maria Nemethova (senior laboratory technician), Patricia Rodrigues Rogers (scientific intern), Thomas Sokolowski (postdoc) IST Austria of the Austrian Academy Sergey Kudrya (ISTern), Corentin Lunel (academic visitor), Zuzana Masárová (PhD student), Julian Stopp (PhD student), Saren Tasciyan (PhD student), • 2009 – 2014 Postdoc, University of of Sciences (ÖAW) (PhD student), Pavel Paták (academic visitor), Zuzana Patáková (academic visitor), Kathrin Tomasek (PhD student, joint with Guet group) Career Selected distinctions California, Berkeley, USA • 2016 ERC Starting Grant Emo Welzl (visiting professor), Pascal Wild (PhD student), Stephan Zhechev • since 2017 Professor, IST Austria • 2018 HFSP Grant • 2010 PhD, University of Edinburgh, • 2016 FWF Standalone Grant (PhD student) Career Selected distinctions • 2011 – 2016 Assistant Professor, • 2012 HFSP Grant Scotland, UK • 2011 DeLill Nasser Travel Award, • since 2013 Professor, IST Austria • 2016 ERC Consolidator Grant IST Austria • 2003 Burroughs-Wellcome Genetics Society of America Career Selected distinctions • 2010 – 2013 Assistant Professor, • 2014 EMBO Member • 2008 – 2010 Postdoc, University of Fellowship, Princeton University • since 2018 Professor, IST Austria • 2018 Best Paper Award at the IST Austria • 2013 European Biophysical Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA • 2002 Golden Sign, University • 2013 – 2018 Assistant Professor, Symposium on Computational • 2008 – 2010 Endowed Professor, Societies Association (EBSA) Young • 2007 Postdoc, Princeton University, of Ljubljana IST Austria Geometry (SoCG) Peter Hans Hofschneider Foundation Investigator Medal USA • 2012 – 2013 SNSF Research • 2014 Best Paper Award at the for Experimental Biomedicine • 2013 Member, Young Academy • 2007 PhD, Princeton University, USA Assistant Professor, Institut de Symposium on Computational • 2005 – 2010 Group Leader, Max of the Austrian Academy Mathématiques de Géométrie et Geometry (SoCG) Planck Institute of Biochemistry, of Sciences (ÖAW) Applications, EPFL, Lausanne, • 2012 Research Assistant Martinsried, Germany • 2012 Ignaz L. Lieben Award Switzerland Professorship Grant of Swiss • 2003 – 2005 Postdoc, Institute for • 2011 ERC Starting Grant • 2008 – 2012 Senior Research National Science Foundation (SNSF) Experimental Pathology, Lund, • 2011 FWF START Award Associate, Institute of Theoretical • 2012 Best Paper Award at the Sweden • 2008 Endowed Professor, Peter Hans Computer Science, ETH Zurich, Symposium of Discrete Algorithms • 2003 MD, University of Erlangen, Hofschneider Foundation Switzerland (SODA) Germany • 2003 Novartis Dissertation Prize • 2006 – 2008 Postdoctoral • 2004 Richard Rado Prize • 2002 Approbation in human Researcher, Institute of medicine Theoretical Computer Science, The Vicoso group uses brine ETH Zurich, Switzerland shrimp of the genus Artemia • 2004 – 2006 Postdoc, Einstein Cells entering a lymph vessel Analyzing positional to investigate selection in Institute for Mathematics, The information during fruit fly males and females. development Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel • 2004 Postdoc, Univerzita Karlova, Prague, Czech Republic • 2003 Postdoc, Mathematical Sciences Research Institute, Berkeley, USA • 2004 PhD, ETH Zurich, Switzerland

96 97 Scott Chris Staff scientists Robert Waitukaitis Wojtan at IST Austria Hauschild Computer Graphics and Soft and Complex Materials Physics Simulation Bioimaging Facility

The Waitukaitis group is an experimental physics lab whose research Computer simulations of natural phenomena are indispensable for Robert Hauschild brings expertise in imaging, optical engineering, sits at the intersection of soft matter physics, materials science modern scientific discoveries, modern engineering and the digital automation, and image analysis to IST Austria. Affiliated to the Bio- and chemistry. Under this umbrella, the group addresses a variety arts. The Wojtan group uses techniques from physics, geometry, imaging Facility, he collaborates with scientists from different fields of distinct topics ranging from the nanoscale to the macroscale and computer science to create efficient simulations and detailed to develop innovative solutions for unique microscopy problems, and involving experimental techniques ranging from atomic force computer animations. including designing and building new equipment and software. microscopy to high-speed imaging. Natural phenomena like flowing fluids and shattering solids are Currently, a surge of new and diverse microscopy methodologies One focus at smaller scales is tribocharging—the exchange of both beautifully chaotic and overwhelmingly complex. This com- can be observed. State-of-the-art microscopy not only deals with electrical charge between materials during contact. Although known plexity makes them extremely difficult to compute without the aid the physics of imaging but incorporates automation, system control to occur since ancient Greece, the underlying mechanism remains of a supercomputer. The Wojtan group overcomes this complexity as well as an entire image analysis pipeline. Which methods provide poorly understood. Recent results suggest adsorbed water layers by combining laws of motion from physics, geometric theories from valuable read-outs and meet the demands set by the samples under could drive charging, donating hydroxide ions through minute liquid mathematics and algorithmic optimizations from computer science study is a difficult question to answer. Hauschildʼs main goal is to bridges. Using atomic force microscopy to characterize adsorbed to efficiently compute highly complicated natural phenomena on provide all research groups on campus with access to cutting-edge water and a variety of techniques to measure charge exchange, a consumer-grade computing hardware. Their research achieves microscopy techniques. This involves the evaluation of commercially major goal is to validate or nullify this hypothesis. Work at larger some of the world’s fastest and most detailed simulations through available equipment, custom modifications to hardware and scales will deal with the non-Newtonian dynamics that arise when a deeper understanding of the underlying mathematical models software, sample feedback and control in conjunction with the colloidal-sized solid particles are suspended in liquids. A well- and inventing novel computational techniques. implementation of complete user-friendly setups. An illustrative known example is a dense mixture of cornstarch particles in water, example for this is a UV ablation system that has been used by which behaves liquid-like when perturbed gently, but solid-like Current projects Efficient simulation of fluid and fracture dynamics | Numerical many researchers on campus (Heisenberg, Sixt, Siekhaus, Friml, when vigorously agitated. The group will use such systems to create and geometric algorithms for solving partial differential equations | Algorithms for Benkova, Schur, Guet, and Kicheva groups) and attracted several re-using simulation data | Computational physics applied to motion pictures, video “metafluids” whose flow response can be tailored with high preci- games, and virtual reality academic visitors. Originally devised to study stress in tissue, it has sion. Team members 2019 Ewa Gajda-Zagórska (postdoc), Radhika Prasad (ISTern), since found application in a diverse array of assays (wound healing, Camille Schreck (postdoc), Tomas Skrivan (PhD student), Georg Sperl (PhD cell migration, photo patterning, 3D structuring, and laser capture). student), Peter Synak (PhD student) Current projects Mesoscale charging statistics with acoustic levitation | The system has spawned more specialized successor setups and Macro-charging of oxide nanolayers on soft polymer substrates Career Selected distinctions led to two patent applications. Team members 2019 Galien Marie P. Grosjean (postdoc), Juan Carlos Sobarzo • since 2015 Professor, IST Austria • 2016 ACM SIGGRAPH Significant Ponce (PhD student), Sebastian Wald (PhD student) • 2011 – 2014 Assistant Professor, New Researcher Award IST Austria • 2015 Eurographics Young Researcher Current projects Image analysis and quantification of immune cell morphody- Career Selected distinctions • 2010 PhD, Georgia Institute of Award namics (Sixt group) | Automatic design and tuning of nanowire devices (Katsaros • since 2019 Assistant Professor, • 2018 NNV Fysica Young Speakers Technology, Atlanta, USA • 2015 Eurographics Günter Enderle group) | 3D structural analysis of peripheral lymph node conduits and associated IST Austria Award Best Paper Award cell populations (Sixt group) | Analysis of the spatial distribution and intensity • 2016 – 2018 NWO Veni Recipient • 2018 Block Prize for Outstanding • 2014 ERC Starting Grant of pSMAD2/3 signaling between blastoderm explants and embryos at different and Postdoc, AMOLF, Amsterdam, Young Researcher • 2013 Microsoft Visual Computing developmental stages (Heisenberg group) The Netherlands • 2016 Veni Research Grant from Award • 2013 – 2016 Postdoc, the Netherlands Organization • 2011 Georgia Institute of Technology Career Leiden University, The Netherlands for Scientific Research Sigma Chi Best PhD Thesis Award • since 2010 Staff scientist, IST Austria • 2007 – 2013 PhD, University of • 2014 Springer Thesis Award, • 2005 National Science Foundation • 2007 – 2010 System engineer for Chicago, USA Springer Publishing Graduate Research Fellowship laser scanning microscopes, Zeiss • 2012 Bruce Winstein Prize for MicroImaging, Jena, Germany Instrumentation • 2006 – 2007 Postdoc, Karlsruhe • 2010 – 2013 Robert A. Millikan Institute of Technology, Germany Fellowship • 2006 PhD, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany

Why do insulating materials The Wojtan group redefined Holographic mask, diffraction exchange electrical charge? the state of the art in real- pattern, and resulting light Answering this question time ocean simulation by sheet (top to bottom) would explain why two same- combining novel computer material dust grains attract algorithms with theories from each other. In protoplanetary fluid dynamics and applied disks, such charging and mathematics. resultant attraction may be a critical ingredient for rocky planet formation.

98 99 Walter Jack Ivan Christoph Kaufmann Merrin Prieto Sommer

Electron Microscopy Facility Nanofabrication Facility Nanofabrication Facility Bioimaging Facility

When scientists at IST Austria are interested in applying advanced Microfluidics involves the experimental manipulation of fluids and Ivan Prieto is an expert in nanofabrication, material science and Christoph Sommer is an expert in image analysis and has electron microscopy in their work, but are unsure how to go objects such as live cells on small length scales. Nanofabrication optoelectronics. His work as staff scientist at the Nanofabrication significant experience in creating software to automate image about it—for instance, what techniques to use or which analysis Facility staff scientist Jack Merrin develops novel and innovative Facility centers on the fabrication of nanoscale structures, analysis. His work focuses on the interface of computer science to employ—they talk to Walter Kaufmann, staff scientist with the systems to study diverse biophysical phenomena together with developing new fabrication routines and improving the existing ones, and biology, where he develops and establishes new technology Electron Microscopy (EM) Facility on campus. various groups at IST Austria. primarily with the Fink and Katsaros groups. for computer-aided image and video analyses in collaboration with various research groups. Kaufmann’s focus is on the ultrastructural analysis of biological Transparent microfluidic devices are ideal for single-cell analysis, With the Fink group, Prieto has focused on fabrication and tissues and cells and the high-resolution localization of transmem- cell culture and micro-environmental control—all while performing optimization of silicon photonic crystal cavities. Such low loss In collaboration with the Danzl and Friml groups, Sommer estab- brane proteins. He investigates their cell-type specific expression, microscopy. Hydraulic pressure and integrated valves allow the cavities are used to confine light of a certain frequency into a lished expansion microscopy for plants. He was able to show that subcellular localization and association with micro- and nano- precise spatiotemporal control of flow through devices. Rapidly volume that is only of the order of the wavelength cubed. Both super-resolution imaging of expanded plant tissue enables novel domains, applies state-of-the-art electron microscopy techniques shifting the chemical environment in seconds reveals that the rapid the waveguide coupling and the cavity quality factor (Q) are very biological assays far beyond the diffraction limit. Together with the and develops new sample preparation procedures. Key methodolo- growth rate response of plant roots to auxin hormone is faster than sensitive to fabrication imperfections such as uncontrolled shape Loose group, he established a novel method for quantifying filament gies performed are pre- and post-embedding immunogold EM, 3D transcription. Chemotaxis studies involving dendritic cells show how or sidewall roughness on the nanometer scale. In collaboration dynamics in in vitro experiments of treadmilling cytoskeletal pro- serial section TEM, electron tomography (3D STEM), high-pressure cells can respond either to immobilized or diffusible gradients. Using with the Katsaros group, Prieto has focused on improving the teins, which aids better understanding of protein (self-)organization freezing plus freeze-substitution, platinum-replica EM, and freeze- geometries such as mazes, constrictions and serrated channels, the fabrication of devices out of Ge hole gases with the aim to create on a molecular level. Together with the Novarino group, Sommer fracture replica labeling. Main current collaborations are within the Sixt group found that dendritic cells move through the path of least quantum dot devices as well as Josephson field effect transistors. characterized increased actin filament disorganization in mutant fields of structural and molecular neurosciences (Shigemoto, Jonas, resistance to protect the nucleus and can also move by pushing off He has also performed simulations in order to determine the strain neural progenitor cells, proving consistency with complementary Siegert, and Danzl groups), immune cell morphodynamics (Sixt irregular geometries in the absence of cell adhesion. status of semiconductor devices. results from proteome analysis. Ant tracking and identification of group), cell biology of plants (Friml group) and morphogenesis in individual ants over the course of a multi-day experiment enables development (Heisenberg group). Current projects Immobilization arrays, imaging, sorting, and stimulation of Current projects Silicon photonic electro-optomechanical transducers the study of many aspects of social immunology in ant colonies. C. elegans (de Bono group) | Fluid handling for high resolution microscopy (Danzl (Fink group) | Suspended high impedance circuits (Fink group) | Hole spin qubits With the Cremer group, Sommer is working on extending earlier group) | Spatiotemporal control of A. thaliana root growth (Friml group) | Single-cell in Ge quantum wells (Katsaros group) Current projects Ultrastructural analysis of Cav2.1 voltage-gated calcium lineage microfluidics of E. coli and image analysis (Guet group) | Measurement of results for ant identification based on custom color tags and deep channels in relation to vesicle fusion sites at fast and slow neuron synapses mutation rates and chaotic behavior in bouncing silicone oil droplets (Hof group) | Career learning. (Shigemoto and Jonas groups) | High-resolution localization of TPLATE and role Optically transparent microwells for cell-cell contact developmental studies • since 2018 Staff scientist, IST Austria of actin in clathrin-mediated endocytosis (Friml group) | 3D structural analysis of (Heisenberg group) | Micropatterned chrome grids on glass for in vitro membrane • 2017 – 2018 Process Development peripheral lymph node conduits and associated cell populations (Sixt group) | biochemistry (Loose group) | Spatiotemporal control of chemotactic gradients for Manager, G-ray Medical Sarl, Current projects Expansion microscopy in plants (Friml and Danzl groups) | Electron tomography of cadherin-mediated progenitor cell-cell junctions neutrophils and dendritic cells, cancer cell migration in post arrays, migration and Switzerland Microglia profiling (Novarino group) | Transcriptomics image analysis (Danzl group) | (Heisenberg group) | Effects of KXA administration on microglia and the chemotaxis through obstacles and mazes (Sixt group) • 2014 – 2017 Postdoc, ETH Zurich & Treadmilling filaments (Loose group) | Ant identification (Cremer group) | perineuronal net (Siegert group) Empa, Switzerland Cell blebbing analysis (Heisenberg group) Career • 2014 PhD, Instituto de Career • since 2013 Staff scientist, IST Austria Microelectrónica, Madrid, Spain Career • since 2013 Staff scientist, IST Austria • 2012 Postdoc, Memorial Sloan • since 2017 Staff scientist, IST Austria • 2013 Habilitation in Neurosciences, Kettering Cancer Center, New York, • 2013 – 2017 Staff scientist, Institute Innsbruck Medical University, Austria USA of Molecular Biology Austria (IMBA), • 2004 – 2013 Research Scientist, • 2009 – 2011 Postdoc, Rockefeller Vienna, Austria Innsbruck Medical University, Austria University, New York, USA • 2011 – 2013 Postdoc, ETH Zurich, • 2002 – 2004 Postdoc, Centre for • 2007 – 2009 Postdoc, Joseph Fourier Switzerland Molecular Biology and Neuroscience, University, Grenoble, France • 2010 – 2011 Postdoc, Heidelberg Oslo, Norway • 2006 PhD, Princeton University, Collaboratory for Image Processing • 1997 – 2002 Postdoc, Innsbruck New Jersey, USA (HCI), Germany Medical University, Austria • 2010 PhD, University of Heidelberg, • 1997 PhD, Leopold-Franzens Germany University Innsbruck, Austria

Electron tomogram of a Dendritic cells adapt their Double quantum dot device Actin filaments of a lamelli- mouse peripheral lymph shape to an irregular shaped fabricated from a SiGe/Ge/ podium, color-coded by their node conduit, macerated microchannel and can push SiGe heterostructure orientation angle (scale bar: and segmented for collagen off the walls to move forward. 5 µm; in collaboration with fibrils (in collaboration with Danzl and Novarino groups) Sixt group). Inset: original STEM-BF image using the JEM 2800 STEM, 0° single plane

100 101 Interns at IST Austria PhD students at IST Austria 2019 PhD graduates (throughout 2019; percentages are rounded) (as of December 31, 2019; percentages are rounded)

ISTerns (summer interns) Scientific interns at IST Austria

Total number of ISTerns: 44 Total number of scientific interns: 64 Total number of PhD students: 223 This year, 18 students completed their PhDs, bringing the total number of graduates to 81. The 2019 graduates—with their group affiliations and dissertation titles—are listed below.

Gender among ISTerns Gender among scientific interns Gender among PhD students Frank Assen, Sixt group: “Lymph node mechanics: Deciphering the interplay between stroma contractility,

morphology and lymphocyte trafficking”

Barbara Casillas Perez, Cremer group: “Collective defenses

of garden ants against a fungal pathogen” Sarah Cepeda Humerez, Tkačik group: “Estimating information 47.7% 52.3% 43.8% 56.2% 42.2% 57.8% flow in single cells” Claudia Espinoza Martinez, Jonas group: “Parvalbumin+ interneurons enable efficient pattern separation in hippocampal microcircuits” Country of nationality Country of nationality Country of nationality Mirco Giacobbe, Henzinger group: “Automatic time-unbounded reachability analysis of hybrid systems” Russia 18.2% Iran 15.6% Austria 21.1% Claudia Igler, Guet group: “On the nature of gene regulatory Iran 13.6% Austria 14.0% Germany 7.2% design—the biophysics of transcription factor binding shapes India 9.1% India 12.5% India 7.2% gene regulation” Spain 9.1% Germany 7.8% Italy 6.7% Karola Käfer, Csicsvari group: “The hippocampus and China 4.5% Russia 6.3% Slovakia 5.8% medial prefrontal cortex during flexible behavior” Other (20*) 45.5% Spain 6.3% Other (45*) 52.0% Damaris Ketino Rangel Guerrero, Csicsvari group: “The role of Other (15*) 37.5% CCK-interneurons in regulating hippocampal network dynamics” Aglaja Kopf, Sixt group: “The implication of cytoskeletal dynamics on leukocyte migration”

Country of previous (BS or MA) institution Martin Lukačišin, Bollenbach group: “Quantitative investigation of Country of current institution Country of current institution gene expression principles through combinatorial drug perturbation Austria 22.0% and theory” UK 20.5% Austria 21.8% UK 9.9% Marta Lukačišinová, Bollenbach group: “Genetic determinants Russia 18.2% Iran 12.5% Germany 8.5% of antibiotic resistance evolution” Iran 13.6% Germany 9.3 % India 5.8% Madhumitha Narasimhan, Friml group: “Clathrin-mediated India 9.1% India 7.8% Czech Republic 5.8% endocytosis, post endocytic trafficking and their regulatory controls Austria 6.8% Russia 6.3% Other (37*) 48.0% in plants” Spain 6.8% UK 6.3% Chaitanya Paranjape, Hof group: “Onset of turbulence in plane USA 6.8% France 6.3% Poiseuille flow” Other (8*) 18.2% Other (15*) 29.7% Roshan Prizak, Tkačik group: “Coevolution of transcription Field of research at IST Austria factors and their binding sites in sequence space”

Dominik Schröder, Erdős group: “From Dyson to Pearcey:

Biology 30.5% Universal statistics in random matrix theory” Field of research at IST Austria Field of research at IST Austria Physics 12.6% Katarina Valoskova, Siekhaus group: “The role of a highly Neuroscience 11.2% conserved major facilitator superfamily member in Drosophila Physics 25.1% Biology 32.8% Computer science 10.3% embryonic macrophage” Biology 22.7% Computer science 28.1% Mathematics 7.2% Mina Vasileva, Friml group: “Molecular mechanisms of Computer science 22.7% Physics 18.8% Chemistry 0.4% endomembrane trafficking in Arabidopsis thaliana” Mathematics 13.6% Neuroscience 12.5% Unaffiliated** 27.8% Stephan Zhechev, Wagner group: “Algorithmic aspects of Neuroscience 13.6% Mathematics 4.7% homotopy theory and embeddability” Chemistry 2.3% Chemistry 3.1%

* Number of countries * Number of countries ** In fall 2019, a cohort of 61 PhD students joined IST Austria, who, after one year, need to pass a qualifying exam to be affiliated with at least one research group/field of research. 102 103 Postdocs at IST Austria IST Austria alumni network Scientific Service Units Administration at IST Austria (as of December 31, 2019; percentages are rounded) (as of December 31, 2019; data are self-reported by at IST Austria members of the IST Austria alumni network, actual counts may be higher; percentages are rounded)

Total number of postdocs: 179 Scientific Service Units (SSUs) currently operational at IST Austria: Administration at IST Austria comprises the following areas:

• Bioimaging Facility • Academic Affairs • Electron Microscopy Facility • Campus IT Services • Nanofabrication Facility • Campus Services Gender among postdocs Total number of alumni: 326 • Library • Communications & Events • Life Science Facility • Construction & Maintenance

PhD graduates 81 • Miba Machine Shop • Environment, Health & Safety Postdocs (at least one year spent at IST Austria) 245 • Preclinical Facility • Executive Affairs

• Scientific Computing • Finance

• Graduate School Office 34.1% 65.9% • Grant Office • Human Resources

• Office of the President • Technology Transfer Office Country of nationality Country of nationality

Germany 12.3% Germany 13.5% Italy 10.0% Austria 9.8% China 6.7% China 6.8% Russia 5.6% Czech Republic 5.5% Austria 5.6% France 4.9% Technical support at IST Austria Administrative staff at IST Austria Other (40*) 59.8% Other (46*) 59.5% (Scientific Service Units and laboratory technicians; (as of December 31, 2019; percentages are rounded) as of December 31, 2019; percentages are rounded)

Country of PhD institution Current country of employment Total number of technical support staff: 120 Total number of administrative staff: 166

Germany 17.3% Austria 19.9% Austria 15.1% Germany 12.6% USA 8.9% USA 9.5% Gender among technical support staff Gender among administrative staff UK 7.3% UK 7.7% Switzerland 5.0% Switzerland 5.5%

Other (27*) 46.4% Other (27*) 44.8%

54.2% 45.8% 58.4% 41.6%

Field of research at IST Austria Alumni by employment sector

Biology 31.9% Academia 65.0% Country of nationality Country of nationality Physics 21.8% Business and industry 20.9% Neuroscience 20.1% Public service 2.1% Austria 42.5% Austria 71.7% Mathematics 15.6% NGO/Non-profit 0.3% Germany 8.3% Germany 3.6% Computer science 8.9% Unknown 11.7% Hungary 5.8% Romania 3.0% Chemistry 1.7% Italy 4.2% Ireland 1.8% Poland 3.3% Poland 1.8% Russia 3.3% UK 1.8% Other (24*) 32.5% Other (23*) 16.3%

* Number of countries * Number of countries/Unknown * Number of countries

104 105 Maksym Serbyn and his research group address open questions of quantum systems that escape thermal equilibrium. Grants 2019 (active or received in 2019; funding amounts are rounded)

Alistarh group Chatterjee group • The Wittgenstein Prize – Herbert • Cell surface receptor complexes for Henzinger group • Circuits of visual attention, H2020 • Reconstitution of cell polarity and Schur group • Coordination in constrained and • Formal methods for stochastic Edelsbrunner, FWF Wittgenstein, auxin signaling in plants, EMBO LTF, • Formal methods meets algorithmic ERC StG, €1’447’000, 12/17-11/22 axis determination in a cell-free • NÖ-Fonds Preis für die Jungforscherin natural distributed systems, H2020 models: algorithms and applications, €1’400’000, 7/19-6/24 €75’000, 6/17-5/19 game theory, FWF Meitner, €153’000, system, HFSP Young investigators’ des Jahres am IST Austria – Bettina MSCA IF, €174’000, 6/19-5/21 H2020 ERC CoG, €1’998’000, • Alpha shape theory extended, H2020 • Körber European Science Prize, 2/18-1/20 Katsaros group grant, €300’000, 10/16-9/20 Zens, NÖEF, €30’000, 1/19-12/19 • Elastic coordination for scalable 10/20-09/25 ERC AdG, €1’678’000, 7/18-6/23 Körber Foundation, €41’000, • Modern concurrency paradigms, • Topologically protected and scalable • Reconstitution of bacterial cell • Structural conservation and diversity machine learning, H2020 ERC StG, • Quantitative analysis of probabilistic • Topological data analysis for a faster 4/15-3/20 FWF NFN, €490’000, 3/15-8/19 quantum bits, H2020 Cooperation wall synthesis, HFSP LTF, €157’000, in retroviral capsid, FWF Stand-alone, €1’494’000, 3/19-2/24 systems with a focus on crypto- discovery of new materials, Royal • The Wittgenstein Prize – Thomas FET-Open, €504’000, 12/19-11/22 6/16-5/19 €381’000, 10/18-9/21 • Algorithms for a computational currencies, ÖAW DOC, €96’000, Society International Exchanges Guet group A. Henzinger, FWF Wittgenstein, • Towards scalable hut wire quantum • Self-organization of the bacterial cell, • Protein structure and function in revolution, SNF Ambizione, €67’000, 6/19-2/22 Scheme, €11’000, 12/17-12/19 • CyberCircuits: Cybergenetic circuits €1’500’000, 1/14-12/20 devices, FWF Stand-alone, €407’000, H2020 ERC StG, €1’497’000, filopodia across scales, FWF Meitner, 10/18-8/19 • Quantitative game-theoretic analysis • Toward computational information to test composability of gene • Automated tutoring system for 10/19-9/23 4/16-3/21 €169’000, 7/18-6/20 of blockchain applications and smart topology, ONR Grant Award, networks, FWF International program, automata theory, Microsoft Research • Majorana bound states in Ge/SiGe Barton group contracts, IBM PhD Fellowship €326’000, 11/17-4/19 €262’000, 4/19-3/22 Studio Award, €7’000, 1/11-12/21 heterostructures, H2020 MSCA IF, Maas group Seiringer group • The maintenance of alternative Award, €16’000, 9/18-5/19 • Persistence and stability of geometric • Bacterial toxin-antitoxin systems as €174’000, 4/19-3/21 • Singular stochastic PDEs, • Analysis of quantum many-body adaptive peaks in snapdragons, FWF • Efficient algorithms for computer complexes, FWF International antiphage defense mechanisms, FWF Hippenmeyer group • Materials characterization of hybrid FWF Meitner, €169’000, 10/18-2/20 systems, H2020 ERC AdG, Stand-alone, €404’000, 03/20-02/23 aided verification, WWTF program, €154’000, 9/16-8/20 Richter, €230’000, 2/19-7/21 • Molecular mechanisms of neural semi-super Majorana nanowires, • Dissipation and dispersion in €1’498’000, 10/16-9/21 • Theoretical and empirical approaches Cooperation project, €82’000, • Biophysically realistic genotype- stem cell lineage progression, Microsoft Project, €208’000, nonlinear partial differential to understanding parallel adaptation, 3/16-6/21 Erdös group phenotype maps for regulatory FWF SFB, €373’000, 03/20-02/24 7/18-6/19 equations, FWF DK, €161’000, Serbyn group H2020 MSCA IF, €166’000, • Game theory, FWF NFN, €330’000, • Geometric study of Wasserstein networks, ÖAW DOC, €77’000, • Role of Eed in neural stem cell • Hole spin orbit qubits in Ge quantum 3/17-2/21 • Non-ergodic quantum matter: 9/18-11/20 3/15-8/19 spaces and free probability, H2020 9/18-8/20 lineage progression, FWF Firnberg, wells, FWF Stand-alone, €400’000, • Taming complexity in partial universality, dynamics and control, • Sex chromosomes and species • Microsoft Research Faculty MSCA IF, €186’000, 10/19-9/21 • UPEC-DC interaction, FFG FEMtech, €234’000, 12/18-11/21 2/18-1/22 differential systems, FWF SFB, H2020 ERC StG, €1’498’000, barriers, FWF Meitner, €169’000, Fellowship, Microsoft Research • Structured non-hermitian random €8’000, 9/18-2/19 • Molecular mechanisms regulating • Hybrid semiconductor-super-­ €328’000, 3/17-2/21 2/20-1/25 6/18-5/20 Studio Award, €143’000, 4/11-3/21 matrices, FWF Meitner, • Light-regulated ligand traps for gliogenesis in the cerebral cortex, conductor quantum devices, NOMIS • Optimal transport and stochastic • Rate of adaptation in changing €161’000, 1/17-1/20 spatio-temporal inhibition of cell FWF Meitner, €166’000, 3/18-2/20 Research Grants, €700’000, dynamics, H2020 ERC StG, Shigemoto group environment, H2020 MSCA IF, Cremer group • Random matrices, universality and signaling, ÖAW DOC, €116’000, • Principles of neural stem cell lineage 9/17-8/21 €1’075’000, 2/17-1/22 • LGI1 antibody-induced patho- €166’000, 1/17-6/20 • Epidemics in ant societies on a chip, disordered quantum systems, 8/17-7/20 progression in cerebral cortex • Loch Spin-Qubits und Majorana- physiology in synapses, H2020 ERC CoG, €1’992’000, FP7 ERC AdG, €1’755’000, 3/14-8/19 development, H2020 ERC CoG, Fermionen in Germanium, FWF Mondelli group FWF International program, Benková group 4/18-3/23 Hannezo group €1’996’000, 12/17-11/22 START, €200’000, 7/16-10/20 • Prix Lopez-Loreta 2019 – Marco €256’000, 1/20-12/22 • Plant tropisms, FFG FEMtech, Fink group • Design principles of branching • Molecular mechanisms of radial Mondelli, Fondation Lopez Loreta, • Recombinant immunolabels for €8’000, 01/20-07/20 Csicsvari group • Quantum readout techniques and morphogenesis, H2020 ERC StG, neuronal migration, ÖAW DOC, Kicheva group €1’000’000, 9/20-8/25 nanoprecise brain mapping across • Hormonal regulation of plant adaptive • The brainstem-hippocampus network technologies, H2020 Cooperation €1’453’000, 7/20-6/25 €116’000, 8/17-7/20 • Morphogen control of growth and scales, NIH U24, €235’000, 9/18-6/24 responses to environmental signals, uncovered: dynamics, reactivation FET-Open, €388’000, 11/19-10/22 • EMBO Young Investigator, EMBO, pattern in the spinal cord, FWF SFB, Novarino group • Plasticity in the cerebellum: Which ÖAW DOC, €116’000, 9/18-8/21 and memory consolidation, H2020 • Controllable collective states of €15’000, 1/20-12/23 Hof group €375’000, 03/20-02/24 • Neural stem cells in autism and molecular mechanisms are behind • Molecular mechanisms of the MSCA IF, €174’000, 8/19-7/21 superconducting qubit ensembles, • Active mechano-chemical description • Instabilities in pulsating pipe flow of • The role of morphogens in the epilepsy, FWF SFB, €375’000, physiological learning?, ÖAW DOC cytokinin regulated endomem- • Interneuro plasticity during spatial ÖAW DOC, €77’000, 10/19-9/21 of the cell cytoskeleton, FWF Newtonian and complex fluids, regulation of neural tube growth, 03/20-02/24 €116’000, 9/18-8/21 brane trafficking to coordinate plant learning, FWF International program, • Integrating superconducting Stand-alone, €339’000, 10/18-9/21 FWF International Programme, ÖAW DOC, €116’000, 10/18-11/21 • Identification of converging molecular • Human Brain Project Specific Grant organogenesis, ÖAW DOC, €116’000, €299’000, 2/18-1/21 quantum circuits, FWF SFB, €357’000, 1/20–12/22 • Kinetics of DNA repair in neural pathways across chromatinopathies Agreement 2 (HBP SGA 2), H2020 8/17-7/20 €429’000, 3/19-2/23 Hausel group • Revisiting the turbulence problem differentiation of embryonic stem as targets for therapy, FWF Cooperation FET-Flagships, Danzl group • Coherent on-chip conversion of • Algebro-geometric applications of using statistical mechanics: cells, OeAD WTZ, €7’000, 7/17-6/19 International program, €357’000, €223’000, 4/18-3/20 Bernecky group • High content imaging to decode superconducting qubit signals from factorization homology, FWF Meitner, Experimental studies on transitional • Coordination of patterning and 4/19-3/22 • Ultrastructural analysis of phospho- • Roles of A-to-I editing in dsRNA human immune cell interactions in microwaves to optical frequencies, €159’000, 9/19-8/21 and turbulent flows, Simons growth in the spinal cord, H2020 ERC • Probing the reversibility of autism inositides in nerve terminals: distribu- recognition, FWF SFB, €244’000, health and allergic disease, NFB Life ÖAW DOC, €96’000, 7/18-12/20 Foundation MPS Targeted Grants, StG, €1’499’000, 7/16-6/21 spectrum disorders by employing in tion, dynamics and physiological 3/20-2/24 Science, €279’000, 12/19-11/22 • A fiber optic transceiver for Heisenberg group €872’000, 9/19-8/23 vivo and in vitro models, H2020 ERC roles in synaptic transmission, H2020 • UltraX – achieving sub-nanometer superconducting qubits, H2020 ERC • Mesendoderm specification in Kolmogorov group StG, €1’498’000, 10/17-9/22 MSCA IF, €178’000, 4/18-3/20 Bickel group resolution in light microscopy using StG, €1’500’000, 2/18-1/23 zebrafish: The role of extraembryonic Jonas group • Discrete optimization in computer • Improving brain distribution of drugs • In situ analysis of single channel • Automatized design of injection iterative X10 microscopy in • Hybrid semiconductor-super- tissues, ÖAW DOC, €77’000, • Development of nanodomain vision: theory and practice, FP7 ERC targeted to the brain, NFB Life subunit composition in neurons: molds, H2020 ERC PoC, €150’000, combination with nanobodies and conductor quantum devices, 6/19-5/21 coupling between Ca2+ channels CoG, €1’642’000, 6/14-5/20 Science, €23’000, 12/16-11/19 physiological implication in synaptic 6/19-11/20 STED, EMBO LTF, €81’000, 8/19-8/21 NOMIS Research Grants, €700’000, • Mechanosensation in cell migration: and release sensors at a central • Probing development and reversibility plasticity and behavior, H2020 ERC • MATERIALIZABLE: Intelligent • Molecular drug targets, FWF DK, 9/17-8/21 The role of friction forces in cell inhibitory synapse, ÖAW DOC, Kondrashov group of autism spectrum disorders, AdG, €2’481’000, 7/16-6/21 fabrication-oriented computational €193’000, 3/19-2/23 • Hybrid optomechanical technologies, polarization and directed migration, €77’000, 10/19-9/21 • Characterizing the fitness landscape Simons Foundation Pilot, €267’000, design and modeling, H2020 ERC • High-speed 3D-nanoscopy to study H2020 Cooperation FET-Proactive, EMBO LTF, €79’000, 2/19-1/21 • Intracellular hippocampal attractor on population and global scales, 9/16-8/19 Siegert group StG, €1’498’000, 2/17-1/22 the role of adhesion during 3D €548’000, 1/17-12/20 • Tissue material properties in dynamics, FWF Firnberg, €239’000, H2020 ERC CoG, €1’998’000, • Molecular drug targets, FWF DK, • Modulating microglia through G • Soft-bodied intelligence for cell migration, HFSP LTF, €144’000, embryonic development, 9/19-8/22 1/19-12/23 €223’000, 3/15-2/23 protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) manipulation, H2020 Cooperation 7/18-6/21 Friml group FWF Richter, €184’000, 2/19-1/21 • Structural plasticity at mossy signaling, ÖAW DOC, €116’000, ICT, €261’000, 5/15-4/19 • Optical control of synaptic function • A case study of plant growth • Coordination of mesendoderm fate fiber-CA3 synapses, FWF Richter, Lemeshko group Pietrzak group 9/18-8/21 via adhesion molecules, regulation: Molecular mechanism specification and internalization €113’000, 1/19-3/20 • A path-integral approach to • Teaching old crypto new tricks, • Microglia action towards neuronal Browning group FWF International program, of auxin-mediated rapid growth during zebrafish gastrulation, • The Wittgenstein Prize – Peter Jonas, composite impurities, FWF Meitner, H2020 ERC CoG, €1’882’000, circuit formation and function in • Local-global principles and €287’000, 3/18-2/21 inhibition in Arabidopsis root, HFSP LTF, €144’000, 9/18-8/21 FWF Wittgenstein, €1’500’000, €169’000, 2/19-1/21 4/16-3/21 health and disease, H2020 ERC StG, zero-cycles, H2020 MSCA IF, ÖAW DOC, €77’000, 10/19-9/21 • Control of embryonic cleavage 10/17-9/22 • Angulon: physics and applications of €1’500’000, 5/17-4/22 €174’000, 10/19-9/21 de Bono group • Cell surface receptor complexes pattern, FWF International program, • Biophysics and circuit function of a new quasiparticle, H2020 ERC StG, Sazanov group • New frontiers of the Manin • Control of gene expression at the for PIN polarity and auxin-mediated €229’000, 5/18-4/21 a giant cortical glumatergic synapse, €1’500’000, 2/19-1/24 • Structural characterization of E. coli Siekhaus group conjecture, FWF Stand-alone, endoplasmic reticulum, EMBO LTF, development, ÖAW DOC, €116’000, • Nano-analytics of cellular systems, H2020 ERC, AdG, €2’678’000, • Quantum rotations in the presence complex I: an important mechanistic • Modeling epithelial tissue mechanics €362’000, 10/19-9/22 €83’000, 10/19-9/21 3/19-2/22 FWF DK, €197’000, 3/18-2/22 3/17-2/22 of a many-body environment, model, ÖAW DOC, €77’000, during cell invasion, FWF Meitner, • EPSRC ad personam fellowship – • Molecular mechanisms of neural • Molecular mechanisms of endocytic • Interaction and feedback between • Zellkommunikation in Gesundheit FWF Stand-alone, €318’000, 12/19-11/21 €153’000, 1/18-12/19 Nicholas Rome, EPSRC PG circuit function, Wellcome Trust cargo recognition in plants, cell mechanics and fate specification und Krankheit, FWF DK, €143’000, 2/17-1/20 • Revealing the functional mechanism • Investigating the role of the novel scholarship, €11’000, 8/19-3/20 Investigator Award, €1’223’000, FWF International program, in vertebrate gastrulation, H2020 1/16-6/20 of Mrp antiporter, an ancestor of major superfamily facilitator • EPSRC ad personam fellowship – 10/19-3/23 €339’000, 2/18-1/22 ERC AdG, €2’307’000, 7/17-6/22 Loose group complex I, ÖAW DOC, €116’000, transporter family member MFSD1 Adelina Mânzățeanu, EPSRC PG • Tracing evolution of auxin transport • Control of epithelial cell layer Jösch group • EMBO Young Investigator, EMBO, 8/17-7/20 in metastasis, NFB Life Science, scholarship, €8’000, 10/18-3/19 Edelsbrunner group and polarity in plants, H2020 ERC spreading in zebrafish, • Evolution of sensorimotor €15’000, 1/20-12/23 • Deciphering the proton-translocation €251’000, 8/17-7/20 • Between rational and integral points, • Algebraic footprints of geometric AdG, €2’410’000, 1/18-12/22 FWF International program, transformation across diptera, DFG • Reconstitution of bacterial cell mechanism of complex I, • Tissue barrier penetration is crucial EPSRC Research Grant, €114’000, features in homology, • RNA-directed DNA methylation €350’000, 2/17-1/20 SPP, €187'000, runtime: 36 months division using purified components, FWF Meitner, €162’000, 6/17-1/19 for immunity and metastasis, 9/18-11/20 FWF International program, in plant development, FWF • Neuronal networks of salience and BIF PhD fellowship, €46’000, ÖAW DOC, €116’000, 8/17-7/20 €234’000, 10/19-9/22 Stand-alone, €352’000, 7/17-6/21 spatial detection in the murine 9/17-8/19 • Drosophila TNFa´s Funktion in superior colliculus, HFSP LTF, Immunzellen, FWF Stand-alone, €144’000, 9/18-8/21 €346’000, 11/16-10/19

108 109 Publications 2019 (joint publications involving several groups are listed multiple times)

Sixt group Abbreviations Alistarh Group • Nowak T, Rybicki J. 2019. Byzantine • Faria R, Johannesson K, Butlin RK, • Trubenova B, Krejca M, Lehre PK, • Decoding GPCR signaling to BIF … Boehringer Ingelheim Fonds • Aganezov S, Zban I, Aksenov V, approximate agreement on graphs. Westram AM. 2019. Evolving Kötzing T. 2019. Surfing on the understand chemotaxis, DFG ... Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft / German Research Foundation Alexeev N, Schatz MC. 2019. 33rd International Symposium on inversions. Trends in Ecology and seascape: Adaptation in a chang- FWF Firnberg, €239’000, 9/19-8/22 SPP ... Schwerpunktprogramm / Priority Program Recovering rearranged cancer Distributed Computing. DISC: Inter- Evolution. 34(3), 239–248. ing environment. Evolution. 73(7), • Nano-analytics of cellular systems, EMBO … European Molecular Biology Organization chromosomes from karyotype national Symposium on Distributed • Field D, Fraisse C. 2019. Breaking 1356–1374. FWF DK, €197’000, 3/18-2/22 LTF … Long-Term Fellowship graphs. BMC Bioinformatics. 20, 641. Computing. Leibniz International down barriers in morning glories. • Spatiotemporal regulation of EPSRC … Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, UK • Alistarh D-A, Aspnes J, Ellen F, Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs). Molecular Ecology. 28(7), 1579–1581. Benková group chemokine-induced signaling in FFG … Österreichische Forschungsförderungsgesellschaft / Austrian Research Promotion Agency Gelashvili R, Zhu L. 2019. Why 146, article no. 29. • Fraisse C, Puixeu Sala G, Vicoso • Artner C, Benková E. 2019. Ethylene leukocyte chemotaxis, Finnish Found FP7 … Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development 2007-2013, European Union extension-based proofs fail. • Ovaskainen O, Rybicki J, Abrego B. 2019. Pleiotropy modulates the and cytokinin – partners in root PD Pool postdoctoral fellowship, FWF … Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung / Austrian Science Fund Proceedings of the 51st Annual ACM N. 2019. What can observational efficacy of selection in Drosophila growth regulation. Molecular Plant. €102’000, 7/17-7/19 DK … Doktoratskolleg / Doctoral Programme SIGACT Symposium on Theory of data reveal about metacommu- melanogaster. Molecular Biology and 12(10), 1312–1314. • Quantitative understanding of NFN … Nationales Forschungsnetzwerk / National Research Network Computing – STOC 2019. 986–996. nity processes? Ecography. 42(11), Evolution. 36(3), 500–515. • Marhavá P, Hörmayer L, Yoshida S, a cellautonomous component in SFB … Spezialforschungsbereiche / Special Research Programmes • Alistarh D-A, Fedorov A, Koval N, 1877–1886. • Fraisse C, Welch JJ. 2019. The Marhavy P, Benková E, Friml J. 2019. chemotaxis, EMBO LTF, €76’000, H2020 … Horizon 2020, European Union* 2019. In search of the fastest • Renggli C, Ashkboos S, distribution of epistasis on simple Re-activation of stem cell pathways 7/17-6/19 FET … Future and Emerging Technologies concurrent union-find algorithm. Aghagolzadeh M, Alistarh D-A, fitness landscapes. Biology Letters. for pattern restoration in plant wound • Cellular navigation along spatial ERC … European Research Council, European Union 23rd International Conference on Hoefler T. 2019. SparCML: High- 15(4), 0881. healing. Cell. 177(4), 957–969.e13. gradients, H2020 ERC CoG, AdG … Advanced Grant Principles of Distributed Systems performance sparse communication • Giese B, Friess JL, Schetelig MF, • Yoshida S, Van Der Schuren A, Van €1’985’000, 4/17-3/22 CoG … Consolidator Grant (OPODIS 2019). Article no. 15. for machine learning. International Barton NH, Messer P, Debarre F, Dop M, Van Galen L, Saiga S, Adibi • Mechanical adaptation of PoC … Proof of Concept • Alistarh D-A, Nadiradze G, Koval Conference for High Performance Meimberg H, Windbichler N, Boete M, Möller B, Ten Hove CA, Marhavy lamellipodial actin, FWF Stand-alone, StG … Starting Grant N. 2019. Efficiency guarantees for Computing, Networking, Storage and C. 2019. Gene Drives: Dynamics and P, Smith R, Friml J, Weijers D. 2019. €387’000, 3/17-2/20 ICT … Information and Communication Technologies parallel incremental algorithms under Analysis, SC. 11, 1–15. regulatory matters – A report from the A SOSEKI-based coordinate system • Mechanical adaptation of MSCA IF … Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship relaxed schedulers. 31st ACM • Wendler C, Püschel M, Alistarh D. workshop “Evaluation of spatial and interprets global polarity cues in lamellipodial actin networks in HFSP … Human Frontier Science Program Symposium on Parallelism in 2019. Powerset convolutional temporal control of Gene Drives”, Arabidopsis. Nature Plants. 5(2), migrating cells, H2020 MSCA IF, LTF … Long-Term Fellowship Algorithms and Architectures (SPAA). neural networks. Advances in Neural 4 – 5 April 2019, Vienna. BioEssays. 160–166. €178’000, 3/17-2/19 MPS … Mathematical and Physical Sciences 145–154. Information Processing Systems 32 41(11), 1900151. • Zhu Q, Gallemi M, Pospíšil J, NFB … NÖ Forschung & Bildung / Lower Austrian Research and Education, Austria • Bhatia S, Chatterjee B, Nathani D, (NIPS 2019). 927–938. • Johannesson K, Zagrodzka Z, Faria Žádníková P, Strnad M, Benková E. Tkačik group NIH … National Institutes of Health, USA Kaul M. 2019. A persistent homology • Yu C, Tang H, Renggli C, Kassing S, R, Westram AM, Butlin RK. 2019. 2019. Root gravity response module • Can evolution minimize spurious NÖEF … Niederösterreich Fonds perspective to the link prediction Singla A, Alistarh D-A, Zhang C, Is embryo abortion a post-zygotic guides differential growth determining signaling crosstalk to reach optimal NWO … Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek / Dutch Research Council problem. Complex networks and their Liu J. 2019. Distributed learning barrier to gene flow between Littorina both root bending and apical hook performance?, HFSP Program grant, OeAD … Österreichischer Austauschdienst / Austrian Agency for International Cooperation in Education and Research applications VIII. SCI. 881, 27–39. over unreliable networks. 36th ecotypes? Journal of Evolutionary formation in Arabidopsis. 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Localization of group II and III • Retzer K, Akhmanova M, Filaretov VA, Akkuratov EE, Burskaia fluids. Physical Review X. 9(2), of Variations and Partial Differential marketed drugs to improve brain eaaw9144. Physics. 91(2), 021001. metabotropic glutamate receptors at Konstantinova N, Malínská K, Leitner V, Gelfand MS. 2019. Chlamydia 021026. Equations. 58(1), article no. 19. delivery of the model ABC/ABC • Brighi P, Grilli M, Leridon B, Caprara pre- and postsynaptic sites of inner J, Petrášek J, Luschnig C. 2019. pan-genomic analysis reveals • Karle V, Defenu N, Enss T. 2019. • Ferrari P, Ghosal P, Nejjar P. 2019. substrate [11C]erlotinib. Molecular Schur group S. 2019. Effect of anomalous hair cell ribbon synapses. FASEB Brassinosteroid signaling delimits balance between host adaptation Coupled superfluidity of binary Bose Limit law of a second class particle Pharmaceutics. 16(3), 1282–1293. • Schur FK. 2019. Toward high- diffusion of fluctuating Cooper pairs journal. 33(12), 13734–13746. root gravitropism via sorting of the and selective pressure to genome mixtures in two dimensions. Physical in TASEP with non-random initial resolution in situ structural biology on the density of states of super- • Martín-Belmonte A, Aguado C, Arabidopsis PIN2 auxin transporter. reduction. BMC Genomics. 20(1), Review A. 99(6), 063627. condition. Annales de l’Institut Pietrzak group with cryo-electron tomography and conducting NbN thin films. Physical Alfaro-Ruíz R, Moreno-Martínez AE, Nature Communications. 10, 5516. 710. • Khatoniar M, Yama N, Ghazaryan Henri Poincare (B) Probability and • Abusalah HM, Kamath Hosdurg C, subtomogram averaging. Current Review B. 100(17), 174518. De La Ossa L, Martínez-Hernández J, • Roblek M, Protsyuk D, Becker PF, A, Guddala S, Ghaemi P, Menon V. Statistics. 55(3), 1203–1225. Klein K, Pietrzak KZ, Walter M. 2019. 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Křetínský J, Lampert C, Toman V. polaritons. Applications and coefficients for neurons with spatial CRYPT 2019. International Confer- Seiringer group gent SU(2) dynamics and perfect of post and presynaptic GABAB L. 2019. CCL2 is a vascular perme- 2019. Strategy representation by Technology. Conference on interaction. American Institute of ence on the Theory and Applications • Benedikter NP, Nam PT, Porta M, quantum many-body scars. Physical receptors in the hippocampus in a ability factor inducing CC-dependent decision trees with linear classifiers. Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO). Mathematical Sciences.39(6), of Cryptographic Techniques. LNCS. Schlein B, Seiringer R. 2019. Optimal Review Letters. 122(22), 220603. mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. endothelial retraction during lung me- 16th International Conference on • Koch CP, Lemeshko M, Sugny D. 3037-3067. 11477, 277–291. upper bound for the correlation • Dumitrescu PT, Goremykina A, Brain Pathology. tastasis. Molecular Cancer Research. Quantitative Evaluation of Systems 2019. Quantum control of molecular • Gerencser M, Gyöngy I. 2019. A • Choudhuri AR, Hubáček P, Kamath energy of a Fermi gas in the Parameswaran SA, Serbyn M, • Nakamoto C, Konno K, Miyazaki 17(3), 783–793. (QEST). LNCS. 11785. 109–128. rotation. Reviews of Modern Physics. Feynman–Kac formula for stochastic Hosdurg C, Pietrzak KZ, Rosen A, mean-field regime. Communications Vasseur R. 2019. Kosterlitz-Thouless T, Nakatsukasa E, Natsume R, • Trébuchet G, Cattenoz PB, Zsámboki • Henderson PM, Ferrari V. 2019. 91(3), 035005. Dirichlet problems. Stochastic Rothblum GN. 2019. Finding a Nash in Mathematical Physics. scaling at many-body localization Abe M, Kawamura M, Fukazawa Y, J, Mazaud D, Siekhaus DE, Fanto M, Learning single-image 3D recon- • Li X, Bighin G, Yakaboylu E, Processes and their Applications. equilibrium is no easier than breaking • Boccato C, Brennecke C, Cenatiempo phase transitions. Physical Review B. 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Singular SPDEs in domains with Public-Key Cryptograhy. LNCS. cations in Mathematical Physics. • Orell T, Michailidis A, Serbyn M, N, Uchinomiya S, Harada H, Itakura Larsen ISB, Vakhrushev SY, Clausen • Phuong M., Lampert CH. 2019. 99(6), 064428. boundaries. Probability Theory and 11443, 317–346. • Deuchert A, Seiringer R, Yngvason J. Silveri M. 2019. Probing the many- M, Hamachi I, Shigemoto R, Ojida A. H, Siekhaus DE. 2019. A conserved Distillation-based training for multi- • Schmickler CH, Hammer H-W, Related Fields. 173(3–4), 697–758. • Pietrzak KZ. 2019. Proofs of catalytic 2019. Bose–Einstein condensation in body localization phase transition 2019. Electron microscopic detection major facilitator superfamily member exit architectures. IEEE International Volosniev A. 2019. Universal physics • Gerencser M. 2019. Boundary space. 10th Innovations in Theoretical a dilute, trapped gas at positive with superconducting circuits. of single membrane proteins by a orchestrates a subset of O-glyco- Conference on Computer Vision of bound states of a few charged regularity of stochastic PDEs. Annals Computer Science Conference temperature. Communications Physical Review B. 100(13), 134504. specific chemical labeling. iScience. sylation to aid macrophage tissue (ICCV). 1355-1364. particles. Physics Letters B. 798, of Probability. 47(2), 804–834. (ITCS 2019). Leibniz International in Mathematical Physics. 368(2), 22(12), 256–268. invasion. eLife. 8, e41801. • Phuong M, Lampert CH. 2019. 135016. • Portinale L, Stefanelli U. 2019. Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs). 723–776. • Zenmyo N, Tokumaru H, Uchinomiya Towards understanding knowledge Penalization via global functionals Article no. 59. • Jaksic V, Seiringer R. 2019. Intro- S, Fuchida H, Tabata S, Hamachi I, distillation. 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118 119 Events 2019

Scientific conferences, workshops and symposia (selection) Public lectures

Date Event name Description Date Speaker and affiliation Talk series and title

March 19-22 IUSSI 2019 Conference and workshop, organized by Professor Sylvia Cremer, bringing to- March 6 Helga Nowotny Vienna Science and Technology Fund IST Science and Society Lecture: “A humble view from inside evolution: gether researchers interested in the ecology and evolution of social insects imagining our digital future”

April 24-26 TopApp Workshop 2019 Student workshop in Computational Topology, organized by PhD student April 24 Gunnar Carlsson Stanford University IST Lecture: “Topological methods for artificial intelligence” Sebastiano de Cultrera di Montesano June 5 Paul Nurse The Francis Crick Institute IST Science and Society Lecture: “Science as revolution” May 17 YSS 19 – Motion in Nature and Technology Young Scientist Symposium, organized by IST Austria students and postdocs, covering different research fields June 6 Bernhard Schölkopf ÖAW-IST Lecture: “Can Europe catch up in artificial intelligence?” Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems August 21 Library Services for Open Science Conference with a focus on library services that exceed the classical fields (IFLA Satellite Meeting) of Open Access and Research Data to support Open Science November 27 Philipp Ther University of Vienna Commemoration Lecture: “The other ends of history: from Neoliberalism to Illiberalism” October 18 Cryo-EM Inauguration Symposium Inauguration of Austria’s largest cryo-electron microscopy facility recently estab- lished at IST Austria, organized by Professors Carrie Bernecky, Leonid Sazanov December 11 Steven Simon University of Oxford IST Lecture: “Topologically ordered matter and why you should be interested” and Florian Schur

Outreach and science education events (selection) Institute Colloquia

Date Speaker and affiliation Talk title Date Event name Description March 11 Charles Nunn Duke University “Shining evolutionary light on sleep and health” January 22-23 “Mein blinder Roboter” Introduction to programming for children in primary school March 18 Paul Steinhardt Princeton University “The second kind of impossible” March 15-17 ÖMO Training Mathematics training camp for the Austrian national Olympiad team March 25 Silke Bühler-Paschen Technical University Vienna “Quantum phases and fluctuations driven by strong correlations” June 23-26 CPSA Match Mathematics training camps for the international Olympiad teams from Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, and Austria April 8 Andrew Mackenzie “Electrical transport and spectroscopy studies of the delafossite layered metals” Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids July 12 Kinderuni Wien One exclusive day at IST Austria for about 300 Kinderuni participants around the topic “The coolest animals of science” April 29 Roger Heath-Brown Oxford University “All about prime numbers”

August 19-23 Sommercampus One-week summer camp for 6-12-year old schoolchildren May 20 Magdalena Götz “Novel mechanisms of neurogenesis and neural repair” Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry August 26-30 Talentesommer One-week summer camp for teenagers May 27 Josh Sanes Harvard University “Cell types as building blocks of neural circuits” September 27 European Researchers’ Night Yearly research event taking place simultaneously in many cities across Europe; IST Austria participated in the Vienna edition with a hands-on neuroscience booth June 24 Gordon Wetzstein Stanford University “Computational single-photon imaging”

September 27 Forschungsfest Niederösterreich Lower Austria’s research festival featuring IST Austria research September 9 Richard Murray CalTech “Synthetic biology: Building molecular scale machines” on fruit flies and zebrafish September 16 Eve Marder Brandeis University “Differential resilience to perturbation of circuits with similar performance”

September 23 Zeev Rudnick Tel Aviv University “Quantum chaos, eigenvalue statistics and the Fibonacci sequence”

October 7 Taekjip Ha Johns Hopkins University “Revisiting and repurposing the double helix”

TWIST talks (Technology Transfer) October 21 Jay T. Groves UC Berkeley “Phase transitions and molecular timing in T cell signaling”

November 4 Ed Boyden MIT “Tools for analyzing and controlling complex biological systems” Date Speaker and affiliation Talk title November 11 Adrian Bird University of Edinburgh “Reading DNA methylation in the brain” April 4 Roland Kalb proionic GmbH “A startup journey from a Greek beach towards world leadership in manufacture of ionic liquids” November 25 Nir Shavit MIT “Tissue vs silicon: How neurobiology can save machine learning hardware”

June 12 Ulrich Mühlner docdok.health “The future of healthcare” November 29 Subash Khot New York University “Hardness of approximation: From the PCP theorem to the 2-to-2 games theorem”

October 23 Nikolaus Krall Allcyte GmbH “Taking the plunge: How I quit academia and started my first start-up” December 16 Alex Badyaev University of Arizona “Control theory in evolution”

120 121 IST Austria scientific awards and distinctions 2019 Boards and leadership of IST Austria (selection)

Academy Award for Technical ERC Starting Grant, European Research Council Board of Trustees Executive Committee of the Board of Trustees Achievement (“Technical Oscar”) Edouard Hannezo, Maksym Serbyn Bernd Bickel The Board of Trustees consists of 16 members. Nine of them are Chair: Haim Harari Fellow of the Royal Society internationally successful scientists, four are appointed by the Vice-Chair: Reinhard Jahn AMS Fellowship, American Mathematical Society Leonid Sazanov Federal Government, and three are appointed by the Government Elisabeth Engelbrechtsmüller-Strauß Robert Seiringer of Lower Austria. Iain Mattaj Highly Cited Researcher, Clarivate Analytics Claus J. Raidl Carus Medal, German National Academy Jiří Friml Chair: Claus J. Raidl, former President, Wolfgang Ruttenstorfer of Sciences Leopoldina Oesterreichische Nationalbank, Vienna, Austria Carl-Philipp Heisenberg Ignaz L. Lieben Award, Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) Vice-Chair: Olaf Kübler, former President, ETH Zurich, The Executive Committee is a subcommittee of the Board of Gašper Tkačik Switzerland Trustees and has, among others, the following rights and duties: EATCS Award, European Association Catherine Cesarsky, Chief Scientific Advisor, • act on behalf of the Board of Trustees in all matters between for Theoretical Computer Science Lopez-Loreta Prize, former High Commissioner for Atomic Energy, CEA-Saclay, the meetings of the Board of Trustees, and Thomas Henzinger Jean-Jacques and Felicia Lopez-Loreta Foundation Gif-sur-Yvette, France • hold preliminary discussions on matters to be brought for Marco Mondelli Alice Dautry, former President, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France approval to the Board of Trustees, such as the annual budget. EMBO Membership, European Molecular Elisabeth Engelbrechtsmüller-Strauß, CEO/CFO, Biology Organization Ludwig Boltzmann Award, Austrian Physical Society Fronius International GmbH, Pettenbach, Austria Peter Jonas Maksym Serbyn Peter Fratzl, Director, Max Planck Institute of Colloids

and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany EMBO Young Investigators Member of the Academia Europaea Susan Gasser, Director emeritus, Friedrich Miescher Institute (FMI), Scientific Board Edouard Hannezo, Martin Loose Jozsef Csicsvari Basel, Switzerland (since 2020) Haim Harari, former President, Weizmann Institute of Science, Chair: Peter Fratzl, Director, Max Planck Institute of Colloids ERC Consolidator Grant, European Research Council Neuron Award, Neuron Foundation, Czech Republic Rehovot, Israel and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany Krishnendu Chattterjee Jiří Friml Alexander Hartig, CEO, Constantia Beteiligungsgesellschaft, Vice-Chair: Maria J. Esteban, Professor, Centre de Recherche en Vienna, Austria Mathématiques de la Décision, University of Paris-Dauphine, France Reinhard Jahn, Director, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Angelika Amon, Professor, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, USA IST Austria internal awards 2019 IST Austria Donors Club Monika Kircher, Supervisory Board Member and Consultant Ben Feringa, Professor, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Iain Mattaj, Director, Human Technopole, Milano, Italy University of Groningen, The Netherlands Outstanding PhD Thesis Platinum Club Pietro Perona, Allen E. Puckett Professor of Electrical Engineering Tony F. Heinz, Professor, Department of Applied Physics, Claudia Espinoza Martínez, Jonas group Invicta Foundation and Computation and Neural Systems, California Institute of Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA Technology, Pasadena, USA Hannah Monyer, Professor, Department of Clinical Neurobiology, Outstanding Scientific Achievement Gold Club Wolfgang Ruttenstorfer, Member of the Supervisory Board, RHI University of Heidelberg, Germany Alfredo Rueda, Fink group Allholding Beteiligungsverw. GmbH Magnesita, Vienna Airport Andrew Murray, Professor, Department of Molecular Mondi AG Elisabeth Stadler, CEO, Vienna Insurance Group, Vienna, Austria and Cell Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA (since 2020) Outstanding Scientific Support OMV AG Stefan Szyszkowitz, Spokesman of the Executive Board, EVN, Gene Myers, Director, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Maria Del Mar Lopez Pelegrin, Loose group Raiffeisen Group Maria Enzersdorf, Austria Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany voestalpine AG Bradley Nelson, Professor, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Outstanding Administrative Support The Board of Trustees oversees the development of the Institute, Systems, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (since 2020) Verena Seiboth, Academic Affairs Silver Club while acting as its highest authority and ensuring that it adheres to Martin Nowak, Professor, Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Berndorf AG its founding principles and vision. It provides guidance to the man- Harvard University, Cambridge, USA (until 2019) Golden Chalk Award for Excellence in Teaching Steven Heinz agement and—among other tasks—is responsible for approving the Petra Schwille, Director, Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Robert Seiringer, Seiringer group Miba AG statutes of the organization and its strategic direction; the budget Martinsried, Germany (until 2019) Oberbank AG and annual financial statements; the appointment of the President, Non-voting Member: Claus J. Raidl, former President, Golden Sponge Award for Excellent Teaching Assistance Prinzhorn Holding GmbH the Scientific Board, and the Managing Director; and the procedures Oesterreichische Nationalbank, Vienna, Austria Julia Raices, Vicoso group Schoeller Bleckmann AG for academic appointments and the promotion of scientists. W. Hamburger GmbH The Scientific Board prepares recommendations for the DI Klaus Pöttinger scientific direction of the Institute. It provides guidance to ensure EMACS Privatstiftung a high degree of scientific productivity, and among other duties, organizes internal evaluations of the various research fields. Donor Club Leadership The Scientific Board consists of ten researchers who are recognized Alcatel-Lucent-Austria AG internationally at the highest levels and an additional (non-voting) Allinvest Unternehmensbeteiligungs GmbH Thomas A. Henzinger, President member with outstanding management experience. Gebrüder Weiss GmbH Michael Sixt, Executive Vice President Kapsch AG Georg Schneider, Managing Director CROMA-PHARMA GmbH Nick Barton, Dean of the Graduate School

122 123 Location & campus map

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CO3 Visiting IST Austria The Institute is located 18 km from the center of Vienna and can easily be reached via public transportation. The IST Austria Shuttle Bus 142 27 leaves from the U4 Station Heiligenstadt. Additionally, a number of 60 public buses connect IST Austria to Vienna.

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24 39 41 43 37 45 23

P 04 40 38 Czech Republic 42 01 44 33 35 31 34 0505 22 02 32

IST Austria Bus stop Klosterneuburg Slovakia 06 Germany 21 Vienna

16 12 09 21 08 13

Hungary 03

Switzerland 07 11 Italy g erneubur Vienna Slovenia Klost Bus stop

Bridge Tulln (planned)

IST Park

01 Central Building 07 Administration Building 16 Power control 31–35 Apartments Guesthouse, Info Info 21 Lab and Office Building West 37–45 Apartments 02 Raiffeisen Lecture Hall 08 Visitor center (planned) 22 Cafeteria 60 Tennis courts 03 voestalpine Building 09 Memorial 23 Chemistry Lab Building 61 Soccer field 04 Bertalanffy Foundation Building 11 Facility Management & Graduate School 05 Preclinical Facility 12 Heating plant (under construction) 06 Lab Building East 13 Miba Machine Shop/ 24 Lab Building North (planned) Central storage 27 Kindergarten CO3 Multipurpose Research Facility

124 125 The team of the Nanofabrication Facility, one of IST Austria's eight Scientific Service Units (SSUs). Imprint Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria) Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg +43 (0)2243–9000 [email protected] www.ist.ac.at

Editors Stefanie Schabhüttl, Lisa Cichocki Texts IST Austria Graphic design Perndl+Co Print Walla Copyright Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), 2020

Photography Georg Bauer, Gregor Buchhaus, Lisa Cichocki, Daniel Hinterramskogler, Nadine Poncioni, Stefanie Schabhüttl, Anna Stöcher, Johannes Zinner

Additional image credits Cover: Nadine Poncioni | 5 Samara Vise | 21 STUDIO MAKS; DIN A4 Architektur; Franz&Sue | 22 Lunghammer – TU Graz | 23 Chris Keeney | 43 Heisenberg group; Martina Maritan; Benková group | 45 Alistarh group; Markus Spiske – Unsplash; Wojtan group | 47 Maas group; Edelsbrunner group; Wagner group | 49 Csicsvari group; Hippenmeyer group; Siegert group | 51 Ibañez group; Birgit Rieger; Serbyn group | cover inside: Markus Hintzen; Martin Lusser Over the past ten years, IST Austria IST Austria is, without a doubt, one has constantly changed and gradually of the most important institutes for evolved into an international model of fundamental research and an example success. To be successful, research needs of international scientific excellence. a solid framework as well as loyal friends Lower Austria has made great efforts and supporters in politics and beyond. to support scientific advancement in In the years to come, the Federal Ministry the past years, as science and research is eager to further strengthen competitive serve as a necessary base for a positive and promising basic research in general economic and societal development. and—in close cooperation with the I am very proud of how the Institute has Government of Lower Austria— contributed to filling the region with life. IST Austria as a place of outstanding Everyone involved has done a great scientific excellence in particular. job—congratulations! We are on the right path and I am looking forward to Heinz Fassmann Federal Minister of Education, Science accompanying IST Austria‘s prosperous and Research future in research and development.

Johanna Mikl-Leitner Governor of Lower Austria Follow us! www.ist.ac.at