Dhananjayarao Gadgil Librat} 1111111 mlll~~ mil 11111111~ ~II aD GIPE-PUNE-000492 Private Letters of the Marquess of Dalhousie THE MARQUESS OF DALHOUSIE. K.T. (From a Painting OJ! Sir 7. Watson Gordl"" B.A., 1847.) Private Letters\ of the Marquess':~ of Dalhousie
EDItED BY J. G. A. BAIRD
WITH PORTRAITS AND ILLUSTRATIONS
SECOND IMPRESSION .', ,.
William Blackwood and Sons Edinburgh and London . . 19 11
ALL RIGHTS RESERYED V 2. / L . /'rJ~'--,w I Lj ~I 4~L INTRODUCTION.
By a codicil to his will~ couched in solemn words, the Marquess of Dalhousie forbade the. publication of his private papers until a period of fifty years had passed from the time of his death. Those fifty years have come and gone, and there appears to ,be no reason why the present generation should be, any' longer denied the privilege of looking' more closely into the career, and seeing more clearly the character,.:of a man whose life is an. enduring example of talent devoted to the service of his country, and of duty done to the utmost, with full knowledge of the consequences to himself which t!lat utmost would surely bring. Fully to understand the character of a great man whose life has become pah of a nation's history, and the motives which governed his actions; clearly to discern the secret of his success or of his failure, and. to perceive where human nature triumphed or was overcome by force of will, needs something more than 'i mere chronicle of his actions and their results, near or remote. This need is supplied in some cases by autobiography or confessions; in others, by diaries or private letters.' The letters contained in ,this volume were written by Lord Dalhousie to Sir George Couper, Bart., his oldest and dearest friend, though twenty-four years his senior. Captain Couper of the 92nd Highlanders, as he then was, had been A.D.C. to his father, General the Earl of Dalhousie, in the Peninsula, 1812-1814, and won promotion at Vittoria. He vi INTRODl'CTION.
then served in the American 'Var, and was present at the battle of New Orleans, after which he rejoined his General's staff in Nova Scotia, subsequently serving on that of Sir James Kempt. who succeeded him. and whose name is frequently mentioned in the correspondence. He was military secretary to Lord Durham, Governor-General of Canada, and aftenvards Comptroller of the Household and E Charles and William seldom or never forgave, or showed forbearance to any who crossed their path; to interfere with one was to injure both-an unpardonable offence. Though they have long rested in peace, their writings survive, and the prestige of the hero of Miani, and the historian of the Peninsular War, give a seeming authority to their statements, which have too long held the field. Lord Dalhousie despised their personal abuse but could . not ignore their attacks on his public policy, insisting only that, provided his case were fully stated, .the questions at issue should be left to the public judgment. He clearly saw the chief failing of the brothers, and, writing to another friend in 1857, .described it.in'the following words: "These two N apiers. were vineyards on a volcano. They would have been gay an~ genial but for the perpetual flames bursting out and scorching 'and 'blasting all that was good in them." The main object of publishing these letters be~ng to show Lord Dalhousie not only as a Governor-Gerieral but as a man-to let him display his real nature and true character passages trivial in themselves have. been allowed to stand: On the other hand, many allusions to his ,health, only written because of the constant and anxious inquiries made by Sir George Couper, have been freely omitted; but enough have been left to show how the greater part of his life in india was a continual struggle against pain, weak ness, and disease. Omitted also have been many repliea to a father anxious for the future of his two sons, both in the service of the East India Company, one a civilian, the other a soldier. Those that remain prove that Lord Dalhousie would not show favour to the sons' of his oldest .friend unless they desC:,rved it. Under him there was only one road to employment and promotion-by merit, and merit alone. Of the two, George, the elder, ended his distin guished Indian career as Lieutenant-Governor of the N.-W. Provinces, and James rose to high rank in the Indian Army. During the period 1837-1848, when Lord Dalhousie was viii INTRODUCTION. much in London, the letters were neither numerous nor important-there were other means of communication; but after his arrival in India he wrote by every mail except when at sea. Easily read, they were evidently written rapidly and without hesitation, and there are few correc tions. The spelling of proper names according to the method then in vogue has been left as it stood, except wh~n uniformity seemed desirable. Notes have been inserted in the text for th"e. convenience of readers wherever possible, and for their assistance a brief ,sketch of the life of the future Governor- General up to th~ time of his departure for India is here appended. Fuller particulars will be found in • The Life of the Marquis of Dalhousie,' by Sir William ~ee- Warner, K.C.S.L, published inlg04. ' James Andrew Broun Ramsay, third son of George, ninth Earl of Dalhousie, was born at Dalhousie Castle on April 22nd, 1812. His father, a distinguished soldier and a high~minded honourable man, rose to high rank and position in his country's service. He commanded the 7th Division in the Peninsular War, 1812-18I4, sharing' in the crowning triumph ofVittoria; was afterwards Lieut. - Governor of Nova Scotia, Captain-General and Governor-in-Chief of Canad~, and ended his public career as Commander-in-Chief in India. His mother, Christian Broun, only child of Charles Broun of Coistoun, in East Lothian, was a' woman in whom great natural gifts were combined with an unusual variety of acquirements. Never was a son more blest in his parents; never were the characters of parents more faith fully reflected in that of a son. From them he inherited those qualities which formed the foundations of his own character, .carried him through many an hour of stress and difficulty, and enabled him to bear with fortitude the pain and grief which formed a great part of the burden of his life. At an early age he displayed qualities which distinguished him in after life. His mother perceived them when he was but eight years old. She writes to a (fiend: .. 1em is the INTRODUCTION. ix most steady little personage that ever was. If Mr T. is out, James is in the schoolroom at the propet: hour-his lessons always prepared before he goes to play, because then, he says, he has nothing to think of. He is certainly a quick child, though not particularly so, but has the best arranged, clearest head I ever met with. Even in common conversa.~ tion no sophism will entrap him-he at once places every thing in its proper place. In short, if it please God to spare him, he seeJ::qJ; to be a ,heaven-born judge." Poor mother, fated not to see the fulfilment of his early promise, she died at the very outset of his career. ' The Mr T. alluded to above was his tutor, the Rev. W. Temple, who guided his studies until the, time came for him to enter a p~blic school." In 1825 he went to Harrow, to the house of Dr Butler, the headmaster. The Rev~ H. Drury, D.D., better known there as Harry Drury, a famous scholar in his day, was his classical teacher, and gave him a preference for Greek and Latin over "every other branch of learning-mathematics he always hated. At Harrow he remained for two years, leaving at the end of 1827. ,Sir Wm. Lee-Warner says, on the authority of his diary, that he was removed, and hints at irregularities and idleness as a cause of anxiety to his relations and Mr Temple. • It may have been so, but neither in Dr Bufler's and Mr Temple's letters to his father, nor to each other, is there anything but praise of his conduct and acquirements. He himself writes to his father in December 1827: "I left Harrow for good on the 6th of this month, and after all the wishes for leaving which I have expressed to you, perhaps you will not believe me if I say that I was exceedingly sorry when I did go., I have got on exceedingly well, though perhaps I have not done very much: I had two exercises read over besides my farewell, which is more than the head of the schooL had." The letters in which he expressed his wish to leave are missing, and so his reasons for so wishing must for the, present, at anyrate, remain in doubt. After leaving Harrow he resumed his studies under Mr Temple until he went to Christchurch in 1829, where four years later he took a B.A. x INTRODUCTION. degree, having been prevented from trying for honours by tl)e loss of a term owing to the illness and death of his beloved brother, Lord Ramsay, whom he attended till the end, and whose title he then assumed, his second brother, Charles, having died long before. Soon after leaving Oxford he entered public life as candidate for Edinburgh at the election of 1835, when he was defeated. In the following year he married Lady Susan Hay, eldest daughter of the eighth Marquis of Tweeddale, whose. death when nearing the shores of England on her voyage home in 1i353 was the supreme trial of his life. In 1837 he was elected Member of Parliament for East Lothian, which event is the subject of the first letter, and took his seat in November of that year. Next March his father died while he was hurrying north from Westminster, whither his duty to his constituents had summoned him from the deathbed. Though deeply grieved, he regarded the death of his father, who was sixty-eight, and whose health had completely failed, as a happy release; but within a year, in January 1839, he was sorely tried by the death of his mother, who, apparently in perfect health and only fifty-three, died suddenly in Edinburgh in the house of Dean Ramsay. In the same year he became a member of the General Assembly of\ the Church of Scotland, and took part in the proceedings which led to the Disrup tion, but when Dr Chalmers's motion in favour of congre gational veto was carried he felt it his duty to resign his membership. He soon began to take a prominent part in debate in the House of Lords, and in January 1843 received· his first public appointment as Captain of Deal Castle from the Duke of Wellington. In May, Sir Robert Peel gave him the post of Vice-President of the Board of Trade, under Mr Gladstone,-an office which brought with it more than enough of exacting labour, for, in addition to its ordinary business, there fell upon his shoulders the task of dealing with the flood of Railway bills which then inundated Parliament. Early in 1845, when Gladstone left the Government, he was offered and accepted the Presi- INTRODUCTION. xi dency. At the end of lhat year Peel resigned, but soon after returned to office, and Lord Dalhousie went back to the Board of Trade with a seat in the Cabinet-in his thirty-fourth year. When Peel again resigned, in June 1846, he was offered by Lord John Russell a seat in his Cabinet, which he declined, as he did a subsequent offer of the Presidency of a Railway Board, about to be formed, with a salary of £2000 a-year. This appointment he declined, though a comparatively poor man, because of a condition attached to it which interfered with his liberty of political action. In Opposition he remained until, in July 1847: Lord Hardinge resigned the post of Governor-General of" India, which was offered to and accepted by him. The warrant of appointment was signed by the Queen on the loth of August, and with his wife Lord Dalhousie embarked for India on November lIth, landing at Calcutta on January 12th, 1848. He was then not quite thirty-six. LIST OF PORTRAITS._ PAGB THE MARQUESS OF DALHOUSIE, K.T•• Fro"lisp,ece (From apainlingIy Sir J. WATSON GORDON, R.A., 11147.) GENERAL THE EARL OF DALHOUSIE, G.C.B. . Toface 4 (From a painli~ Iy Sir J. WATSON GoRDON, R.A.) CHRISTIAN, COUNTESS OF DALHOUSIE. 6 (From apailllingiy Sir J. WATSON GoRDON, R.A.) " MOOLRAJ 24 (From a _ter-eolour dra'lDi"g Iy C. GRANT.) " RAJAH SHERE SINGH 34 (F,.OIII a flJaier-eolO1l" dra'lDing Iy C. GRANT.) " SIRDAR CHUTTER SINGH 44 (From a waier-eolbur drawing Iy C. GRANT.) , " SIR CHARLES NAPIER (KICKING UP A DUST) " 104 THE MARCHIONESS OF DALHOUSIE 256 (F""", a pai"ting 6y G. RICHMOND.) " THE MARQUESS OF DALHOUSIE ON .. MAHARAJAH .. ENTERING CAMP AT CAWNPORE, 1852 " 264 (From a d,.awing Iy G. F. ATKINSON.) MAHARAJAH DULEEP SINGH " 320 (F",,,. a pai"ting Iy G. BEECHEY. I8S2.) "MINNA .. " 388 (F""", a pai"ting Iy GoURLAY STEEL, R.S.A.) APPENDIX A MILITARY GAZETTE. PRESENTATION 01' TROPHY GUNS TO LORD DALHOUSIE BY LORD GOUGH.l My LoRD,-I should haft regretted the absence 01 a military display this e'f'eIling had DOt Lady DaIhoosie and your Lordship belly aa:eded to my wishes by meetiDg the society 01 Simla fOe the purpose of receiving these trophies. which I now beg to present to your Lord· ship in the name and OIl the behalf 01 the army of the Punjab. Your Lordship has publicly reaxded your sense 01 the merits and serrices of that army dnriDg the recent campaign., coocluded by the aowning vicmry of Goc:Ijerat. when these trophies rewarded their deYOCioo. Your Lordship's aa:eptana: of them has added aD'.)ther tie benreeD the head 01 the Gmanment and the army, and which. will be sensibly felL ADd DOW, my Lord. that the link which has so loog mUted me to that army will shortly be seftI'ed. I take this opportunity, from long experieDCle, coofidently to assure your Lordship that wbeneftl' the hoooar of their Sovereign. the good 01 their country, 01' the mainten ance of the SIlpn:macy of British rule in India shall ~uire their serrices, the Indian Army will DObIy respcmd to your Lordship's call. and, as I assured your Lordship in ODe of my letten in the early part of the n:a:nt campaigD. the anDy of India will proceed. as they have ever done. conquering and to c::onquer'. May health and prosperity attend your Lordship in the noble positioo JOB hold. representing an honoured Sovereign. and presiding mel" the destinies of a mighty Empire, enlarged UDder your Lordship's rule .by what I CXJI!6dently predict will be the brightest gem in our I~ possessioos and now may yom: Lordship and the Countess olDalhousie. when you retuna to the castle of your ancestors. be oft reminded by ~ lefabefating sound of these trophies 01 the deeds 01 the armyGfIudia.. 1 See page 79- 430 APPENDIX A. THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL'S REPLY. My LORD,-It would be difficult for me, without the appearance of exaggeration, to give full expression to the feelings with which I receive the gift that, on behalfofthe army under your command, your Excellency has done me the honour of presenting to me. I accept the gift with the utmost gratification and pride; and if, the period of my service passed, I should live to return to my own home, I shall place these trophies under my roof-tree, where they will recall to those who may hereafter fill my place the triumphs of a British army and the memory of that eventful period through which we have passed. The gratification which your Lordship has thus given me is greatly enhanced by the ·opportunity which it affords me of offering to your Excellency, and the gallant army under your command, my most hearty congratulations on the glorious termination of the war in which we have been engaged. . After a long career of honourable and distinguished service, it has been your Lordship's lot twice to conduct the operations of war against an enemy, than which none more formidable, more skilful, more full of soldierly qualities, has ever met us on the field of India. Twice it has been your Lordship's privilege to conclude our wars against the Sikhs by their entire and utter defeat; and on this occasion by a humiliation so complete, that in almost the .literal sense of the classical phrase they have been compelled, subdued, and disarmed to pass beneath the yoke. My Lord, I do not speak these words merely to serve the passing purpose of the moment, or to repay by compliment the honour you have done me to-night, but that I may personally and in all sincerity express to you the deep and abiding sense I entertain of the conspic uous services which your Excellency and the army under your command have lately rendered to the State. Let me add that the confidence which your Lordship, from long experience, assures me I may repose in the services of the army in India has always been firmly rooted in my mind. I entertained that confidence when first I set my foot in India-it has never for one moment been shaken by the tremour of a doubt-and it leads me now to rest with full reliance on the belief that, whenever the call may be made, the army in India will show in the time to come the same gallantry, the same endurance and fortitude which they have displayed in times past, and that they will ever maintain at the highest point the honour of the colours under which they serve. . Long may you live, my Lord-and it is a wish which I am very certain all who have been associated with you, or over whom you have exercised command, will cordially echo-long may you live to rest upon the honours which in connection with the army of India you have achieved for yourself-long may you live to enjoy the best and richest reward to which any servant of the public, whether soldier or states- ~PPENDIX B. 43 1 man, can aspire j mean, the consciousness that with integrity of motive and in singleness of purpose he has laboured, his life long, honourably and faithfully to do his duty to his Sovereign and to his country. APPENDIX B. • THE BOMBAY TIMES' publishes the following draft Memorial relating to the Punjab prize money ;- TO THE QUEEN'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY IN COUNCIL. The Humble Petition of the undersigned Officers of her Majesty's and of the East India Company's service engaged in the last campaign in the Punjab. Sheweth,-That your Majesty's Royal predecessor, King George the 2nd, did by his Royal Letters Patent, dated the 14th of February 17S8, grant to the East India Company booty taken from the enemy when the forces of the East India Company alone were employed, but expressly saved his prerogative Royal to distribute such booty in such manner and proportions as he should see fit in all cases wpere any forces of his Majesty, his heirs and successors, should act in conjunc tion with those of the East India Company, that in the hitherto unquestioned exercise of the Royal prerogative so saved, your Majesty's Royal predecessors have, as the several occa~ions occurred, so dis tributed as they thought fit the booty taken from the enemy by the Royal forces acting in conjunction with those' of the East India Com pany. And recently your Majesty was graciously pleased to grant to the army engaged in the operations against the Ameers of Scinde, the plunder taken from those chiefs, reserving only therefrom for your Majesty the battIe-axe of Nadir Shah; that during the last campaign in the Punjaub booty to a large amount was, in the course of actual hostilities, taken from the enemy. That taken at Moultan being the property of the Lahore State, and other booty taken elsewhere being at the time of capture the property either of the Lahore State or of the chiefs and officers and others then in arms against the British Govern ment. That on the 3rd of October 1848, the Secretary to the Govern ment of India, in a letter to the Resilient at Lahore, ~ta!ed that ~e was desired to intimate to him that the Governor-General In CounCil con sidered the State of Lahore to be to all intents and purposes directly at war with the British Government. That on the loth of July 432 APPENDIX B. preceding a combined force of your Majesty's and the East India Company'!! troops was directed to move from Lahore against Mooltan, where two British officers had been murdered, with the complicity of the Dewan Moolraj, on the 19th of April, and that soon after that event hostilities commenced, and were uninterruptedly carried on, between irregular troops under the direction of British officers and the troops of the Dewan Mooiraj, who never ceased to profess allegiance .to the Maharajah of Lahore. That on the 17th of September 1848 the Resident at Lahore took possession of the Citadel and the property of the State, and made efficient arrangements for the security of the person of the Maharajah, the troops employed being your Majesty's 53rd Regiment, under the command of Brigadier Campbell, C.B. That this operation took place nearly five months after the commencement of hostilities with the Dewan Moolraj, and only a few days before the date of the letter above referred to, whereby the Governor-General in Council declared that he considered the Lahore State to be at war with the British Government, which letter, written at Calcutta on the 3rd of October, must have been founded upon the same information which induced the Resident at Lahore to take possession of the Citadel and of the State property, and to secure the person of the Maharajah on the 17th of September. That this seizure of the Citadel of Lahore and of the State property was an act of war, and if it were not so, still, the immediately subsequent declaration of the Governor-General in Council, that he considered the State of Lahore to be at war with the British Government, would have a retrospective effect, and give to the State property then seized that character, and subject it to all the conditions of booty taken from the enemy, that therefore as well the State property seized at Lahore on the 17th of September as the booty taken at Mooltan and elsewhere in the course of actual hostilities belonged to your Majesty in right of your prerogative Royal, and was by your Majesty alone to be distrib uted or disposed of as your Majesty might think fit. That neverthe less, on the 7th of April 1849, the Governor-General informed the Secret Committee of the Court of Directors that, in liquidation of the accumulated debt due to the Indian Government by the State of Lahore, and for the expenses of the war, he had confiscated the pro perty of the State to the use of the East India Company, that from this confiscation, however, he had excluded the Koh-i-Noor, which, in token of submission, had been surrendered by the Maharajah of Lahore to the Queen of England, titus appropriating to lite Easl India Com pany property wlticlt belonged to your Majesty, with the exception of the Koh-i-Noor, which was equally the property of your Majesty, bul wlticlt your Majesty was made to appear to receive only 6y lite surrender a/tlte Maltarajalt~· that the person of the Maharajah had been placed in security by your Majesty'S troops, when the Citadel of Lahore was taken possession of on the 14th of September 1848, and had ever since so continued. That the Governor-General had declared, in a note read in Durbar at Lahore on the 29th March 1849, that he had resolved on declaring the British Sovereignty in the Punjaub, and upon the entire APPENDIX C. 433 subjection of the Seikh nation, that he regretted he should be com pelled to depose from his throne a descendant of Maharajah Runjeel Singh j but the sovereign of every State is responsible for and must be affected by the acts of his people over whom he reigns. That on the 26th of March the Governor-General had instructed Mr Elliot, the Secretary to the Government of India, to proceed to Lahore and to offer certain terms to the Maharajah, but whether those terms were accepted or not, to issue a proclamation, then enclosed, which was accordingly afterwards published on the 29th of March, wherein it was declared and proclaimed that the kingdom of the Punjaub was at an end. Tllat tire MaJrarajall, uNier tlrese cinumsta,,&es, &ould "01 exercise _y /J07lIW as _ i~ Sovenign, of agreei"g to tire &O"jis&atitm of tire fwoPerty of tire State, or of surre1uJeri"g any jorhim of SU&II fro jJerly to yOlW Majesty, tmd least of all &ou/d lie exercise SU&II /JoWers over fwoPerty 'WlUcll a/nady IJelonpd to yOlW Majesty, in riglll of yOlW Royal jJrerogative as booty taken from an enemy. That, therefore, the undersigned Officers of your Majesty's and of the East India Com pany's service, engaged in the last campaign in the Punjaub, humbly pray that your Majesty will be graciously pleased to take their services into consideration, whenever your Majesty shall make such distribu tion of said booty as to your Majesty may seem fit j and if any doubt should arise as to your Majesty's rights over any part of such booty, then they humbly pray that your Majesty will be pleased to cause the validity of such doubt to be investigated, in such manner as your Majesty may direct, and in that case, they further fray t"at t/rey may IJe a/lo'Wed to sulnnit su&II measuns or nasons as tIrey may be IIdvised in sujJjDrl of your Majesty's rigllls over SU&II IJooty. APPENDIX C. KNOWSUY, ",,, (kloHr 1852. DEAR LORD DALHOUSIE,-The intelligence of the Duke of Welling ton's death reached me at Balmoral where I was in attendance upon the Queen, but as her Majesty had that very day g~ne to a small shoot ing lodge in the neighbourhood, I had no opportunity of personal co~. munication with her till two days later. My first duty was to su~mlt to her Majesty the names of those who should succeed to th~ varIo~S' offices held by the late Duke j and I had very grea~ pleasure In adViS ing her Majesty that the office of Warden of the CInque Ports should be offered to you should you think it worth . your ac~e~tance. Her Majesty not only cordially approved of the adVICe, but Intimated to me that the appointment had already occurred to herself as the one most fitting to be made, which she thought I sh~uld proba~ly .r~commen~. Unfortunately I did not advert to the fact, In the multJphClty of busI- 2E 434 APPENDIX D. ness which pressed upon me, that there were only two or three days to spare before the sailing of the E. India mail, and my communication to you has consequently been delayed a fortnight. In the meantime you will see by the papers that public report has assigned this office to mysel~ chiefly, I believe, upon the ground that it has generally been taken by the First Lord of the Treasury for the time being. After wh,at I have said, however, I need not assure you that these reports rest on no other foundation, and that I have never had a moment's hesitation about making the offer to you. Should I find that it is necessary that the office should be temporarily filled up, for the purpose of the discharge of any duties which cannot b~ performed by deputy, previous to your return, I may have my own name inserted; but in that case I shall have it clearly understood that it is as a tem porary appointment only, and for the purpose of handing it over to you. You are, of course, aware that a committee of the House of Com mons in 1833 recommended a revision of the system of licensing Pilots, and that some alterations would probably have been made affecting the office but for the strong objections which the Duke of Wellington felt to any change. I need not say that any new appointment must be accepted subject to any alteration which Parliament may think fit to adopt; but I am sure that, far from objecting, it would be your wish, should you be in England, to co-operate with Parliament in any measures which may be deemed for the benefit of the mercantile marine; and that nobody is better qualified than yourself to give an opinion on such questions. The emoluments of the" office are very small; but it gives a resid ence, and as a mark of honour from the Crown is one which even a Governor-General of India may not disdain to accept. Let me add also that it affords me very great pleasure to have had it in my power to offer this advice to the Queen, and thus to mark my own sincere personal regard and friendship for you. - Believe me, Dear Lord Dalhousie, yours very sincerely, (Signed) DERBY. HIS EXCELLENCY THB GOVERNOR-GENERAL. APPENDIX D. TREATY WITH THE NIZAM OF HYDERABAD. EQUALLY happy results [annexation of Nagpore] have attended the assignment which the Nizam was persuaded to make of the districts belonging to the State of Hyderabad. In the possession of Berar and the neighbouring districts of Nag- APPENDIX E. 435 pore, the British Government, it deserves to be remembered, has secured the finest cotton tracts which are known to exist in all the continent of India, and thus has opened up a great additional channel of supply through which to make good a felt deficiency in the staple of one great branch of its manufacturing industry. Since the assignment was made all disputes ,with the Nizam have ceased. Though the districts assigned were covered with places of defence the famous fortress of Gawilgurh among the rest; and although they were garrisoned by Arabs or Rohillahs, yet all were delivered over sub missively and at once, and nota single shot was fired in anger. There also the Civil administration has been introduced. Crime, especially the violent crime of dacoity, has already much diminished. The revenue is already rapidly increasing. The public tranquillity has not been disturbed by even a single popular tumult; and the admir able little army which was formerly the Nizam's contingent, but which is now a British force, is available for any service for which it may be required.-Final M~'nute ofthe Marquess oIDalhousie. APPENDIX E. THE kingdom of Nagpore became British territory by simple lapse, in the absence of all legal heirs. The kingdom, which had been granted to the reigning Raja by the British Government when it had become forfeited by the treachery of Appa Sahib, was left without a claimant when the Raja died. No son had been born to his Highness; none had been adopted by ,him; none, as they have themselves ad mitted, was adopted at the Raja's death by the ranees, his widows. There remained no one male of the line who descended from the stock and bore the name of Bhonsla. The British Government, therefore, refused to bestow the territory in free gift upon a stranger, and wisely incorporated it with its own dominions.-Final Minute of the Marquess of Dalhousie. APPENDIX G. APPENDIX F.- February 261k, 1854. EXTRACT FROM SIR EDWARD CAMPBELL, no date, received February 23rd, 1854. " THERE is one part of your letter, sir, which I must answer at once I mean about Sir Charles Napier, myoid master and relative. Before you placed me on your staff you assured me I should never hear him spoken of in your family in any but terms of kindness, and though I required no such assurance I was very thankful for it, for I loved him very dearly, and he was always like a father to me and helped me on in every way. I entered your Lordship's family without any fear of having my feelings wounded on his account, but I did not, and could not, expect such forbearance and kind feelings as your Lordship uniformly evinced in speaking of him to me. And I had also the pleasure of feeling that I was not in the way, for I knew that before I was on your staff it was just the same." APPENDIX G. OF all the works of public improvement which can be applied to an Indian province, works of irrigation are the happiest in their effects upon the physical condition of the people. And foremost among all the works of irrigation that the world as yet has ever seen stands the Ganges Canal, whose main stream was for the first time opened on the 8th April r854. When the opening of the canal was reported to the Honourable Court the work was thus briefly described :- " Within eight years the main lines of the Ganges Canal, applicable to the double purpose of irrigation and navigation, have been designed, executed, and opened. "Extending over 52 5 miles in length, measuring in its greatest depth ten feet, and in its extreme breadth I 70 feet, the main irrigation line of the Ganges Canal is justly described 'as a work which stands unequalled in its class and character among the efforts of civilised nations.' (Letter of Lieutenant-Governor, April 1854, para. 8.) " I ts length is five-fold greater than that of all the main . lines of Lombardy united, and more than twice the length of the aggregate lines of Lombardy and Egypt together-the only countries in the world whose works of irrigation rise above insignificance. "As a single work of navigation for purposes of commerce the Ganges Canal has no competitor throughout the world. No single canal in Europe has attained to half the magnitude of this Indian work. It nearly equals the aggregate length of the four greatest canals APPENDIX H. 437 in France j it .~tly exceeds all the first:cIass canals of Holland put t~gether, ~d It IS ~ter by nearly one-third than the greatest naviga tlOD canal In the UDited States or America. .. I have spoken here of the main line alone. When the branches in progress shall have been completed, the extent and influence of the work will be vastly increased throughout all its gigantic proportions. "Wonderful and admirable in all respects as the Ganges Canal is felt to be, it has been well said, in the words which the Lieutenant~ Governor has quoted, • that there is no more striking fact in connection with it than that such a truly gigantic undertaking should have been in its designs the work or a single intellect, and in its execution the work of a third part of one man's professional life.''' All the plans for the prosecution of the works upon the canal had been formed before the Government or India was placed in my hands. But of the sum of £1,400,000 which had been expended upon the canal at the time or its opening in 1854, all excepting £170,000 has been granted since my administration commenced. No financial pressure-no exigencies or war-were suffered to interrupt the pro gress of that great work. Its main lines have now been opened for nearly two years. The water has been admitted over their whole length. The works have stood the test, during the last monsoon, of some of the severest floods that have ever been known, and as yet the success has been in all respects complete. When the branches shall be finished the canal will extend to about 900 miles in length. It is estimated that the area which may be irrigated by its waters will not be less than 1,470,000 acres. But none can estimate, in their full extent, the blessings which its fertilising influence will confer upon millions whom it will place henceforth beyond the reach or those periodical calamities of season which from time to time, as in 1837, have brought upon the plains of Hindostan the wide spread desolation of famine and death. I tJUst I shall not be thought vainglorious if I say that the successful execution and completion of such a work as the Ganges Canal would, even if -it stood alone, suffice to signalise an Indian administration. I rejoice to know that the gracious favour of the Sovereign was promptly shown to the man whose genius designed, and whose energy so rapidly completed, this noble work, and that Sir Proby Cautley has been worthily decorated with high honours from the Crown.-Amdpd fromjilUll Minule of lire AfartjlleSS of DaillollSie. APPENDIX H. UNTIL that time [expiry or Act of 1833] the local Government .of Bengal had been placed in the hands of the Governor-General of. India. But in the year 18S3 the system, by which the officer charged WIth the APPENDIX I. responsibility of controlling the government of all India was further burdened 'with local duties of vast extent and importance, was happily abandoned. The Governor-General was finally liberated from the obli gation of performing an impossible task, and a Lieutenant~Governor was appointed to the charge of Bengal alone. At the same time another great change was introduced, equally novel in its 'character and not less 'important. A Council was appointed as the Legislature of India, which was no longer identical with the Supreme Council, but included divers other members, and exercised its functions by separate and distinct pro ceedings of its own. The organisation of the Legislative Council proved to be a work which involved great labour, and was attended with many difficulties. The proceedings of the Council, however, were speedily reduced to form. The duties of the Council have subsequently been laboriously and faithfully performed.-Final Minute of the Marquess of Dalhousie. APPENDIX I. ARTICLE IN 'THE TIMES' OF JANUARY 4TH, J8SS. THE article begins by comparing the organisation of the home Army with that of India, much to the disadvantage of the former, and proceeds- "We are in sore need i-we want, above all things, a man capable of recreating our military system, of bringing order out of confusion and method and regularity out of chaos. When we point out the failure of our pres~nt war administration, we are often tauntingly challenged to suggest some one in whose management a reasonable and well-founded confidence might be reposed. For once we feel disposed to accept the challenge." It then goes on to point out the various duties, responsibilities, and achievements of Lord Dalhousie, referring especially to the second Sikh War and the war with Burmah, and concludes, " Here, then, is a discovery-a man and a marquis who may be safely trusted with the lives of his fellow-men, and who, though trained in peace, has shown himself fully equal .to the emergencies of war. Before he entered on this wider sphere of exertion the Marquis of Dalhousie showed no ordinary sagacity in foreseeing the direction of the railway mania, and in devising means for reducing that national madness within useful and reasonable limits. Such a man we have in India, worthily fulfilling all the duties which devolve on the civil and military chief of a vast and half-civilised empire. The Emperor APPENDIX I. 439 Nicholas himself does not number as many subjects, or exercise a more vast or durable influence on the happiness or misery of the human race. " If we have here any man equally, or nearly equally, competent for managing the affairs of the war, it were a pity to take away the Marquis of Dalhousie from the sphere of his labours, his usefulness, and his glory; but if there be none such, at least known to the public, why do we hesitate to employ in our present need an instrument so well adapted for our purpose? II INDEX. Abbas, Pacha, 164 Beas river, the, 161 Aberdeen, Lord, 176, 306, 340, 341 Beatson, Major, 173,416 Aeng Pass, the, 214, 243 Bengal, government of, assumed by Agnew, Mr, 24, 108 Lord Dalhousie, 20, 192-resignation Agra, 293, 382 of government of, 299 Alben, Prince, 149, 357, 377 Bengal army, proposed reformation of Ali Morad, 109, 182, 189, 19o, 192, the, 168 201, 202, 412 Bentinck, Lord W., 397 Aliwal, 43, 195, 196 Bethune, Mr, II9. 121 Alma, battle of the, 329 Bhaee Maharaj Singh, 105, 135 Anderson, Lieut., 24. loS Bhawulpore, 107, 248 Anson, General, 320, 354, 355, 380, Bingham, Captain, 107 424-appointed to succeed Sir Wm. Bissehir, 170 Gomm as Commander·in·Chief, 361, .. Black Acts," passing of the so·called, 382 lI8 et seq. Arbuthnot, Rt. Hon. Charles, 2I1, Board of Trade, Lord Dalhousie as 230 President of, 16 Archers, Royal Company of, attendance Bombay, 1I0, 293 of the, on Queen Victoria's first visit Boree Afreedees, submission of the, 291 to Scotland, I I et seq. Bowie, Captain, 279, 300 Argyll, Duke of, 276, 277, 403 Bradshaw, Colonel, 107, 179, Arracan, 189, 205, 214, 281 Broughton, Lord, 178, 191, 192, 195, Artar Singh, 58 202, 2S4. 261}, ,297 Athole, Duke of, II Buccleuch, Duke of, 6, 10, 176 Attok, 44, 61, 62, ISS, 157, 158, 159, Buddiwal, 195 163,252 Bukrialla Pass, the. 58 Auckland, Lord, 55, 75, 166 Bulnois, Lieut., 189 Austen, Admiral, 193, 198, 211, 221- Burmese War, the second, steps leading death of, 229 up to. 187-references to, 188 et .seq., Ava, 89, 189. 198, 199, 202, 217, 222, 193. 205. 213. 214 eI seq. passtm 230, 231, 247, 250, 251, 252, 256, close of, 2S8 260, 282, 301, 308, 316, 320, 3340 347, 358, 360, 361 Cabul, Khan of: see Dost Mahomed. Calcutta, Lord Dalhousie's arrival at, Ballard, Mr (cook), accident to, 247 20-earthquake at, 21-Dalhousie Bangalore, 359. 360 Institute at, 428 llank of Scotland, Lord Dalhousie ap· Campbell. Brigadier· General (after pointed Governor of. 191 wards Sir Colin Campbell), 45, 60, 02 200, 203, 207. 209. 223, 231, 340• Banks, Major, 3!4. 385, 4 1 Baroda, 254, 264, 295 367. 380. 388, 391, 396, 397, 4 3, Barrackpore. 20, 21, 117, 210, 221, 230, 415 296,330 Campbell, Sir Edward, 290 and App. llassein, 205, 294 F, p. 436 INDEX. Candahar, 358, 364, 367 Cubbon, General, 362, 375 Canning, Lady, 389 Cureton, General, 37, 48, 195, 196 Canning, Lord, appointment of, as Currie, Sir F. (Resident), 240 29 51 Governor-General of India, in suc et seq. pass,'".. cession to Lord Dalhousie, 350, 352, 353-references to, 361, 368, 370, Dalhousie, Countess of (mother of the 374, 375, 378, 38o, 383, 386, 388, Marquess), death of, 6 392, 397, 408, 414, 424, 425- Dalhousie, Earl of (father of the Mar Caradoc, Lord Dalhousie's poor accom quess), last illness and death of, 3 et modation on board the, on his return seq.-delivering u\, the ribbon of the from India, 372 et seq. Bath of, 6-remimscences of, 75, 2So Cardigan, Lord, 349 Dalhousie Institute, the, at Calcutta, Carnatic, death of Nawab of the. 359 428 Came, Mr, 184, 194 Dalhousie, Lady (wife ofthe Marquess), Cashmere, ISO, 154. 161-tribute 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 32, 60, 81, 97, shawls from, to Government, 34S 98, 1140 115, 123, 125, 127, 129, 130, Cautley, Colonel (afterwards Sir Proby 139, 147, 163, 165, 181, 193, 196, Cautley), 296, 301, 31S, 437 199, 204, 210, 220, 221, 229, 230, Cawnpore, the massacre at, 383 239, 240, 243, 256-death of, 257 Chalmers, Rev. Dr,? Dalhousie, Marquess of, entrance of, to Cheape, General (afterwards Sir John House of Lords as Earl of Dalhousie, Cheape), 245, 251, 278, 292 g-becomes President of the Board Chenab river, the, 37, 38, 40,'42, 53, of Trade, 16-poorhealth of, 17, 82, 540 149, 160 87, 91, 98, 153, 240, 333, 354, 368, Chillianwalla, 44, 60.. 71 et seq., 232 371 et seq. passim-appointed Gover Chinese frontier, making of road be nor-General of India, IS-is made a tween Simla and, 180 K. T., 23-details of the revolt in the Chunar, the fortress of, escape of the Punjab (the second Sikh 'War) given Maharanee of the Punjab from, 68 by, 24 et seq. passim-the Punjab Chur-ch of Scotland, ante - Disruption annexed by, 62-presentation of Sikh attitude of parties in the, 7 - with trophy guns to, 79 and App. A, p. drawal of Lord Dalhousie from the 429-the marquisate conferred on, 86 Assembly of, ib. -official tour of, in the Punjab, 104 Chutter Singh, 36, 44, 50,59,98,104. el seq.-Iaws passed by, II8-charges Cinque Ports, Lord Dalhousie Warden offavouritism and parade rebutted by, of the, 232, 235, 247, 259, 426 173 el seq.-narrative of the Burmese Clanricarde, Lord, 398 War by, 188 el seq. passim-appointed Clanwilliam, Lady, 211 Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, Clarendon, Lord, 254 232, 235, 247, 259, 426, and App. Clark, Sir James, 349 C, p. 433-Pegu annexed by, 237 Cobden, Mr, 423 -railway and telegraph projects Cock pen churchyard, burial-place of the undertaken by, 279, 293, 296, 314, Dalhousie family at, 428 . 336 et seq. passim-official visit of, Conolly, Mr, murder of, 356 . to Burmah, 281 el seq.-resigns Cook, request for a European, 166: Lieutenant-Governorship of Bengal, see also Halford, Mr. 299, 3I2-postpones resignation of Coonoor, 342, 346 Governor-Generalship, 304 - arrival Couper, George, 87, 99, 125, 300 and of daughter of, in India, 332-de note, 365, 384, 387, 399, 425 _ parture of, from India, 371-arrival Couper, Sir George, correspondent of of, in Edinburgh, 376-departure of, Lord Dalhousie, death of, 428 . for Malta, 387-last days of, 425 el Couper, James, 48, So, 182, 379, 384, seq.-death of, 428 387,391 Dalhousie, pronunciation of the name, Couper, Lady, 267, 384 64,85, 101 Courtenay, Mr, 181, 235,263, 339, 352, Deal Castle, Lord Dalhousie appointed 353, 366, 413. 424 Captain of, 15, 16-references to, Crimean War, the, 295, 301,304, 308, 21I, 230, 241 312, 329, 330 , 331, 333, 3340 343. Debt, Indian, conversion of, 246, 259, 352, 357, 359, 360' 269,279, 284, 285, 291, 298, 396 Crispin, Captain, 266 Delane, Mr, of the Governor-General's Crommelin, Lieut., 252 Bodyguard, 297 INDEX. 443 Delane, Mr, editor of 'The Times,' Ellice, Mr, 266, 268, ca71, 276 article by, on Lord Dalhousie's ad· Elliot, Sir H., 192, 2Io-death of. ministration in India, 338, 352, 353: 285 ' see also App. I, p. 438 Elp~nst~ne, Lord, 295, 3°5,323,351 Delhi, King of, 262, 264, 381, 390, Engmeenng College, the, at Roorkee, 396 183 Delhi, siege of, 383-fall of, 387, Ernest, Prince, of Leiningen, :uo, 228, 389 235,258 Dera Dhoon, 181 European rifle corps in India, Lord Derajat, the, 238. 291 Dalhousie's plan for raising, 408. Derby. Lord, 199, 201, 232. 235, 238. European troops, withdrawal of, from 339, 410, 413. 417 India, 405 et seq. Dewan Moolraj. 23. 24. 25, 26. 27, 28, Evans, Sir De Lacy, 355. 358, 389 29,32, 34, 36, 51,79, 90, 104, lOS, Exhibition of 1851, Cashmere products 100-death of, 17S sent to, 'by Gholab Singh, 137- Dhera Ghazee Khan, 108, 143 opening of, 16s-references to, 167, Dingee, 44, 53 169, 171 Dolgorouki, Prince, 299, 3II Donabew, 258, 292 Falkland, Lady, 110, III, 264 Dost Mahomed, 42, 50, 62, 159, 182, Falkland, Lord, I10, lU, 2640 279 287,,3°1, 307, 310, 321 , 323, 324, Fane, Frank, 48, 108 335, 336, 341, 343, 348• 358, 364, Fane, General Mildmay, 296' 367 Fanshaw, Admiral, 325 Doum, Lady, 302 Fergusson, Sir James,marriage of Lady Douro, Lord, 400, 41 I Edith Ramsay to, 426 Duleep Singh, present from, to the F erozepore, 39 Prince of Wales, 147-resolution of, Fitzclarence, Lord F., 294. 308, 320, to become a Christian, 156, 164, 171, 354-death of, 328 184, 185, 248-baptism of, 249-life Fitzroy, Lord: see Raglan, Lord. of, in England, 296, 300, 320, 325, Forbes, Sir John, 13 347, 394 Fuqueer Noorooddeen, 396 Dundas, Admiral, 327 Futtehgurh, 105. 289, 383 Durham, Lord, 5 Galle, III East India Company, the, 224 et seq., Galloway, General, 88, 94 241, 245, 254. 329, 359, 390, 397, Ganges Canal, the, 183, 301, 315- 404, 416 et seq. opening of, 296 and App. G, p. Ecclesiastical Titles Bill, the, 153, 162, 436 , 176 Gardiner, Sir Robert, 264 Edinburgh, Queen Victoria's first visit Gautama, images of, in pagodas, 348 to, 10 et seq.-Lord Dalhousie's ar· Gholab Singh, 39, 41, 84, 100, 1°3, rival at, from India, 376-c-freedom lOS, 137, 15°, 156, 179, 234 of, for Lord Dalhousie, i6.-his last Gholam Hyder Khan, J4o, 343, 344 visit to, 426 Gilbert, Sir Walter, 46, 56, 57, 59, 61, Edmonstone, Mr, 378. 381, 387,425 135, 149, 315 Edwardes. Lieut. (afterwards Major), Gladstone, Mr, 349 27, 28, 32, 36, 49, 58, 122, 331 Glenelg, Lord, 254 Eedgah, the, 108 Godwin, General, 193, 195, 199, 200, Egerton, Captain, 394 206, 207, 217, 219, 221, 226, 233, Egypt, Pacha of, reception of Lord and 236, 237, 245, 246, 248, 250, 253, Lady Dalhousie by, 19 259, 263-death of, 269, 297 180, Elcho, Lord, 12, 13 Gomm, Lady, 95. 114. 243, Electric telegraphs, introduction of, 297 into India, 119, 293, 296, 332, 337, Gomm Sir Wm. (afterwards Com· mander-in-Chief, in succession to Sir 341 ' Elgin. Lord, 9, 280, 286, 314, 324, 329, Charles Napier), 79, 'I14. 142, 143. 147, 148, ISO, 160. 163, 169. 170 , 341, 350 , 379 177, 179, 180. 203. 204, 207. 209. Ellenborough, Lord, 43, 55, 87, 88, 08 89, .107. 177, 178, 186, 187, 195, 228, 229, 231, 288, 297, 307, 3 , 202, 212, 214, 242, 302, 390, 409, 320, 343, 346 Goojerat, 54-56, 77, 78 410 444 INDEX. Gooro Nanuk, Holy of Holies of tbe : Home Government of India, Lord Dal see Holy Sbrine of Umritsir. housie's proposed scbeme for, 417 Gougb, Lord, 25, 26, 27, 29, 35. 38,47, eI seg. So, 66 eI seg._persession of, 66- Hope, Sir John, 12, 13 Sikh gons preseuted by, 67, 70, 71, Horse of Thibet, specimen of the 79, 101, 261: see aisIJ· App. Ii, P. wild, sent home by Lord Dalhousie, 429 289 Govindgbur, 58, II3 Hyderabad, the disposal of, 33-refer Graham, Sir James, 235, 277, 327, ences to, 185, 264-treaty with the 349. 423 Nizam of, App. D, p. 434 Grant, Dr, 299, 387, 393,413 Grant, LieuL·Colonel (afterwards Field· Ibrahim Pasba, 330 Marshal Sir P. Grant), 123, lSI, 170, India, Army of, Sir Cbas. Napier's con 277, 278, 283, ]80 . demnation of extravagance amongst Granville, Lord, 191 officers of the, 161 and note-Lord Grey, General, 350 Dalhousie's proposed reforms in, 224 Grey, Sir J., 190 eI .reg._bolition of Military Board for, 337 Halford, Mr (cook), arrival of, 178- India Bill, tbe, zOO, 276 terms demanded by, ISo-resignation India Board,. outlines of a proposed, Of,226 419 eI seg. Halliday, Lieut.·Governor, 210, z8o, India House, the, 161, 164 354, 355, 366 India, native army of, proposed reo Hamilton, Colonel, 80 forms in the, 314 Hannay, Major, 68 Indian Debt, conversion of, 246, 2S9, Hardinge, Lord, resignation of, as 269, 279. 284, 28S, 291, 2gB, Governor-General of India, 17- 306 Lord Dalhousie appointed to soc· Indian Mutiny, threatenings of, 380, ceed, 18-references to, 20, 27, 35, 381: see Cawnpore, Delhi, Luck. 55. 58, 66, 78, 87, 8g, 101, no, 158, now, &c. 17], 176, 202, 2]2, 261, 283, 314, Indian Parliament, the, 312: see a/stJ 322 324. 329. 345, 350, 355, 389, Legislative Council. 397 Indus river, the, log, ISS, 158, 177 Harris, Lord, 351, 360 Irrawady river, the, 19B Harvest bog, the, in East Lothian, Irrigation canal, scheme of an, 145 2]8 Hastings, Lord, 265, 390 Jackson, Coverley, 377, 378 Hastings, Warren, 121, 390 Jacob, Major, J02 Havelock, General, ]07,38], 385, ]86, Jel1alabad, 172 389'--death of, 396 Jeteh Dooab, 40 Hay, Lady Mary, 4 Jewan Singh, Colonel, 166, 169 Hay, Lord Arthur, 38S Jbelum river, tbe, 41, 43, 54, 58, 59, Hay, Lord John, 297, 32 S, 343 159, 160 Hazarah, insurrection in, 33-rekrences Jocbmus, General, ]OS and note. to, 8g, 184, 185, 187, 232, 2]4, 238, J ul\under, 39, 41, 145 242 Jnmnotri ML, 181 Hearsey, Brigadier, 149 Jong Bahadnr, lIS, 249. 316,333,335, Henzadeh, 229 364, 385, 414 Herries, Mr. 197, 199, 212, 213, 214, 228, 231, 24S Karr, Seton, article by, on Lord Dal Hill, Major, 261, 305 housie's Indian administration, 353 Hobbouse, Sir Jobn, 17. 18, 19,67,70, -reference to, 387 71, 73, 7S, 76, 78, 79, So, 83, 86, 91, Kave, Mr, 338, 379. 400 9], 94. 97, no, 1I6, 128, 141, 149, Keiat, Khan of. treaty witb, 303 lSI, 161, 167, 184, 187 Kempt, Sir James, 9, lSI, 158, 186, Hodson, Colonel, death of, 414 272, 280, z84t 30], 334~ealh of. Hogg, Sir J. Weir, 93, 145, 163,228, 335 M' 266, 268, 276, 279 Kennedy, aJor, 142, 14S Hoggan, Brigadier, 46 Kent, the Ducbess of, portraits pre Holy Shrine of Umritsir, the, a visit sented by, g6-rhododendron seeds to, 146 eI seg., 3gB, 407 for, 1]2, 165. 287 INDEL 445 Kbiva. suspected Russian adYllDCe on. Madigan. Captain, 347 28s, 287. 288, 298 Madras, Goyemorship of, unwilliogness Khyber Pass, the. 42, 61, 62, 107 of Lord Dalhousie to assume the, 8 Knight of the Thistle, Lord Dalhousie dSWJ· made a, 23-6tar as decoration for Maharajah, Lord Dalhousie's favourite the Order o~ 28, ]6-inc:onsistency Arab horse, ~ 269 in toDfening the Order or. 340 Maharajab DuJeep Singh: _ DuJeep Kobat Afreedees, submission of the, Singh. 291 Maharanee of the Punjab, escape or the, Kohat Pass, the. IS], ISS, 281 from the fortress ofChunar, 68-f1ight Koh-i-noor. sunender of. to Queen o~ to Nepaul, 77 Victoria, 6:a-references to, 87 d SWJ- •. MalmesbDJy, Lord, 197 89, 107. 1240 1,39, 168, 172, 177, Malta, Lord Dalhousie's residence at, 315, 395 d SWJ- 387 dSWJ· Knnawar. 127., 129 Maiftl'll Wells, Lord' Dalhousie at, 425 Lahore, outbreak of rebellion in, 23 d Mangles, Ross, ]82 SWJ-, ,39, ~on of the Pun Manjha, the, 60, 106, 145 jab proclaimed at, 62 - review of Maru.ban, 18<), 19S, 198. 238 troops at, 104-illnmination of, 106 Martin, Sir Byam, z66 -metalled road from, to Peshawar. Maule, Fox (aftenrards Lord Pan IS3-sickness at, 17t-memorial re mure). 67, 9S, III, 176. 195, 197, garding prize money for state o~ iII_, 268-becomes Ead of Dalhow;ie, 189, and App. B, p. 431 427 Lal Singh Moraria, 99 Mayne, Major, 172, 173 Lambert, Commodore, 188, 198. 200, Meaday, 248. 256. 258, 263. 281 2190 228, 25], 260, 261, 423, 424 Meer Ali Morad: _ Ali Morad. LawreJlce, Sir Henry, 47, 51. 70. 78, Meer Rostom, 202 87, 24], 280, 295, 338, 378, ]87- Melvill, Sir James, 16<), 311, 40$ death o~ 38.t. 392-cThe Times' Melvill, Philip, 400 article on, 411 Melville, Lord, 191 Lawrence, Sir John. 24], 291, 340, Metalled road from Lahore to Pesha- 343, 392. ~'The Times' article war, making of a, .53 on,411 Metcalf, Mr, 391, 413 Leckie, Dr. 393 Military Board, abolition of the, 337 Lefene, Sir J. Shaw. 1S2 Minoa, Lady Dalhousie's favourite dog, Legislative Conncil. the, 3030 311• 388 316. 331: $# aIsiI App. H. P. 437 M'Neill, Sir John, 377 -Lord Dalhousie's leave-takiDg of, Moolraj : _ Dewan Moolraj. 371 Mooltan, 25, 26, 21, 28, 2C), J2, 34t I.e Marchant, Sir J .. 423 J6, 39. 40, 41, 42, 47, 49. 51, 88, Lincoln. Lord, 176. 342 107. 1090 liZ Littler. Sir John. 122, 1«)0 Moulmeio, III, 112, 189 Loch, Captain. 247. 251, 258 Moung Goung Gyee, 287, 317, 347 Login, DI (afterwards Sir John Login). Monntain, Colonel, J8, So, 58, 60, 81, 105, 172, 296. JOO, 3930 394 Ioc. 1430 21Z-death of, 287, 2890 Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports: - 297 C1-._"1:"-- m' Cinque Ports. Moostaches, order as to ...... Lacknow, 321, 349. 357, J66, J68,]So, India wearing, 4]-&5 to soldiers 31\2, 383-siege of the Residency at, wearing, 294 38.t. ]85-reJief of, 388-capture ~ Muhassoo. 83, I230 141 414 Mnnay, Sir C. M., J29 Lynedoch, Lord, 342 Mysore, 359. J6z Lyous, Lord, 388, 423 Nadir Shah, 139 Mackenzie, Colonel, 17.J-4L1tack upon, Nagpore, anneu.tioD of, z8:9. ~130 and App. p. 43S-coDSl1tntlOn for, by his troopers, 3S7 Eo Mackenzie, Sir George, 13 305 Rajah Mackeson, Colonel, 45, 20]. 2J4, Nagpore, of, death o~ 284- 238, 242, J67-assassioation of, 265, jewels. armour, &teo, left by. 327 267 Nana Sahib, 383 INDEX. Napier, Sir Charles, appointment of, as Pellew, Admiral Sir }<'., 247 Commander-in-Chief, 66, 68-arrival Pennefather, Sir John, 356, 423 of, in India, 76-at Simla with Lord Pennycuick, Colonel, 48, 78 Dalhousie, 81, 84-references to, 9S, Peshawar, 42, 50, 62, 153, ISS. 157, 97. 99, 103, lIS, II6, 120, 123, 126, 177, 179, 187,201, 267r 269, 336,341 127, 129, ~31,132, 134, 138, 139, Phayre, Captain (afterwards Major), 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 147, 253, 278, 325, 335, 345, 358, 360 148, 149, 1.50, ISS, 153, 158, 161, Pind Dadun Khan, 158 162, 164. 167, 171, 176, 181, 185, Post Office reform in India, 119 197, 203, 212, 232, 242, 266, 267, Pottinger, Sir Henry, 208, 228, 234 268. 270,271, 272 et seq., 277, 280, Prince Albert: see Albert, Prince. 283, 284, 318, 379-the 'Life' of, . Prince Ernest: see Ernest, Prince. 390, 391, 392, 4II, 415 Prince of Wales (afterwards King. Napier, Sir George, 60 Edward VII.), present of armour Napier, Sir Wm., 285, 287, 293- from Dlileep Singh to, 147, 184- pamphlet by, 294, 379, 41 I present of a horse to, 347 Na.poleon, Emperor Louis, 291, 326 Princess Royal of England, wedding Narain Singh, 135 'of,398 Native officers, treatment of, 22, 30-32 Prize money, the Punjab, 88, 177, 189: Nepal, scheming of J ung Bahadur to see also App. B, p. 431 become Rajah of, 316, 415-troops Prome, 215, 218, 222, 226, 229, 231, sent from, to assist the British at 233,237,253,282,347 Lucknow; 385, 386, 414 Punjab, annexation of, 62-Lord Dal Newcastle, Duke of, 259, 280, 312, housie's official tour in, 104 et seq. 314, 315, ·337, 339, 340 --confiscation of lands in, 375: see Nicholson, John, 238, 242,389,391,414 also Sikh War. Nizamof Hyderabad, treaty with the, Puttiala, Maharajah of, 180 App. D, p. 434 N orthcote, Sir Stafford, 265 Queen Victoria: see Victoria, Queen. Ogilvie, Dr, 276 Raglan, Lord, 14It 209, 226, 232, 241, Oliphant, Major, 324 . 319, 334, 337 Ootacamund, 338, 359 Railway Commission, Lord Dalhousie Opium revenue, the, 268, 269 offered command of the, 17 Oude, the disposal of, 33-General Out Railway system, extension of the, in ram's report on, 344. 352-references . India, 279, 314, 336 to, 348,355, 356, 357, 358, 363, )64, Rajah Shere Singh: see Shere Singh. 367, 369, 370, 375, 377, 393, 397- Ramnugger, 37, 40, 53, 54, 56 disarming of, 389 et seq., 401 et seq., Ramsay, Captain James (afterwards 408 Lieut.-Colonel), the Koh-i-noor sent Oude, King of, 262, 344 to England by, 124, 128-references Outram, General, 254, 255, 262, 264, to, 194, 243, 299, 350, 355, 386 276, 279, 289, 294, 321, 344, 349, Ramsay, Dean. of Edinburgh, 6 357, 358, 365, 366, 368, 370, 377, Ramsay, George, 387 386,389,4°1,402,409,413,415,416 Ramsay, Lady Edith (younger daughter Oxford Uni'Versity, Lord Dalhousie's of Lord Dalhousie), marriage of, 4th class at, 378 426 Ramsay, Lady Susan (elder daughter Pakington, Sir John, 197 of Lord Dalhousie), arrival of, in Palmerston, Lord, 84, 132, 164,191, India, 332-references to, 346, 354, 286, 305, 318, 324, 337, 339, 341,417 359,371 Panmure, Lord, 283, 315, 339, 354t Ramsay, Lord, election of, as member 361, 399, 404, 427 for Haddingtonshire, I-death of the Parliament of India: see Legislative father of, 3-entrance of, to the Council. House of Lords, as Earl of Dalhousie, .. Peel, Captain, 394 9: see alsf) Dalhousie, Marquess of• Peel, Sir Robert, 16, 18, 78, 238- Rangoon, 182, 184, 185; 187, 188, 192, death of, 137 193, 195, 196, 198, 199, 203, 21 9, Pegu, 192, 203, 207, 217, 218, 222, 221, 237, 260, 269, 281, 282, 301, 229, 231, 2330 250, 251, 252, 258, 311, 315, 348, 361 263, 285, 301, 305, 308, 310, 335 Redan, the attack of the, 360 INDEX. 441 Reform Bill, Lord John Russell's, 305 Sonthals, rising among the, 351, 352, and note. 353, 362, 365, 366, 368, 369 Reid, Sir W., 425 Spencer, Lord, 396 Religious feud, outbreak of a, between Spies, shooting of, 317 Hindoos and Mussulmans in Oude, Spithead, naval review at, 266 355, 357 . St Germains, Lord, 176 Rhododendron seeds, applications for, Steam navigation, proposed scheme for, by the Duchess of Kent, 132, 165, on the Indus and the Punjab rivers, . 287 ISS! 177-opening of new era for, in Richpaul Singh, Colonel, 135 India, 223 Rifle corps, European, Lord Dalhousie's Steele, General, 238, 246, 247. 315 plan for raising, 408 Stewart, Sir Houston, 373, 374 Roads, construction df, in India, 180, Stockmar, Baron, 59, 63, 154, 205, 281, 327 251, 329, 339, 347 Roxburgh, Duke of, 12, 13 Straits Settlements, Lord Dalhousie's Runjeet Singh, 106, 139, 144, 153, 395 official visit to the, I I I II stfJ. Russell, Lord John, 17, 18, 23, 67, 83, Sutherland, Colonel, 338 86, II6, 137, 178, 185, 186,260, 305, 339 Telegraph: see Electric Telegraph. Russell, Dr W. H., 424 Temple, Sir R., 400 Russia, advances of, in Central Asia, Thackwell, General (afterwards Sir J. 285, 323, 324-war with: see Crimean Tbackwell), 37, 38, 212, 261 War. Tharawaddi, 260,269,287,294,308,347 Thomason, Mr, 265.285' Saltoun, Lord, death of, 268 Tiger, presentation of a, to Queen Scinde, So, 109, 212 'Victoria, 20 Sebastopol, sinking of the ships at, 330 Torrington, Lord, I II -capture of, 359 Tounghoo, 258 Second Burmese War: see Burmese Tree-planting, Lord Dalhousie's scheme War. of, 156,279 Second Sikh War: see Sikh War. Tribute shawls, payment of, by Cash. Secret Committee, the, 19, 152, 161. mere, 345 181, 190, 292, 306 Truro, Lord, 178, 186, 187 Seringapatam, house of Lord Wellesley Tucker, Captain (afterwards Colonel), at, 359 170, 242, 319 Sewell, General, 58 Turkish War: see Crimean War. Shadwell. Captain, 211 Shah Shoojah, 139, 395 Umballa, 39, 229, 243 Sheo Deo Singh, 296 Umerapoora, 282, 293, 311, 313, 315, Shepherd, Captain, 55, 80, lor. 132• 334 142, 144, 149, 161. 191. 196. 198, Umritsir, 146, 165, 166, 395, 398, 407 199. 201, 381 Shere Singh, 34, 36, 37. 40, 41, 44. Victoria, Queen, first visit of, to Scol 54, 59, 89, 90, 98, 104, 296 land 10 et seq. - Lord Dalhousie Shoe Dagon Pagoda, the, at Rangoon, mad~ a Knight of the Thistle by, 23 361 -surrender of the Koh-i·noor to, Sikh War, the second, narrative of, 6z-captured Sikh guns, arms, and 23 et .req.-end of, 59-presentation armour sent to, 84, 147-marquisate of guns as trophies of, 70, 79,' and conferred on Lord Dalhousie by, 86 App. A, p. 429 -presents to, from Gholab Singh, Simla, 60, 67, 81, 142, 163, 176 et seq. 137-Lord Dalhousie appointed Lord passim-new road between, and the Warden of the Cinque Ports by, 232, Chinese frontier, ISo 23s-presents of Cashmere shawls to, Singapore, III, 112, 135 345 - gracious letter to L Warden of the Cinque Ports: s~e Cinque Westmoreland, Lady, 302 Ports,. Wetherall, Mr, 164 . War medal, grant of, to the E.I.C.'s Wheler, Sir H., 40, 41, 209, 383 army for Sikh War, 90 et seq. Whish, ~neral, 34 and nole, 51, 53, Wellesley,. Dean, 416 54,58 Wellesley, Lord, 131, 392 Willoughby, LieuL, 383 . .Wellington, Duke of, 121, 132, 141, Wood, Sir Charles, 254, 268, 271,272, 144. lSI, .154, 164, 171, 195, 197, 276, 277, 286, 288, 290. 292, 30S, '211, 214, 2I8-death of, 23o-cast 306, 308, 314, 319, 321 , 323, 324, of the head of, 284-house of, at 340, 354. 360, 374 . Seringapatam, 359 Wuzeerabad, 37. 54 THE END. a·.INTD B'F WILLIAli BLAOKWOOD AND SOH8.