Foreign Influences on Modern Hebrew1
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Language of the Old Testament: Biblical Hebrew “The Holy Tongue”
E-ISSN 2281-4612 Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies Vol 4 No 1 ISSN 2281-3993 MCSER Publishing, Rome-Italy March 2015 Language of the Old Testament: Biblical Hebrew “The Holy Tongue” Associate Professor Luke Emeka Ugwueye Department of Religion & Human Relations, Faculty of Arts, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, PMB 5025, Awka- Anambra State, Nigeria Email: [email protected] phone - 08067674763 Doi:10.5901/ajis.2015.v4n1p129 Abstract Some kind of familiarity with the structure and thought pattern of biblical Hebrew language enhances translation and improved ways of working with the language needed by students of Old Testament. That what the authors of the Scripture say also has meaning for us today is not in doubt but they did not express themselves primarily for us or in our language, and so it requires training on our part to understand them in their own language. The features of biblical Hebrew as combined in the language’s use of imagery and picturesque description of things are of huge assistance in this training exercise for a better operational knowledge of the language and meaning of Hebrew Scripture. Keywords: Language, Old Testament, Biblical Hebrew, Holy Tongue 1. Introduction Hebrew language is the language of the culture, religion and civilization of the Jewish people since ancient times. It belongs to the northwest ancient Semitic family of languages. The word Semitic, according to Kitchen (1992) is formed from the name Shem, Noah’s eldest son (Genesis 5:32). It is an adjective derived from ‘Shem’ meaning a member of any of the group of people speaking Akkadian, Phoenician, Punic, Aramaic, and especially Hebrew, Modern Hebrew and Arabic language. -
The Hebrew-Jewish Disconnection
Bridgewater State University Virtual Commons - Bridgewater State University Master’s Theses and Projects College of Graduate Studies 5-2016 The eH brew-Jewish Disconnection Jacey Peers Follow this and additional works at: http://vc.bridgew.edu/theses Part of the Reading and Language Commons Recommended Citation Peers, Jacey. (2016). The eH brew-Jewish Disconnection. In BSU Master’s Theses and Projects. Item 32. Available at http://vc.bridgew.edu/theses/32 Copyright © 2016 Jacey Peers This item is available as part of Virtual Commons, the open-access institutional repository of Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts. THE HEBREW-JEWISH DISCONNECTION Submitted by Jacey Peers Department of Graduate Studies In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages Bridgewater State University Spring 2016 Content and Style Approved By: ___________________________________________ _______________ Dr. Joyce Rain Anderson, Chair of Thesis Committee Date ___________________________________________ _______________ Dr. Anne Doyle, Committee Member Date ___________________________________________ _______________ Dr. Julia (Yulia) Stakhnevich, Committee Member Date 1 Acknowledgements I would like to thank my mom for her support throughout all of my academic endeavors; even when she was only half listening, she was always there for me. I truly could not have done any of this without you. To my dad, who converted to Judaism at 56, thank you for showing me that being Jewish is more than having a certain blood that runs through your veins, and that there is hope for me to feel like I belong in the community I was born into, but have always felt next to. -
The Semitic Component in Yiddish and Its Ideological Role in Yiddish Philology
philological encounters � (�0�7) 368-387 brill.com/phen The Semitic Component in Yiddish and its Ideological Role in Yiddish Philology Tal Hever-Chybowski Paris Yiddish Center—Medem Library [email protected] Abstract The article discusses the ideological role played by the Semitic component in Yiddish in four major texts of Yiddish philology from the first half of the 20th century: Ysroel Haim Taviov’s “The Hebrew Elements of the Jargon” (1904); Ber Borochov’s “The Tasks of Yiddish Philology” (1913); Nokhem Shtif’s “The Social Differentiation of Yiddish: Hebrew Elements in the Language” (1929); and Max Weinreich’s “What Would Yiddish Have Been without Hebrew?” (1931). The article explores the ways in which these texts attribute various religious, national, psychological and class values to the Semitic com- ponent in Yiddish, while debating its ontological status and making prescriptive sug- gestions regarding its future. It argues that all four philologists set the Semitic component of Yiddish in service of their own ideological visions of Jewish linguistic, national and ethnic identity (Yiddishism, Hebraism, Soviet Socialism, etc.), thus blur- ring the boundaries between descriptive linguistics and ideologically engaged philology. Keywords Yiddish – loshn-koydesh – semitic philology – Hebraism – Yiddishism – dehebraization Yiddish, although written in the Hebrew alphabet, is predominantly Germanic in its linguistic structure and vocabulary.* It also possesses substantial Slavic * The comments of Yitskhok Niborski, Natalia Krynicka and of the anonymous reviewer have greatly improved this article, and I am deeply indebted to them for their help. © koninklijke brill nv, leiden, ���7 | doi �0.��63/�45�9�97-��Downloaded34003� from Brill.com09/23/2021 11:50:14AM via free access The Semitic Component In Yiddish 369 and Semitic elements, and shows some traces of the Romance languages. -
Contact Between Textual Hebrew/Aramaic and Diaspora Jewish Languages: Introduction to the Thematic Special Issue of the Journal of Jewish Languages
Journal of Jewish Languages 8 (2020) 5–6 brill.com/jjl Contact between Textual Hebrew/Aramaic and Diaspora Jewish Languages: Introduction to the Thematic Special Issue of the Journal of Jewish Languages Sarah Bunin Benor and Ofra Tirosh-Becker Co-Editors-in-Chief, Journal of Jewish Languages When we started this journal eight years ago, we envisioned that it would feature articles on many Jewish languages, written by scholars around the world. Indeed, issues 1–7 included articles on 17 different Jewish languages, as well as a few articles about multiple languages. The authors of these arti- cles reside in 12 countries: 63% in Israel, 19% in the US, 17% in Europe, and 1% in East Asia. This thematic issue continues this diverse orientation with articles by scholars around the world about Jewish English, Judeo-Italian, Judeo-Spanish, and Yiddish, as well as one comparative analysis of Yiddish and Judezmo (Judeo-Spanish). In addition, this issue includes a review essay about Judeo-Arabic and a review of a dictionary of the Hebrew-Aramaic component of multiple Jewish languages. Another aspiration of ours was that the Journal of Jewish Languages would further our understanding of phenomena that many Jewish languages share. Previous articles have explored the influence of Jewish languages on Modern Hebrew, especially in our thematic double issue edited by Edit Doron, z”l, entitled “Language Contact and the Development of Modern Hebrew” (3.1–2 (2015): 3–348). The current double issue explores the influence of Hebrew and Aramaic on Jewish languages, a phenomenon common in most Jewish communities throughout history. -
From Ancient Manuscripts to Modern Dictionaries Perspectives on Linguistics and Ancient Languages
From Ancient Manuscripts to Modern Dictionaries Perspectives on Linguistics and Ancient Languages 9 Series Editor Terry C. Falla Editorial Board Index Editor James K. Aitken Georgia Kate Kelly Aaron Michael Butts Daniel King Wido van Peursen Perspectives on Linguistics and Ancient Languages (PLAL) contains peer-reviewed essays, monographs, and reference works. It focuses on the theory and practice of ancient-language research and lexicography that is informed by modern linguistics. From Ancient Manuscripts to Modern Dictionaries Select Studies in Aramaic, Hebrew, and Greek Edited by Tarsee Li Keith Dyer gp 2017 Gorgias Press LLC, 954 River Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA www.gorgiaspress.com Copyright © 2017 by Gorgias Press LLC All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise without the prior written permission of Gorgias Press LLC. 2017 ܒ 1 ISBN 978-1-4632-0608-6 ISSN 2165-2600 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Society of Biblical Literature. International Meeting. | Li, Tarsee, editor. | Dyer, Keith D., 1951- editor. Title: From ancient manuscripts to modern dictionaries : select studies in Aramaic, Hebrew and Greek / edited by Tarsee Li & Keith Dyer. Description: Piscataway, NJ : Gorgias Press, [2017] | Series: Perspectives on linguistics and ancient languages, ISSN 2165-2600 ; 9 | Includes -
Down with Britain, Away with Zionism: the 'Canaanites'
DOWN WITH BRITAIN, AWAY WITH ZIONISM: THE ‘CANAANITES’ AND ‘LOHAMEY HERUT ISRAEL’ BETWEEN TWO ADVERSARIES Roman Vater* ABSTRACT: The imposition of the British Mandate over Palestine in 1922 put the Zionist leadership between a rock and a hard place, between its declared allegiance to the idea of Jewish sovereignty and the necessity of cooperation with a foreign ruler. Eventually, both Labour and Revisionist Zionism accommodated themselves to the new situation and chose a strategic partnership with the British Empire. However, dissident opinions within the Revisionist movement were voiced by a group known as the Maximalist Revisionists from the early 1930s. This article analyzes the intellectual and political development of two Maximalist Revisionists – Yonatan Ratosh and Israel Eldad – tracing their gradual shift to anti-Zionist positions. Some questions raised include: when does opposition to Zionist politics transform into opposition to Zionist ideology, and what are the implications of such a transition for the Israeli political scene after 1948? Introduction The standard narrative of Israel’s journey to independence goes generally as follows: when the British military rule in Palestine was replaced in 1922 with a Mandate of which the purpose was to implement the 1917 Balfour Declaration promising support for a Jewish ‘national home’, the Jewish Yishuv in Palestine gained a powerful protector. In consequence, Zionist politics underwent a serious shift when both the leftist Labour camp, led by David Ben-Gurion (1886-1973), and the rightist Revisionist camp, led by Zeev (Vladimir) Jabotinsky (1880-1940), threw in their lot with Britain. The idea of the ‘covenant between the Empire and the Hebrew state’1 became a paradigm for both camps, which (temporarily) replaced their demand for a Jewish state with the long-term prospect of bringing the Yishuv to qualitative and quantitative supremacy over the Palestinian Arabs under the wings of the British Empire. -
The Hidden History of Zionism by Ralph Schoenman
The Hidden History of Zionism by Ralph Schoenman Bibliographic Note The Hidden History of Zionism By Ralph Schoenman Copyright (c) 1988 by Ralph Schoenman All Rights Reserved Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 88-50585 ISBN: 0-929675-00-2 (Hardcover) ISBN: 0-929675-01-0 (Paperback) Manufactured in the United States First Edition, 1988 Veritas Press PO BOX 6090 Vallejo CA 94591 Cover design by Mya Shone Cover photograph by Donald McCullin (As printed in The Palestinians by Jonathan Dimbleby, Quartet Books, Ltd.) Copies of the printed edition of The Hidden History of Zionism, in hardcover or paperback form, can be purchased either directly from Veritas Press (in the above address), or purchased online here on this blog. Most of this online edition of The Hidden History of Zionism was transcribed from the 1988 Veritas Press edition by Alphonsos Pangas in 2000, by permission of the author, and originally published in the Balkan Unity site. This on-line edition was copied from the Balkan Unity site and is also posted here in Reds Die Rotten site. Some chapters were added to complete the book by Einde O'Callaghan. It goes without saying that the permission to publish this work doesn’t imply that the author is in agreement with the content of the REDS – Die Roten site. The Hidden History of Zionism by Ralph Schoenman is presented online for personal use only. No portions of this book may be reprinted, reposted or published without written permission from the author. i About the Author Ralph Schoenman was Executive Director of the Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation, in which capacity he conducted negotiations with numerous heads of state. -
Chapter 16 the Lexis of the Hasidic Hebrew Tales Reflects the Distinctive
chapter 16 Lexis The lexis of the Hasidic Hebrew tales reflects the distinctive polyglossic envi- ronment of its authors. Yiddish was their native language and chief vernacular, while they had received intensive training in the reading and recitation of vari- ous biblical and post-biblical forms of written Hebrew from a very early age and employed it as a major vehicle of written composition (see Stampfer 1993 for a detailed discussion of understanding and use of Hebrew in Eastern Europe). Moreover, they possessed at least some familiarity with biblical, Talmudic, and kabbalistic Aramaic texts. Finally, they lived in a Slavic-speaking environment, typically Ukrainian, Polish, and Russian. The ways in which lexical elements from these diverse linguistic sources manifest themselves in the tales will be discussed below. 16.1 Hebrew 16.1.1 Maskilic Hebrew Vocabulary As discussed throughout this volume, there are many instances of linguis- tic overlap between the Hasidic Hebrew tales and contemporaneous Maskilic Hebrew prose fiction. Perhaps one of the most striking of these instances con- cerns the Hasidic Hebrew use of lexical items typically considered to be Mask- ilic Hebrew coinages. These usually consist of compounds and collocations used to describe modern items and concepts lacking earlier Hebrew designa- tions. Examples of these are shown below; the terms in question are all con- ventionally regarded as Maskilic creations (see the references following each lemma for details). (Tavern’ (Even-Shoshan 2003: 171‘ בית מזיגה (tavern’ (Michelsohn 1912: 116‘ בית מזיגה – (to a tavern’ (Breitstein 1914: 58‘ לבית מזיגה – (the tavern’ (Teomim Fraenkel 1911b: 91‘ בית המזיגה – (the tavern’ (Bodek 1866: 40‘ הבית המזיגה – © Lily Kahn, 2015 | doi: 10.1163/9789004281622_017 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported (cc-by-nc 3.0) License. -
Psalms 119 & the Hebrew Aleph
Psalms 119 & the Hebrew Aleph Bet - Part 19 The nineteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet is called “Qof” (pronounced kof) and has the sound of “k” or “q” as in “queen”. It appears in the following three forms: Writing the Letter: Qof This letter looks like the English “P”, except that the curved part doesn’t connect with the stem. The aleph bet is what modern Hebrew calls the alphabet (22 letters that Yahweh used to speak the universe into existence). But Biblically, Aleph Tav are the first and last letters of the Hebrew alphabet. Each individual letter is called an Oat. Oat = sign. It is saying something (giving a Spiritual Message). Qof is the letter which symbolizes the Bride of Christ. It signifies that which is made holy and is set apart for holy use. “It is written, Be ye HOLY, for I AM HOLY,” 1 Peter 1:16. “Holy, Holy, Holy, is Yahweh of hosts, Who was and Is, and is to come!” (Isaiah 6:3 and Revelation 4:8). Qof is the first letter of the word Qodesh, meaning, “HOLINESS.” “Worship Yahweh in the beauty of HOLINESS,” Psalm 29:2. “For Yahweh hath chosen Zion; He hath desired it for His habitation. This is My Rest for ever: here will I dwell; for I have desired it. I will abundantly bless her provision: I will satisfy her poor with bread. I will also clothe her priests with Salvation: and her saints shall shout aloud for joy,” Psalm 132:13-16. Qof Study Page 1 Spiritual Meaning of the Qof Qof = K,Q and 100 and means “LAST”, “LEAST”, “HOLY” and “HOLINESS” Yahweh is HOLY, and He desires holiness on behalf of His People, saying, “You shall be holy, for I AM HOLY,” Leviticus 19:26. -
A] I Introduction ; Judaism and Israelism Intertwined =Chulent 1
The religious-secular divide in Israel- how big is the gap?/Yehoshua Grunstein A] I Introduction ; Judaism and Israelism intertwined =Chulent מגילת העצמאות/ Declaration of Independence 1- 1 ERETZ-ISRAEL [(Hebrew) - the Land of Israel, Palestine] was the birthplace of the http://www.knesset.gov.il/docs/heb/megila Jewish people….. In the year 5657 (1897), at the summons of the spiritual t.htm בארץ-ישראל קם העם היהודי.. בשנת תרנ"ז )father of the Jewish State, Theodore Herzl, the First Zionist Congress )7981 נתכנס הקונגרס הציוני לקול קריאתו של הוגה חזון convened and proclaimed the right of the Jewish people to national rebirth in המדינה היהודית תיאודור הרצל והכריז על זכות -its own country. This right was recognized in the Balfour Declaration… and re העם היהודי לתקומה לאומית בארצו .זכות זו הוכרה affirmed in the Mandate of the League of Nations which, in particular, gave בהצהרת בלפור... ואושרה במנדט מטעם חבר הלאומים, אשר נתן במיוחד תוקף בין-לאומי לקשר international sanction to the historic connection between the Jewish people ההיסטורי שבין העם היהודי לבין ארץ-ישראל ולזכות and Eretz-Israel and to the right of the Jewish people to rebuild its National העם היהודי להקים מחדש את ביתו הלאומי ..לפיכך ,Home…ACCORDINGLY WE, MEMBERS OF THE PEOPLE'S COUNCIL נתכנסנו, אנו חברי מועצת העם נציגי הישוב העברי REPRESENTATIVES OF THE JEWISH COMMUNITY OF ERETZ-ISRAEL והתנועה הציונית...אנו מכריזים בזאת על הקמת AND OF THE ZIONIST MOVEMENT…, HEREBY DECLARE THE מדינה יהודית בארץ ישראל, היא מדינת ישראל . ESTABLISHMENT OF A JEWISH STATE IN ERETZ-ISRAEL, TO BE …תקיים שויון זכויות חברתי ומדיני גמור לכל אזרחיה KNOWN AS THE STATE OF ISRAEL. -
Do American Jews Speak a ''Jewish Language''? a Model of Jewish
T HE J EWISH Q UARTERLY R EVIEW, Vol. 99, No. 2 (Spring 2009) 230–269 Do American Jews Speak a ‘‘Jewish Language’’? A Model of Jewish Linguistic Distinctiveness SARAH BUNIN BENOR EXCERPT FROM an online discussion group:1 Posted by: [Satal] Apr 10 2005, 07:01 AM We didn’t have a shalom zochor. The baby is temeni [sic] like his father and will have a Brit Yitzchak the night before the bris in Yerushalayim. Posted by: [lebnir] Apr 11 2005, 07:24 PM what is a brit yitzchak? Posted by: [Satal] Apr 12 2005, 04:28 PM Its also called Zohar. The men sit up reading Zohar to protect the child the night before the bris from mezikin. BTW the bris was today and his name is [Natan]. Posted by: [Mira] Apr 12 2005, 04:31 PM We call it a vach nacht. [Natan] is a beautiful name—lots of nachas. סprinter&fסPrint&clientסϽhttp://www.hashkafah.com/index.php?act .1 9028Ͼ. ‘‘Hashkafah.com is a great way to meet people from around theסt&14 world and discuss divrei Torah, exchange ideas and viewpoints, or simply have a nice chat.’’ Translations: shalom zochor (Friday-night celebration for baby boy), temani (Yemenite), Brit Yitzchak (covenant of Isaac), bris (circumcision cere- mony), Yerushalayim (Jerusalem), Zohar (kabbalistic text), mezikin (harm), vach nacht (‘‘watch night’’ from the German Jewish tradition), nachas (pride/ joy). The Jewish Quarterly Review (Spring 2009) Copyright ᭧ 2009 Herbert D. Katz Center for Advanced Judaic Studies. All rights reserved. A ‘‘JEWISH LANGUAGE’’?—BENOR 231 Throughout history Jews have tended to speak and write distinctly from their non-Jewish neighbors. -
Beginning Biblical Hebrew
Beginning Biblical Hebrew Beginning Biblical Hebrew Mark D. Futato Winona Lake, Indiana Eisenbrauns 2003 ç Copyright 2003 by Mark D. Futato. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Futato, Mark David Beginning Biblical Hebrew / Mark D. Futato. p. cm. ISBN 1-57506-022-1 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Hebrew language—Grammar. I. Title. PJ4567.3.F88 2003 492.4u82421—dc21 2003054970 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. †‘ 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 To my wife, Adele Many women do noble things, but you surpass them all. (Proverbs 31:30 [29]) Wnl: alø hw;hy] Wnl: alø d/bK: ˆTE Úm}v¥l}AyKI ÚT<mIa“Al[" ÚD]s}j"Al[" (Psalm 115:1) CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . ix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . xi 1. THE ALPHABET . 1 2. THE VOWELS . 7 3. SYLLABLES, SHEVA, AND STRONG DAGESH . 13 4. THE NOUN: BASIC FORMS . 18 5. PRONOUNS AND THE DEFINITE ARTICLE . 24 6. THE VERB: QAL PERFECT . 29 7. SENTENCES WITH VERBS . 36 8. THE NOUN: VOWEL CHANGES . 42 9. PREPOSITIONS AND VAV CONJUNCTION . 49 10. THE ADJECTIVE . 56 11. THE VERB: QAL IMPERFECT . 63 12. CONSTRUCT RELATIONSHIP: SINGULAR . 68 13. CONSTRUCT RELATIONSHIP: PLURAL . 75 14. QAL PERFECT AND IMPERFECT: WEAK ROOTS . 81 15. QAL PERFECT AND IMPERFECT: I NUN AND III HEY .