Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands
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The Predominance of Wild-Animal Suffering Over Happiness: an Open
The Predominance of Wild-Animal Suffering over Happiness: An Open Problem Abstract I present evidence supporting the position that wild animals, taken as a whole, experience more suffering than happiness. This seems particularly true if, as is possible if not very likely, insects1 can suffer, since insects have lifespans of only a few weeks and are orders of magnitude more preponderate than other animals. I do not know what should be done about this problem, but I propose that further work on the subject might include • Continued study of whether insects are sentient, • Investigation of the effects (negative and positive) of various types of environ- mental destruction on wild-animal welfare, and • Research on ways to alleviate the pain endured by animals in the wild, especially that of insects and other small animals. Of course, even if wild-animal lives are generally worth living, efforts to reduce their suffering may still be worthwhile. I encourage readers to contact me with any insights into these issues: webmaster [\at"] utilitarian-essays.com 1 Introduction The fact that in nature one creature may cause pain to another, and even deal with it instinctively in the most cruel way, is a harsh mystery that weighs upon us as long as we live. One who has reached the point where he does not suffer ever again because of this has ceased to be a man. |Albert Schweitzer [31, Ch. 3] Many advocates of animal welfare assume that animals in the wild are, on the whole, happy. For instance, the site utilitarian.org includes a proposal to create a wildlife reserve, the main \Utility value" of which would come from \The value of life over death for the animals who will live there" [62]. -
Galápagos Natural History Extravaganza
GALÁPAGOS NATURAL HISTORY EXTRAVAGANZA 21 NOVEMBER – 02 DECEMBER 2021 20 NOVEMBER – 01 DECEMBER 2022 19 – 30 NOVEMBER 2023 Red-footed Booby is one of three booby species likely to be found on this trip. www.birdingecotours.com [email protected] 2 | ITINERARY Galapagos: Natural History Extravaganza Just 483 years ago the first man stepped onto the Galápagos Islands and marveled at this living laboratory. Today we continue to be awestruck by this constantly changing archipelago. As the Nazca Plate moves and new islands are formed, evolution is illustrated up close and personal. Visiting the Galápagos archipelago is a dream for all naturalists. From Quito we will fly to the island of Baltra. We then will make our way to our home for the next eight days, the Samba, a spacious and luxuriously designed motor sailing yacht with wide open and shaded sun decks, a fully stocked bar, and a library. The abundant marine life that visits these waters year-round, the Marine Iguanas that rule the rocky coastlines, and of course a unique group of birds make it easy to understand why this trip is a must for birders and natural history buffs. Some of the Galápagos specials that we hope to find on this trip include Galapagos Penguin, Waved Albatross, Galapagos Shearwater, Wedge-rumped and Elliot’s Storm Petrels, Magnificent Frigatebird, Nazca, Red-footed, and Blue-footed Boobies, Lava Heron, Galapagos Hawk, Lava Gull, Galapagos Martin, Galapagos Flycatcher, Vermilion Flycatcher, Galapagos, Floreana, San Cristobal, and Espanola Mockingbirds, Vegetarian Finch, Woodpecker Finch, Common Cactus Finch, Green Warbler-Finch, Large and Small Tree Finches, Small and Medium Ground Finches, and Mangrove Finch. -
Ecuador's Biodiversity Hotspots
Ecuador’s Biodiversity Hotspots Destination: Andes, Amazon & Galapagos Islands, Ecuador Duration: 19 Days Dates: 29th June – 17th July 2018 Exploring various habitats throughout the wonderful & diverse country of Ecuador Spotting a huge male Andean bear & watching as it ripped into & fed on bromeliads Watching a Eastern olingo climbing the cecropia from the decking in Wildsumaco Seeing ~200 species of bird including 33 species of dazzling hummingbirds Watching a Western Galapagos racer hunting, catching & eating a Marine iguana Incredible animals in the Galapagos including nesting flightless cormorants 36 mammal species including Lowland paca, Andean bear & Galapagos fur seals Watching the incredible and tiny Pygmy marmoset in the Amazon near Sacha Lodge Having very close views of 8 different Andean condors including 3 on the ground Having Galapagos sea lions come up & interact with us on the boat and snorkelling Tour Leader / Guides Overview Martin Royle (Royle Safaris Tour Leader) Gustavo (Andean Naturalist Guide) Day 1: Quito / Puembo Francisco (Antisana Reserve Guide) Milton (Cayambe Coca National Park Guide) ‘Campion’ (Wildsumaco Guide) Day 2: Antisana Wilmar (Shanshu), Alex and Erica (Amazonia Guides) Gustavo (Galapagos Islands Guide) Days 3-4: Cayambe Coca Participants Mr. Joe Boyer Days 5-6: Wildsumaco Mrs. Rhoda Boyer-Perkins Day 7: Quito / Puembo Days 8-10: Amazon Day 11: Quito / Puembo Days 12-18: Galapagos Day 19: Quito / Puembo Royle Safaris – 6 Greenhythe Rd, Heald Green, Cheshire, SK8 3NS – 0845 226 8259 – [email protected] Day by Day Breakdown Overview Ecuador may be a small country on a map, but it is one of the richest countries in the world in terms of life and biodiversity. -
Lista Oficial PN
Nombre científico Inglés Español Crypturellus souiC Little Tinamou Tinamú Chico Crypturellus cinnamomeusR Thicket Tinamou Tinamú Canelo Dendrocygna autumnalis Black-bellied Whistling-Duck Pijije Común Cairina moschata Muscovy Duck Pato Real Ortalis vetula Plain Chachalaca Chachalaca Olivácea Penelope purpurascens Crested Guan Pava Crestada Crax rubra Great Curassow Pavón Grande Colinus cristatus Crested Bobwhite Codorniz Crestada Tachybaptus dominicus Least Grebe Zambullidor Enano Ardenna creatopus Pink-footed Shearwater Pardela Blanca Común Ardenna pacificus Wedge-tailed Shearwater Pardela Colicuña Ardenna grisea Sooty Shearwater Pardela Sombría Puffinus nativitatis Christmas Shearwater Pardela de Navidad, Pardela de Christmas Puffinus subalaris Galapagos Shearwater Pardela de las Galápagos Puffinus opisthomelas Black-vented Shearwater Pardela Culinegra Oceanodroma leucorhoa Leach's Storm-Petrel Paiño de Leach Oceanodroma tethys Wedge-rumped Storm-Petrel Paiño Danzarin Oceanodroma melania Black Storm-Petrel Paiño Negro Oceanodroma microsoma Least Storm-Petrel Paiño Menudo Phaethon aethereus Red-billed Tropicbird Rabijunco Piquirrojo Mycteria americana Wood Stork Cigüeñón Fregata magnificens Magnificent Frigatebird Rabihorcado Magno Sula dactylatra Masked Booby Piquero Blanco Sula granti Nazca Booby Piquero de Nazca AOCR Sula nebouxiiC Blue-footed Booby Piquero Patiazul Sula variegta Peruvian Booby Piquero Peruano Sula leucogasterR Brown Booby Piquero Moreno Sula sula Red-footed Booby Piquero Patirrojo Phalacrocorax brasilianus Neotropic -
A Teacher's Resource Guide to Galapagos
Teacher’s Resource Guide Teacher’s Resource Guide to Acknowledgments A Teacher’s Resource Guide to Galapagos was cre- SCIENCE AND CURRICULUM ADVISORS: ated by the National Science Teachers Dr. Carole Baldwin, Smithsonian Institution, Association, Special Publications, 1840 Wilson Washington, DC Blvd., Arlington, VA 22201-3000, with funding Sue Cassidy, Bishop McNamara High School, generously provided by the National Science Forestville, MD Foundation and the Smithsonian Institution. Dr. Robert Hoffmann, Smithsonian Institution, This material copyright © 2000 Smithsonian Washington, DC Institution and Imax Ltd. All rights reserved. Sue Mander, Imax Ltd., Toronto, Canada IMAX® and AN IMAX EXPERIENCE® are registered trademarks of Imax Corporation. Laura McKie, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC WRITER: Richard Benz, Wickliffe High School, Dr. David Pawson, Smithsonian Institution, Wickliffe, OH Washington, DC EDITOR: Erin Miller, National Science Teachers Sharon Radford, Paideia School, Atlanta, GA Association Dr. Irwin Slesnick, Western Washington DIRECTOR OF SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS: University, Bellingham, WA Shirley Watt Ireton, National Science Teachers Dr. John Weld, Oklahoma State University, Association Stillwater, OK Dr. Don Wilson, Smithsonian Institution, Table of Contents Washington, DC Sponsored by America Online Inc., the Introduction for Teachers . 3 Smithsonian Institution and Imax Ltd. present in Film Synopsis . 3 association with the National Science Foundation, Pre-Screening Discussion . 3 a Mandalay Media Arts production Galapagos. Where in the World? . 4 Adventuring in the Archipelago . 5 EXECUTIVE PRODUCERS: Laurence P. Adventuring in Your Own Backyard . 8 O’Reilly, Andrew Gellis, Peter Guber, Barry Clark How Did Life Get to the Galápagos? . 10 PRODUCERS/DIRECTORS: Al Giddings and Current Events in the Ocean . 11 David Clark Hot Side Hot, Cool Side Cool . -
Galapagos Islands Fact Sheet Galapagos Islands Fact Sheet
GALAPAGOS ISLANDS FACT SHEET GALAPAGOS ISLANDS FACT SHEET INTRODUCTION The Galapagos Islands are located west of Ecuador and are renowned for being the home to a vast array of fascinating species of wildlife, including lava lizards, the giant tortoise as well as red and blue-footed boobies. They are one of the world’s foremost destinations for wildlife viewing, many of the plant and animal species being found nowhere else in the world. Located at the confluence of three ocean currents and surrounded by a marine reserve, the islands abound with marine species. The Galapagos Islands, of which there are 19 main islands, are an archipelago of volcanic islands in the Pacific Ocean. They lay either side of the Equator and 1,000km west of the South American continent and mainland Ecuador of which they are a part. The islands were formed as a result of processes caused by volcanic and seismic activity. These processes along with the isolation of the islands resulted in the development of unusual animal life. Charles Darwin’s visit to the islands in 1835 was the inspiration for his theory of evolution by natural selection. The largest island Isabela, measures 5,827 square kilometres and accounts for nearly three quarters of the total land area of the Galapagos. Volcan Wolf on Isabela is the highest point of the Galapagos at 1,707m above sea level. GALAPAGOS ISLANDS FACT SHEET CLIMATE The Galapagos Islands have a subtropical and dry climate with comfortable temperatures year-round. The warmest months are usually from December to June (high season) and this is the recommended time to visit. -
Galapagos News
GALAPAGOS NEWS Fall-Winter 2015 NEW GIANT Flamingo Origins TORTOISE Disappearing SPECIES Opuntia Cacti NAMED! PROJECT UPDATES: Tortoises on Santa Fe Plans for Tortoises in 2016 Education for Sustainability PHOTOGRAPHING GALAPAGOS PHOTO CONTEST WINNERS! GALAPAGOS GIFTS ON SALE: GALAPAGOS CALENDAR 2016 www.galapagos.org Johannah Barry and a Galapagos National Park ranger, Freddy Villalva, watch feeding time for baby tortoises that reside at the Tortoise Center on Santa Cruz. © Ros Cameron, Galapagos Conservancy FROM THE PRESIDENT Johannah Barry CONTENTS nce again, we are delighted to share big news about big tortoises! With support from 3 GC Membership OGalapagos Conservancy, our colleagues at Yale University have embarked on an Galapagos Guardians ambitious program of genetic testing and identification of previously unidentified Galapagos 4-5 Galapagos News tortoises. That painstaking work was rewarded with the discovery of a new species of 6-7 The Mystery of the Galapagos tortoise — the Eastern Santa Cruz tortoise. Dr. Gisella Caccone, the study’s senior Disappearing Opuntia author, named the tortoise Chelonoidis donfaustoi after Fausto Llerena Sanchez, or "Don 8-9 In the Pink: Flamingos Fausto" as he is known by his friends. His 43-year history as a Galapagos National Park ranger 10-11 A Photographer's View also included a long relationship with Lonesome George as his primary keeper. This naming honors Don Fausto and celebrates the important work of the keepers and Park rangers whose from the Crater Rim work is indispensable to protecting and preserving Galapagos. 12-13 Galapagos Updates: We are pleased to highlight the work of long-time Galapagos scientists, Frank Sulloway Photo Contest, Desktop and Bob Tindle, whose seminal work on cactus ecology and flamingo population health have Wallpaper, SETECI, BBB spanned four decades. -
Observations on the Breeding and Distribution of Lava Gull Leucophaeus Fuliginosus K
Cotinga 37 Observations on the breeding and distribution of Lava Gull Leucophaeus fuliginosus K. Thalia Grant, Olivia H. Estes and Gregory B. Estes Received 7 January 2014; final revision accepted 3 December 2014 Cotinga 37 (2015): OL 22–37 published online 10 March 2015 La Gaviota de Lava Leucophaeus fuliginosus, endémica del archipiélago de Galápagos, es la gaviota más rara del mundo, cuyos hábitos de reproducción son poco conocidos. En los años 2011 y 2012 se observó anidación en la isla Genovesa en densidades mayores a las reportadas previamente en Galápagos. Las parejas reproductoras fueron muy territoriales, defendiendo áreas de hasta 70 m de diámetro contra coespecíficos. Las hembras fueron más agresivas que los machos frente a los intrusos de otras especias percibidos como una amenaza. La nidada de 1–2 huevos fue incubada por ambos miembros de la pareja en turnos de dos horas. Los polluelos salieron del nido 4–5 días después de la eclosión, seleccionando lugares en el territorio más protegidos a los cuales retornaron regularmente para descansar. Los adultos reproductores fueron depredadores oportunistas, alimentando a sus crías principalmente con huevos y polluelos de aves marinas y peces robados de las mismas aves. Reconocemos una relación parasítica entre la cleptoparásita Fragata Real Fregata magnificens y la Gaviota de Lava, y sospechamos que este es el medio principal por el cual en esta isla las gaviotas adquieren los peces que comen. Presentamos datos sobre las comunicaciones entre los padres y la cría, proporcionamos la primera serie de fotografías del desarrollo del polluelo de Gaviota de Lava y describimos una característica en el plumaje de los adultos que no ha sido descrita previamente. -
Caribbean Ornithology
The Journal of Caribbean Ornithology RESEARCH ARTICLE Vol. 31:38–47. 2018 New sightings of melanistic Green Herons (Butorides virescens) in the Caribbean suggest overlooked polymorphism Jacob R. Drucker Ruth E. Bennett Lila K. Fried Mona L. Kazour Darin J. McNeil, Jr. Photo: Ruth E. Bennett The Journal of Caribbean Ornithology jco.birdscaribbean.org ISSN 1544-4953 RESEARCH ARTICLE Vol. 31:38–47. 2018 www.birdscaribbean.org New sightings of melanistic Green HeronsButorides ( virescens) in the Caribbean suggest overlooked polymorphism Jacob R. Drucker1, Ruth E. Bennett2,3, Lila K. Fried4, Mona L. Kazour5, and Darin J. McNeil, Jr.2,6 Abstract Intraspecific variation in animal coloration arises from the expression of heritable genes under different selection pressures and stochastic processes. Documenting patterns of intraspecific color variation is an important first step to under- standing the mechanisms that determine species appearance. Within the heron genus Butorides, plumage coloration varies across space, among distinct taxonomic groups, and within polymorphic populations. The melanistic Lava Heron (B. striata sundevalli) of the Galápagos has been the subject of considerable taxonomic confusion and debate, while an erythristic morph of Green Heron (B. virescens) has been largely overlooked in recent literature. Here we report a new sighting of three melanistic individuals of Green Heron from Útila, Bay Islands, Honduras, in February 2017. In light of our discovery, we conducted a review of aberrantly plumaged Green Herons and present evidence for the existence of two previously unrecognized color morphs, both primarily found in coastal mangroves of the western Caribbean region. We are the first to formally describe a melanistic morph of Green Heron and discuss the widespread and highly variable erythristic morph within the context of a color-polymor- phic Green Heron. -
Assam Extension I 17Th to 21St March 2015 (5 Days)
Trip Report Assam Extension I 17th to 21st March 2015 (5 days) Greater Adjutant by Glen Valentine Tour leaders: Glen Valentine & Wayne Jones Trip report compiled by Glen Valentine Trip Report - RBT Assam Extension I 2015 2 Top 5 Birds for the Assam Extension as voted by tour participants: 1. Pied Falconet 4. Ibisbill 2. Greater Adjutant 5. Wedge-tailed Green Pigeon 3. White-winged Duck Honourable mentions: Slender-billed Vulture, Swamp Francolin & Slender-billed Babbler Tour Summary: Our adventure through the north-east Indian subcontinent began in the bustling city of Guwahati, the capital of Assam province in north-east India. We kicked off our birding with a short but extremely productive visit to the sprawling dump at the edge of town. Along the way we stopped for eye-catching, introductory species such as Coppersmith Barbet, Purple Sunbird and Striated Grassbird that showed well in the scopes, before arriving at the dump where large frolicking flocks of the endangered and range-restricted Greater Adjutant greeted us, along with hordes of Black Kites and Eastern Cattle Egrets. Eastern Jungle Crows were also in attendance as were White Indian One-horned Rhinoceros and Citrine Wagtails, Pied and Jungle Mynas and Brown Shrike. A Yellow Bittern that eventually showed very well in a small pond adjacent to the dump was a delightful bonus, while a short stroll deeper into the refuse yielded the last remaining target species in the form of good numbers of Lesser Adjutant. After our intimate experience with the sought- after adjutant storks it was time to continue our journey to the grassy plains, wetlands, forests and woodlands of the fabulous Kaziranga National Park, our destination for the next two nights. -
Western Birds
WESTERN BIRDS Vol. 49, No. 4, 2018 Western Specialty: Golden-cheeked Woodpecker Second-cycle or third-cycle Herring Gull at Whiting, Indiana, on 25 January 2013. The inner three primaries on each wing of this bird appear fresher than the outer primaries. They may represent the second alternate plumage (see text). Photo by Desmond Sieburth of Los Angeles, California: Golden-cheeked Woodpecker (Melanerpes chrysogenys) San Blas, Nayarit, Mexico, 30 December 2016 Endemic to western mainland Mexico from Sinaloa south to Oaxaca, the Golden-cheeked Woodpecker comprises two well-differentiated subspecies. In the more northern Third-cycle (or possibly second-cycle) Herring Gull at New Buffalo, Michigan, on M. c. chrysogenys the hindcrown of both sexes is largely reddish with only a little 14 September 2014. Unlike the other birds illustrated on this issue’s back cover, in this yellow on the nape, whereas in the more southern M. c. flavinuchus the hindcrown is individual the pattern of the inner five primaries changes gradually from feather to uniformly yellow, contrasting sharply with the forehead (red in the male, grayish white feather, with no abrupt contrast. Otherwise this bird closely resembles the one on the in the female). The subspecies intergrade in Nayarit. Geographic variation in the outside back cover, although the prealternate molt of the other body and wing feathers Golden-cheeked Woodpecker has not been widely appreciated, perhaps because so many has not advanced as far. birders and ornithologists are familiar with the species from San Blas, in the center of Photos by Amar Ayyash the zone of intergradation. Volume 49, Number 4, 2018 The 42nd Annual Report of the California Bird Records Committee: 2016 Records Guy McCaskie, Stephen C. -
Alpha Codes for 2168 Bird Species (And 113 Non-Species Taxa) in Accordance with the 62Nd AOU Supplement (2021), Sorted Taxonomically
Four-letter (English Name) and Six-letter (Scientific Name) Alpha Codes for 2168 Bird Species (and 113 Non-Species Taxa) in accordance with the 62nd AOU Supplement (2021), sorted taxonomically Prepared by Peter Pyle and David F. DeSante The Institute for Bird Populations www.birdpop.org ENGLISH NAME 4-LETTER CODE SCIENTIFIC NAME 6-LETTER CODE Highland Tinamou HITI Nothocercus bonapartei NOTBON Great Tinamou GRTI Tinamus major TINMAJ Little Tinamou LITI Crypturellus soui CRYSOU Thicket Tinamou THTI Crypturellus cinnamomeus CRYCIN Slaty-breasted Tinamou SBTI Crypturellus boucardi CRYBOU Choco Tinamou CHTI Crypturellus kerriae CRYKER White-faced Whistling-Duck WFWD Dendrocygna viduata DENVID Black-bellied Whistling-Duck BBWD Dendrocygna autumnalis DENAUT West Indian Whistling-Duck WIWD Dendrocygna arborea DENARB Fulvous Whistling-Duck FUWD Dendrocygna bicolor DENBIC Emperor Goose EMGO Anser canagicus ANSCAN Snow Goose SNGO Anser caerulescens ANSCAE + Lesser Snow Goose White-morph LSGW Anser caerulescens caerulescens ANSCCA + Lesser Snow Goose Intermediate-morph LSGI Anser caerulescens caerulescens ANSCCA + Lesser Snow Goose Blue-morph LSGB Anser caerulescens caerulescens ANSCCA + Greater Snow Goose White-morph GSGW Anser caerulescens atlantica ANSCAT + Greater Snow Goose Intermediate-morph GSGI Anser caerulescens atlantica ANSCAT + Greater Snow Goose Blue-morph GSGB Anser caerulescens atlantica ANSCAT + Snow X Ross's Goose Hybrid SRGH Anser caerulescens x rossii ANSCAR + Snow/Ross's Goose SRGO Anser caerulescens/rossii ANSCRO Ross's Goose