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SOCIAL ACTION and the DISABILITY MURAL PROJECT 1 the Historical Aspects of Mural Making, Art Therapy, and Social A Running head: SOCIAL ACTION AND THE DISABILITY MURAL PROJECT 1 The Historical Aspects of Mural Making, Art Therapy, and Social Action, in Relation to the Disability Mural Project Presented to the Faculty of Adler Graduate School ___________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Degree of Master of Arts in Adlerian Counseling in Psychotherapy ___________________________ By: Deborah Dawn Costandine April 2015 SOCIAL ACTION AND THE DISABILITY MURAL PROJECT 2 Abstract The exploration of prehistoric symbolic art making illustrates the intrinsic need to communicate and belong, and demonstrates the healing nature of symbolic art and social action. The evolution of symbolic art making is similar throughout all developing cultures from primitive society to more advanced cultures. It is developmental and emergent and involves a communal sense of belonging. Ancient art making used collaboration and social engagement and was historically essential for survival. Symbolic art making is evolutionary, and was used to illustrate core societal values of belonging, and demonstrates societal awareness, and societal progression. Art and mural making are also used to illustrate complex concepts and conflicting ideology. The Disability Mural Project is an example of an educational and therapeutic project of a socially active and modern culture. The project uses these issues to help those with limited access to art making, act, react, and grow through a collaborative process. The Disability Mural Project demonstrates societal awareness of disability and accessibility through action toward a therapeutic and healing conclusion. It has a positive and enduring effect and is a national project and ongoing social action that continues throughout the United States fifteen years after the first mural action was completed. SOCIAL ACTION AND THE DISABILITY MURAL PROJECT 3 © 2015 Deborah D. Costandine ALL RIGHTS RESERVED SOCIAL ACTION AND THE DISABILITY MURAL PROJECT 4 Table of Contents Page Dedication ........................................................................................................................................6 Acknowledgements ..........................................................................................................................8 Chapter I Introduction Introduction ....................................................................................................................................11 Evolution and Originality ..............................................................................................................12 Paleomammalian Brain and Mimesis ............................................................................................14 Multi-theory Models of Evolution .................................................................................................17 Modern Art, Social Action and Mural Making ..............................................................................37 The Effects of Belonging and the Actions of Superiority..............................................................46 Striving for Recognition and Effects of Feelings of Inferiority and Shame ..................................48 The Purpose of the Americans with Disability Act Mural ............................................................62 Extension of the Disability Mural: Duluth Minnesota ...................................................................71 Extension of the Disability Mural: Twin Cities and Saint Cloud, Minnesota ...............................72 Limitations of the Study.................................................................................................................79 Assumptions ...................................................................................................................................80 Operational Definition of Adlerian Terms .....................................................................................81 Operational Definition of Terms ....................................................................................................82 Implications....................................................................................................................................84 Chapter II Literature Review Literature Review...........................................................................................................................84 Overview of Literature Review .....................................................................................................84 Conclusions ....................................................................................................................................90 SOCIAL ACTION AND THE DISABILITY MURAL PROJECT 5 Chapter III Project Summary Setting ...........................................................................................................................................90 Chapter IV Results The Genesis of Cultural and Social Belonging ………………………………………………….91 Psychology of Aesthetics, Neuroaesthetics, and Neuro-Cognitive Brain Research ......................92 Art and neuro-psychology..............................................................................................................93 Social action and social engagement, and social intervention .......................................................97 Creativity and mental illness ..........................................................................................................98 Chapter V Discussion Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................103 Major Findings .............................................................................................................................103 Implications and Recommendations ............................................................................................104 Future Developments ...................................................................................................................104 Conclusions ..................................................................................................................................105 References References ....................................................................................................................................107 Appendices Appendix A: List of Figures ............................................................................................121 Appendix A: List of Tables..............................................................................................137 Appendix A: Abbreviations .............................................................................................140 Appendix B: Permissions .................................................................................................142 SOCIAL ACTION AND THE DISABILITY MURAL PROJECT 6 DEDICATION This paper is dedicated to those who will not allow disability to encumber the development of a passionate and fulfilled life. In my quest to transform my disabilities into re-abilities, I have tried to utilize my talent and intellect to educate myself to all the possibilities of living the fullest life possible. This has moved me toward helping and empowering others through art so that they may know the possibilities of art and healing. “Our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate. Our deepest fear is that we are powerful beyond measure. It is our light, not our darkness, that most frightens us. Your playing small does not serve the world. There is nothing enlightened about shrinking so that other people won't feel insecure around you. We are all meant to shine as children do. It's not just in some of us; it is in everyone. And as we let our own lights shine, we unconsciously give other people permission to do the same. As we are liberated from our own fear, our presence automatically liberates others.” Marianne Williamson In 1999 I was hit by a car while bicycling home from university. I flew over the hood and hit my head on the pavement with such force it cracked my bicycle helmet. Thus began my downward spiral of cognitive debility. I experienced cognitive decline, emotional dysregulation, anxiety, hives, physical symptoms of pain and swelling on my right side, vertigo, tinnitus, hearing and light sensitivity, and migraine headaches. It was as if my immune system had turned inward on my own body. Of all these symptoms, the worst was the depression and anxiety. For the first time in my life, I doubted my ability, my creativity, my talent and most of all myself. I no longer had the energy to create art, socialize, or to be productive to society. I was broken and frightened and alone. SOCIAL ACTION AND THE DISABILITY MURAL PROJECT 7 I was an undergraduate at Metropolitan State University but it had become a struggle to complete my school work. I withdrew from undergraduate school. Test scores showed my short-term memory was at the bottom 2%. At the encouragement of my psychiatrist Dr. Schnick, and my therapist Dr. Garwick, I filed for Social Security Disability. In 2004, I re-enrolled at Metropolitan State University and graduated in 2006 with a GPA of 3.87. One year serving AmeriCorps, which I failed to complete due to anxiety and the onset of hives, and one successful year serving AmeriCorps Vista gave me the confidence to move forward with my life. I decided to apply to Adler Graduate School to become a counselor, psychotherapist and art therapist. This thesis
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