How to Cite Complete Issue More Information About This Article Journal's Webpage in Redalyc.Org Scientific Information System Re

Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana ISSN: 1405-3322 Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, A.C.

Soler-Arechalde, Ana Ma.; Caballero-Miranda, Cecilia; Osete-López, María Luisa; López- Delgado, Verónica; Goguitchaichvili, Avto; Barrera-Huerta, Alan; Urrutia-Fucugauchi, Jaime An updated catalog of pre-hispanic archaeomagnetic data for north and central Mesoamerica: Implications for the regional paleosecular variation reference curve Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, vol. 71, no. 2, 2019, May-August, pp. 497-518 Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, A.C.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18268/BSGM2019v71n2a16

Available in: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=94362592017

How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System Redalyc More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America and the Caribbean, Spain and Journal's webpage in redalyc.org Portugal Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative Verónica López-Delgado, Avto Goguitchaichvili Ana Ma.Soler-Arechalde, Cecilia variation referencecurve and centralMesoamerica:Implicationsfortheregionalpaleosecular An updatedcatalogofpre-hispanicarchaeomagneticdatafornorth Manuscript August accepted: 2,2018. Corrected manuscript received: July 10,2018. Manuscript received: January 8,2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18268/BSGM2019v71n2a16 P VOL. 71NO. 2 BOL. SOC.GEOL.MEX.2019 CDMX, Mexico. Ciudad Universitaria,04510,Coyoacan, Universidad NacionalAutónomadeMéxico. Posgrado enEstudiosMesoamericanos. Alan Barrera-Huerta Michoacán, Mexico. de SanJosé delaHuerta,58190,Morelia, gua Carretera aPátzcuaro 8701,ExHacienda Autónoma deMéxico. CampusMorelia. Anti- Instituto deGeofísica.Universidad Nacional Avto Goguitchaichvili Mexico. José delaHuerta,58190Morelia, Michoacán, retera aPátzcuaro 8701,ExHaciendadeSan de México. CampusMorelia. AntiguaCar- Geofísica. Universidad NacionalAutónoma Posg Verónica López-Delgado Madrid, Spain. de Ciencias,1. CiudadUniversitaria. 28040, Astrofísica. Universidad Complutense. Plaza Astronomíato deFísicalaTierra, y Facultad deCienciasFísicas, Departamen- Ma. LuisaOsete-López 04510, Coyoacan, CDMX,Mexico. Autónoma deMéxico, CiudadUniversitaria, Instituto deGeofísica,Universidad Nacional Jaime Urrutia-Fucugauchi Cecilia Caballero-Miranda [email protected] Ana Ma.Soler-Arechalde . 497‒518 rado en Ciencias de la Tier ra. Instituto de Caballero-Miranda lar variation,centralMexico. ing, geomagnetic field, paleosecu Keywords: Archaeomagnetic dat both regions. tric agestoimprove the reference curve in high-quality data supported byradiome is urgent to gather a greater number of data than to local non-dipole field. It reliable be rather attributed to the lack of 850 and1000AD. 1200–1325 may the intervals between AD. 600–720,AD. SW United States area. differences in The well observed with the fluctuation in the cular variation curve reasonably agrees omagnetic results. present The paleose reliable archae there is a major lack of BC.—AD. 200 and AD. 1200–325 where 500 be paid for to the time intervals of updated catalogue. Special effort should the directions constitute the core of 112archaeomagnetic zation. Atotal of detrital or pictorial remanent magneti stuccos, and3mural paintings carrying magnetization, 31caseswere unburned thermo-remanent the samples carry of UNAM (CDMXandMorelia). Most of the GeophysicsInstitute laboratories of inthe paleomagnetic theses performed selected from unpublished reports and compiled and analyzed with 40newdata AD. For 72previous thesepurposes, were 350BC.to 1500 tool for thetime span of reliable regional archaeomagnetic dating archaeological past, and to build up a the geomagnetic field elements over of objectives: to obtain finer characteristics present researchtwohas simultaneous Central Mexico andadjacent areas. The archaeomagnetic curve available for Mesoamerica, there is still no reference Despite the immense cultural heritage of ABSTRACT Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana Geológica Sociedad la de Boletín , Jaime Urrutia-Fucugauchi , AlanBarrera-Huerta , Ma.LuisaOsete-López, - - - - - confiables másquealcamponodipolarlocal. atribuidas a la falta de datos ser mayormente 850–1000 dC. y 1200–1325 dC. pueden ambas áreas para 600–650 dC., los lapsos Estados Unidos. diferencias Las grandes entre el áreaen SOde con la fluctuación observada cular que se presenta muestra buena correlación de variación paleose dC y 1325 dC. La curva entrelapsos 500aC. y 200dC. y entre 1200 referenciaMéxico, en particular en para los y de mayor de calidad para mejorar la curva de datos respaldados por edades radiométricas actualizado. Esnecesario mayorun número constituyenmagnéticas el núcleo delcatálogo pictórica. Un total de 112 direcciones arqueo - turas remanente murales con magnetización remanentedetrítica y 3pin magnetización únicamente 31son estucos no quemados con termo-remanente, tras portan magnetización de proyectos o tesis. La mayoría de las mues- con 40datos junto provenientesde informes previamente publicados en revistas arbitradas ello secompilaron yseleccionaron 72resultados porción central y nortedeMesoamérica. Para con la Sur de México, quecorresponde región arqueomagnética confiable para el centro y de datación una herramienta de construir para 350 aC. a 1500 dC., además el lapso en elpasado arqueológicocampo geomagnético características más precisas de los elementos del persiguióinvestigación obtener dos objetivos: de México y áreas adyacentes. La presente mediante datos arqueomagnéticos para elcentro de variación secular del campo geomagnético es cuantioso, aún nose cuenta con una curva el patrimonio Aunque cultural de Mesoamérica RESUMEN México. variaciónpaleosecular, centrode campo geomagnético, magnética, Palabras clave: Datación arqueo- /2019 497 - -

Mexico-Mesoamerica archaeomagnetic data catalog ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION / Mexico-Mesoamerica archaeomagnetic data catalog ARCHAEOMAGNETIC STUDIES 498 498 1. Introduction carriers. Archaeomagnetic data retrieved from some spinelsliketitanomagnetites, asprincipal dated archaeological burned artifacts, bearing chaeological be obtained past can fromthe well ar the in field geomagnetic the of variation The pns o bif foeig fsecondary-states of flowering brief a to sponds inated betweenEpiclassic AD. 800 with the Spaniard inAD. 1521.Aperiod denom the Postclassic from AD.and 950tothecontact BC. to AD. 300, the Classic from AD. 300 to 950 Formativeperiods: The orPreclassic from 2000 chronologyThe wasdivided into three broad architectonic styles aschronological controls. elaborating regional sequences withceramicsand e Historia) were out in the XX century carried the INAH(Instituto Nacional deAntropología Central America. Many investigations headed by Mexicoand trade networksthat covered allof numerous big cities with left strong evidence of velopment, since the Olmec civilization, which Mesoamerican culture in Mexico hadgreat de et al. card (Gómez-Pac regions different for available are to Europe, where several well-defined PSV curves Eighmy USA are scarce and McGuire, (Sternberg 1990; et al gion (LanosandDufresne, 2008;Pavón-Carrasco the Earth’s magnetic field for the corresponding re terial within aregion with the known PSV curve of archaeological ma (direction and/or intensity) of archaeomagneticthe information comparing field curves by canalsobe used for dating purposes covering the last fewmillennia.Reference PSV field geomagnetic variationsthe periods the for of prediction modelsbuilding uponthe knowledge draw upregional PSV reference-curves orglobal process.tion acquisition data These are usedto magnetiza to their due offset and/or smoothed data from lakesandsedimentswhich may be the most accurate and reliable compared tothe magnetization are consideredthermoremanent / Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana Geológica Sociedad la de Boletín ., 2011).Well-defined PSV curves in southwest 2011).Well-defined in ., curves PSV , 2002). et al. et al. , 2006;Schnepp andLanos, 2005;Gallet ,1990; Wolfman, 1990a)incontrast – 1200 corre ------/2019

2. ArchaeomagneticstudiesinMexico c,toi utml,oeo Hondurasandsix ico, two inGuatemala, one of twelve sitesinMex Mesoamerica withsamplesof variation secular directional for first the published cultural-historicalsults solving problems. Hethen an unattainable precision for the chronometric re archaeomagnetic datinga great as tooltoprovide were developed. Wolfman (1990b)visualized the obtained and consequentlyunreliable sequences sampling methodology, dates someaberrant were arigorous laboratorytechniques orthe lack of the poorly constrained cost, high relatively the to be employed,bon method began but due to radiocar the 1960 & López-Luján, 2014).By as Teotihuacan andMonte Albán (López-Austin great citiessuch that withthecollapseof grew locations are mentioned in Table 1 andFigure 1. xico were reported by Wolfman site (1990b). The Me 12sitesof recorded materials in burned of (AD. 1–1200) to Postclassic Preclassic from field the geomagnetic directionalThe component of two millennia. North and Central Mesoamerica during the last the in field magnetic Earth’s the of variation the data may largely contribute to better constraining stability.als andtheir thermal Inaddition, these out to identify the main magnetic miner carried Rockinformation. magnetic studieshave been treatment and archaeological and chronological laboratory procedures, sampling field the cluding study, hasbeen detailed, in the main information central and southemMexico. For each individual directions to build upon a reliable PSV curve for 112archaeomagnetic ples complete the catalog of pictorial origin. 38sam samples that includes 4of them unburned lished inrefereed 12of journals, Wolfman, 39 pub Mexico ishere reported, 35 of previouslyavailable results for A compilation of directly related to aradiocarbondate. measured intheWolfman researchone andonly were samples 81burned El Salvador.in total A of ------

the AFfieldinmTuntilsamplewere demagnetized. 9 8 N. sample the of specimens numberthe total of n andthe mediaof calculus ofsite(Latitude,geographic coordinates longitude). 6 in Referee Journals (uPRrunPublised (PRJr)orinathesisinternals reports inReferree Journals) ( 17 text). Tula (--see softwareRendate orstratigraphyanddate estimationst-stylisticof ceramics rc-relatedtoaradiocarbon date.16 α 1 sample. each of parameters Magnetic 1. Table 95

of the Fisher statistic. 12 Fisherstatistic. the of HIDALGO STATE ieSample Site SIERRA DE LAS NAVAJAS TULA TULA HUAPALCALCO 563 Feat. 30 Wall Wall Feat. 30 563 Quemado, E Wall Quemado, E Wall Quemado, E Wall Quemado, E Wall Quemado, E Wall Quemado, E Wall TU06 ShireHall 488 Tula70, Test Tula70, 488 TU22 W floor ofW TU22 TU27 Floor and TU23 Floor W TU17 Floor W SNE2 TampedSNE2 TampedSNE1 Wall S lobby Wall 539 Feat.539 30 lobby Unit5 598 Tula70,598 785 Palacio 785 415 Palacio 415 Unit3 Feat3 613 Palacio 613 Palacio 440 611 Palacio 611 612 Palacio 612 lobby Rm.2 s613 s415 s612 s440 s611 s613 Pit 1 soil soil R3 2 1 Site lat th 00 6. / 0 . 448.7 34.4 9.6 100 6/8 b 261.4 20.08 00 6. / 100 5/9 b 261.4 20.08 01216b99NM1.7 NRM 9/9 b 261.6 20.1 01216b88NM38824.2 358.8 NRM 8/8 b 261.6 20.1 0207b99NRM 9/9 b 260.7 20 0207b51 0 5. 812.2 28.1 351.1 100 5/10 b 346.4 20 260.7 NRM 20 7/9 347.3 b NRM 260.7 8/8 345 20 b NRM 260.7 8/8 3.9 20 b 50.5 260.7 322.4 NRM 20 8/8 260.7 b 20 260.7 20 0207u /5105120.5 5.1 100 8/15 ub 260.7 20 0260.7 7/12 20 ub 260.7 20 9/9 b 260.7 20 260.7 20 N and 13 and Site long 6. 01 0 339.8 100 10/12 b 260.7 th th W PLat (North Latitude) and PLong (East Longitude) of the VGP. 14 VGP. Longitude)the PLongandof(EastLatitude) (North PLat Reference: thesis or paper that reported the data and a key to identify if the data was Publishedwas data the if identify to key a and data the reported that paper or Reference:thesis b/ub ub / R 345.5 NRM 8/8 b 1.9 40.8 346.4 NRM 8/8 b st State of sampling, 2 sampling, of State n/N /21038451.6 358.4 100 8/12 th ifitisburned orunburned (b/ub), 7 Demag R 4. 24347. 189.4 72.9 3.4 42.4 342.2 NRM 0 4. 44947. 169.8 77.3 9.4 34.4 346.6 100 th ,10 Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana Geológica Sociedad la de Boletín 4. 46247. 7. AD. 950–1200 170.2 74.9 2.4 34.6 344.1 5. 7968. 3. AD. 460–545 130.3 81.4 9.6 27 353.3 e Inc Dec th and 11 04157. 5. D 1010 st AD. 1150–1200 158.2 75.8 1.5 30.4 57257. 7. D 1010 st AD. 1150–1200 172.5 st 77.2 2.5 AD. 1150–1200 35.7 173.5 st 78 1.1 AD. 1150–1200 36.1 169.4 75.8 1.2 34.4 26867. 168.7 70.8 8.6 32.6 59258. 71AD. 750–950 67.1 83.4 2.5 25.9 nd archaeological site, 3 site, archaeological th 34 73249A.15–40st AD. 1450–1480 254.9 77.3 13.45 Parameters of the media direction of thesample Parametersofthemediadirection Dec,Incand 477. 22A.16–10st AD. 1160–1190 52.2 79.7 14.7 a . 259. AD. 750–950 90.4 82.5 1.9 95 LtPLon PLat 54.5 AD. 950–1200 188 76.9 03143.5 80.3 09372AD. 325–550 357.2 80.9 th Demag: NRM if the samples were not demagnetizedor notwere samples the if NRM Demag: 9. D 1010 st AD. 1150–1200 194.8 Estimated Date Estimated D 1019 st AD. 1160–1190 D 1010 st AD. 1150–1200 AD. 1160–1185 AD. 1160–1190 th rd the number of specimensemployedtothe name of sample and location, 4 location, andsample of name th Archaeomagneticdateobtained by continued innextpage date(rc) Stylistic Radiocarbon Radiocarbon datw (st) th Estimated date 15 date Estimated st st st st st st st st Archeomagnetic date Archeomagnetic AD. 1095–1140 AD. 1140–1190 AD. 1100–1350 AD. 1100–1200 AD. 1100–1200 AD. 1068–1098 AD. 1160–1190 AD. 1160–1190 AD. 1160–1190 AD. 1160–1190 AD. 1169–1171 AD. 1150–1350 AD. 900–1150 AD. 745–785 AD. 850–880 AD. 330–342 AD. 391–550 AD. 469–540 /2019 ------th ). Wolfman, / 1990b Wolfman, / 1990b Wolfman, / 1990b Wolfman, / 1990b Wolfman, / 1990b Wolfman, / 1990b revised Martínez- revised Martínez- revised Martínez- revised Martínez- revised Martínez- revised Martínez- Wolfman, 1990b Wolfman, 1990b Wolfman, 1990b Wolfman, 1990b method of method Terán-Guerrero, Terán-Guerrero, Terán-Guerrero, Terán-Guerrero, Miranda, 2013 Miranda, 2013 Miranda, 2013 Miranda, 2013 Miranda, 2013 Miranda, 2013 Miranda, 2013 Miranda, 2013 Miranda, 2013 Miranda, 2013 Miranda,2013 th Reference Martínez- Martínez- Martínez- Martínez- Martínez- and 5 and uPRJ uPRJ uPRJ uPRJ uPRJ 2013 2016 2013 2016 PRJr PRJr PRJr PRJr PRJr PRJr 499 499 th

MEXICO JALISCO CDMX CHIAPAS STATE / Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana Geológica Sociedad la de Boletín

TEM - n/N b/ub Site long W Site lat N Sample Site COYOA- CHAPUL- PANTEÓ N TEOTIHUACAN TEUCHITLÁN, GUACHIMONTONES TEMPLO MAYOR CÁN TEPEC TLATELOLCO PLO LOS GRIFOS CHACHI MAYOR 4 iigGop19.7 540 Viking Group 8 iigGop19.7 786 Viking Group TE171 Ciudadela, TE170 Ciudadela, Gu6 Wall 3rd St7 Gu5 2nd wall St7 570 Wall in small 1 epnac 19.7 317 Teopancazco Gu7 1st Wall St7 Gu10 y 16Intern Gu9 PLatform A 569 45cm below M66Arae19.44 TM2606 Arriate M65Ewl 19.44 TM2605 wall E Gu8 PLatform2 Cui4a9 Tlecuil Gu1 y La 2St3 Central tamped u5Bgoe 20.68 Gu15 Big oven Oven NW Ball Gu4 St8 Floor H12for!9.35 CHQ1y2 floor Cui 13Tlecuil h a2kl 19.37 Chakiln 1a22 Gu3 StoveLa Cuauhxicalco Gu11 Central Gu13y14 Big 564 Palace 3 Conjunto 1D Conjunto 1D TM2604 4 Etapa IVB Etapa Rm.7 s564 top of md tp I 19.44 III Etapa TM2601 Joyita A Circle B Circle Joyita B Circle 1 Circle Circle 1 Circle Circle 1 Circle Circle 2 Circle Circle 7 Circle Etapa II Etapa Circle 1 Circle TMOQ Game LG02 LG01 Floor oven md th th 20.68 20.68 20.68 20.68 20.68 19.44 19.45 20.68 20.68 20.68 19.45 20.68 19.44 19.44 20.68 20.68 19.7 16.8 16.8 19.7 19.7 16.4 16.4 256.13 256.13 256.13 256.13 256.13 256.13 256.13 256.13 256.13 256.13 256.13 256.13 261.2 261.2 261.2 260.9 260.7 260.8 260.9 260.9 260.9 260.9 261.2 265.6 265.6 260.9 260.9 260.9 261.2 261.2 267.3 267.3 ub ub ub ub ub ub ub ub ub ub ub ub b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b (continued). 11/22 12/48 4/10 9/16 6/11 6/14 6/17 6/11 8/27 9/9 7/7 8/8 7/7 4/4 8/8 5/5 6/8 3/7 7/8 8/8 9/9 7/8 8/8 7/8 4/8 8/8 8/8 8/8 7/7 8/ 4 4 Demag NRM NRM NRM NRM NRM NRM 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 5 5 /2019 347.7 354.9 353.4 358.7 351.6 353.7 329.2 354.3 352.2 339.6 353.7 339.6 356.3 356.3 345.8 Dec 13.5 13.2 10.5 352 354 4.2 2.1 0.5 4.5 0.6 3.9 2.4 2.4 7 8 2 3 29.9 46.5 28.3 41.1 32.8 36.6 15.4 55.8 55.5 46.1 42.7 24.3 25.6 36.4 24.6 48.7 36.8 43.8 36.2 17.9 40.2 10.9 40.8 21.3 60.2 42.7 47.4 Inc 39.1 50 30 48 32 9.15 3.85 8.13 12.5 8.73 5.17 9.38 9.85 10.8 5.39 10.4 4.36 a 3.4 8.8 3.1 7.3 9.6 8.2 7.4 9.6 1.5 3.3 1.9 1.6 8.6 4.8 6.2 0.6 4.4 3 3 5 95 LtPLon PLat 74.8 75.4 83.1 82.5 58.9 88.8 70.8 81.9 85.2 75.1 84.4 78.5 75.1 68.3 82.4 82.9 83.6 69.4 84.5 79.4 83.2 79.5 78.1 85.7 83.1 86.3 85.7 74.8 69.5 79 84 81 0. 300BC.–AD. 200 109.6 8. D 4016 tAD. 1461–1473 st AD. 1440–1469 287.3 306.6 1. D 4918 tAD. 1462–1474 st AD. 1469–1481 217.2 0. D 0–0 st AD. 700–900 203.1 8. D 4016 tAD. 1461–1473 st AD. 1440–1469 288.6 0. AD. 425–725 309.1 6. D 0–0 tAD. 682–758 st AD. 700–900 162.6 5. AD. 900–1521 154.7 207.8 158.2 155.4 8. AD. 425–725 284.1 1. D 0–0 tAD. 751–820 st AD. 700–900 310.8 0. D 0–00st AD. 800–1000 105.9 9. D 2–0 tAD. 360–455 st AD. 425–600 296.9 7. D 47 40s AD. 1426–1441 st AD. 1427–1440 176.2 5. D 4918 st AD. 1469–1481 252.9 9. D 2–7 st AD. 425–475 291.9 0. AD. 425–475 309.3 287.4 114.3 109.6 4. D 0–51st AD. 900–1521 246.8 62A.14–49s AD. 1444–1464 st AD. 1440–1469 76.2 76300BC.–AD. 200 27.6 6 D 4016 tAD. 1459–1496 st AD. 1440–1469 265 138 . D 0–0 tAD. 599–681 st AD. 600–900 7.2 40 31 40 Estimated Date Estimated D 3611 tAD. 1391–1401 st AD. 1396–1417 125 BC.–AD. 1 300 BC.– AD. 20/5 Pr 248–77BC. rc 2250+/-50 BP D 0–0 st AD. 400–700 D 2–2 st AD. 425–725 D 5–5 tAD. 512–634 st AD. 350–550 D 0–0 tAD. 556–625 st st AD. 400–700 AD. 400–700 D 0–0 tAD. 427–523 st AD. 400–700 400–125 BC. 1870+/-40 200 date(rc) Stylistic date(rc) Radiocarbon Radiocarbon datw (st) cAD. 116–175 rc t117–112BC. st st st t25BC.–AD. 1 st st st tAD. 1385–1445 st st Archeomagnetic Archeomagnetic AD. 1468–1474 AD. 1460–1500 100 BC.– AD. AD. 683–771 AD. 556–625 AD. 885–930 D 5–4 PRJr AD. 250–345 D 8–3 PRJr AD. 285–330 AD. 530–575 D 9–2 PRJr Wolfman,AD. 295–325 1990b AD. 475–495 Wolfman, 1990b AD. 465–505 PRJr Wolfman, 1990b AD. 435–495 PRJr Wolfman,AD. 260–340 1990b AD. 450–520 Wolfman,AD. 270–350 1990b AD. 455–510 113–100 BC. date 224 López-Delgado López-Delgado López-Delgado López-Delgado López-Delgado López-Delgado López-Delgado López-Delgado López-Delgado López-Delgado López-Delgado López-Delgado López-Delgado Hueda-Tanabe Wolfman, 1990b Wolfman, 1990b Soler-Arechalde Soler-Arechalde Soler-Arechalde Soler-Arechalde Soler-Arechalde Wolfman, 1990b Soler-Arechalde Guerrero, 2003 Guerrero, 2003 Fregoso,2010 Fregoso,2010 et al. et al et et al. et al. et al. Reference al al al. al. al. al. al. al. al al. al. al. al. al. al al uPRJr uPRJr uPRJr uPRJr uPRJr PRJr PRJr PRJr PRJr PRJr PRJr PRJr PRJr PRJr PRJr PRJr PRJr PRJr PRJr PRJr PRJr PRJr PRJr PRJr PRJr PRJr PRJr PRJr PRJr ., 2017 ., 2017 ., 2017 , 2017 , 2017 , 2017 , 2017 , 2017 , 2017 , 2017 , 2017 , 2017 , 2004 ,2011 ., 2012 ., 2013b , 2013a , 2012 , 2012 , 2012 et et et et et et et et et et et et et et Table 1.Magneticparametersof eachsample

MEXICO STATE ieSml ieltNSt og b/ub Site long W Site lat N Sample Site TEOTIHUACAN TE172 Ciudadela, TE173 Unidad 11 Tp8 Teopancazco Tp3 Teopancazco Tp2 Teopancazco TE4 West Square S1R14 N435E87 S1R14 CQE3 CiudadelaCQE3 CQE2 CiudadelaCQE2 CiudadelaCQE1 Xal1,2,3,4 Xalla X1,2,3,4,5 Xalla S1R53 F1N464 S1R53 X6, 7Xalla Red Tp38,39,40, 41 E iddl 19.7 TE1 Ciudadela R181B-261 P4 R181B-261 P4 R181B-261 P4 TE176 Unidad Teopancazco Teopancazco Teopancazco Teopancazco Teopancazco Teopancazco Teopancazco Teopancazco Conjunto 1D Quetzalcoatl Quetzalcoatl Quetzalcoatl S1R206P13 S1R206P13 Cuadro 85 R162CP2 N458E91 R213AP2 R213AP2 R262FP3 R408FP6 S4R1 F1 S4R1 Complex Punto 36 Tp30-31 Tp32-34 Pyramid Pyramid Pyramid S1 F1 S1 TP78 TP75 E107 E107 TP77 TP84 Tp73 walls 19.7 19.7 19.7 19.7 19.7 19.7 19.7 19.7 19.7 19.7 19.7 19.7 19.7 19.7 19.7 19.7 19.7 19.7 19.7 19.7 19.7 261.2 261.2 261.2 261.2 261.2 261.2 261.2 261.2 261.2 261.2 261.2 261.2 261.2 261.2 261.2 261.2 261.2 261.2 261.2 261.2 261.2 261.2 ub ub ub ub ub ub ub ub b b b b b b b b b b b b b b (continued). 20/20 15/18 10/10 14/14 10/10 12spc 31spc n/N 7/11 9/10 4/4 3/4 3/3 4/5 1/1 6/9 3/3 4/4 6/6 8/8 3/3 4/4 4/4 6/6 8/8 Demag NRM 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 80 75 15 10 Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana Geológica Sociedad la de Boletín 348.5 335.2 356.8 351.7 358.3 351.4 352.4 356.8 359.5 355.3 e Inc Dec 332 359 4.3 2.2 3.8 4.2 2.9 5.4 4 3 6 1 40..5 36.7 40.2 44.3 30.2 34.3 38.7 42.7 37.6 37.5 39.4 38.4 43.3 38.6 36.9 38.5 40.6 34 37 39 68 40 14.8 5.75 8.11 4.76 9.32 8.26 2.17 3.57 8.64 3.51 9.52 a 3.1 9.8 6.4 2.6 3.6 0.9 1.7 3.9 10 15 1 95 PLat 85.5 86.8 88.6 85.5 85.3 86.7 82.5 86.9 69.7 86.4 85.9 78.8 88.2 88.3 85.7 74.3 66.2 82.5 51.7 82.1 85.9 84 PLon 232.7 7. AD. 425–475 277.9 241.6 1. AD. 240–350 316.3 8. D 3511 st AD. 1375–1415 188.8 267.8 0. D 1–6 st AD. 415–460 205.3 2. D 1–3 st AD. 515–635 329.9 291.5 8. AD. 325–415 189.9 4. D 4–5 c AD. 340–380 rc AD. 240–350 143.8 2. AD. 325–415 226.8 2. AD. 515–635 321.3 8. D 4–5 tAD. 545–605 st AD. 240–350 185.9 6. D 4–5 c AD. 300–340 rc AD. 240–350 166.8 292.4 AD. 240–350 rc rc AD. 240–350 292.4 8. D 4–5 cAD. 335–385 rc AD. 240–350 184.4 1. AD. 415–460 315.4 1. D 1–3 st AD. 515–635 319.5 6 D 1–9 rc AD. 310–390 165 0 AD. 425–475 302 2 D 1–6 st AD. 415–460 324 Estimated Date Estimated D 0–7 cAD. 306–346 rc AD. 200–270 AD. 460–545 D 2–7 st AD. 425–475 AD. 1–200 date(rc) Stylistic date(rc) Radiocarbon Radiocarbon datw (st) rc rc t AD. 412–477 st t AD. 344–352 st cAD. 491–629 rc rc tAD. 150–210 st tAD. 327–345 st st st /2019 Archeomagnetic Archeomagnetic AD. 1414–1423 AD. 405–445 AD. 551–607 D 0–7 PRJr AD. 300–375 Wolfman, 1990b AD. 410–480 Wolfman, 1990b AD. 465–495 Wolfman, 1990b AD. 480–510 AD. 550–575 AD. 407–433 AD. 407–433 AD. 325–424 AD. 553–606 AD. 525–575 D 8–1 PRJr AD. 285–310 D 9–1 PRJr AD. 290–315 date Hernández-Ávila, Hernández-Ávila, Hernández-Ávila, Hueda-Tanabe Hueda-Tanabe Hueda-Tanabe Hernández, 2008 Hernández, 2008 Hernández, 2008 Hernández, 2008 Soler-Arechalde Soler-Arechalde Soler-Arechalde Rodríguez-Ceja, Rodríguez-Ceja, Rodríguez-Ceja, Terán-Guerrero, Terán-Guerrero, Terán-Guerrero, Terán-Guerrero, Terán-Guerrero, Terán-Guerrero, Arechalde 2001 Arechalde 2001 2009 and 2012 2009 and 2012 2009 and 2012 2009 and 2012 2009 and 2012 2009 and 2012 2009 and 2012 2009 and 2012 Hueda-Tanabe Hueda-Tanabe Orozco Orozco Orozco Orozco Orozco Orozco Orozco Orozco Beramendi- Beramendi- Beramendi- Beramendi- Beramendi- Beramendi- Beramendi- et al et al et al Beramendi- Hernández- Ávila,2010 Reference and Soler- and Soler- al. al. al. Romero- Romero- Romero- Romero- uPRJr uPRJr PRJR PRJr PRJr PRJr 2013 PRJr 2016 PRJr 2016 2013 PRJr 2016 PRJr PRJr PRJr PRJr PRJr 2010 PRJr PRJr 2010 PRJr 2003 PRJr 2003 PRJr 2003 2010 2013 , 2004 , 2004 , 2004 ., 2006 ., 2006 ., 2006 et al et al et al et al et al et al et al et al 501 501 ., ., ., ., ., ., ., ., et et et

VERACRUZ TLAXCALA QUINTANA ROO PUEBLA OAXACA MORELOS MEXICO STATE / Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana Geológica Sociedad la de Boletín

CERRO MONTE n/N b/ub Site long W Site lat N Sample Site LA JOYA XALASCO DZIBANCHÉ MANZANILLO TOMALTEPEC TIERRAS LARGAS LAMBITYECO BRAWBEHL XOCHICALCO TECAMAC TEOTIHUACAN ZAPOTECAS ALBÁN Classic Oven floor XO7-8 West Altar LJ12A-15B North Baked area No.11 LJ11 Pyramid Pre 407 Md 190Zone Classic Oven wall Classic Oven wall Observatory floor Atzomba, E Patio 527 Area A Feat. CEE2 CiudadelaCEE2 Acropolis R6 S8 Front I-A E1 SII XA7 early Floor XA4 early Floor XO11 Acropolis Lj26A-29B East Lj30A-33B East Excav.A, Lev.6 1 et6-416.9 318 Feat68-24 16.9 408 Feat69-27 Building Small Building Small atform St II Platform St 8 q 5A19 55AA 784 Sq. 319 Feat69-2 HT2A Tlecuil south wall E2 5 lo 517 A5 754 Floor Platform Pre Platform Pre Acropolis S5 783 Nmilpa, XO30-32 S2 2 d1016.9 321 Md 190 541 Md. 88 529 Feat.2 Conjunto E DZ4 North 749 Feat.3 DZ3 East. 744 Cerro 744 Cerro Acropolis Acropolis 596 Md.2 XO40-52 XO60-61 Xolalpan Xolalpan Sector G Sector Hearth 1 DZ1 2 S Md. 190 Sec.2 SqJ2 floor wall 11 B 18.83 18.83 19.41 18.83 19.41 18.83 18.83 18.6 18.6 18.6 17.1 16.9 19.6 19.1 19.1 19.1 19.1 19.7 17.1 16.9 17 19 17 19 17 261.8 271.2 263.7 263.7 263.7 261.7 271.2 263.3 261.8 271.2 260.6 263.3 263.3 260.6 263.3 262.2 263.2 263.7 260.9 260.6 263.8 262.2 263.8 263.8 263.8 260.6 261.2 263.2 263.7 260.6 ub ub ub ub ub ub ub ub ub b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b (continued). 16/16 10/10 13/15 14/16 6/10 5/10 6/13 8/8 8/7 8/7 8/6 6/8 8/8 8/8 8/7 3/4 9/9 5/5 7/8 9/9 8/8 8/8 5/6 6/6 8/8 4/8 7/8 8/8 8/8 8/8 Demag NRM NRM NRM NRM NRM NRM NRM NRM NRM NRM NRM NRM NRM NRM 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 /2019 348.3 359.4 359.4 348.8 354.8 348.9 355.4 322.5 359.8 354.6 313.3 341.3 354.9 352.2 358.8 357.3 Dec 49.5 12.5 302 341 351 348 352 1.2 4.7 0.2 2.8 0.7 1 1 55.6 28.7 35.1 17.9 27.7 41.9 30.4 38.5 28.5 39.2 16.9 16.3 38.5 30.4 15.2 32.6 38.3 29.8 Inc 34.2 65 10 14 32 31 36 20 29 39 25 46 13.43 13.3 15.4 9.16 a 1.7 7.6 3.4 2.6 9.6 2.5 8.2 2.9 2.1 1.9 1.2 4.9 2.7 2.6 5.4 9.4 1.9 5.6 2.9 8.3 2.8 0.8 3.3 6.8 5.9 3 95 LtPLon PLat 81.4 84.8 46.2 71.7 84.8 78.5 87.6 82.1 79.7 80.8 72.5 78.7 87.3 85.5 40.8 87.9 80.2 84.8 79.1 84.3 87.3 69.8 87.6 78.2 76.6 75.3 86 79 86 55 5. D 8–05st AD. 980–1025 156.4 7. D 0–20st AD. 900–1200 170.7 9. AD. 540–650 193.5 148.4 6. 250BC.–AD.200 265.8 7. D 0–20st AD. 900–1200 179.6 0. AD. 700–1200 109.4 1. AD. 325–415 111.3 224.2 6. AD. 550–600 269.6 5. D 5–0 st AD. 350–500 258.6 1. AD. 550–600 314.5 1. AD. 700–1200 114.9 9. D 0–0 st AD. 400–700 193.9 6. AD. 900–1200 163.8 185.3 287.9 5. 250BC.–AD. 200 250.5 0. D 5–0 st AD. 350–500 302.5 2. D 3–1 cAD. 420–440 rc AD. 230–410 224.5 6. AD. 540–720 161.8 3. C 5–0 rc BC. 350–300 132.9 6. D 0–0 st AD. 400–700 166.7 66.8 17B.4010rc BC. 400–170 31.7 69A.5090st AD. 500–900 66.9 75A.6265s AD. 676–738 st AD. 652–675 47.5 55A.6473st AD. 664–723 85.5 75A.7080st AD. 700–800 77.5 18.3 250 BC.–AD. 200 Estimated Date Estimated D 5010 st AD. 1500–1600 D 8–05s AD. 967–1031 st AD. 980–1025 D 5–7 tAD. 677–752 st AD. 652–675 AD. 550–600 AD. 415–460 BC. 400–170 date(rc) Stylistic date(rc) Radiocarbon Radiocarbon datw (st) st st cBC. 400–170 rc tAD. 60–120 st st st tAD. 463–508 st tAD. 422–521 st st tAD. 274–316 st st st st st Archeomagnetic Archeomagnetic AD. 1017–1115 AD. 1474–1487 D 0015 Wolfman, 1990b AD. 1070–1155 Wolfman, 1990b AD. 1055–1100 Wolfman, 1990b AD. 1049–1090 AD.520– 528 D 9–90PRJr AD. 895–940 D 2535PRJr PRJr AD. 295–325 Wolfman, 1990b AD. 475–495 AD. 245–315 Wolfman, 1990b AD. 470–530 Wolfman, 1990b AD. 645–680 BC. 400–170 AD. 412–427 AD. 716–768 D 0–4 PRJr AD. 900–945 AD. 510–575 AD. 565–600 AD. 245–305 AD. 700–730 D 3–7 Wolfman, 1990b AD. 635–670 AD. 540–589 AD. 330–393 AD. 785–820 AD. 651–720 AD. 399–410 BC. 350–300 AD. 55–85 A10?PRJr CA 1200? A10?PRJr PRJr CA 1200? CA 1200? date Straulino-Mainou Straulino-Mainou Straulino-Mainou Aguilar-Parra and Aguilar-Parra and Aguilar-Parra and Aguilar-Parra and Morales-Sánchez, Morales-Sánchez, Morales-Sánchez, Morales-Sánchez, Soler-Arechalde Wolfman, 1990b Wolfman, 1990b Wolfman, 1990b Wolfman, 1990b Wolfman, 1990b Wolfman, 1990b Wolfman, 1990b Arechalde, 2001 Arechalde, 2001 Soler-Arechalde Soler-Arechalde Terán-Guerrero, Terán-Guerrero, Terán-Guerrero, Terán-Guerrero, Terán-Guerrero, Terán-Guerrero, Miranda, 2008a Miranda, 2008a and Caballero- and Caballero- Hueda-Tanabe Hueda-Tanabe et al., et al. Cortés,2010 et al. et al. Reference and Soler- and Soler- Saavedra- uPRJr uPRJr uPRJr uPRJr uPRJr uPRJr uPRJr uPRJr uPRJr uPRJr PRJr PRJr 2016 PRJr PRJr PRJr PRJr PRJr PRJr 2011 2011 2011 2011 PRJr 2013 2016 PRJr 2013 2016 PRJr PRJr 2013 PRJr 2008b , 2016 , 2016 , 2016 Table 1.Magneticparametersof eachsample

VERACRUZ STATE Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras, Wolfman Mexico inaddition to the 29 samples from of from Teotihuacan. With the 35 data4 of samples only Pittsburgsamples, laboratories overusing 10 Alternative-field demagnetizationOklahoma and done in was contexts. chronological other less than 4° and their temporalities consistent with α with clustering good showed (NRM) tization the Natural Remanent Magne Most directions of almost allcases. spinner magnetometer (SSM cryogenic magnetometer a Schoendstedand in aPARsome magnetometer. spinner SCT A Technology (SCT) cryogenic magnetometer, and weresamples measureda Superconducting in the spinner magnetometer. InPittsburgh, mostof Researchmeasured in aPrinceton Applied (PAR) InOklahomathe samples wereand California. Oklahoma, Pittsburgh magnetic laboratories of measurementsThe were out in the paleo carried ieSml ieltNSt og b/ub Site long W Site lat N Sample Site LA JOYA LJ20A-25G North LJ16A-19A North atform St V-VI Platform St atform St IIIA Platform St IIIA Platform St IIIA Platform St IIIA Platform St IIIA Platform St IIIA Platform St IIIA Platform St IIIA Platform St atform St I & I St Platform & I St Platform Platfotm IIIA St Jo01-Jo22 EastJo01-Jo22 atform St II Platform St JO50 NorthJO50 JO40 EastJO40 JO39 EastJO39 JO43 EastJO43 JO45 EastJO45 EastJO44 EastJO38 JO37 EastJO37 JO42 EastJO42 EastJO41 inf floor inf floor inf floor inf floor inf floor inf floor Floor 1 Floor Floor 3 Floor II floor II floor II Floor floor Fl. 2 Fl. 19.1 19.1 19.1 19.1 19.1 19.1 19.1 19.1 19.1 19.1 19.1 19.1 19.1 263.8 263.8 263.8 263.8 263.8 263.8 263.8 263.8 263.8 263.8 263.8 263.8 263.8 — ub ub b b b b b b b b b b b 1A) were used in (continued). 16/16 13/13 10/12 11/12 22/22 n/N 2/2 1/1 6/8 6/6 3/3 8/8 1/1 3/4 Demag 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana Geológica Sociedad la de Boletín 95 - - 348.4 349.1 347.7 356.7 359.9 349.8 323.9 348.4 353.7 342.8 352.6 355.9 352.1 e Inc Dec HIDALGO STATE CHIAPAS STATE 2.1. SITESPREVIOUSLY SAMPLEDBYWOLFMAN 23.1 28.3 39.9 56.6 34.4 38.2 29.4 42.2 39.1 36 32 37 38 this period:samples 539and563. Tula. Twodent of samples were taken here from prece the as considered is Teotihuacaninfluence 700–900) due to the obsidian exploitation under major development during the (AD.Epiclassic Huapalcalco (20.1°N, 261.6°W). A site with its thelatest. earlier occupations and570of 569 of 125 BC. to AD. 1000.Two sampleswere taken, Depression occupied by Mixe-Zoque groups since Chiapas, inthe Central ed at Maya lowlandsof Chachi yPanteón (16.4°N, 267.3°W). Site locat thecurve. potentially decreases theaccuracyof chitectural style,or stratigraphy, ceramics which for Mesoamerica. All the samples were dated by ar curve variation secular first the constructed a 5.7 6.4 4.9 7.1 7.5 6.9 3.3 5.3 7.1 2.9 8.4 3.1 6 95 PLat 86.4 83.6 73.6 83.5 82.2 82.4 53.7 80.2 85.7 76.8 78.8 78.4 79 PLon 9. AD. 400–570 197.1 7. AD. 380–580 170.6 7. AD. 400–570 174.8 4. AD. 400–570 149.7 8. AD. 230–410 187.2 211.4 4. D 8–50r AD. 365–420 rc AD. 380–580 143.4 8. D 3–1 rc AD. 230–410 188.9 5. D 0–7 cAD. 340–422 rc AD. 400–570 154.5 8. D 0–7 rc AD. 400–570 180.3 6. D 8–8 cAD. 423–432 rc AD. 380–580 262.4 2 AD. 400–570 229 1 D 0–7 rc AD. 400–570 219 Estimated Date Estimated D 3–1 cAD. 304–325 rc AD. 230–410 date(rc) Stylistic date(rc) Radiocarbon Radiocarbon datw (st) cAD. 402–424 rc cAD. 353–423 rc cAD. 327–371 rc AD. 409–427 rc cAD. 412–429 rc cAD. 415–435 rc /2019 Archeomagnetic Archeomagnetic AD. 700–1000 AD. 337–360 AD. 408–425 AD. 406–430 date Aguilar-Parra and Aguilar-Parra and Aguilar-Parra and Aguilar-Parra and Aguilar-Parra and Aguilar-Parra and Aguilar-Parra and Aguilar-Parra and Aguilar-Parra and Aguilar-Parra and Aguilar-Parra and Aguilar-Parra and Aguilar-Parra and Morales-Sánchez, Morales-Sánchez, Morales-Sánchez, Morales-Sánchez, Morales-Sánchez, Morales-Sánchez, Morales-Sánchez, Morales-Sánchez, Morales-Sánchez, Morales-Sánchez, Morales-Sánchez, Morales-Sánchez, Morales-Sánchez, Reference uPRJr uPRJr uPRJr uPRJr uPRJr uPRJr uPRJr uPRJr uPRJr uPRJr uPRJr uPRJr uPRJr 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 503 503 - - -

Mexico-Mesoamerica archaeomagnetic data catalog ARCHAEOMAGNETIC STUDIES IN MEXICO Mexico-Mesoamerica archaeomagnetic data catalog ARCHAEOMAGNETIC STUDIES IN MEXICO 504 504 Figure 1 OAXACA STATE expanding the chronology, related to samples 415, New evidences and radiocarbon data allowed to the site ended around AD. 1000. the chronology of sampled between that 1969 and1972,accepting veloped between AD. 850untilAD. 1150.Wolfman Toltecs, aMesoamericancivilization thatde was the Tula (20°N, capital city of 260.7°W). The 319, 321and407. were obtained fromto Postclassic:Epiclassic 318, Monte Alban. Four samples with the decline of the Postclassic (AD. 800–1200),coinciding during in production.salt Itsgreatest splendor was specialized with Monte Alban be contemporary this site seems to age of Oaxaca.The valleysof and belongingtotheCentral Tlacolula Valleyof Lambityeco (16.9°N,263.7°W). Site located in the 250 BC.toAD. 200wastaken,itsnumber is408. relatedsample stratigraphically to the time span Center, Tlacolula Oaxaca. A Valleytlement of of set first the is This 263.7°W). (16.9°N,Brawbehl 488 and598. Wolfman. by Samples accepted Wolfman were 440, 611,613,612and785,initiallyrejected by / Location of the archaeological sites in Mexico sampled for archaeomagnetic research. inMexicosampledfor archaeomagnetic Locationofthe archaeologicalsites Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana Geológica Sociedad la de Boletín - - /2019 PUEBLA STATE STATE OFMEXICO and 754. Two sampleswere collected from thisperiod: 749 Oaxaca (200BC.–AD. 250). the central valleysof Tomaltepec (17.0°N, 263.3°W).Formative siteof sampled: 527and529. Postclassic (AD.Two 700–1200) were samplesof occupation until the Postclassic. the evidence of Oaxaca with riod sitelocated in the Etla Valleyof Largas (17.1°N,Tierras 263.2°W). Formative-pe period were taken:541and744. (AD.the Classic this 400–800).Two samplesof Oaxaca during dominated the central valleysof Monte Alban(17.0°N, 263.3°W).Zapotec site that ags etr f eomrc,i a nae f Mesoamerica, it has an area of largest of centers the Teotihuacan (19.7°N,is oneof 261.2°W).This (AD. 350–500).Sample:784. Cholula, its remains correspond to a Classic site of Manzanillo (19.0°N, 261.8°W).Located to the SW withthelatter’sgrew decay. Sample:596. Cholula, that site (AD. 650–900) located west of Cerro Zapotecas (19.0°N, 261.7°W). Epiclassic - HIDALGO STATE CHIAPAS STATE 2.2. SAMPLEDSITESSINCE1999ORREVISITED this work. Samples:LG01 andLG02. rality (8800 years BP) they were not reported in also showed good records but due to their tempo good results. Three fromsamples the Formative the PostclassicPostclassic.yielded Two samplesof shelter with occupation from the Formative to the Los Grifos (16.8°N, isa rocky 265.6°W). This TE173, TE176. are 317,540,786,564,TE170,TE171,TE172, Wolfman these areas were taken.Samples of of suchpaigns 2001, 2003 and2005moreas samples cam excavation different During 2000. in pled ceremonialThe area and Teopancazco were sam Teopancazcoas hoods and Xalla among others. into the ceremonial area, and several neighbor since AD.termined city wasdivided 1 to 650. The de been have occupation of stages principal five people lived. populationmultiethnic The was and tive andresidential areas where more than100000 large20 km², pyramids, ceremonial, administra oepotto,wr n itiuino obsidian. to exploitation, workand distribution of its remainsare evidence thata large it was center Teotihuacan, in Hidalgo State and 50 kmNWof Teotihuacan era. It is located since Tlamimilolpa the principalsitesthat provided obsidianto of delasNavajasSierra (20.8°N,261.4°W). One 2010 excavation: TU06, TU17,TU22,TU23. samples withgood resultstion. The come from the high temperatures donotrecord the magnetiza given that even sampleswith clear evidence of the industrialpollution, weathering, asaresult of the intense limestonesorbecauseof abundance of magneticminerals, dueto the the lowcontent of might becausedby thesesamples ratesuccess of α with unburned them of the area during2010,only5withgood results, 2 from werestuccos and unburned burned taken in reachesat least until AD. 1200.23newsamples tions andradiocarbon data its chronology suggest Tula (20.0°N, 260.7°W). Revisited. New explora 95 less than 15. The low lessthan 15.The Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana Geológica Sociedad la de Boletín ------

JALISCO STATE MEXICO CITY sequences were donein2005and2009.Sixteen detailed stratigraphic Two exhaustive samplingof clays. fine and rocks of mixture masonry,a with tal size surrounded bythat wereplatforms built monumen characterized bycircular structures of the Tequila Mexico. site is volcano, The West of within the site housedinalakebasin valleysof Teuchitlánan archaeological is chimontones of Guachimontones (20.68°N, 256.13°W). Gua in 2006.Samples:SNE1andSNE2. soils werefragments belonging to burned sampled pec (AD. 200–600)were recollected. Four oriented Xolalpan and Mete Tlamimilolpa, Ceramics of eeas on.Bre aeilo the surface were material of found. also Burned andCoyotltatelcoMetepec periods (AD. 550–900) the the hill. Ceramics of ed on the south slope of Teotihuacan-type habitation unitswere are locat Mexico City center.West In2004,remains of of (19.37°N,Chapultepec 260.7°W).Hill located at Cui 4a9. stucco are burnt reported: Cui13 and samples of tive evolution is also marked by its governors. Two Mexicasthat left Tenochtitlán, anditsconstruc of 1337 by a group place was builtThis in the year of Tenochtitlán. the Templo Mayor Northwest of of Tlatelolco (19.45°N, 260.9°W). City located III, TM2601, TM2604, TM2605andTM2606. etapa Samples: stages. different two produced four sampleswithbetter results of ple gave agoodresult. In 2012anewexcavation site wassampled in 2000,butThe only one sam were marked by its different governors or tlatoanis. evolution of stages different its 1325, in Mexicas 260.9°W). Tenochtitlan is the cityfounded by the TenochtitlanTemplo Mayor (19.44°N, of together). Gu13y14* andGu15(*two samplesbut processed Gu5, Gu6,Gu7,Gu8,Gu9,Gu10y16*,Gu11, radiocarbon dates. Samples: Gu1y2*, Gu3, Gu4, with the stratigraphy,agreement ceramicsand (300 BC.–AD. 900)were taken showing good samples from the Pre-classic to the Epiclassic /2019 505 505 ------

Mexico-Mesoamerica archaeomagnetic data catalog ARCHAEOMAGNETIC STUDIES IN MEXICO Mexico-Mesoamerica archaeomagnetic data catalog ARCHAEOMAGNETIC STUDIES / METHODS 506 506 TLAXCALA STATE QUINTANA ROO STATE STATE OFMEXICO MORELOS STATE fill to gain groundgain tothelake.fill to Sample:CHQ1y2. aged a due “tlatel”,to the artificial construction of aresidential unit verydam 600–900) vestiges of Coyoacan (19.37°N, 260.7°W). Postclassic (AD. a kiln was of sampled and identified like Cha1a22. results: XA4 andXA7. samples werestucco takenin2008,two gave good tihuacanos sinceAD. 100to 700. Five unburned Xalasco (19.41°N, 262.2°W).Site occupied byteo in 2014.Samples:DZ1,DZ3 andDZ4. studies inthe Maya area.done samplingwas The archaeomagnetic for murals of sampling first the principal theredhematite. pigmentis Itwas component of The identified. were stages Classic of buildings, where two constructions main group of samplescomefromThe murals taken from the (AD. 450–700)wasgoverned by dynasty. Kaan 300 BC.toAD.since 1500.Duringthe Classic Dzibanché (18.6°N, 271.2°W).Maya siteoccupied (AD. 1500–1600).Sample:HT2A. pled: Azteca III (AD. 1300–1500) and Azteca IV Tenochtitlan. Two occupation stageswere sam 1200 by to the Mexicas duringtheir pilgrimage Tecama (19.6°N, 260.9°W). It was founded in AD. CQE2, CQE1, CQE3, CEE2. Tp77, Tp84, Tp75, Tp32-34, X6, 7,Tp73, Tp38, 39,40,41,Tp78, Tp30-31, ples: Tp2,Tp3,Tp8,Xal1,2, 3,4,X1,2, 4, 5, Teotihuacan. (19.7°N, 261.2°W). Revisited. Sam 32, XO7-8 AND XO11. and 2007.Samples: XO40-52, XO60-61, XO30- cavations and sampling were done in 2004, 2006 the site was in 1999, and new ex samplingfirst of between Morelos, Oaxaca and Mexico Basin.The hill allowed300 m ittocontrol thetrade networks Teotihuacan. Its location overdue to the fall of a the cities that emerged 600–1100). It is one of (AD. Epiclassic chicalcofortifieda is of settlement Xo Xochicalco (18.83°N, cityof 260.6°W). The / Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana Geológica Sociedad la de Boletín ------/2019 3. Methods VERACRUZ STATE 3.3. ROCK MAGNETIC PROPERTIES 3.2. MAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS 3.1. SAMPLING Jo01-Jo22. JO39, JO40,JO41,JO42,JO43,JO44,JO45and 15B, LJ16A-19A,LJ20A-25G, JO50,JO37,JO38, Samples: Lj26A-29B, Lj30A-33B, LJ11,LJ12A- excavation: 2005and 2009. two periods of of floors unburned from two only and floors burned to AD. samplescomefrom 1000.The oven walls, stampedearth, dating from400 BC. site built of the Olmecs; amajor cruz culture descendant of the so-called Central Vera apolitical entity of of La Joya (19.1°N, 263.8°W). La Joya is the capital using anAGFM Micromag magnetometer nent Magnetization (IRM) cycles were performed RemaHysteresis measurements and Isothermal magnetization. components andstabilityof the main remanence demagnetizer to determine out over until 100 mT in a Molspin 8 to 12 steps Fields (AF)stepwise demagnetization was carried with anAGICO JR6magnetometer. Alternate NRM directionThe and intensitywere measured (Hueda-Tanabethe mortars to the volcanic scoriaand cinder that was added to fabric whoseenhanced due magneticsignalwas proved that they have a magnetic sedimentary also sampledbecauseitwas stuccowas unburned oriented with a Brunton compass. Insomecases, were collected employing awooden cylinderand hearths (44 samples). Between 8 and 12specimens or fire, oven to exposed stuccos are structures the coordinatesgraphic are shown inTable 1). Most of reportedpaper are this in shownFigurein 1(geo the 40 newstructures that are locationsThe of et al. , 2004). - - - (CQE1 and Gu15b) stuccos. Figure 2 direction is of a primary character. aprimary direction is of themeasured origin andif asedimentary of is cos stuc unburned the magnetization of if inferring fabric willallow This deposit. the planeof to lar with the minoraxes clustered andperpendicu stucco dries. We expected fabric, a sedimentary could reveal the preferred orientations when the andthe anisotropyscoria wasadded to the mortars Mexico, cinderandvolcanic cos. Inmany sites of themagneticfabricfor stuc unburned determine outto study carried was This bridge KlY2. Kappa (AMS) was measuredceptibility inanAGICO´s Magnetic sus remanence (Hcr). Anisotropyof of coercitivity of was measured for determination andcoercitive(Mrs) force (Hc).IRMacquisition tion magnetization (Ms),saturation remanence paramagnetic correction were obtained: satura 1.2 after parameters Hysteresis T. of field applied (Princeton Measurements Corp.) withmaximum Stereonet,VectorialDiagramand Demagnetizationspectraof representative samplesof unburned (TM2601) and burned Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana Geológica Sociedad la de Boletín - - - - - 4. Results examples shown onFigure 2 for well heated and asmay be observedmay in be easily determined characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM) magnetization and the vectorial component of In many cases, specimenshave a linear and uni no digitalversions. reports allowto data access from which there are excavation projects headed by the INAH. These blished Reports requested byand delivered to the and Morelia). Other data were reported in unpu Mexico (CDMX the National University of of the GeophysicsInstitute magnetic Laboratories of and measurements in the Paleo were performed since 2003,whose paleomagnetic experiments Physics, Archaeologyand Earth Sciences areas studentsfrom in Bachelor and Master theses of the new data reported now are included Many of /2019 507 507 - -

Mexico-Mesoamerica archaeomagnetic data catalog METHODS / RESULTS Mexico-Mesoamerica archaeomagnetic data catalog RESULTS 508 508 burned samples:Gu13y14, SNE2, TU6,TU17,HT1,LG02. Figure 3 stereonet examples are shown inFigure 3. We only resultingThe data are listed in Table 1 and some 1953). thesamples(Fisher, obtain the mean direction of each sample. Fisherstatisticsapplied was to tion of magnetization used toget was the primary direc structures.unburnt Principal component analysis strata. tic dates that correspond withthechronologyof archaeological contexts andwitharchaeomagne identified well some to belonging catalog present thistypeare includedinthe ccos. Ninesamplesof stu the unburned 10 anduntil 15 inthe case of α with samples the acceptable consider / Stereonetofmagnetization oftheunburned Mean characteristic samples:Gu1y2, Gu5, TM2604, Xal4,JO01-22,TP78and of Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana Geológica Sociedad la de Boletín 95 lessthan - /2019

burned stuccos couldbeobserved stuccos burned intheFigure and unburnt the AMS of Some examples of magnetization tobeminor. appears times co-exist but their contributionremanent in as the principal magnetic carrier. Hematites some indicate low-Titanium Titanomagnetites furnace experiments out in aBartington MS2 carried Temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility (Day diagram Day modified the in preponderant are poor Tititanomagnetites. domains Pseudosingle Figure behavior 4.The observed to corresponds are thesamples reported in manyof behaviorof Some hysteresis andIRMcycles that exemplify the et al ., 1977)by Dunlop(2002)(Figure 5). - Figure 4 chronological order consi basedonstratigraphic the VGPs andtheir following the distribution of were obtained from the curve that heconstructed Wolfman (1990b) archaeomagneticThe dates of Teuchitlán LaJoya. andJo45Gu10 of of Tula. Tula, samples:Tu23 Unburned 06y7 of of Teotihuacan Tu05,and of Tp59 to Tp30 CQE1, tic field deposition. Burned samples: at the time of the geomagne can recordstuccos the direction of type supporting the hypothesis that the unburned sedimentary the magnetic fabrics are of 6. Allof Hysteresisand IRMcyclesof thesamplesGu10, TU04,Tp30.. Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana Geológica Sociedad la de Boletín

omagnetic dating, includedthe Wolfman data 1600 obtained inthe year 2000 for the archae secular variationThe curve from 50 BC. to AD. the direction consideringitserror (α the curve with by of performed the intersection data for these periods. dating The was a of lack and between AD. 915to 1060, because there is curvesThe have between a gap AD. 100to 300 the otherfrom AD. 300to1200. proposed two curves: one from AD. 1to 300 and deration, ceramics and architecture style. Wolfman /2019 95 ). 509 509 -

Mexico-Mesoamerica archaeomagnetic data catalog RESULTS Mexico-Mesoamerica archaeomagnetic data catalog RESULTS 510 510 Guachimontones, Tlatelolco,Chapultepec and Xochicalco. Figure 5 cessed obtaining better age restrictions. Figure 7 cubic splinesandthe previous directions were pro date (Lanos, 2008)a new curve was modeled with the software Ren In 2010withthe publication of samples comesfrom thisemblematic site. (19.7°N, 261.2°E)because the greatest number of wholeThe dataset reducedwas to Teotihuacan dates, restrictions stratigraphic were considered. and achieve the dating. To better constrain the Batt,1990)with the curve to get the intersections Goff (Le technique point and co-workers (1986). We employed the crossing stalagmite data Latham DAS2 (AD. 750–1975)of (1996)andthe Urrutia-Fucugauchi AD. 60)data of as well Xitleas the volcanolava (100 BC.– flow of (1990b) fromMexico, Salvador andGuatemala, / Daydiagramof representative samples ofTeotihuacan: Ciudadela and Xalla,Sierra delasNavajas, Xalasco, Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana Geológica Sociedad la de Boletín et al. ,2002; Noel and - - /2019 r h aaeeso tema ieto fthe the mean direction of areof the parameters mT. in α field and demagnetizing Inc peak Dec, ples were notdemagnetized or, themaximum the sam Demag column indicatesThe NRM if in the the sample N.specimens total number of employed to calculate the statistical means n,the specimen (b/ub), number or unburned of burned samples, and their features: ing the location of Table concern 1 compilesall the information centralandsouthMexico. variation curve of ding newdata to complete and expand the secular local chronologies (Beramendi samples for radiocarbondating improvingthe thenewexcavation projects have been taking of showsthe secular variation curves obtained. Most sample resulted from the Fisher statistic; plat and et al ., 2009) provi 95 - -

(circles –minimum -k3,squareintermediated- k2, triangle -maximum– k1). Teotihuacan and Gu10 ofTeuchitlan.Anisotropy of Magneticsusceptibilityofunburned samples:TU23ofTula and JO45of La Joya. Figure 6 ausls hn1°bcueo the type magneti values lessthan15°becauseof α accept we samples For unburned 4°. than ter α in Referee Journals). Ascanbe observed the mean reports (uPRr unPublished thesisandinternals of Published inReferee Journals (PRJr) or the data byRendate software.key A to identifythedata lated. Archaeomagnetic date is the date obtained style, stratigraphy (st) or radiocarbon date (rc) re the sample assigned by ceramic date is the date of Virtual Geomagnetic Poles (VGP).of Estimated plong are the paleolatitude and paleolongitude 95 MagneticAnisotropySusceptibility of theburned samples: CQE1 ofTeotihuacan TU05,06 & 7 of Tula, TP30toTP59of of unburned samplesis8.5andusuallygrea unburned of Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana Geológica Sociedad la de Boletín 95 - -

5. ThePSVcurveforCentralMexico diocarbon data are available. stalagmite data The by other alternative methods, inourcaseonlyra only dataincluding supported bydates obtained earlyThe proposed curve has been improved by (Figure 6). fabric sedimentary the measuredbeen confirming stuccos, unburned the magnetic fabric has of zation and potential inclination error. Inall cases /2019 511 511 -

Mexico-Mesoamerica archaeomagnetic data catalog RESULTS / THE PSV CURVE Mexico-Mesoamerica archaeomagnetic data catalog THE PSV CURVE 512 512 geological and archaeomagneticdata. Figure 7 It is important to point out that more data is still Figure 8showsan equal areathem in projection. 100years. Table 2 showsdowthe results of and were obtained every50 years with amobilewin Fisher’sstatistic mean-directionsand VGP poles compiled inTable 1. them Archaeomagnetic 1999,allof Service since Morelia Laboratory, the current Nationaland of theUNAM(located CDMX) in leomagnetism of Pa the researches out in the Laboratory of carried Wolfman (1990b)andthoseof magnetic data of newcurveThe presented includes the archaeo include onlyarchaeomagnetic samples. ,1996)wasalsoremoved(Urrutia-Fucugauchi to the Xitle controversyin their records. data The of (Latham / PreviousSecular variationcurvereduced toTeotihuacan (19.7N,261.2E) withtheirerrors ΔI and ΔD.Thecurve includes Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana Geológica Sociedad la de Boletín et al ., 1986)have been removed due to - - - /2019 925 to 1100 which can betentativelyto attributed925 are observed between AD. 600 to 650 and AD. samples in differences certain periods.large Some the moving window and to the small number of dampingbythe useof to solve theproblem of Lengyel and Eighmy (2002) focused onaproposal co, Arkansas, Missouri,Louisiana and Tennessee. Colorado, Arizona, NewMexi from the states of andMcGuire data (1990).The comes Sternberg et al. Eighmy employedThe data are from of papers USA. amongst the available curves for the SW of In Figure 9we can observe resultsthe comparison 1100. 200), andfor the Postclassicespecially after AD. needed in the Preclassic time-span (500 BC.–AD. , (1990), Lengyel and Eighmy (2002) and -

Figure 8 Stereonetof VirtualGeomagnetic Polesfor Centraland SouthofMexicofor300BCtoAD1500every100years. Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana Geológica Sociedad la de Boletín /2019 513 513

Mexico-Mesoamerica archaeomagnetic data catalog THE PSV CURVE FOR CENTRAL MEXICO Mexico-Mesoamerica archaeomagnetic data catalog THE PSV CURVE FOR CENTRAL MEXICO 514 514 Plat: Northlatitudeof VGP,Plong: Eastlongitude of VGP. field for ofgeomagnetic Mexicoevery50years,obtainedTable 2.MeanFisherdirection withamoving magnetic window of 100years. D 503394. . .3 36 91231.9 216.9 214.8 79.1 206.4 239.6 82.5 239.6 83 33.68 80.1 72.2 36.97 168.4 72.2 168.4 30.13 9.733 109.57 168.4 24.36 10.73 78.2 109.57 166.3 163.4 78.2 8.735 5.95 3.877 8.4 78.2 7.6 50.14 5.95 78.1 78.4 50.14 9.5 50.14 19 48.1 5 17.66 51.33 43 5 17.66 48.6 42.3 17.66 353.9 4.9 43.2 19.63 55.5 354.2 4.9 20.59 55.5 AD. 1500 354.4 4.9 AD. 1450 351.1 4.6 34.1 352 AD. 1400 4.6 34.1 352 AD. 1350 34.1 AD. 1300 347.6 33.4 AD. 1250 347.6 32.6 AD. 1200 347.6 AD. 1150 347.5 AD. 1100 347.9 AD. 1050 AD. 1000 / D 5 4 19442.44.87. 160 80.4 151.5 80.5 79.3 82.6 81.6 82.9 47.48 82.5 137.8 187.3 101 41.54 212.5 86.8 22.54 212.5 110.4 87.2 86.2 27.35 9.911 208.9 86.4 209 50.43 10.91 4.4 86.4 26.32 211.4 24.94 191.8 4.3 86.6 59.59 19.62 4.8 86 67.64 25.05 4.4 198.1 31.9 201 85.9 24.04 83.8 35.41 73.46 4.6 199.3 30.9 23.6 40.41 87.57 5.6 82.1 23.3 349 196.9 77.9 88.48 5.9 63.22 40.46 196.9 3.1 81.4 351.7 30.7 42.52 0.1 2.7 AD. 950 37.16 33.2 84.2 40.55 0.1 30.14 20.68 AD. 900 2.6 37.1 84.2 38.11 AD. 850 359.9 39 2.3 16.57 AD. 800 357.5 55.38 39 12.6 2.4 AD. 750 356.1 55.38 4 19.5 38.6 AD. 700 357.1 5.9 39.1 7.874 AD. 650 357.1 7.7 39.4 7.874 AD. 600 357.1 5.4 38.6 AD. 550 356.6 7.5 40.5 AD. 500 356.6 7.5 43.4 AD. 450 353.8 41.1 AD. 400 352.3 39.1 AD. 350 348.4 39.1 AD. 300 351.7 AD. 250 354.4 AD. 200 354.4 AD. 150 AD. 100 0 C 5. 47586951988. 162.6 112.3 167.4 167.4 86.3 123.4 88.2 81.2 89.1 89.1 109.8 81.18 86 86.5 79.35 79.35 6.945 8.901 52.94 8.899 32.65 8.899 5.8 5.7 6.887 3.908 5.8 5.8 34.7 8.4 33.2 16.3 35.5 35.5 356.1 359 30.2 31 359 100 BC. 359 150 BC. 357.2 200 BC. 0 250 BC. 300 BC. 350 BC. D 03443. . .7 53 42196.9 84.2 55.38 7.874 7.5 39.1 354.4 AD. 50 0B.3613. . .4 0. 63162.6 86.3 109.8 6.945 5.8 34.7 356.1 50 BC. AEDCICa95 INC DEC DATE D 5. 53527991438. 167.7 87.1 114.3 7.939 5.2 35.3 356.9 AD. 1 Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana Geológica Sociedad la de Boletín /2019 R K LTPLON PLAT G Figure 9 Mexico and fromAD600 to AD1500. SWof USA evident that more high-quality data supported by dataMexico.in is Itis to 1325whereof thelack AD.1200 between be observed can differences great but field, non-dipole local the to than USA reliable data inthe SW of more to the lackof Polar Secular variation curves ofcenterand PolarSecular variation curves south of Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana Geológica Sociedad la de Boletín References Acknowledgment IN101717. ject n° 252149andpartly byUNAM-PAPIIT work This wassupported byCONACYT pro- archaeomagnetic results inMexico. reliable to 1325, which represent the major lack of 500BC.toAD. 200andAD.time intervals of 1200 the to put on place be should effort Special USA. MesoamericaandSW of the reference curves of radiometric ages are strongly needed to improve Day, R.,Fuller, M.,Schmidt, V.A., 1977,Hysteresis Beramendi-Orosco, L.E.,González-Hernández, Beramendi-Orosco, L.E.,González-Hernández, Aguilar-Parra, L.I., Morales-Sánchez, R.,2011, Earth and Planetary Interiors,Earth andPlanetary 13,260–267. the Physicscompositional dependence: of size and titanomagnetites: grain properties of 71(2), 99–107. Research, Quaternary Data: Archaeological Radiocarbonand Bayesian Statisticsof Teotihuacan Derived from Center of Chronologyfor theMesoamericanUrban A., Jarboe, N., 2009, High-resolution R., Soler-Arechalde, A.M., Goguitchaishvili G.,J., Urrutia-Fucugauchi, Manzanilla,L. IIA-UNAM, 111–134. de Teopancazco en Teotihuacan: Mexico, Estudios Arqueométricos del centro de barrio aportación a la cronología de Mesoamérica. radiocarbono, arqueomagnéticos a unmodelobayesiano de para Teopancazco:de datos Integración G., Soler-Arechalde,2012, Cronología A.M., Archaeology, 195p.thesis of Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Bsc el sitio“LaJoya”,Veracruz: Mexico, Escuela la cronología de la arquitectura en de tierra Estudio arqueomagnético: Una aplicación a in Manzanilla L R. (ed.), Una /2019 515 515

Mexico-Mesoamerica archaeomagnetic data catalog THE PSV CURVE / ACKNOWLEDGMENT / REFERENCES Mexico-Mesoamerica archaeomagnetic data catalog REFERENCES 516 516 Eighmy, J.L., Hathaway, J.H, Kane, A.E,1990, Dunlop, D.J., and application 2002, Theory Hernández-Ávila, E.R.,2010,Control Hernández-Ávila, Guerrero,Arqueomagnético X., 2003,Análisis Gómez-Paccard, M.,Chauvin,A.,Lanos, P., Gallet, Y., Genevey, A., Le Goff,Three M., 2002, Fregoso, D., 2010,EstudioArqueomagnético Fisher,on asphere: R.A.,1953,Dispersion / Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana Geológica Sociedad la de Boletín Archaeomagnetic Secular Variation inthe Research. B:SolidEarth,107(3),5-1-5-15. Geophysical titanomagnetite data: Journal of Hc) 1. Theoretical curves and tests using versus theDayHcr/ plot (Mrs/Ms of de Teopancazco, Estado deMéxico:Mexico, Cronométrico basado en arqueomagnetismo Physics, 40p. of Bsc Thesis UniversidadNacional Autónoma deMexico, del Vallede Estucos de Mexico:Mexico, Geochemistry, Geophysics andGeosystems, 7(12),1–20. model: field geomagnetic data from Europe western and withglobal the Iberian Peninsula: Comparison withother archaeomagnetic secular variation curve for G., Ruiz-Martínez, V. C.,2006,First G.,McIntosh, Osete, M.L.,Catanzariti, 81–89. Interiors, the Earth and Planetary 131(1), of revealed by archeological artefacts: Physics as Europe western in field magnetic Earth’s the directional variation of millennia of Physics, 124p. Mexico, of BscThesis Mexico, UniversidadNacional Autónoma de Sitio de OcupaciónTemprana en América: del Abrigo RocosoGrifos”,“Los Chiapas. A217, 295–305. London, the Royal Society of Proceedings of Arizona Press, 226–236. University of (eds.), Archaeomagnetic dating: Tucson, The Program, Results fromthe Dolores Archaeological American Southwest, AD. 700-900: Final in Eighmy J.L., Sternberg, R.S. /2019 Hueda-Tanabe, Y., Soler-Arechalde, A.M.,Urrutia- Hueda-Tanabe, Y., Soler-Arechalde, A.M., López-Delgado, V., Soler-Arechalde, A.M., López-Austin, A.,López-Luján, L.,2014,Las Lengyel, S.N., Eighmy, J.L., 2002,ARevisionto N., Genevey,Warmé, Gallet, A., Y., M., LeGoff, Latham, A.G., Schawrz,H.P., Ford, D.C. 1986. Lanos, P., Dufresne, P., 2008.Bayesian 147, 269–283. Interiors, Earth and Planetary Physicsof Mesoamerican lime-plasters: –dating of Archaeomagnetic studies in central Mexico Rebolledo, M.,Gogitchaishvili, A.,2004. Fucugauchi,J., Barba, L., Manzanilla,L., Arqueología delINAH enAgostode2001. Mexico, presentado al Consejo de Informe Teotihuacan y Templo Mayor, Tenochtitlán: los estucosensitiosde Teopancazco, 2001. Fechamiento arqueomagnético de Physics, 104p. of Bsc Thesis UniversidadNacional Autónoma deMexico, Guachimontonesde Teuchitlán: estudio un Caballero-Miranda, C.I., Morales, J., 2017, Esparza-López, J. R.,Goguitchaichvili, A., México, FCE,Colmex andFHA,70–74. Grandes Divisiones, 29, 1423–1433.doi:10.1006/jasc.2001.0807 Archaeological Science, Curve: Journal of the U.S. Southwest Archaeomagnetic Master doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9201(02)00161-9 Interiors,Earth and Planetary 134,203–211. curves archaeomagnetic and dating. Physicsof curves andarcheomagnetic secular variation 2002. Onarcheomagnetic secular variation Science Letters, 79,195–207. Mexican stalagmite. Earth and Planetary dating paleomagnetism and U-Th of The Zurich, Switzerland. Archaeology, Symposium. 5thInternational the RenDate software, i Archaeomagnetic and Radiocarbondating: in Elpasadoindígena: n Radiocarbonand Pavón-Carrasco, F.J., Rodríguez-González, J., Noel, M., Batt, C., 1990, Amethod for correcting Martínez-Miranda, V., 2013,Tula eltiempo López-Delgado, V., Soler-Arechalde, A.M., Sánchez-López, F., 2005,Nuevos fechamientos Saavedra-Cortes, S. P., 2010,Estudio Romero-Hernández, E.,2008,Fechamientos Rodríguez-Ceja, y FechamientoM., 2003,Análisis survey from someclassicalsettlements at 2011, Rock-magneticA., andarcheomagnetic Espinosa-Rodríguez, G., Goguitchaichvili, Iberoamericana 33,27–34 del Occidente de Mexico: Arqueologia arqueomagnético para mejorar la cronología zonas habitacionales de Teotihuacan: arqueomagnéticos de Xalla y Teopancazco, Physics, 85p. of Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, BscThesis Estado de México: Mexico, Universidad arqueomagnético en el área de Tecamac, Physics, 51p. Autónoma deMexico, Mexico,of Thesis Bsc 2005, Teotihuacan: Universidad Nacional excavación Teopancazco la de estratigráfico Arqueomagnéticoscontrolcon depisos Physics, 65p. of Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, BscThesis y Templo Mayor: Mexico, Universidad habitacionales de Teotihuacan (Xalla) arqueomagnético de estucos de Zonas Archaeological Science, 38(2),408–419. tool for archaeomagnetic dating: Journal of Osete,Torta M.L., J.M.,Matlab2011, A 102, 753–756. dating: GeophysicalJournal International, archaeomagnetic of directions for the purpose separated remanence geographically e Historia:BscthesisinArchaeology,191 p. Mexico, EscuelaNacionaldeAntropologia perdido- Fechamientos arqueomagnéticos: Geodaetica, 55(2),329–342 Mesoamerica): Studia Geophysicaet archeologicalChapultepec site (western Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana Geológica Sociedad la de Boletín Straulino-Mainou, L., Sedov, S., Soler-Arechalde, Sternberg, R.S., McGuire, R.H.,1990, Schnepp, E.,Lanos, P., 2005,Archaeomagnetic Soler-Arechalde, A.M.,Orea, A., Caballero Soler-Arechalde, A.M.,Caballero Miranda, Soler-Arechalde,Barrera, A.M., A., Martínez Soler-Arechalde,Barrera, A.M., A., 2013b. Soler-Arechalde, A.M.,Barrera, A., Morales, R., Granados, S., Doménech-Carbó, M.T., Pi-Puig,A.M., T., Villa, G., Balanzario- Arizona Press, 199–225. University of Archaeomagnetic dating: Tucson, The in Eighmy J.L., Sternberg, R.S. (eds.), American Southwest, A.D. 700-1450, Archaeomagnetic Secular Variation in 163(2),479–490. International, past 2500years:Geophysical Journal secular variationduring the inGermany Physics, 80p. Mexico, of BscThesis UniversidadNacional Autónoma deMexico, Miranda, C.,2008b, Reporte de Fechamiento INAH, 6p. Project Leader of Technical report delivered to Excavation Arqueomagnético. Xochicalco 2006: C., 2008a,Reporte de Fechamiento INAH, 14p. of report delivered to Excavation Project Leader Coyoacán,Concepción, DF:Technical Arqueomagnética Templo de la Inmaculada 2013a, ReporteLongoria, A., de Datación INAH, 9p.Excavation Project Leaderof Mayor, D.F.: Technical Report delivered to Ofrenda 161, Plaza Manuel Gamio, Templo Reporte de Datación Arqueomagnética INAH, 21p. delivered toExcavation Project Leader of Templo Mayor, CDMX.Technical report 2012. Reporte de Datación arqueomagnética Dzibanché Case:Geosciences, 6(49),1–27. Technique, andArchitectural Function-The Archaeomagnetic Dating, Manufacturing Maya LimeMortars-Relationshipbetween Osete-Cortina, L., Leonard, D., 2016, /2019 517 517

Mexico-Mesoamerica archaeomagnetic data catalog REFERENCES Mexico-Mesoamerica archaeomagnetic data catalog REFERENCES 518 518 Soler-Arechalde,Sánchez,M., A. F., Rodríguez, Terán-Guerrero, A.G., 2013,Estudios Terán-Guerrero, A.G., Soler Arechalde A.M., / Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana Geológica Sociedad la de Boletín L., Tarling, D. H.,2006,Archaeomagnetic J.,A., Urrutia-Fucugauchi, Manzanilla, M., Caballero-Miranda, C.,Goguitchaishvili, INAH, 9p. Project Leaderof Technical report delivered to Excavation Arqueomagnético. Xochicalco 2007: arqueomagnéticos de en Ciudadela, Sierra Iberoamericana, 29,15–20. de las Navajas yXalasco:Arqueología en la Ciudadela de Teotihuacán, Sierra J., 2016,Dataciones arqueomagnéticas C., Morales, J., Urrutia-Fucugauchi, GogichaishviliCaballero-Miranda,A., Earth, Planets and Space, 58(10), 1433–1439. from plasters Teotihuacan, Mesoamerica: oriented pre-Columbian lime- investigation of /2019 Wolfman, D., 1990b, Mesoamerican Chronology Wolfman, D., 1990a,Archaeomagnetic Dating in J.,Urrutia-Fucugauchi, 1996, Paleomagnetic nvriyo Arizona Press, 237–260. University of (eds.), Archaeomagnetic dating: Tucson, The States-II, Adjacent Arkansasand the Border Areas of 177–196. 97, Interiors the Earth and Planetary of Physics Mexico: of flow, basin lava southern theXitle-Pedregal deSanAngel Studyof p. Mexico, Master thesis inEarth Sciences,155 Mexico, UniversidadNacional Autónoma de las Navajas yXalasco, Cultura Teotihuacana: Press, 261–308. Arizona dating: Tucson, University of The J.L., R.S. Sternberg (eds.), Archaeomagnetic and Archaeomagnetic A.D. 1-1200, in EighmyJ.L., R.S. Sternberg in Eighmy