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How to Cite Complete Issue More Information About This Article Journal's Webpage in Redalyc.Org Scientific Information System Re Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana ISSN: 1405-3322 Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, A.C. Soler-Arechalde, Ana Ma.; Caballero-Miranda, Cecilia; Osete-López, María Luisa; López- Delgado, Verónica; Goguitchaichvili, Avto; Barrera-Huerta, Alan; Urrutia-Fucugauchi, Jaime An updated catalog of pre-hispanic archaeomagnetic data for north and central Mesoamerica: Implications for the regional paleosecular variation reference curve Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, vol. 71, no. 2, 2019, May-August, pp. 497-518 Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, A.C. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18268/BSGM2019v71n2a16 Available in: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=94362592017 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System Redalyc More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America and the Caribbean, Spain and Journal's webpage in redalyc.org Portugal Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana / 2019 / 497 An updated catalog of pre-hispanic archaeomagnetic data for north and central Mesoamerica: Implications for the regional paleosecular variation reference curve Ana Ma. Soler-Arechalde, Cecilia Caballero-Miranda, Ma. Luisa Osete-López, Verónica López-Delgado, Avto Goguitchaichvili, Alan Barrera-Huerta, Jaime Urrutia-Fucugauchi ABSTRACT Ana Ma. Soler-Arechalde ABSTRACT RESUMEN [email protected] Cecilia Caballero-Miranda Despite the immense cultural heritage of Jaime Urrutia-Fucugauchi Aunque el patrimonio cultural de Mesoamérica Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Mesoamerica, there is still no reference es cuantioso, aún no se cuenta con una curva Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, archaeomagnetic curve available for de variación secular del campo geomagnético 04510, Coyoacan, CDMX, Mexico. Central Mexico and adjacent areas. The mediante datos arqueomagnéticos para el centro present research has two simultaneous de México y áreas adyacentes. La presente Ma. Luisa Osete-López objectives: to obtain finer characteristics investigación persiguió dos objetivos: obtener Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Departamen- of the geomagnetic field elements over características más precisas de los elementos del to de Física de la Tierra, Astronomía y archaeological past, and to build up a Astrofísica. Universidad Complutense. Plaza campo geomagnético en el pasado arqueológico reliable regional archaeomagnetic dating de Ciencias,1. Ciudad Universitaria. 28040, para el lapso 350 aC. a 1500 dC., además Madrid, Spain. tool for the time span of 350 BC. to 1500 de construir una herramienta de datación AD. For these purposes, 72 previous were arqueomagnética confiable para el centro y Verónica López-Delgado compiled and analyzed with 40 new data Sur de México, región que corresponde con la Posgrado en Ciencias de la Tierra. Instituto de selected from unpublished reports and porción central y norte de Mesoamérica. Para Geofísica. Universidad Nacional Autónoma theses performed in the paleomagnetic de México. Campus Morelia. Antigua Car- ello se compilaron y seleccionaron 72 resultados laboratories of the Geophysics Institute previamente publicados en revistas arbitradas retera a Pátzcuaro 8701, Ex Hacienda de San of UNAM (CDMX and Morelia). Most José de la Huerta, 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, junto con 40 datos provenientes de informes of the samples carry thermo-remanent Mexico. de proyectos o tesis. La mayoría de las mues- magnetization, 31 cases were unburned tras portan magnetización termo-remanente, stuccos, and 3 mural paintings carrying Avto Goguitchaichvili únicamente 31 son estucos no quemados con detrital or pictorial remanent magneti- Instituto de Geofísica. Universidad Nacional magnetización remanente detrítica y 3 pin- Autónoma de México. Campus Morelia. Anti- zation. A total of 112 archaeomagnetic gua Carretera a Pátzcuaro 8701, Ex Hacienda directions constitute the core of the turas murales con magnetización remanente de San José de la Huerta, 58190, Morelia, updated catalogue. Special effort should pictórica. Un total de 112 direcciones arqueo- Michoacán, Mexico. be paid for to the time intervals of 500 magnéticas constituyen el núcleo del catálogo BC.—AD. 200 and AD. 1200–325 where actualizado. Es necesario un mayor número Alan Barrera-Huerta there is a major lack of reliable archae- de datos respaldados por edades radiométricas Posgrado en Estudios Mesoamericanos. y de mayor calidad para mejorar la curva de Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. omagnetic results. The present paleose- Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Coyoacan, cular variation curve agrees reasonably referencia en México, en particular para los CDMX, Mexico. well with the fluctuation observed in the lapsos entre 500 aC. y 200 dC. y entre 1200 SW United States area. The differences in dC y 1325 dC. La curva de variación paleose- the intervals between AD. 600–720, AD. cular que se presenta muestra buena correlación 850 and 1000 and AD. 1200–1325 may con la fluctuación observada en el área SO de be rather attributed to the lack of reliable Estados Unidos. Las grandes diferencias entre data than to local non-dipole field. It ambas áreas para los lapsos 600–650 dC., is urgent to gather a greater number of 850–1000 dC. y 1200–1325 dC. pueden high-quality data supported by radiome- ser mayormente atribuidas a la falta de datos tric ages to improve the reference curve in confiables más que al campo no dipolar local. both regions. BOL. SOC. GEOL. MEX. 2019 VOL. 71 NO. 2 Palabras clave: Datación arqueo- P. 497 ‒ 518 Keywords: Archaeomagnetic dat- magnética, campo geomagnético, http://dx.doi.org/10.18268/BSGM2019v71n2a16 ing, geomagnetic field, paleosecu- variación paleosecular, centro de lar variation, central Mexico. México. Manuscript received: January 8, 2018. Corrected manuscript received: July 10, 2018. Manuscript accepted: August 2, 2018. Mexico-Mesoamerica archaeomagnetic data catalog 498 / Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana / 2019 1. Introduction that grew with the collapse of great cities such as Teotihuacan and Monte Albán (López-Austin The variation of the geomagnetic field in the ar- & López-Luján, 2014). By 1960 the radiocar- chaeological past can be obtained from the well bon method began to be employed, but due to INTRODUCTION / ARCHAEOMAGNETIC STUDIES dated burned archaeological artifacts, bearing the relatively high cost, the poorly constrained some spinels like titanomagnetites, as principal laboratory techniques or the lack of a rigorous carriers. Archaeomagnetic data retrieved from sampling methodology, some aberrant dates were thermoremanent magnetization are considered obtained and consequently unreliable sequences the most accurate and reliable compared to the were developed. Wolfman (1990b) visualized the data from lakes and sediments which may be archaeomagnetic dating as a great tool to provide smoothed and/or offset due to their magnetiza- an unattainable precision for the chronometric re- tion acquisition process. These data are used to sults solving cultural-historical problems. He then draw up regional PSV reference-curves or global published the first directional secular variation for prediction models building upon the knowledge Mesoamerica with samples of twelve sites in Mex- of the geomagnetic field variations for the periods ico, two in Guatemala, one of Honduras and six covering the last few millennia. Reference PSV in El Salvador. A total of 81 burned samples were curves can also be used for dating purposes by measured in the Wolfman research and only one comparing the archaeomagnetic field information directly related to a radiocarbon date. (direction and/or intensity) of archaeological ma- A compilation of previously available results for terial within a region with the known PSV curve of Mexico is here reported, 35 of Wolfman, 39 pub- the Earth’s magnetic field for the corresponding re- lished in refereed journals, 12 of them unburned gion (Lanos and Dufresne, 2008; Pavón-Carrasco samples that includes 4 of pictorial origin. 38 sam- et al., 2011).Well-defined PSV curves in southwest ples complete the catalog of 112 archaeomagnetic USA are scarce (Sternberg and McGuire, 1990; directions to build upon a reliable PSV curve for Eighmy et al.,1990; Wolfman, 1990a) in contrast central and southem Mexico. For each individual to Europe, where several well-defined PSV curves study, the main information has been detailed, in- are available for different regions (Gómez-Pac- cluding the field sampling procedures, laboratory card et al., 2006; Schnepp and Lanos, 2005; Gallet treatment and archaeological and chronological et al., 2002). information. Rock magnetic studies have been Mesoamerican culture in Mexico had great de- carried out to identify the main magnetic miner- velopment, since the Olmec civilization, which als and their thermal stability. In addition, these left strong evidence of numerous big cities with data may largely contribute to better constraining trade networks that covered all of Mexico and the variation of the Earth’s magnetic field in the Central America. Many investigations headed by North and Central Mesoamerica during the last the INAH (Instituto Nacional de Antropología two millennia. e Historia) were carried out in the XX century elaborating regional sequences with ceramics and architectonic styles as chronological controls. The chronology was divided into three broad 2. Archaeomagnetic studies in Mexico periods: The Formative or Preclassic from 2000 BC. to AD. 300, the Classic from AD. 300 to 950
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